289 lines
32 KiB
XML
289 lines
32 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="DFDE5DE209CC11CD8278197B1CBC458B">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C71982EB4E2DAC828C28F40397F021E7">Harbach, Ralph E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A8E69F96620C70F0B9A00EB99780A96A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F6350E33B76102F98871B6BA27DCE186">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBA670A02FF54F9F5FE7D58AC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8064235" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700509" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8064235" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA670A02FF54F9F5FE7D58AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBA670A02FF54F9F5FE7D58AC" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA670A03FF54F9F5FDB75C70" box="[151,550,1626,1653]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA670A03FF54F9F5FDB75C70" blockId="84.[151,550,1626,1653]" box="[151,550,1626,1653]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<heading id="C54581B7BA670A03FF54F9F5FDB75C70" bold="true" box="[151,550,1626,1653]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA670A03FF54F9F5FDB75C70" ID-CoL="8BMK9" authority="Blanchard" authorityName="Blanchard" box="[151,550,1626,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guiarti" subGenus="Culex">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA670A03FF54F9F5FDB75C70" bold="true" box="[151,550,1626,1653]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA670A03FF54F9F5FF4E5C70" bold="true" box="[151,223,1626,1653]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Culex</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA670A03FF33F9F5FEA95C70" bold="true" box="[240,312,1626,1653]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Culex</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA670A03FE8AF9F4FE0A5C70" bold="true" box="[329,411,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">guiarti</emphasis>
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Blanchard
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA670A03FF54F930FC135D54" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA670A03FF54F930FAE75D16" blockId="84.[151,1437,1695,1873]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA670A03FECFF930FD915CB2" ID-CoL="8BMK9" authority="Blanchard, 1905" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1905" box="[268,512,1695,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guiarti">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA670A03FECFF930FEC35CB2" bold="true" box="[268,338,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">guiarti</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA670A03FE99F930FD915CB2" author="Blanchard, R." box="[346,512,1695,1719]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refId="ref145575" refString="Blanchard, R. (1905) Les moustiques, histoire naturelle et medicale. F. R. de Rudeval, Imprimeur-Editeur, Paris, xiii + 673 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 100899" type="book" year="1905">Blanchard, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA670A03FCC2F930FC185CB2" ID-CoL="8BMK9" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1905" box="[769,905,1695,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guiarti">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA670A03FCC2F930FC185CB2" box="[769,905,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Culex guiarti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
[
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA670A03FC5AF90FFBB85CB2" box="[921,1065,1696,1719]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">nomen novum</emphasis>
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for
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA670A03FB95F930FA035CB2" ID-CoL="88G6D" authority="Theobald, 1903 a" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[1110,1426,1695,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA670A03FB95F930FB4B5CB2" box="[1110,1242,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Culex viridis</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA670A03FB21F930FA035CB2" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[1250,1426,1695,1719]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refId="ref181601" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1903 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, xvii + 1 (errata) + 359 pp., foldout table, 17 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1903">Theobald, 1903a</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
]. Distribution:
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA670A03FE8DF911FE1C5CD3" box="[334,397,1726,1750]" name="Benin" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Benin</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA670A03FE55F911FD8E5CD0" box="[406,543,1726,1750]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA670A03FDEBF911FD055CD3" box="[552,660,1726,1750]" name="Cameroon" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA670A03FD5EF911FC0D5CD3" box="[669,924,1726,1750]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA670A03FC66F911FBBE5CD3" box="[933,1071,1726,1750]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA670A03FBFBF911FA095CD3" box="[1080,1432,1726,1750]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA670A03FF04F973FE9C5CF1" box="[199,269,1756,1780]" name="Gabon" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Gabon</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA670A03FEDAF973FEFD5CF1" box="[281,364,1756,1780]" name="Gambia" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Gambia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA670A03FEBBF973FE2C5CF1" box="[376,445,1756,1780]" name="Ghana" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Ghana</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA670A03FE0AF972FD9F5CF0" box="[457,526,1757,1781]" name="Kenya" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA670A03FDD9F973FDF75CF1" box="[538,614,1756,1780]" name="Liberia" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Liberia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA670A03FDB1F973FD7F5CF1" box="[626,750,1756,1780]" name="Madagascar" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA670A03FD39F973FCBD5CF1" box="[762,812,1756,1780]" name="Serbia" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Mali</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA670A03FCFAF973FC505CF1" box="[825,961,1756,1780]" name="Mozambique" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA670A03FC0EF973FB8D5CF1" box="[973,1052,1756,1780]" name="Nigeria" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA670A03FBEBF973FA865CF0" box="[1064,1303,1756,1781]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA670A03FAE0F973FA0D5CF1" box="[1315,1436,1756,1780]" name="South Africa" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Republic of</collectingCountry>
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South Africa,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA670A03FE96F954FE395D16" box="[341,424,1787,1811]" name="Senegal" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Senegal</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA670A03FE72F954FDA45D16" box="[433,565,1787,1811]" name="South Sudan" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA670A03FDFDF954FD0D5D16" box="[574,668,1787,1811]" name="Tanzania" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA670A03FD65F954FD645D16" box="[678,757,1787,1811]" name="Uganda" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA670A03FCC1F954FC705D16" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[770,993,1787,1811]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Wilkerson
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA670A03FCB0F953FC0E5D16" box="[883,927,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but not
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA670A03FBFBF954FBEB5D16" box="[1080,1146,1787,1811]" name="Sudan" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA670A03FB68F954FAFB5D16" author="Simsaa, M. A. A. & Harbach, R. E. & Almalik, A. M. A. & Ahmed, E. M. & Esia, A. A. & Mohamed, A. H. & Azrag, R. S." box="[1195,1386,1787,1811]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="401 - 411" refId="ref178377" refString="Simsaa, M. A. A., Harbach, R. E., Almalik, A. M. A., Ahmed, E. M., Esia, A. A., Mohamed, A. H. & Azrag, R. S. (2021) Culex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) recorded along the Nile River in northern Sudan, with a key for the identification of all species of the genus known to occur in the country. Zootaxa, 4963 (3), 401 - 411. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4963.3.1" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Simsaa
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA670A03FB38F953FAB65D16" box="[1275,1319,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA670A03FF54F8B5FC135D54" blockId="84.[151,1437,1695,1873]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA670A03FECFF8B6FD845D37" ID-CoL="88G3D" authority="Edwards, 1941" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1941" box="[268,533,1817,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sudanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA670A03FECFF8B6FEE75D34" bold="true" box="[268,374,1817,1841]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">sudanicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA670A03FEBDF8B5FD845D37" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[382,533,1818,1842]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—original combination:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA670A03FCD4F8B5FBAA5D37" ID-CoL="88G3D" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1941" box="[791,1083,1818,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="guiarti" variety="sudanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA670A03FCD4F8B5FC0E5D34" box="[791,927,1818,1842]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Culex guiarti</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA670A03FC15F8B5FBAA5D37" box="[982,1083,1818,1842]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">sudanicus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(subspecific status by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA670A03FAE9F8B5FA0C5D37" author="Harbach, R. E. & Howard, T. M." box="[1322,1437,1818,1842]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="35 - 48" refId="ref158836" refString="Harbach, R. E. & Howard, T. M. (2007) Corrections in the status and rank of names used to denote varietal forms of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Zootaxa, 1542 (1), 35 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1542.1.3" type="journal article" year="2007">Harbach &</bibRefCitation>
|
||
Howard 2007). Distribution:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA670A03FE2CF897FDA55D55" box="[495,564,1848,1872]" name="Ghana" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA670A03FDFDF897FCEE5D54" ID-CoL="8F54X" authority="(Wilkerson et al. 2021)" baseAuthorityName="Wilkerson" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[574,895,1848,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeria">
|
||
Nigeria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA670A03FD55F897FCE65D54" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[662,887,1848,1873]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Wilkerson
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA670A03FCC4F896FCA55D55" box="[775,820,1848,1872]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA670A02FF54F8D0FE7D58AC" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA670A03FF54F8D0FE615DE4" blockId="84.[151,1436,1919,2017]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA670A03FF54F8D0FE335D9C" box="[151,418,1919,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="guiarti" subSpecies="sudanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA670A03FF54F8D0FE335D9C" box="[151,418,1919,1945]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Culex guiarti sudanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described and named as a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA670A03FCB3F8D0FC7F5D9C" box="[880,1006,1919,1945]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" rank="variety" variety="that">variety that</taxonomicName>
|
||
was considered to be morphologically “Intermediate between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA670A03FE5FF80CFD995DB9" box="[412,520,1955,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guiarti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA670A03FE5FF80CFD995DB9" box="[412,520,1955,1981]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">C. guiarti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA670A03FDFDF80CFC105DB8" authority="" (Edwards 1941)" authorityName="" (Edwards" authorityYear="1941" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[574,897,1955,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weschei">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA670A03FDFDF80CFD265DB8" box="[574,695,1955,1981]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">C. weschei</emphasis>
|
||
” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA670A03FD12F80CFCE95DB8" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[721,888,1955,1981]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It was recognized as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA670A03FAE0F80CFA0D5DB9" box="[1315,1436,1955,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guiarti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA670A03FAE0F80CFA0D5DB9" box="[1315,1436,1955,1981]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Cx. guiarti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA670A03FF79F868FE7D5DE4" author="Harbach, R. E. & Howard, T. M." box="[186,492,1991,2017]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="35 - 48" refId="ref158836" refString="Harbach, R. E. & Howard, T. M. (2007) Corrections in the status and rank of names used to denote varietal forms of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Zootaxa, 1542 (1), 35 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1542.1.3" type="journal article" year="2007">Harbach & Howard (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA660A02FF04FF38FE7D58AC" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA660A02FF04FF38FEEA5AB4" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[199,379,151,177]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA660A02FE3BFF38FDF95AB4" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1941" box="[504,616,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sudanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA660A02FE3BFF38FDF95AB4" box="[504,616,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">sudanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembled the nominotypical form in having the proboscis entirely dark-scaled, the abdominal sterna with dark apical bands and the distal half of the midfemur extensively dark-scaled dorsally in posterior view, but exhibited the following differences: Scutal integument uniformly brownish, not paler on the fossae (shoulders), scales nearly entirely pale and coarser; mesokatepisternal scales more numerous, the upper and lower patches almost contiguous; proepisternal scales and setae also more numerous; anterior scales of forecoxa all pale; male genitalia as in the typical form, gonostylus not unusually broad (moderately broad and rather suddenly narrowed apically in the typical form). The larva is known for the typical form (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA660A02FB4DFEC0FAA35B8C" author="Hopkins, G. H. E." box="[1166,1330,366,393]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref160249" refString="Hopkins, G. H. E. (1952) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region I. - Larval bionomics of mosquitoes and taxonomy of culicine larvae. 2 nd Edition. British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 355 pp." type="book" year="1952">Hopkins 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but it is not known for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA660A02FE83FE3CFE215BA8" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1941" box="[320,432,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sudanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA660A02FE83FE3CFE215BA8" box="[320,432,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">sudanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The typical form has been recorded from many countries in sub-Sharan Africa whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA660A02FF54FE18FE965BD4" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,263,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sudanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA660A02FF54FE18FE965BD4" box="[151,263,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">sudanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA660A02FDC7FE18FDDC5BD4" box="[516,589,439,465]" name="Ghana" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA660A02FD41FE18FC735BD4" authority="(Wilkerson et al. 2021)" baseAuthorityName="Wilkerson" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[642,994,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeria">
|
||
Nigeria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA660A02FD27FE18FC4B5BD4" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[740,986,439,465]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Wilkerson
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA660A02FCA3FE18FC005BD4" box="[864,913,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based on the paucity of morphological data and the fact that the typical form has also been recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA660A02FC5EFE74FC775BF0" box="[925,998,475,501]" name="Ghana" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA660A02FBE3FE74FBE65BF0" box="[1056,1143,475,501]" name="Nigeria" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, we believe that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA660A02FAF9FE74FF73581C" author="Edwards, F. W." pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was correct in describing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA660A02FDC2FE50FDE0581C" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1941" box="[513,625,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sudanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA660A02FDC2FE50FDE0581C" box="[513,625,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">sudanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a morphological variant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA660A02FC7CFE50FBA7581D" box="[959,1078,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guiarti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA660A02FC7CFE50FBA7581D" box="[959,1078,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Cx. guiarti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Consequently, it seems prudent to formally recognize
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA660A02FE51FD8CFD935838" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1941" box="[402,514,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sudanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA660A02FE51FD8CFD935838" box="[402,514,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">sudanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonymous name:
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA660A02FCE3FD8DFD115865" bold="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA660A02FCE3FD8DFBC05839" authority="Edwards, 1941" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1941" box="[800,1105,546,573]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sudanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA660A02FCE3FD8DFC045838" bold="true" box="[800,917,546,573]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">sudanicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA660A02FC5EFD8CFBC05839" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[925,1105,546,573]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, junior subjective synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA660A02FF74FDE9FD115865" authority="Blanchard, 1905" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1905" box="[183,640,582,609]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guiarti" subGenus="Culex">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA660A02FF74FDE9FF6A5864" bold="true" box="[183,251,582,609]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Culex</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA660A02FECDFDE9FEC35864" bold="true" box="[270,338,582,609]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Culex</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA660A02FEA7FDE8FE235864" bold="true" box="[356,434,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">guiarti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA660A02FE78FDE8FD115865" author="Blanchard, R." box="[443,640,582,609]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref145575" refString="Blanchard, R. (1905) Les moustiques, histoire naturelle et medicale. F. R. de Rudeval, Imprimeur-Editeur, Paris, xiii + 673 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 100899" type="book" year="1905">Blanchard, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA660A02FD5FFDE8FCC75864" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1941" box="[668,854,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sudanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA660A02FD5FFDE8FCC75864" box="[668,854,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Culex sudanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” should be removed from the list of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA660A02FAC2FDE8FA0D5864" box="[1281,1436,583,609]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA660A02FAC2FDE8FAD35864" box="[1281,1346,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Culex</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included in the Encyclopedia of Life. We retain a second synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA660A02FC61FDC4FBA75881" box="[930,1078,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guiarti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA660A02FC61FDC4FBA75881" box="[930,1078,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Culex guiarti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA660A02FB87FDC4FA095880" authority="Theobald, 1903 a" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[1092,1432,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA660A02FB87FDC4FB455880" box="[1092,1236,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Culex viridis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA660A02FB1AFDC4FA095880" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[1241,1432,619,645]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref181601" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1903 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, xvii + 1 (errata) + 359 pp., foldout table, 17 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1903">Theobald, 1903a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described from Buse,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA660A02FE4EFD20FE7958AC" box="[397,488,655,681]" name="Uganda" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |