304 lines
35 KiB
XML
304 lines
35 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="4339AB10EF90676B88B423DF6ED82292">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AFF69D7BDF6F643595FBA2F695F63A4A">Harbach, Ralph E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7FA2C8E0A82EEC19D061535DA2753DF0">Wilkerson, Richard C.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBA5A0A3EFF54FF38FF7D5C88" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8064273" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700511" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8064273" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA5A0A3EFF54FF38FF7D5C88" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBA5A0A3EFF54FF38FF7D5C88" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA5A0A3EFF54FF38FD055AB4" box="[151,660,151,178]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5A0A3EFF54FF38FD055AB4" blockId="105.[151,660,151,178]" box="[151,660,151,178]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<heading id="C54581B7BA5A0A3EFF54FF38FD055AB4" bold="true" box="[151,660,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFF54FF38FD055AB4" ID-CoL="8BNBK" ID-ENA="2563468" authority="Edwards" authorityName="Edwards" box="[151,660,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantapex" subGenus="Oculeomyia">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFF54FF38FD055AB4" bold="true" box="[151,660,151,178]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFF54FF38FF4E5AB7" bold="true" box="[151,223,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Culex</emphasis>
|
||
(
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFF33FF38FE105AB7" bold="true" box="[240,385,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Oculeomyia</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFE51FF38FD8C5AB4" bold="true" box="[402,541,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">aurantapex</emphasis>
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Edwards
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA5A0A3EFF54FF73FB975BEC" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5A0A3EFF54FF73FE985B34" blockId="105.[151,1437,220,489]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFED2FF73FDA25AF1" ID-CoL="8BNBK" authority="Edwards, 1914" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1914" box="[273,563,220,244]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantapex">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFED2FF73FE185AF6" bold="true" box="[273,393,220,243]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">aurantapex</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFE55FF73FDA25AF1" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[406,563,220,244]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="63 - 81" refId="ref153338" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1914) New species of Culicidae in the British Museum, with notes on the genitalia of some African Culex. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 5 (1), 63 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300034568" type="journal article" year="1914">Edwards, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFCFEFF73FC695AF6" ID-CoL="8BNBK" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1914" box="[829,1016,220,244]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantapex">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFCFEFF73FC695AF6" box="[829,1016,220,244]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Culex aurantapex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Distribution:
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5A0A3EFB58FF73FEA35B17" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5A0A3EFE81FF54FE165B16" box="[322,391,251,275]" name="Kenya" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5A0A3EFE55FF55FD835B17" box="[406,530,250,274]" name="Madagascar" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5A0A3EFDE2FF55FD385B17" box="[545,681,250,274]" name="Mozambique" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5A0A3EFD7AFF55FCD05B17" box="[697,833,250,274]" name="South Africa" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5A0A3EFC92FF55FC0F5B17" box="[849,926,250,274]" name="Zambia" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFC72FF55FB315B17" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[945,1184,250,274]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
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Wilkerson
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFBE4FF54FBC85B17" box="[1063,1113,250,274]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2021
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
), also
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5A0A3EFB2FFF55FAC95B17" box="[1260,1368,250,274]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFAA8FF55FF6F5B34" author="Jupp, P. G." pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref161745" refString="Jupp, P. G. (1996) Mosquitoes of southern Africa: Culicinae and Toxorhynchitinae. Ekogilde Publishers, Hartebeespoort, 156 pp." type="book" year="1996">Jupp 1996</bibRefCitation>
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).
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5A0A3EFF54FE97FEBB5BAE" blockId="105.[151,1437,220,489]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFEC8FE98FD0E5B4A" authority="Ovazza, Hamon & Neri, 1956" authorityName="Ovazza, Hamon & Neri" authorityYear="1956" box="[267,671,311,336]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ellinorae">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFEC8FE98FEF95B4A" bold="true" box="[267,360,311,335]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">ellinorae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFEADFE97FD0E5B4A" author="Ovazza, M. & Hamon, J. & Neri, P." box="[366,671,311,336]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="151 - 182" refId="ref172405" refString="Ovazza, M., Hamon, J. & Neri, P. (1956) Contribution a l'etude des dipteres vulnerants de l'empire d'Ethiopie. I. Culicidae. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie exotique, 49 (1), 151 - 182." type="journal article" year="1956">Ovazza, Hamon & Neri, 1956</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFC5EFE97FAA55B55" authorityName="Ovazza, Hamon & Neri" authorityYear="1956" box="[925,1332,312,336]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="aurantapex" subGenus="Culex" variety="ellinorae">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFC5EFE97FC495B55" box="[925,984,312,336]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Culex</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFC24FE97FBB35B55" box="[999,1058,312,336]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Culex</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFBF1FE97FB345B4A" box="[1074,1189,312,335]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">aurantapex</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFB1AFE97FAA55B55" box="[1241,1332,312,336]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">ellinorae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(although originally designated a variety,
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFDCDFEF9FDF85B6B" authorityName="Ovazza, Hamon & Neri" authorityYear="1956" box="[526,617,342,366]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ellinorae">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFDCDFEF9FDF85B6B" box="[526,617,342,366]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">ellinorae</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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is a replacement name for a recognized subspecies (
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFB52FEF9FF6A5B88" authority="van Someren, 1945" authorityName="van Someren" authorityYear="1945" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abyssinicus">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFB52FEF9FA975B6B" box="[1169,1286,342,366]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">abyssinicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFACCFEF8FF6A5B88" author="van Someren, E. C. C." pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="77 - 80" refId="ref183152" refString="van Someren, E. C. C. (1945) Ethiopian Culicidae: Descriptions of two East African culicine larvae, not hitherto described, and a new subspecies from Abyssinia (Diptera). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B: Taxonomy, 14 (5 - 6), 77 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1945. tb 00024. x" type="journal article" year="1945">van Someren, 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
) and has been recognized as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFD0FFED9FCAE5B88" ID-CoL="8BNBK" authority="Edwards, 1914" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1914" box="[716,831,374,397]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantapex">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFD0FFED9FCAE5B88" box="[716,831,374,397]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">aurantapex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
since
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFC40FEDAFBA75B88" author="Stone, A. & Knight, K. L. & Starcke, H." box="[899,1078,373,397]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref180004" refString="Stone, A., Knight, K. L. & Starcke, H. (1959) A synoptic catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera, Culicidae). The Thomas Say Foundation. Vol. VI. Entomological Society of America, College Park, Maryland, vi + 358 pp." type="book" year="1959">
|
||
Stone
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFC07FED9FC635B88" box="[964,1010,373,397]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1959
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Distribution:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5A0A3EFB12FEDAFAB65B88" box="[1233,1319,373,397]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFAF6FEDAFE8E5BAE" author="Ovazza, M. & Hamon, J. & Neri, P." pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="151 - 182" refId="ref172405" refString="Ovazza, M., Hamon, J. & Neri, P. (1956) Contribution a l'etude des dipteres vulnerants de l'empire d'Ethiopie. I. Culicidae. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie exotique, 49 (1), 151 - 182." type="journal article" year="1956">
|
||
Ovazza
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFA49FED9FF4A5BA9" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1956
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5A0A3EFF54FE1DFB975BEC" blockId="105.[151,1437,220,489]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFECFFE1DFD815BCF" authority="Edwards, 1941" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1941" box="[268,528,434,458]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jinjaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFECFFE1DFEE15BCF" bold="true" box="[268,368,434,458]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">jinjaensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFEBAFE1DFD815BCF" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[377,528,434,458]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—original combination:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFCD1FE1DFB245BCF" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1941" box="[786,1205,434,458]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="aurantapex" subGenus="Culex" variety="jinjaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFCD1FE1DFCDC5BCF" box="[786,845,434,458]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Culex</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFC9DFE1DFC085BCF" box="[862,921,434,458]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Culex</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFC69FE1CFB8C5BCF" box="[938,1053,435,458]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">aurantapex</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFB97FE1CFB245BCF" box="[1108,1205,435,458]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">jinjaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(subspecific status by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFF04FE7EFE5D5BEC" author="Harbach, R. E. & Howard, T. M." box="[199,460,465,489]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="35 - 48" refId="ref158836" refString="Harbach, R. E. & Howard, T. M. (2007) Corrections in the status and rank of names used to denote varietal forms of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Zootaxa, 1542 (1), 35 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1542.1.3" type="journal article" year="2007">Harbach & Howard 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Distribution:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5A0A3EFDA6FE7EFD275BEC" box="[613,694,465,489]" name="Uganda" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5A0A3EFD03FE7EFC9C5BEC" box="[704,781,465,489]" name="Zambia" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFCD8FE7EFC6A5BEC" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[795,1019,465,489]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Wilkerson
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFC48FE7DFC295BEC" box="[907,952,465,489]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA5A0A3EFF54FDB8FF7D5C88" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5A0A3EFF54FDB8FBCC5954" blockId="105.[151,1437,535,1677]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFF54FDB8FECE5834" box="[151,351,535,561]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantapex">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFF54FDB8FECE5834" box="[151,351,535,561]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Culex aurantapex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from a single female collected in Nairobi,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5A0A3EFC20FDB7FBBD5837" box="[995,1068,536,562]" name="Kenya" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFBF8FDB8FB705834" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[1083,1249,535,561]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="63 - 81" refId="ref153338" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1914) New species of Culicidae in the British Museum, with notes on the genitalia of some African Culex. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 5 (1), 63 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300034568" type="journal article" year="1914">Edwards 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a black species with distinctive abdominal scaling—“segments 2–4 black-scaled (dorsally), with a few scattered orange scales; segments 5–8 almost entirely orange-scaled both above and below [terga and sterna].”
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFBB7FDF0FAB9587C" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[1140,1320,607,633]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFF54FD2BFE935898" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,258,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jinjaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFF54FD2BFE935898" box="[151,258,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">jinjaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as a variety) from a series of
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA5A0A3EFD88FD2BFD435898" box="[587,722,643,670]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="male">seven males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA5A0A3EFCC6FD2BFC305898" box="[773,929,643,670]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="female">seven females</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA5A0A3EFC21FD2CFB8B5898" box="[994,1050,643,669]" country="Uganda" name="Jinja" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Jinja</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5A0A3EFBE7FD2CFBEA5898" box="[1060,1147,643,669]" name="Uganda" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
and a male from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA5A0A3EFAF4FD2CFA0D5898" box="[1335,1436,643,669]" country="Uganda" name="Kampala" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Kampala</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Mattingly 1956), characterized as being blacker than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA5A0A3EFCF3FD07FCF158C7" box="[816,864,680,706]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">type</typeStatus>
|
||
form with “the abdomen lacking the conspicuous orange tip; tergites 5–8 [terga V–VIII] in both sexes with apical lateral yellow patches, which tend to unite to form rather irregular lateral yellow stripes on distal half of abdomen.”
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA5A0A3EFCBDFD40FC22590C" box="[894,947,751,777]" country="Uganda" name="Jinja" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Jinja</collectingRegion>
|
||
is located on the shore of Lake Victoria in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5A0A3EFF3CFCBCFECB5928" box="[255,346,787,813]" name="Uganda" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Edwards stated that the male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFCF7FCBBFC0E5928" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1941" box="[820,927,788,813]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jinjaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFCF7FCBBFC0E5928" box="[820,927,788,813]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">jinjaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ “little if at all from those of the typical form”, the genitalia of which Edwards described from specimens collected in Nairobi.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5A0A3EFF04FCF4FAB25E74" blockId="105.[151,1437,535,1677]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFE8DFCF4FE225970" authorityName="Ovazza, Hamon & Neri" authorityYear="1956" box="[334,435,859,885]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ellinorae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFE8DFCF4FE225970" box="[334,435,859,885]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">ellinorae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFDA1FCF3FCDE5973" author="van Someren, E. C. C." box="[610,847,859,886]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="77 - 80" refId="ref183152" refString="van Someren, E. C. C. (1945) Ethiopian Culicidae: Descriptions of two East African culicine larvae, not hitherto described, and a new subspecies from Abyssinia (Diptera). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B: Taxonomy, 14 (5 - 6), 77 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1945. tb 00024. x" type="journal article" year="1945">van Someren (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, under the preoccupied name of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFB10FCF4FAC55970" authorityName="van Someren" authorityYear="1945" box="[1235,1364,859,885]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abyssinicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFB10FCF4FAC55970" box="[1235,1364,859,885]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">abyssinicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from females collected at Sciasciamanna and Lake Awasa in present-day
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5A0A3EFC6BFCD0FB96599C" box="[936,1031,895,921]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
that differ “from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA5A0A3EFAC5FC2FFAA7599F" box="[1286,1334,896,922]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">type</typeStatus>
|
||
form by having more extensive orange markings on the abdominal tergites [terga]”—“2 with narrow black lateral borders and 2 large triangular orange spots the bases of which usually meet on the apical border of the segment to form a narrow orange band; 3 sometimes like 2 and sometimes the same as 4 which is mainly orange with narrow black lateral borders and 2 small median black triangles; 5 orange with narrow black lateral borders; 6–8 all orange. The black markings have a few scattered orange scales. Sternites 6–8 [sterna VI–VIII] all orange; 5 black with a few scattered orange scales and a narrow orange apical band; remainder black with scattered orange scales.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5A0A3EFF04FBD4FAD45F94" blockId="105.[151,1437,535,1677]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFF04FBD4FE035E90" box="[199,402,1147,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantapex">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFF04FBD4FE035E90" box="[199,402,1147,1173]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Culex aurantapex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very poorly known morphologically and taxonomically. The larva of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA5A0A3EFB38FBD3FABA5E93" box="[1275,1323,1148,1174]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">type</typeStatus>
|
||
form and that of subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFEA4FB0FFE435EBC" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1941" box="[359,466,1184,1209]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jinjaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFEA4FB0FFE435EBC" box="[359,466,1184,1209]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">jinjaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are both only known from a single exuviae from their
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA5A0A3EFBFCFB0FFBFE5EBF" box="[1087,1135,1184,1210]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">type</typeStatus>
|
||
localities (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFB2FFB30FA015EBF" author="Hopkins, G. H. E." box="[1260,1424,1183,1210]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref160249" refString="Hopkins, G. H. E. (1952) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region I. - Larval bionomics of mosquitoes and taxonomy of culicine larvae. 2 nd Edition. British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 355 pp." type="book" year="1952">Hopkins 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Hopkins did not describe or illustrate these larvae because he was unable to find any differences between the exuviae and the larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFE64FB47FDD65F04" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[423,583,1255,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulioris">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFE64FB47FDD65F04" box="[423,583,1255,1282]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Cx. annulioris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above). The pupa was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFBCEFB47FADC5F04" author="Ingram, A. & de Meillon, B." box="[1037,1357,1255,1282]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 81" refId="ref161045" refString="Ingram, A. & de Meillon, B. (1927) A mosquito survey of certain parts of South Africa, with special reference to the carriers of malaria and their control. (Part I). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 4 (4), 1 - 81, 15 pls." type="journal article" year="1927">Ingram & de Meillon (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which was apparently (not explicitly stated) identified from adults reared from larvae collected from a large swamp east of forest at Empangeni
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA5A0A3EFE5EFA80FDDC5F4C" box="[413,589,1327,1353]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
|
||
(as Zululand),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5A0A3EFD3BFA80FC185F4C" box="[760,905,1327,1353]" name="South Africa" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFC57FA80FBD65F4C" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[916,1095,1327,1353]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
acknowledged the description but pointed out that “confirmation of the identity of this is desirable, but the paedotype pelt [exuviae] from Nairobi is similar in most respects.” Obviously, the immature stages of the nominal forms are essentially unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5A0A3EFF04FA33FF7D5C88" blockId="105.[151,1437,535,1677]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
It is unfortunate that the male genitalia of the nominal forms have not been fully described and illustrated, and the immature stages have not been unequivocally associated with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA5A0A3EFC66FA6FFC445FDF" box="[933,981,1472,1498]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">type</typeStatus>
|
||
form. Because the variation observed in adults is suggestive of a species complex, with respect for the intuitive interpretation of morphological observations of the authors of the nominal forms, we are compelled to regard them as separate species pending morphological and molecular confirmation:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFE72F984FBE85C40" authority="Ovazza, Hamon & Neri, 1956" authorityName="Ovazza, Hamon & Neri" authorityYear="1956" box="[433,1145,1579,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ellinorae" subGenus="Oculeomyia">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFE72F984FBE85C40" bold="true" box="[433,1145,1579,1606]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFE72F984FE645C43" bold="true" box="[433,501,1579,1606]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Culex</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFDC4F984FD005C43" bold="true" box="[519,657,1579,1606]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Oculeomyia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFD60F984FC9B5C43" bold="true" box="[675,778,1579,1606]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">ellinorae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFCD0F984FBE85C40" author="Ovazza, M. & Hamon, J. & Neri, P." box="[787,1145,1579,1605]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="151 - 182" refId="ref172405" refString="Ovazza, M., Hamon, J. & Neri, P. (1956) Contribution a l'etude des dipteres vulnerants de l'empire d'Ethiopie. I. Culicidae. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie exotique, 49 (1), 151 - 182." type="journal article" year="1956">Ovazza, Hamon & Neri, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFB71F984FE2A5C6C" authority="Edwards, 1941" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jinjaensis" subGenus="Oculeomyia">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFB71F984FE2A5C6C" bold="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFB71F984FB675C43" bold="true" box="[1202,1270,1579,1606]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Culex</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFACBF984FA035C43" bold="true" box="[1288,1426,1579,1606]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Oculeomyia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFF54F9E0FE945C6C" bold="true" box="[151,261,1615,1641]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">jinjaensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFEC8F9E0FE2A5C6C" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[267,443,1615,1641]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFE04F9E0FDE25C6C" authorityName="Ovazza, Hamon & Neri" authorityYear="1956" box="[455,627,1615,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ellinorae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFE04F9E0FDE25C6C" box="[455,627,1615,1641]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Culex ellinorae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFD65F9FFFCAC5C6C" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1941" box="[678,829,1616,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jinjaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFD65F9FFFD545C6F" box="[678,709,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Cx</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFD11F9FFFCAC5C6C" box="[722,829,1616,1641]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">jinjaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are both currently listed as species in the Encyclopedia of Life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |