457 lines
54 KiB
XML
457 lines
54 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7EA804ED8F2703703D37D23202AC79A3">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F06DB853592159F61DBF035C68321309">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBA760A11FF54FCC9FCFD5F98" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8064215" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700390" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8064215" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA760A11FF54FCC9FCFD5F98" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBA760A11FF54FCC9FCFD5F98" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA760A12FF54FCC9FD055984" blockId="69.[151,660,870,897]" box="[151,660,870,897]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<heading id="C54581B7BA760A12FF54FCC9FD055984" bold="true" box="[151,660,870,897]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA760A12FF54FCC9FD055984" ID-CoL="89ZFX" ID-ENA="1632207" authority="Theobald" authorityName="Theobald" box="[151,660,870,897]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis" subGenus="Cellia">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FF54FCC9FD055984" bold="true" box="[151,660,870,897]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FF54FCC9FE875984" bold="true" box="[151,278,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Anopheles</emphasis>
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(
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FEE4FCC9FEFE5984" bold="true" box="[295,367,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Cellia</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FE43FCC9FD875984" bold="true" box="[384,534,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">rhodesiensis</emphasis>
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Theobald
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA760A12FF54FC04FD055E9F" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA760A12FF54FC04FB5F5E3B" blockId="69.[151,1437,939,1178]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA760A12FED1FC04FDC059C6" ID-CoL="89ZFX" authority="Theobald, 1901 a" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[274,593,939,963]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FED1FC04FE0559C6" bold="true" box="[274,404,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">rhodesiensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA760A12FE61FC04FDC059C6" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[418,593,939,963]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refId="ref181412" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, xviii + 424 pp., pls. viii + I - XXXVII and A - E under separate cover. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1901">Theobald, 1901a</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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—original combination:
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||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA760A12FCA3FC04FBC759C6" ID-CoL="89ZFX" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[864,1110,939,963]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FCA3FC04FBC759C6" box="[864,1110,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Anopheles rhodesiensis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. Distribution:
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FB39FC04FAD659C6" box="[1274,1351,939,963]" name="Angola" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Angola</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FA9AFC04FA0959C6" box="[1369,1432,939,963]" name="Benin" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Benin</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FF04FC65FEBC59E4" box="[199,301,970,993]" name="Botswana" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Botswana</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FEFAFC65FE5559E4" box="[313,452,970,994]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FE0CFC65FDAA59E7" box="[463,571,970,994]" name="Cameroon" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FD84FC65FCDB59E7" box="[583,842,970,994]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FC96FC65FC1C59E7" box="[853,909,970,994]" name="Chad" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Chad</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FC5BFC65FBB559E7" box="[920,1060,970,994]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FBECFC65FA0959E7" box="[1071,1432,970,994]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FF04FC47FE8F5E05" box="[199,286,1000,1024]" name="Djibouti" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Djibouti</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FEE9FC47FEE35E05" box="[298,370,1000,1024]" name="Eritrea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FEBEFC47FE495E05" box="[381,472,1000,1024]" name="Swaziland" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Eswatini</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FE20FC47FDAD5E05" box="[483,572,1000,1024]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FD84FC47FD1C5E05" box="[583,653,1000,1024]" name="Gabon" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Gabon</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FD5AFC47FD4F5E05" box="[665,734,1000,1024]" name="Ghana" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Ghana</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FD2AFC47FCA45E05" box="[745,821,1000,1024]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FC83FC46FC145E04" box="[832,901,1001,1025]" name="Kenya" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FC53FC47FC715E05" box="[912,992,1000,1024]" name="Malawi" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FC2FFC47FB8F5E05" box="[1004,1054,1000,1024]" name="Serbia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Mali</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FBE9FC47FB0D5E05" box="[1066,1180,1000,1024]" name="Mauritania" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FB64FC46FA945E05" box="[1191,1285,1001,1024]" name="Morocco" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Morocco</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FAD3FC47FA095E05" box="[1296,1432,1000,1024]" name="Mozambique" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FF04FBA8FEB05E1A" box="[199,289,1031,1055]" name="Namibia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Namibia</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FEEDFBA8FEF85E1A" box="[302,361,1031,1055]" name="Niger" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Niger</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FEB4FBA8FE575E1A" box="[375,454,1031,1055]" name="Nigeria" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FE10FBA8FD575E1A" box="[467,710,1031,1055]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FD17FBA8FC4F5E1A" box="[724,990,1031,1055]" name="South Africa" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Republic of South Africa</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FC2FFBA8FBE75E1A" box="[1004,1142,1031,1055]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FB40FBA8FB475E1A" box="[1155,1238,1031,1055]" name="Senegal" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Senegal</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FB20FBA8FAC35E1A" box="[1251,1362,1031,1055]" name="Seychelles" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FAA3FBA8FA0D5E1A" box="[1376,1436,1031,1055]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Sierra</collectingCountry>
|
||
Leone,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FED0FB89FEF85E3B" box="[275,361,1062,1086]" name="Somalia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Somalia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FEB0FB89FE675E3B" box="[371,502,1062,1086]" name="South Sudan" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FDC3FB89FDD35E3B" box="[512,578,1062,1086]" name="Sudan" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FD8FFB89FD3B5E3B" box="[588,682,1062,1086]" name="Tanzania" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FD77FB89FC945E3B" box="[692,773,1062,1086]" name="Uganda" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FCCCFB89FCCE5E3B" box="[783,863,1062,1086]" name="Zambia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FCAAFB89FC445E3B" box="[873,981,1062,1086]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA760A12FC21FB89FB525E3B" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[994,1219,1062,1086]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Wilkerson
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FB90FB88FB115E3B" box="[1107,1152,1062,1086]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA760A12FF54FBEBFD055E9F" blockId="69.[151,1437,939,1178]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA760A12FECFFBEBFE645E59" authority="Lewis, 1937" authorityName="Lewis" authorityYear="1937" box="[268,501,1092,1116]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FECFFBEBFEFE5E59" bold="true" box="[268,367,1092,1116]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">rupicolus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA760A12FEB4FBEBFE645E59" author="Lewis, D. J." box="[375,501,1092,1116]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="181 - 183" refId="ref165475" refString="Lewis, D. J. (1937) A new species of Anopheles from the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B: Taxonomy, 6 (9), 181 - 183, 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1937. tb 01685. x" type="journal article" year="1937">Lewis, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—original combination:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA760A12FD36FBEBFBD85E59" authorityName="Lewis" authorityYear="1937" box="[757,1097,1092,1117]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupicolus" subGenus="Myzomyia">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FD36FBEBFCCE5E59" box="[757,863,1092,1116]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Anopheles</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FCB3FBEAFC495E59" box="[880,984,1093,1116]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Myzomyia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FC2AFBEBFBD85E59" box="[1001,1097,1092,1116]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">rupicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(subspecific status by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA760A12FAFBFBEBFA0D5E59" author="Mattingly, P. F. & Knight, K. L." box="[1336,1436,1092,1116]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="91 - 141" refId="ref169149" refString="Mattingly, P. F. & Knight, K. L. (1956) The mosquitoes of Arabia I. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 4 (3), 91 - 141." type="journal article" year="1956">Mattingly</bibRefCitation>
|
||
& Knight 1956). Distribution:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FDC7FBCCFDC25E7E" box="[516,595,1123,1147]" name="Algeria" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FD9DFBCCFD075E7E" box="[606,662,1123,1147]" name="Chad" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Chad</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FD60FBCBFD735E79" box="[675,738,1124,1148]" name="Egypt" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FD2DFBCCFCA75E7E" box="[750,822,1123,1147]" name="Eritrea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FC82FBCCFC0B5E7E" box="[833,922,1123,1147]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FC65FBCCFC7D5E7E" box="[934,1004,1123,1147]" name="Jordan" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FC3BFBCCFBC25E7E" box="[1016,1107,1123,1147]" name="Lebanon" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FB9CFBCBFB2C5E7E" box="[1119,1213,1124,1147]" name="Morocco" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FB0AFBCCFA955E7E" box="[1225,1284,1123,1147]" name="Niger" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Niger</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FAD3FBCCFA085E7E" box="[1296,1433,1123,1147]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FF04FB2DFE985E9F" box="[199,265,1154,1178]" name="Sudan" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FED0FB2DFEDA5E9F" box="[275,331,1154,1178]" name="Syria" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Syria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FE97FB2DFE0A5E9C" box="[340,411,1154,1177]" name="Yemen" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA760A12FE6BFB2DFD185E9F" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[424,649,1154,1178]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Wilkerson
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FDDAFB2CFDD45E9F" box="[537,581,1154,1178]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA760A11FF54FB67FCFD5F98" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA760A12FF54FB67FB615CFB" blockId="69.[151,1437,1224,2043]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
The nominotypical subspecies was described from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA760A12FD09FB67FCF55EE7" box="[714,868,1224,1250]" country="Zimbabwe" name="Mashonaland West" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Mashonaland</collectingRegion>
|
||
, British Central Africa, now in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FADEFB67FA095EE7" box="[1309,1432,1224,1250]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA760A12FF54FB43FEF25F03" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[151,355,1260,1286]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refId="ref181412" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, xviii + 424 pp., pls. viii + I - XXXVII and A - E under separate cover. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1901">Theobald (1901a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that the species had been sent “in numbers” from “Central Africa”. It has since been documented throughout the Afrotropical Region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA760A12FD0DFABFFC0C5F2F" author="Kyalo, D. & Amratia, P. & Mundia, C. W. & Mbogo, C. M. & Coetzee, M. & Snow, R. W." box="[718,925,1296,1322]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refId="ref163372" refString="Kyalo, D., Amratia, P., Mundia, C. W., Mbogo, C. M., Coetzee, M. & Snow, R. W. (2017) A geo-coded inventory of anophelines in the Afrotropical Region south of the Sahara: 1898 - 2016. Wellcome Open Researach, 2, 57. https: // doi. org / 10.12688 / wellcomeopenres. 12187.1" type="journal volume" year="2017">
|
||
Kyalo
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FCDDFABEFCC95F2F" box="[798,856,1296,1322]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA760A12FC68FABFFBF65F2F" author="Irish, S. R. & Kyalo, D. & Snow, R. W. & Coetzee, M." box="[939,1127,1296,1322]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="401 - 449" refId="ref161299" refString="Irish, S. R., Kyalo, D., Snow, R. W. & Coetzee, M. (2020) Updated list of Anopheles species (Diptera: Culicidae) by country in the Afrotropical Region and associated islands. Zootaxa, 4747 (3), 401 - 449. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4747.3.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Irish
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FC2BFABEFBB35F2F" box="[1000,1058,1296,1322]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who treated all records as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA760A12FF54FA9BFEB35F4B" box="[151,290,1332,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FF54FA9BFEB35F4B" box="[151,290,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Theobald provided a color illustration of the habitus of the adult female (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA760A12FBBCFA9BFAA95F4B" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[1151,1336,1332,1358]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refId="ref181412" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, xviii + 424 pp., pls. viii + I - XXXVII and A - E under separate cover. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1901">Theobald 1901a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[plates]: fig. 14, pl. IV), which matches the verbal description. Of note were: Head scales erect, dark laterally, pale on occiput and frontal tuft; scutum reddish brown with a dorsocentral ash-gray stripe; maxillary palpus with three narrow pale bands, one near apex of palpomere 2, one between palpomeres 3 and 4 and one encompassing most of palpomere 5; wing with distinct pale spots on the costa and vein R
|
||
<subScript id="0236349EBA760A12FCD0FA79FC8A5FE1" attach="left" box="[787,795,1494,1508]" fontSize="6" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">1</subScript>
|
||
as follows, sector pale (on R
|
||
<subScript id="0236349EBA760A12FBA9FA79FBE35FE1" attach="left" box="[1130,1138,1494,1508]" fontSize="6" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">1</subScript>
|
||
only, illustrated by others on both veins), subcostal pale, preapical pale and apical pale spots (as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA760A12FBF2FA47FACB5C07" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Peyton, E. L." box="[1073,1370,1512,1539]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="207 - 224" refId="ref184770" refString="Wilkerson, R. C. & Peyton, E. L. (1990) Standardized nomenclature for the costal wing spots of the genus Anopheles and other spotted-wing mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 27 (2), 207 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 27.2.207" type="journal article" year="1990">Wilkerson & Peyton 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); legs entirely dark brown; abdomen brown with basal and median light brownish yellow mottling. These characters have been used in most keys to identify
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA760A12FDDCF99FFD3B5C4F" box="[543,682,1584,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FDDCF99FFD3B5C4F" box="[543,682,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FD7BF99EFD705C4F" box="[696,737,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA760A12FD2BF99FFC275C4F" author="de Meillon, B." box="[744,950,1584,1610]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 272" refId="ref151100" refString="de Meillon, B. (1947) The Anophelini of the Ethiopian geographical region. Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 10 (49), 1 - 272." type="journal article" year="1947">de Meillon (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA760A12FC01F99FFB6C5C4F" author="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B." box="[962,1277,1584,1610]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref156929" refString="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B. (1968) The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 54, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="1968">Gillies & de Meillon (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA760A12FAF6F99FFED65C6B" author="Gillies, M. T. & Coetzee, M." pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref156883" refString="Gillies, M. T. & Coetzee, M. (1987) A supplement to the Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Afrotropical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 55, 1 - 143." type="journal article" year="1987">Gillies & Coetzee (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Characters of the adult, larva, pupa and male genitalia are well documented and illustrated in the three publications. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA760A12FDCEF9D7FCC15C97" author="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B." box="[525,848,1656,1682]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref156929" refString="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B. (1968) The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 54, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="1968">Gillies & de Meillon (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, larvae are found in a variety of habitats, including “rock pools, stream beds, seepages with little shade, margins of streams, springs and pools, ditches and hoof-prints, artificial containers such as concrete tanks and swimming-baths, whether in exposed water or in shade.” Females are not known to feed on humans or to be a factor in malaria transmission (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA760A12FC74F94BFB755CFB" author="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B." box="[951,1252,1764,1790]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref156929" refString="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B. (1968) The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 54, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="1968">Gillies & de Meillon 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA760A11FF04F8A7FE2658F4" blockId="69.[151,1437,1224,2043]" lastBlockId="70.[151,1437,151,1437]" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA760A12FE8FF8A7FE275D27" authorityName="Lewis" authorityYear="1937" box="[332,438,1800,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FE8FF8A7FE275D27" box="[332,438,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">rupicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from Gebel Moya near Sennar,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA760A12FC12F8A7FB3C5D27" box="[977,1197,1800,1826]" country="Sudan" name="An Nil al Azraq" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Blue Nile Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA760A12FA8CF8A7FA085D27" box="[1359,1433,1800,1826]" name="Sudan" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA760A12FF54F883FEBB5D43" author="Lewis, D. J." box="[151,298,1836,1862]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="181 - 183" refId="ref165475" refString="Lewis, D. J. (1937) A new species of Anopheles from the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B: Taxonomy, 6 (9), 181 - 183, 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1937. tb 01685. x" type="journal article" year="1937">Lewis (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
remarked that the species had almost all dark wings resembling some species of the subgenus
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FAE2F883FA0C5D43" box="[1313,1437,1836,1862]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA760A12FAE2F883FA085D43" box="[1313,1433,1836,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anopheles</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The color of the head scales was described as like those of subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA760A12FC6AF8FFFBA55D6F" box="[937,1076,1872,1898]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FC6AF8FFFBA55D6F" box="[937,1076,1872,1898]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with dark scales on the back of the occiput, white scales on the vertex and a conspicuous white vertical frontal tuft. The maxillary palpus and legs were described as all dark and the wing as having variably faint to absent sector pale, subcostal pale and preapical pale spots on the costa and/or vein R
|
||
<subScript id="0236349EBA760A12FDF8F861FDD25DD9" attach="left" box="[571,579,1998,2012]" fontSize="6" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">1</subScript>
|
||
. Specimens were collected from a metal tank but most from a deep cleft in a rock. Lewis stated: “The wing markings and characters of the pharyngeal armature [cibarial armature] and male hypopygium [genitalia] indicate that the species is allied to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FCECFF38FBA95AB4" authority="Theo. It" authorityName="Theo. It" box="[815,1080,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FCECFF38FCD15AB4" box="[815,832,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FC8DFF38FC485AB4" box="[846,985,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
Theo. It
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the latter in having 37 teeth on the mandible which is expanded at the tip, dark palpi with a higher index [length in relation to proboscis length], very faint pale marks, less than four, on the costa, no pale area on the basal third of the first longitudinal vein [R
|
||
<subScript id="0236349EBA750A11FF29FEBAFF635B26" attach="left" box="[234,242,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">1</subScript>
|
||
], and in the larva the clypeal hairs [setae 2,3-C] usually simple [single]. The mandible of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FB1AFEACFA125B18" box="[1241,1411,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FB1AFEACFB7B5B18" box="[1241,1258,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FB3BFEACFA125B18" box="[1272,1411,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not expanded at the end and has 80 teeth (Christophers [& Puri] 1931).” No apical pale spot was noted.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA750A11FADFFE88FF735B60" author="de Meillon, B." pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 272" refId="ref151100" refString="de Meillon, B. (1947) The Anophelini of the Ethiopian geographical region. Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 10 (49), 1 - 272." type="journal article" year="1947">De Meillon (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided full descriptions of both subspecies (as species), and included illustrations showing contrasting wing spot characters and allopatric distributions (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FD1AFEC0FC3B5B8C" authority="Saharan" authorityName="Saharan" box="[729,938,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FD1AFEC0FCD25B8C" box="[729,835,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">rupicolus</emphasis>
|
||
Saharan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FC79FEC0FB4C5B8C" authority="Afrotropical" authorityName="Afrotropical" box="[954,1245,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FC79FEC0FBD45B8C" box="[954,1093,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
Afrotropical
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but then noted after the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FE5EFE3CFD965BA8" box="[413,519,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FE5EFE3CFD965BA8" box="[413,519,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">rupicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: “It is questionable if this species is distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FBF9FE3CFB545BA8" box="[1082,1221,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FBF9FE3CFB545BA8" box="[1082,1221,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The adult is paler, the wings and palps [maxillary palpi] with less distinct pale making but otherwise there is little to separate them. The larvae and pupae, when considering the range of variation seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FC77FE74FBAE5BF0" box="[948,1087,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FC77FE74FBAE5BF0" box="[948,1087,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, appear to be inseparable from that species.”
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA750A11FEF6FE50FDF8581C" author="Mattingly, P. F. & Knight, K. L." box="[309,617,510,537]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="91 - 141" refId="ref169149" refString="Mattingly, P. F. & Knight, K. L. (1956) The mosquitoes of Arabia I. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 4 (3), 91 - 141." type="journal article" year="1956">Mattingly & Knight (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
cited
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA750A11FD6CFE50FC1E581C" author="de Meillon, B." box="[687,911,511,537]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 272" refId="ref151100" refString="de Meillon, B. (1947) The Anophelini of the Ethiopian geographical region. Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 10 (49), 1 - 272." type="journal article" year="1947">de Meillon’s (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
note and agreed that they too doubted the two were distinct species and provisionally preferred to treat them as subspecies. In addition, they mentioned that Lewis agreed with them. The logic and utility of this decision is not clear. However, the two nominal taxa have been treated as subspecies since that time (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA750A11FD80FDC4FCE45880" author="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B." box="[579,885,619,645]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref156929" refString="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B. (1968) The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 54, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="1968">Gillies & de Meillon 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA750A11FC40FDC4FB035880" author="Gillies, M. T. & Coetzee, M." box="[899,1170,619,645]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref156883" refString="Gillies, M. T. & Coetzee, M. (1987) A supplement to the Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Afrotropical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 55, 1 - 143." type="journal article" year="1987">Gillies & Coetzee 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA750A11FB5CFDC4FA065880" author="Knight, K. L. & Stone, A." box="[1183,1431,619,645]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refId="ref162868" refString="Knight, K. L. & Stone, A. (1977) A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera: Culicidae). 2 nd Edition. The Thomas Say Foundation. Vol. VI. Entomological Society of America, College Park, Maryland, xi + 611 pp." type="book" year="1977">Knight & Stone 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA750A11FF54FD20FEA858AC" author="Harbach, R. E." box="[151,313,655,681]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refId="ref158710" refString="Harbach, R. E. (2018) Culicipedia: Species-group, genus-group and family-group names in Culicidae (Diptera). CABI, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, xviii + 378 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9781786399052.0000" type="book" year="2018">Harbach 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA750A11FE85FD20FDAE58AC" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[326,575,655,681]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Wilkerson
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FE01FD20FE6558AC" box="[450,500,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA750A11FD97FD20FC0258AC" author="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B." box="[596,915,655,681]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref156929" refString="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B. (1968) The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 54, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="1968">Gillies & de Meillon (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included the two nominal taxa in their key to adult females but they are combined in the larval key as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FCDBFD1CFC3258C8" box="[792,931,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FCDBFD1CFC3258C8" box="[792,931,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FBADFD1CFB4958C8" box="[1134,1240,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FBADFD1CFB4958C8" box="[1134,1240,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">rupicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“is not separable from the nominate form.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA750A11FF04FD54FF7359E8" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
An important indicator of separate species status is evidence of sympatry.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA750A11FC2BFD54FB275910" author="Kyalo, D. & Amratia, P. & Mundia, C. W. & Mbogo, C. M. & Coetzee, M. & Snow, R. W." box="[1000,1206,763,789]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refId="ref163372" refString="Kyalo, D., Amratia, P., Mundia, C. W., Mbogo, C. M., Coetzee, M. & Snow, R. W. (2017) A geo-coded inventory of anophelines in the Afrotropical Region south of the Sahara: 1898 - 2016. Wellcome Open Researach, 2, 57. https: // doi. org / 10.12688 / wellcomeopenres. 12187.1" type="journal volume" year="2017">
|
||
Kyalo
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FBF2FD54FBF15910" box="[1073,1120,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did a comprehensive review of literature records of all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FDDFFCB0FD00593C" box="[540,657,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FDDFFCB0FD00593C" box="[540,657,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Anopheles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Afrotropical Region. Their dataset (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA750A11FBB9FCB0FB6E593C" author="Snow, R. W." box="[1146,1279,799,825]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refId="ref178991" refString="Snow, R. W. (2017) A geo-coded inventory of anophelines in the Afrotropical Region south of the Sahara: 1898 - 2016. Harvard DataVerse, V 1. https: // doi. org / 10.7910 / DVN / NQ 6 CUN" type="journal volume" year="2017">Snow 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) was used by David Pecor (Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit) to map
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FCD6FCECFC315958" box="[789,928,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FCD6FCECFC315958" box="[789,928,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FC19FCECFBD55958" box="[986,1092,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FC19FCECFBD55958" box="[986,1092,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">rupicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This allowed visualization of numerous instances of co-occurrence and overlapping ranges of the two nominal taxa. Also,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA750A11FB75FCC8FAF55984" author="Verrone, G. A." box="[1206,1380,871,897]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="37 - 49" refId="ref183912" refString="Verrone, G. A. (1962) Outline for the determination of malarial mosquitoes in Ethiopia. Part I - Adult female anophelines. Mosquito News, 22 (1), 37 - 49." type="journal article" year="1962">Verrone (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in a paper not indexed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA750A11FE4AFC24FDF059A0" author="Kyalo, D. & Amratia, P. & Mundia, C. W. & Mbogo, C. M. & Coetzee, M. & Snow, R. W." box="[393,609,907,933]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refId="ref163372" refString="Kyalo, D., Amratia, P., Mundia, C. W., Mbogo, C. M., Coetzee, M. & Snow, R. W. (2017) A geo-coded inventory of anophelines in the Afrotropical Region south of the Sahara: 1898 - 2016. Wellcome Open Researach, 2, 57. https: // doi. org / 10.12688 / wellcomeopenres. 12187.1" type="journal volume" year="2017">
|
||
Kyalo
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FE16FC24FD9C59A0" box="[469,525,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, recorded both subspecies in close proximity in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FBBFFC24FB4E59A0" box="[1148,1247,907,933]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The accuracy of these records is enhanced by an illustrated key to adult females clearly showing the diagnostic characters discussed above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA750A11FF04FC58FDAC5F08" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
The above nominal taxa have been closely associated since the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FB8FFC58FB275E14" box="[1100,1206,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FB8FFC58FB275E14" box="[1100,1206,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">rupicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All stages are very similar, except for diagnostic differences in the adult female (wing with an apical pale spot, banded proboscis and many fewer mandibular teeth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FDC4FB90FD035E5C" box="[519,658,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FDC4FB90FD035E5C" box="[519,658,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The assumption was made that differences in adult characters were due to clinal variation related to hotter temperatures in the Saharan taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FC39FBCCFBF55E78" box="[1018,1124,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FC39FBCCFBF55E78" box="[1018,1124,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">rupicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, we can find no published evidence of clinal variation, and it is apparent the two forms are sympatric. This obviates the assumption of subspecific status. We therefore believe they are two genetically distinct species and formally reinstate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FAF1FB04FA0D5EC0" box="[1330,1436,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FAF1FB04FA0D5EC0" box="[1330,1436,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">rupicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to its original specific status:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FE22FB61FC515EED" authority="Lewis, 1937" authorityName="Lewis" authorityYear="1937" box="[481,960,1230,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupicolus" subGenus="Cellia">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FE22FB61FC515EED" bold="true" box="[481,960,1230,1257]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FE22FB61FDCB5EEC" bold="true" box="[481,602,1230,1257]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Anopheles</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FDA8FB61FD3E5EEC" bold="true" box="[619,687,1230,1257]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Cellia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FD03FB61FCBC5EEC" bold="true" box="[704,813,1230,1257]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">rupicolus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA750A11FCF7FB61FC515EED" author="Lewis, D. J." box="[820,960,1230,1256]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="181 - 183" refId="ref165475" refString="Lewis, D. J. (1937) A new species of Anopheles from the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B: Taxonomy, 6 (9), 181 - 183, 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1937. tb 01685. x" type="journal article" year="1937">Lewis, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FC0DFB60FB255EEC" authorityName="Lewis" authorityYear="1937" box="[974,1204,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FC0DFB60FB255EEC" box="[974,1204,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Anopheles rupicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently listed as a species in the Encyclopedia of Life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA750A11FF04FAB8FCFD5F98" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FF04FAB8FE215F34" authorityName="Lewis" authorityYear="1937" box="[199,432,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FF04FAB8FE215F34" box="[199,432,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Anopheles rupicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
currently has two synonyms, which we retain:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FC1BFAB8FB625F34" authority="Salem, 1938" authorityName="Salem" authorityYear="1938" box="[984,1267,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aegypti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FC1BFAB8FBCB5F35" box="[984,1114,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">An. aegypti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA750A11FBA7FAB8FB625F34" author="Salem, H. H." box="[1124,1267,1303,1329]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref176909" refString="Salem, H. H. (1938) The mosquito fauna of Sinai Peninsula (Egypt) with a description of two new species. Publications of the Egyptian University Faculty of Medicine, 16, 1 - 31, 16 pls." type="journal article" year="1938">Salem, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA750A11FAC6FAB8FAA65F34" box="[1285,1335,1303,1329]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: Wadi Taba,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA750A11FEE3FA94FECD5F50" box="[288,348,1339,1365]" country="Egypt" name="Shamal Sina'" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Sinai</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FEA9FA94FE3E5F50" box="[362,431,1339,1365]" name="Egypt" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA750A11FE32FA94FBA55F50" authority="Corradetti, 1939" authorityName="Corradetti" authorityYear="1939" box="[497,1076,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rhodesiensis" variety="dthalisimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FE32FA94FD3A5F50" box="[497,683,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">An. rhodesiensis</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA750A11FD24FA94FCE05F50" box="[743,881,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">dthalisimilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA750A11FCB9FA94FBA55F50" author="Corradetti, A." box="[890,1076,1339,1365]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="57 - 63" refId="ref149431" refString="Corradetti, A. (1939) Studi morfologici sulla specie anofelica precedentemente identificata come A. dthali nel semien e sua classificazione come nuova varieta di A. rhodesiensis. Rivista di Parassitologia, 3 (1), 57 - 63." type="journal article" year="1939">Corradetti, 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA750A11FB87FA94FBE75F50" box="[1092,1142,1339,1365]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: Semien District,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA750A11FF54FAF0FF6A5F7C" box="[151,251,1375,1401]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Both were treated as questionable synonyms by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA750A11FCF5FAF0FC7F5F7C" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[822,1006,1375,1401]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which leaves some doubt about their status and lays open the possible existence of a species complex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |