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<document id="6EFD4CD1AB43074FC8573E3CB44CCAFD" ID-CLB-Dataset="53758" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5303.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="55cb0aa4-25b5-43fc-b545-54697a22b641" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8043342" ID-ZooBank="DE9C1F18-5CEE-4968-9991-075B977966FE" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1686836004935" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Harbach, Ralph E. &amp; Wilkerson, Richard C." docDate="2023" docId="161B87CDBA690A0CFF54FEC1FDCA5880" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5303.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5303 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Culex (Culex) toroensis Edwards &amp; Gibbins" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="91" masterDocId="EA22FFB5BA330A57FFC3FFAFFF915A05" masterDocTitle="The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification" masterLastPageNumber="184" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="91" updateTime="1699524690436" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="31322834624EB72A698E7D9020C3C0E9">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBA690A0CFF54FEC1FDCA5880" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8064251" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700491" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8064251" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA690A0CFF54FEC1FDCA5880" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBA690A0CFF54FEC1FDCA5880" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA690A0DFF54FEC1FD295B8D" box="[151,696,366,393]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA690A0DFF54FEC1FD295B8D" blockId="90.[151,696,366,393]" box="[151,696,366,393]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<heading id="C54581B7BA690A0DFF54FEC1FD295B8D" bold="true" box="[151,696,366,393]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFF54FEC1FD295B8D" ID-CoL="8BMP2" authority="Edwards &amp; Gibbins" authorityName="Edwards &amp; Gibbins" box="[151,696,366,393]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toroensis" subGenus="Culex">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFF54FEC1FD295B8D" bold="true" box="[151,696,366,393]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFF54FEC1FF4E5B8C" bold="true" box="[151,223,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Culex</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFF33FEC1FEA95B8C" bold="true" box="[240,312,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Culex</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFE8AFEC0FE275B8C" bold="true" box="[329,438,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">toroensis</emphasis>
Edwards &amp; Gibbins
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA690A0DFF54FE1CFC045860" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA690A0DFF54FE1CFE28580C" blockId="90.[151,1437,435,613]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
subspecies
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFECAFE1CFD335BCE" authority="Edwards &amp; Gibbins, 1939" authorityName="Edwards &amp; Gibbins" authorityYear="1939" box="[265,674,435,459]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrophyllus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFECAFE1CFE065BCE" bold="true" box="[265,407,435,459]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">macrophyllus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA690A0DFE5EFE1CFD335BCE" author="Edwards, F. W. &amp; Gibbins, E. G." box="[413,674,435,459]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref154353" refString="Edwards, F. W. &amp; Gibbins, E. G. (1939) Mosquitoes. Ruwenzori Expedition 1934 - 5. Vol. 1. No. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 29 - 33, 1 pl." type="book" year="1939">Edwards &amp; Gibbins, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—original combination:
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFC5EFE1CFA8D5BCE" ID-CoL="8BMPJ" authorityName="Edwards &amp; Gibbins" authorityYear="1939" box="[925,1308,435,459]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vansomereni">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFC5EFE1CFBCE5BCE" box="[925,1119,435,459]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Culex vansomereni</emphasis>
spp.
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFB50FE1CFA8D5BCE" box="[1171,1308,435,459]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">macrophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(subspecific status by
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA690A0DFEEAFE7DFE535BEF" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[297,450,466,490]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards, 1941</bibRefCitation>
concomitant with the elevation of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFCEAFE7DFC145BEC" ID-CoL="8BMP2" authority="Edwards &amp; Gibbins, 1939" authorityName="Edwards &amp; Gibbins" authorityYear="1939" box="[809,901,466,489]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toroensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFCEAFE7DFC145BEC" box="[809,901,466,489]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">toroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to specific status). Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFB15FE7DFAD35BEF" box="[1238,1346,466,490]" name="Cameroon" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFA8EFE7DFA0D5BEF" box="[1357,1436,466,490]" name="Uganda" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Uganda</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA690A0DFF0DFE5FFE3C580C" author="Knight, K. L. &amp; Stone, A." box="[206,429,496,521]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref162868" refString="Knight, K. L. &amp; Stone, A. (1977) A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera: Culicidae). 2 nd Edition. The Thomas Say Foundation. Vol. VI. Entomological Society of America, College Park, Maryland, xi + 611 pp." type="book" year="1977">Knight &amp; Stone 1977</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA690A0DFF54FDA0FC045860" blockId="90.[151,1437,435,613]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
subspecies
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFECBFDA0FDFC5822" ID-CoL="8BMP2" authority="Edwards &amp; Gibbins, 1939" authorityName="Edwards &amp; Gibbins" authorityYear="1939" box="[264,621,527,551]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toroensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFECBFDA0FEF75822" bold="true" box="[264,358,527,551]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">toroensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA690A0DFEA8FDA0FDFC5822" author="Edwards, F. W. &amp; Gibbins, E. G." box="[363,621,527,551]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref154353" refString="Edwards, F. W. &amp; Gibbins, E. G. (1939) Mosquitoes. Ruwenzori Expedition 1934 - 5. Vol. 1. No. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 29 - 33, 1 pl." type="book" year="1939">Edwards &amp; Gibbins, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—original combination:
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFCA5FDA0FB165822" ID-CoL="8BMP2" authorityName="Edwards &amp; Gibbins" authorityYear="1939" box="[870,1159,527,551]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="vansomereni" subSpecies="toroensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFCA5FDA0FB165822" box="[870,1159,527,551]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Culex vansomereni toroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(specific status by
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA690A0DFA87FDA0FA0C5822" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[1348,1437,527,551]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards</bibRefCitation>
1941). Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFE55FD81FE7D5843" box="[406,492,558,582]" name="Burundi" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Burundi</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFE35FD81FDF35843" box="[502,610,558,582]" name="Cameroon" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFDAFFD81FC415843" box="[620,976,558,582]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFC19FD81FBA25843" box="[986,1075,558,582]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFBFFFD81FB105843" box="[1084,1153,558,582]" name="Kenya" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Kenya</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFB49FD81FB4B5843" box="[1162,1242,558,582]" name="Malawi" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Malawi</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFB27FD81FA0D5843" box="[1252,1436,558,582]" name="South Africa" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Republic of South</collectingCountry>
Africa,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFED6FDE3FEFA5861" box="[277,363,588,612]" name="Rwanda" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFEB7FDE3FE695861" box="[372,504,588,612]" name="South Sudan" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFDC1FDE3FDD55861" box="[514,580,588,612]" name="Sudan" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Sudan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFD8DFDE3FD0C5861" box="[590,669,588,612]" name="Uganda" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Uganda</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA690A0DFD6AFDE3FC1B5860" author="Wilkerson, R. C. &amp; Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D." box="[681,906,588,613]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 &amp; 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
Wilkerson
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFCD9FDE2FCD65861" box="[794,839,588,612]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA690A0CFF54FD3CFDCA5880" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA690A0DFF54FD3CFED25FC0" blockId="90.[151,1437,659,2017]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
The typical form and subspecies
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFDEFFD3CFD5258A8" authorityName="Edwards &amp; Gibbins" authorityYear="1939" box="[556,707,659,685]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrophyllus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFDEFFD3CFD5258A8" box="[556,707,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">macrophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were originally described as subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFB19FD3CFEC358D4" authority="Edwards, 1926 a" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vansomereni">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFB19FD3CFA0D58A9" box="[1242,1436,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Cx. vansomereni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA690A0DFF54FD18FEC358D4" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[151,338,695,721]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="101 - 131" refId="ref153898" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1926 a) Mosquito notes. - VI. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 17 (2), 101 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300019143" type="journal article" year="1926">Edwards, 1926a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA690A0DFE9CFD18FD8458D4" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[351,533,695,721]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards (1941)</bibRefCitation>
elevated
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFD45FD18FD7D58D5" box="[646,748,695,720]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toroensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFD45FD18FD7D58D5" box="[646,748,695,720]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">toroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to specific status based on “well-marked larval distinctions from
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFF17FD74FE1358F1" box="[212,386,731,757]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vansomereni">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFF17FD74FE1358F1" box="[212,386,731,757]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">C. vansomereni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, together with the constant difference in pleural scaling”; consequently,
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFB6AFD74FAD158F0" authorityName="Edwards &amp; Gibbins" authorityYear="1939" box="[1193,1344,731,757]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrophyllus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFB6AFD74FAD158F0" box="[1193,1344,731,757]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">macrophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
became a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFE88FD50FE4E591D" box="[331,479,767,793]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toroensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFE88FD50FE4E591D" box="[331,479,767,793]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Cx. toroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA690A0DFE2EFD50FCB1591C" author="Edwards, F. W. &amp; Gibbins, E. G." box="[493,800,767,793]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref154353" refString="Edwards, F. W. &amp; Gibbins, E. G. (1939) Mosquitoes. Ruwenzori Expedition 1934 - 5. Vol. 1. No. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 29 - 33, 1 pl." type="book" year="1939">Edwards &amp; Gibbins (1939)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA690A0DFC9AFD50FB9C591C" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[857,1037,767,793]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards (1941)</bibRefCitation>
distinguished the subspecies based solely on features of the male genitalia. In the typical form, foliform seta
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFC08FC8CFC485939" box="[971,985,803,828]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">g</emphasis>
of the subapical lobe is about as long as seta
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFF0AFCE8FF405964" box="[201,209,839,865]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">f</emphasis>
and more or less pointed, the lateral plate of the phallosome has about five denticles and the gonostylus is long and markedly narrowed distally. In comparison, seta
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFD37FCC4FC935981" box="[756,770,875,900]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">g</emphasis>
is much larger than seta
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFBE7FCC4FBBD5980" box="[1060,1068,875,901]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">f</emphasis>
in subspecies
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFB10FCC4FAFB5980" authorityName="Edwards &amp; Gibbins" authorityYear="1939" box="[1235,1386,875,901]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrophyllus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFB10FCC4FAFB5980" box="[1235,1386,875,901]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">macrophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the lateral plate has a slightly different shape with about three denticles and the gonostylus is distinctly shorter and not narrowed distally. The larva of the typical form is known from specimens reared to adults (
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA690A0DFB55FC1CFAAD59C8" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[1174,1340,947,973]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards 1941</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA690A0DFA8BFC1CFF4259F4" author="Service, M. W." pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref177903" refString="Service, M. W. (1959) The morphology of some new culicine larvae from the southern Cameroons with notes on Culex (Culex) ingrami Edwards and Culex (Culex) toroensis Edwards. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B: Taxonomy, 28 (1 - 2), 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1959. tb 00118. x" type="journal article" year="1959">Service 1959</bibRefCitation>
). The larva of subspecies
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFE3CFC78FD0759F4" authorityName="Edwards &amp; Gibbins" authorityYear="1939" box="[511,662,983,1009]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrophyllus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFE3CFC78FD0759F4" box="[511,662,983,1009]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">macrophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not definitely known, but larvae associated with adults collected at the
<typeStatus id="41098879BA690A0DFF1EFC54FE9C5E10" box="[221,269,1019,1045]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">type</typeStatus>
locality (
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA690A0DFEBAFC54FD0A5E10" author="Edwards, F. W. &amp; Gibbins, E. G." box="[377,667,1019,1045]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref154353" refString="Edwards, F. W. &amp; Gibbins, E. G. (1939) Mosquitoes. Ruwenzori Expedition 1934 - 5. Vol. 1. No. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 29 - 33, 1 pl." type="book" year="1939">Edwards &amp; Gibbins 1939</bibRefCitation>
) “bore a close resemblance” to the larva of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFB4DFC54FF435E3C" authority="Edwards, 1914" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andersoni">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFB4DFC54FABA5E10" box="[1166,1323,1019,1045]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Cx. andersoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA690A0DFAF0FC54FF435E3C" author="Edwards, F. W." pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="63 - 81" refId="ref153338" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1914) New species of Culicidae in the British Museum, with notes on the genitalia of some African Culex. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 5 (1), 63 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300034568" type="journal article" year="1914">Edwards, 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which is very distinct from the larva of subspecies
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFCF4FBB0FC0C5E3D" box="[823,925,1055,1080]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toroensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFCF4FBB0FC0C5E3D" box="[823,925,1055,1080]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">toroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The larva of the typical form has not been studied in detail—only features of the head and terminal abdominal structures have been described, with special emphasis on the anterior (dorsal) and posterior (ventral) clusters of spines near the apex of the siphon. As noted by
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA690A0DFF54FB24FED15EA0" author="Service, M. W." box="[151,320,1162,1189]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref177903" refString="Service, M. W. (1959) The morphology of some new culicine larvae from the southern Cameroons with notes on Culex (Culex) ingrami Edwards and Culex (Culex) toroensis Edwards. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B: Taxonomy, 28 (1 - 2), 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1959. tb 00118. x" type="journal article" year="1959">Service (1959)</bibRefCitation>
, specimens of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFE2BFB24FDDF5EA1" box="[488,590,1163,1188]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toroensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFE2BFB24FDDF5EA1" box="[488,590,1163,1188]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">toroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFD57FB24FD4C5EA0" box="[660,733,1163,1189]" name="Kenya" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Kenya</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFCD5FB24FCCD5EA0" box="[790,860,1163,1189]" name="Sudan" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Sudan</collectingCountry>
examined in the “British Museum” did not exhibit the arrangement of 18 anterior siphonal spines illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA690A0DFC8EFB00FB905ECC" author="Hopkins, G. H. E." box="[845,1025,1198,1225]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref160249" refString="Hopkins, G. H. E. (1952) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region I. - Larval bionomics of mosquitoes and taxonomy of culicine larvae. 2 nd Edition. British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 355 pp." type="book" year="1952">Hopkins (1952)</bibRefCitation>
, and specimens from elsewhere had 0–9 anterior spines. It should be mentioned, however, that a male from Kisomoro,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFB9AFB7CFB225EE8" box="[1113,1203,1235,1261]" name="Uganda" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Uganda</collectingCountry>
, the
<typeStatus id="41098879BA690A0DFB2EFB7CFA8C5EE8" box="[1261,1309,1235,1261]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFF54FB58FF6C5F15" box="[151,253,1271,1296]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toroensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFF54FB58FF6C5F15" box="[151,253,1271,1296]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">toroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was reared from a “larva similar to that figured by
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA690A0DFC84FB58FC6B5F14" author="Hopkins, G. H. E." box="[839,1018,1271,1297]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref160197" refString="Hopkins, G. H. E. (1936) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region I. - Larval bionomics of mosquitoes and taxonomy of culicine larvae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, (vi) + 250 pp." type="book" year="1936">Hopkins [1936]</bibRefCitation>
… as sp. indet.” (
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA690A0DFB78FB58FF425F30" author="Edwards, F. W. &amp; Gibbins, E. G." pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref154353" refString="Edwards, F. W. &amp; Gibbins, E. G. (1939) Mosquitoes. Ruwenzori Expedition 1934 - 5. Vol. 1. No. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 29 - 33, 1 pl." type="book" year="1939">Edwards &amp; Gibbins 1939</bibRefCitation>
), and was illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA690A0DFE2EFAB4FD315F30" author="Hopkins, G. H. E." box="[493,672,1306,1333]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref160249" refString="Hopkins, G. H. E. (1952) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region I. - Larval bionomics of mosquitoes and taxonomy of culicine larvae. 2 nd Edition. British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 355 pp." type="book" year="1952">Hopkins (1952)</bibRefCitation>
as the larva of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFC94FAB4FC7D5F31" box="[855,1004,1307,1333]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toroensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFC94FAB4FC7D5F31" box="[855,1004,1307,1333]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Cx. toroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Both Hopkins and Service noted the variable presence of 0–3 posterior spines. In agreement with
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA690A0DFC84FA90FC7F5F5C" author="Service, M. W." box="[839,1006,1342,1369]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref177903" refString="Service, M. W. (1959) The morphology of some new culicine larvae from the southern Cameroons with notes on Culex (Culex) ingrami Edwards and Culex (Culex) toroensis Edwards. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B: Taxonomy, 28 (1 - 2), 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1959. tb 00118. x" type="journal article" year="1959">Service (1959)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA690A0DFBE6FA90FB3E5F5C" author="Jupp, P. G." box="[1061,1199,1343,1369]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref161745" refString="Jupp, P. G. (1996) Mosquitoes of southern Africa: Culicinae and Toxorhynchitinae. Ekogilde Publishers, Hartebeespoort, 156 pp." type="book" year="1996">Jupp (1996)</bibRefCitation>
, the variable number of apical siphonal spines makes it impossible to reliably identify the species,
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFBC6FACCFBBC5F79" box="[1029,1069,1379,1404]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">e.g.</emphasis>
to distinguish larvae from those of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFF74FA28FEE55FA5" box="[183,372,1415,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vansomereni">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFF74FA28FEE55FA5" box="[183,372,1415,1441]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Cx. vansomereni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. On the other hand, we feel that such variation may be an indication of a complex of closely related species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA690A0CFF04FA60FDCA5880" blockId="90.[151,1437,659,2017]" lastBlockId="91.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
Oddly,
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA690A0DFED9FA60FDDA5FEC" author="Edwards, F. W. &amp; Gibbins, E. G." box="[282,587,1487,1513]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref154353" refString="Edwards, F. W. &amp; Gibbins, E. G. (1939) Mosquitoes. Ruwenzori Expedition 1934 - 5. Vol. 1. No. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 29 - 33, 1 pl." type="book" year="1939">Edwards &amp; Gibbins (1939)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFD06FA60FCCD5FEC" authorityName="Edwards &amp; Gibbins" authorityYear="1939" box="[709,860,1487,1513]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrophyllus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFD06FA60FCCD5FEC" box="[709,860,1487,1513]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">macrophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(p. 31) prior to describing
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFB4EFA60FB625FED" box="[1165,1267,1487,1512]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toroensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFB4EFA60FB625FED" box="[1165,1267,1487,1512]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">toroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(p. 32); hence,
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFF54FA5CFEBF5C08" authorityName="Edwards &amp; Gibbins" authorityYear="1939" box="[151,302,1523,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrophyllus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFF54FA5CFEBF5C08" box="[151,302,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">macrophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could have been taken as the nominotypical species with
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFC61FA5CFB995C09" box="[930,1032,1523,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toroensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFC61FA5CFB995C09" box="[930,1032,1523,1548]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">toroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFB10FA5CFA045C08" authorityName="Edwards &amp; Gibbins" authorityYear="1939" box="[1235,1429,1523,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrophyllus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFB10FA5CFA045C08" box="[1235,1429,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Cx. macrophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Mattingly (1956) revealed that
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFE3BF9B8FD1E5C34" authorityName="Edwards &amp; Gibbins" authorityYear="1939" box="[504,655,1559,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrophyllus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFE3BF9B8FD1E5C34" box="[504,655,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">macrophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA690A0DFCB8F9B8FC765C34" box="[891,999,1559,1585]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="male">six males</specimenCount>
, five with dissected genitalia, and
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA690A0DFAADF9B8FF7F5C50" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="female">four females</specimenCount>
collected at “Lugezi Camp between Mt. Mgahinga [Mt Gahinga] and Mt. Sabinio [Mt Sabyinyo]” located at the extreme southwestern fringe of
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFD8CF9F0FD375C7C" box="[591,678,1631,1657]" name="Uganda" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Uganda</collectingCountry>
along the border with
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFC72F9F0FB9C5C7C" box="[945,1037,1631,1657]" name="Rwanda" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
[actually, Mt Sabyinyo, an extinct volcano, is situated at the intersection of present-day
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFCC1F92CFB095C98" box="[770,1176,1667,1693]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFB65F92CFA935C98" box="[1190,1282,1667,1693]" name="Rwanda" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFAFDF92CFA095C98" box="[1342,1432,1667,1693]" name="Uganda" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Uganda</collectingCountry>
, and Mt Gahinga, a dormant/extinct volcano, is on the border between
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFC07F908FBB15CC4" box="[964,1056,1703,1729]" name="Rwanda" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFB9FF908FB285CC4" box="[1116,1209,1703,1729]" name="Uganda" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Uganda</collectingCountry>
]. Lugezi Camp was apparently located on the
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFE7FF964FD825CE0" box="[444,531,1739,1765]" name="Uganda" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Uganda</collectingCountry>
side of the current border with
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFCB9F964FC485CE0" box="[890,985,1739,1765]" name="Rwanda" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
. The two mountains were located in the former
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA690A0DFF2AF940FE005D0C" box="[233,401,1775,1801]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Kigezi District</collectingRegion>
, which included flanking areas of the two currently neighboring countries. The former
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA690A0DFA91F940FF7A5D28" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Kigezi District</collectingRegion>
now includes the
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA690A0DFE78F8BCFD9C5D28" box="[443,525,1811,1837]" country="Uganda" name="Kabale" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Kabale</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA690A0DFDD9F8BCFD155D28" box="[538,644,1811,1837]" country="Uganda" name="Kanungu" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Kanungu</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA690A0DFD4CF8BCFD4A5D28" box="[655,731,1811,1837]" country="Uganda" name="Kisoro" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Kisoro</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA690A0DFCD7F8BCFC175D28" box="[788,902,1811,1837]" country="Uganda" name="Rukungiri" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Rukungiri</collectingRegion>
Districts and the two mountains are situated at the margins of the
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA690A0DFEA8F898FD865D54" box="[363,535,1847,1873]" country="Uganda" name="Kisoro" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Kisoro District</collectingRegion>
.
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA690A0DFDE1F898FD475D54" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[546,726,1847,1873]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards (1941)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFCBDF898FB845D54" authorityName="Edwards &amp; Gibbins" authorityYear="1939" box="[894,1045,1847,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrophyllus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFCBDF898FB845D54" box="[894,1045,1847,1873]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">macrophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found at the “Saddle between Mts. Mgadinga and Sabinio,
<quantity id="594A9B3EBA690A0DFE20F8F4FDAD5D70" box="[483,572,1883,1909]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4384" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="ft" value="8000.0">8000 ft.</quantity>
[
<quantity id="594A9B3EBA690A0DFD89F8F4FD215D70" box="[586,688,1883,1909]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.438" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="m" value="2.438">2,438 m</quantity>
]”, but according to
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA690A0DFC52F8F4FB575D70" author="Edwards, F. W. &amp; Gibbins, E. G." box="[913,1222,1883,1909]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref154353" refString="Edwards, F. W. &amp; Gibbins, E. G. (1939) Mosquitoes. Ruwenzori Expedition 1934 - 5. Vol. 1. No. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 29 - 33, 1 pl." type="book" year="1939">Edwards &amp; Gibbins (1939)</bibRefCitation>
Lugezi Camp was located at the side of “Mt. Sabinio” at an elevation of “
<quantity id="594A9B3EBA690A0DFCD1F8D0FC1B5D9C" box="[786,906,1919,1945]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2202667999999999" metricValueMax="2.4384" metricValueMin="0.0021336" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="ft" value="4003.5" valueMax="8000.0" valueMin="7.0">7–8000 ft.</quantity>
[
<quantity id="594A9B3EBA690A0DFC5AF8D1FBDD5D9C" box="[921,1100,1918,1945]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2865" metricValueMax="2.438" metricValueMin="2.135" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="m" value="2.2865" valueMax="2.438" valueMin="2.135">
<geoCoordinate id="FB86501CBA690A0DFC5AF8D1FC485D9C" box="[921,985,1918,1945]" degrees="2,135" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" precision="55" value="2.135">2,135</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="FB86501CBA690A0DFC1AF8D1FBB65D9C" box="[985,1063,1918,1945]" degrees="2,438" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" precision="55" value="-2.438">–2,438</geoCoordinate>
m
</quantity>
]”. Mattingly (1956) observed that
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA690A0DFF09F80CFEA15DB9" box="[202,304,1955,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toroensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA690A0DFF09F80CFEA15DB9" box="[202,304,1955,1980]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">toroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA690A0DFDE2F80CFD0B5DB8" box="[545,666,1955,1981]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="male">five males</specimenCount>
, two incomplete and three with dissected genitalia, and
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA690A0DFADCF80CFA0D5DB8" box="[1311,1436,1955,1981]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
from Kisomoro,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA690A0DFE9BF868FE3E5DE4" box="[344,431,1991,2017]" name="Uganda" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Uganda</collectingCountry>
and
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA690A0DFE28F868FDF75DE4" box="[491,614,1991,2017]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="male">nine males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA690A0DFD61F868FCA25DE4" box="[674,819,1991,2017]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="female">nine females</specimenCount>
from Kararama Camp in the Namwamba Valley, and designated a male with dissected genitalia from Kisomoro as the name-bearing
<typeStatus id="41098879BA680A0CFBFAFF38FB325AB4" box="[1081,1187,151,177]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
. Kisomoro (elevation
<quantity id="594A9B3EBA680A0CFF54FF14FF665AD0" box="[151,247,187,213]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.492" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" unit="m" value="1.492">1,492 m</quantity>
), situated in the
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA680A0CFE71FF14FD0A5AD0" box="[434,667,187,213]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Bunyangabu District</collectingRegion>
in the Western Region of
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA680A0CFC07FF14FB8F5AD0" box="[964,1054,187,213]" name="Uganda" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Uganda</collectingCountry>
, is located approximately
<quantity id="594A9B3EBA680A0CFA84FF14FA0D5AD0" box="[1351,1436,187,213]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" unit="km" value="240.0">240 km</quantity>
north of the type locality of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA680A0CFE0FFF70FDF25AFC" authorityName="Edwards &amp; Gibbins" authorityYear="1939" box="[460,611,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrophyllus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA680A0CFE0FFF70FDF25AFC" box="[460,611,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">macrophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is interesting that the following statement made by
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA680A0CFB7CFF70FF735B18" author="Edwards, F. W. &amp; Gibbins, E. G." pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refId="ref154353" refString="Edwards, F. W. &amp; Gibbins, E. G. (1939) Mosquitoes. Ruwenzori Expedition 1934 - 5. Vol. 1. No. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 29 - 33, 1 pl." type="book" year="1939">Edwards &amp; Gibbins (1939)</bibRefCitation>
regarding
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA680A0CFE9FFEACFE535B19" box="[348,450,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toroensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA680A0CFE9FFEACFE535B19" box="[348,450,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">toroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was apparently overlooked by later workers: “These specimens [from Kararama Camp, Namwamba Valley] have the male hypopygium [genitalia] almost exactly as in the typical form [
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA680A0CFB0CFE88FACC5B45" box="[1231,1373,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vansomereni">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA680A0CFB0CFE88FACC5B45" box="[1231,1373,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">vansomereni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], and do not show the enlarged leaf and other slight peculiarities seen in specimens from Kigezi [
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA680A0CFB4DFEE4FB205B61" box="[1166,1201,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">i.e.</emphasis>
Lugezi Camp].” The Namwamba Valley is located approximately
<quantity id="594A9B3EBA680A0CFD5BFEC0FD705B8C" box="[664,737,367,393]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" unit="km" value="37.0">37 km</quantity>
southwest of Kisomoro, indicating that
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA680A0CFB6DFEC0FA855B8D" box="[1198,1300,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toroensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA680A0CFB6DFEC0FA855B8D" box="[1198,1300,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">toroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is probably widely distributed in the mountainous regions of western
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA680A0CFCD2FE3CFCFD5BA8" box="[785,876,403,429]" name="Uganda" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Uganda</collectingCountry>
. In view of the differences in structures of the male genitalia of the two forms, especially the very different gonostylus, the extensive variation observed in the anterior siphonal spines of larvae identified as
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA680A0CFD87FE74FD3B5BF1" box="[580,682,475,500]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toroensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA680A0CFD87FE74FD3B5BF1" box="[580,682,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">toroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggesting that it may be a species complex, the likelihood that the larva of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA680A0CFF35FE50FE1C581C" authorityName="Edwards &amp; Gibbins" authorityYear="1939" box="[246,397,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrophyllus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA680A0CFF35FE50FE1C581C" box="[246,397,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">macrophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to the larva of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA680A0CFD6FFE50FCDB581C" box="[684,842,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andersoni">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA680A0CFD6FFE50FCDB581C" box="[684,842,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Cx. andersoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the probability that
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA680A0CFBA4FE50FB5C581D" box="[1127,1229,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toroensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA680A0CFBA4FE50FB5C581D" box="[1127,1229,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">toroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA680A0CFAC6FE50FA0D581C" authorityName="Edwards &amp; Gibbins" authorityYear="1939" box="[1285,1436,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrophyllus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA680A0CFAC6FE50FA0D581C" box="[1285,1436,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">macrophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are likely to occur in sympatry, we feel confident that the latter form is a separate species and hereby formally accord it specific status:
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA680A0CFE9FFDE9FC735865" authority="Edwards &amp; Gibbins, 1939" authorityName="Edwards &amp; Gibbins" authorityYear="1939" box="[348,994,582,609]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrophyllus" subGenus="Culex">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA680A0CFE9FFDE9FC735865" bold="true" box="[348,994,582,609]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA680A0CFE9FFDE9FE315864" bold="true" box="[348,416,582,609]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Culex</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA680A0CFE72FDE9FE645864" bold="true" box="[433,501,582,609]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Culex</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA680A0CFDC4FDE9FD355864" bold="true" box="[519,676,582,609]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">macrophyllus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA680A0CFD68FDE8FC735865" author="Edwards, F. W. &amp; Gibbins, E. G." box="[683,994,582,609]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refId="ref154353" refString="Edwards, F. W. &amp; Gibbins, E. G. (1939) Mosquitoes. Ruwenzori Expedition 1934 - 5. Vol. 1. No. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 29 - 33, 1 pl." type="book" year="1939">Edwards &amp; Gibbins, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA680A0CFC32FDE8FB405864" authorityName="Edwards &amp; Gibbins" authorityYear="1939" box="[1009,1233,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrophyllus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA680A0CFC32FDE8FB405864" box="[1009,1233,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Culex macrophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently listed as a species in the Encyclopedia of Life.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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