554 lines
71 KiB
XML
554 lines
71 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="FA6071339A01DD662747D5153E68D336">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ACF4A075F01223D11EA37F3CFBFB8F87">Harbach, Ralph E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="40D2BC2A4F744AF29E69EA712CD2527A" type="email">r.harbach@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="4E920DB82927020DE4C5DB456E81ED98">Wilkerson, Richard C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="93326E2AEA5832A44F8736E841C70AB8" type="email">wilkersonr@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="5A5F3DAB06E18EFC8744EC376CE650F9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BA979FEF4036D9AB45B4F213D7C95C53">
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<mods:date id="78A8066653BE39BFF635A1D687DDCAF5">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="406A441E012AEFF4B94BE2F746AC347B">2023-06-15</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="486EC8C1B7CE74DF30E770C235187C92" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5303.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBA580A3AFF54F9F5FD4B593C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8064277" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700361" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8064277" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA580A3AFF54F9F5FD4B593C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBA580A3AFF54F9F5FD4B593C" lastPageId="109" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA580A3CFF54F9F5FD175C71" box="[151,646,1626,1653]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA580A3CFF54F9F5FD175C71" blockId="107.[151,646,1626,1653]" box="[151,646,1626,1653]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
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<heading id="C54581B7BA580A3CFF54F9F5FD175C71" bold="true" box="[151,646,1626,1653]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFF54F9F5FD175C71" ID-CoL="8BPQ5" ID-ENA="1788509" authority="(Ludlow)" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[151,646,1626,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alaskaensis" subGenus="Culiseta">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFF54F9F5FD175C71" bold="true" box="[151,646,1626,1653]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFF54F9F5FF6B5C70" bold="true" box="[151,250,1626,1653]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Culiseta</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFECFF9F5FEFE5C70" bold="true" box="[268,367,1626,1653]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Culiseta</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFE43F9F5FD9A5C70" bold="true" box="[384,523,1626,1653]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">alaskaensis</emphasis>
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||
(Ludlow)
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA580A3CFF54F930FDA35D6A" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA580A3CFF54F930FB025D16" blockId="107.[151,1437,1695,1903]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
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subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFED1F930FDAB5CB2" ID-CoL="8BPQ5" authority="(Ludlow, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[274,570,1695,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alaskaensis">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFED1F930FE1B5CB2" bold="true" box="[274,394,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">alaskaensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFE5DF930FDA25CB2" author="Ludlow, C. S." box="[414,563,1695,1719]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="326 - 328" refId="ref166519" refString="Ludlow, C. S. (1906) An Alaskan mosquito. Canadian Entomologist, 38 (10), 326 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / ent 38326 - 10" type="journal article" year="1906">Ludlow, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFC84F930FBAC5CB2" ID-CoL="8995P" authorityName="Ludlow" authorityYear="1906" box="[839,1085,1695,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alaskaensis">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFC84F930FBAC5CB2" box="[839,1085,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Theobaldia alaskaensis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. Distribution:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFB23F930FAAA5CB2" box="[1248,1339,1695,1719]" name="Armenia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Armenia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFA88F930FA095CB2" box="[1355,1432,1695,1719]" name="Austria" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Austria</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFF04F911FE865CD3" box="[199,279,1726,1750]" name="Belarus" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Belarus</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFEE0F911FEE35CD3" box="[291,370,1726,1750]" name="Canada" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Crimean Peninsula,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFD8EF911FD625CD3" box="[589,755,1726,1750]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
|
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFD3DF911FCCE5CD3" box="[766,863,1726,1750]" name="Denmark" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Denmark</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFCA8F911FC2B5CD3" box="[875,954,1726,1750]" name="Estonia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Estonia</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFC06F911FB845CD3" box="[965,1045,1726,1750]" name="Finland" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFBE2F911FBF85CD0" box="[1057,1129,1726,1749]" name="France" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFBB7F911FB595CD3" box="[1140,1224,1726,1750]" name="Georgia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFB17F911FAA25CD3" box="[1236,1331,1726,1750]" name="Germany" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Germany</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFAFCF911FA085CD3" box="[1343,1433,1726,1750]" name="Hungary" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Hungary</collectingCountry>
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||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFF04F972FF635CF1" box="[199,242,1757,1780]" name="Iran" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFF3EF973FED65CF1" box="[253,327,1756,1780]" name="Ireland" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Ireland</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFE91F973FE045CF1" box="[338,405,1756,1780]" name="Latvia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Latvia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFE63F973FD955CF1" box="[416,516,1756,1780]" name="Lithuania" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Lithuania</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFDCDF973FDFD5CF1" box="[526,620,1756,1780]" name="Moldova" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Moldova</collectingCountry>
|
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFDB4F973FD4D5CF1" box="[631,732,1756,1780]" name="Mongolia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFD25F973FCF25CF1" box="[742,867,1756,1780]" name="Netherlands" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFCADF972FC505CF0" box="[878,961,1757,1781]" name="Norway" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Norway</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFC08F973FB855CF1" box="[971,1044,1756,1780]" name="Poland" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Poland</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFBDDF973FBED5CF1" box="[1054,1148,1756,1780]" name="Romania" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Romania</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFB44F973FB5C5CF1" box="[1159,1229,1756,1780]" name="Russia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Russia</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFB14F973FAA35CF1" box="[1239,1330,1756,1780]" name="Slovakia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFAFEF973FA095CF1" box="[1341,1432,1756,1780]" name="Slovenia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
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,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFF04F954FE8B5D16" box="[199,282,1787,1811]" name="Sweden" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFEE7F954FE315D16" box="[292,416,1787,1811]" name="Switzerland" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFE6AF954FE635D16" box="[425,498,1787,1811]" name="Turkey" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFE3EF954FDC05D16" box="[509,593,1787,1811]" name="Ukraine" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFD98F954FC995D16" box="[603,776,1787,1811]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFCD1F954FC0A5D16" box="[786,923,1787,1811]" name="United States of America" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFC64F954FB195D16" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[935,1160,1787,1811]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Wilkerson
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFBDBF953FBD55D16" box="[1048,1092,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA580A3CFF54F8B5FDA35D6A" blockId="107.[151,1437,1695,1903]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFECBF8B6FE625D37" authority="(Edwards, 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[264,499,1817,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFECBF8B6FED85D34" bold="true" box="[264,329,1817,1841]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">indica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFE96F8B5FE7D5D37" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[341,492,1818,1842]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="129 - 137" refId="ref153476" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1920) Mosquito notes. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 10 (2), 129 - 137. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300043923" type="journal article" year="1920">Edwards, 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—original combination:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFD2FF8B5FC325D37" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[748,931,1818,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFD2FF8B5FC325D37" box="[748,931,1818,1842]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Theobaldia indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(subspecific status by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFB47F8B5FA9D5D37" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[1156,1292,1818,1842]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="193 - 217" refId="ref168294" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1964) On the systematics of bloodsucking mosquitoes of the group Culiseta (Diptera, Culicidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 43 (1), 193 - 217. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1964">Maslov 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Distribution:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFF04F897FEB35D55" box="[199,290,1848,1872]" name="Armenia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Armenia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFEF1F897FE355D55" box="[306,420,1848,1872]" name="Azerbaijan" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Azerbaijan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFE77F897FD995D55" box="[436,520,1848,1872]" name="Georgia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFDDBF897FDDE5D55" box="[536,591,1848,1872]" name="India" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFD9CF897FD495D55" box="[607,728,1848,1872]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFD2BF896FCCE5D54" box="[744,863,1849,1873]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFCB3F897FC585D55" box="[880,969,1848,1872]" name="Pakistan" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFC1AF897FB8E5D55" box="[985,1055,1848,1872]" name="Russia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFBECF897FB045D55" box="[1071,1173,1848,1872]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFB66F897FAA55D55" box="[1189,1332,1848,1872]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFA87F897FA095D55" box="[1348,1432,1848,1872]" name="Ukraine" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFF04F8F8FEA85D6A" box="[199,313,1879,1903]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFE85F8F8FDB65D6A" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[326,551,1879,1903]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Wilkerson
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFE74F8F7FE725D6A" box="[439,483,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA580A3AFF54F832FD4B593C" lastPageId="109" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA580A3BFF54F832FB5F5864" blockId="107.[151,1437,1949,2012]" lastBlockId="108.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="108" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFF54F832FEED5DB2" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[151,380,1949,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alaskaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFF54F832FEED5DB2" box="[151,380,1949,1975]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Culiseta alaskaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA580A3CFDA2F832FD7B5DB2" box="[609,746,1949,1975]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="female">five females</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA580A3CFCDDF831FC125DB2" box="[798,899,1949,1976]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
collected at Fort Egbert, Alaska (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFB36F832FA015DB2" author="Ludlow, C. S." box="[1269,1424,1949,1975]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="326 - 328" refId="ref166519" refString="Ludlow, C. S. (1906) An Alaskan mosquito. Canadian Entomologist, 38 (10), 326 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / ent 38326 - 10" type="journal article" year="1906">Ludlow 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to published works,
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFDC1F86DFCDA5DDE" box="[514,843,1985,2012]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFDC1F86DFD205DDE" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[514,689,1985,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="alaskaensis">Cs. alaskaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA580A3CFD78F86DFCDA5DDE" box="[699,843,1986,2011]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is a Holarctic species. In the Nearctic Region, it is found in western North America from Colorado to Alaska and across
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5F0A3BFC69FF38FC6F5AB4" box="[938,1022,151,177]" name="Canada" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
to Newfoundland. In the Palaearctic Region, it occurs in northern Europe southward to the northern slopes of the Alps and eastward to the far east of Siberia. Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5F0A3BFEBCFF70FE545AFC" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[383,453,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFEBCFF70FE545AFC" box="[383,453,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described as a species based on specimens collected in the hilly and mountainous areas of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA5F0A3BFE4EFEACFDBB5B18" box="[397,554,259,285]" country="India" name="Haryana" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Haryana State</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Ambala) and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA5F0A3BFD11FEACFC4C5B18" box="[722,989,259,285]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Himachal Pradesh State</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Bakloh and Dalhousie) in the far north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5F0A3BFF7BFE88FF635B44" box="[184,242,295,321]" name="India" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5F0A3BFEC1FE88FE365B44" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[258,423,295,321]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="129 - 137" refId="ref153476" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1920) Mosquito notes. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 10 (2), 129 - 137. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300043923" type="journal article" year="1920">Edwards 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and was reclassified as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5F0A3BFCBDFE88FC6E5B44" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[894,1023,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alaskaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFCBDFE88FC6E5B44" box="[894,1023,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">alaskaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5F0A3BFBEEFE88FB495B44" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[1069,1240,295,321]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="193 - 217" refId="ref168294" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1964) On the systematics of bloodsucking mosquitoes of the group Culiseta (Diptera, Culicidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 43 (1), 193 - 217. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1964">Maslov (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Both subspecies are recorded from localities in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5F0A3BFE3AFEE4FDCF5B60" box="[505,606,331,357]" name="Armenia" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Armenia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Georgia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5F0A3BFD17FEE4FC8E5B60" box="[724,799,331,357]" name="Russia" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5F0A3BFC99FEE4FC295B60" box="[858,952,331,357]" name="Ukraine" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||
. If the identifications are correct, it would appear that the distributions of the two forms overlap, indicating that they may occur in sympatry. However, those countries lie far north of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA5F0A3BFE1AFE3CFD985BA8" box="[473,521,403,429]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5F0A3BFD49FE3CFD415BA8" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[650,720,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFD49FE3CFD415BA8" box="[650,720,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is located on the south side of the Himalaya Mountains, and they are thus likely to be based on misidentified specimens of the typical form. This agrees with the allopatric distributions of the two forms depicted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5F0A3BFDB5FE74FC875BF0" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[630,790,475,501]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref168335" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1967) Krovososushchie komarȳ podtribȳ Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) mirovoi faunȳ [Bloodsucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) of the world]. Academie Imperiale des Sciences, Musee Zoologique, St Petersburg. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, Vȳp. 93, 1 - 182, 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46351" type="journal article" year="1967">Maslov (1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5F0A3BFCE2FE74FCCC5BF0" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[801,861,475,501]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref168413" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1989) Blood-sucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) in world fauna. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C., xv + 248 pp., 1 pl." type="book" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: map, fig. 60). According to Maslov, individuals of the typical form are “Mostly forest mosquitoes found as frequently in the hills as in the plains” whereas individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5F0A3BFF75FD8CFF6D5838" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[182,252,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFF75FD8CFF6D5838" box="[182,252,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“are mosquitoes of the plains in forest-free regions”.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5F0A3BFC9BFD8CFBBA5838" author="Wood, D. M. & Dang, P. T. & Ellis, R. A." box="[856,1067,547,573]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref185265" refString="Wood, D. M., Dang, P. T. & Ellis, R. A. (1979) The insects and arachnids of Canada. Part 6. The mosquitoes of Canada. (Diptera: Culicidae). Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Supply and Services Canada, Hull, Quebec, 390 pp." type="book" year="1979">
|
||
Wood
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFC62FD8CFC425838" box="[929,979,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1979)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
confirmed that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA5F0A3BFACBFD8CFAA95838" box="[1288,1336,547,573]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">type</typeStatus>
|
||
form “is widely distributed in the boreal forest across northern Europe, the USSR, and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5F0A3BFBA4FDE8FB505864" box="[1127,1217,583,609]" name="Canada" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5F0A3BFF04FDC4FE485E14" blockId="108.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5F0A3BFF04FDC4FEF95880" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[199,360,619,645]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref168335" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1967) Krovososushchie komarȳ podtribȳ Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) mirovoi faunȳ [Bloodsucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) of the world]. Academie Imperiale des Sciences, Musee Zoologique, St Petersburg. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, Vȳp. 93, 1 - 182, 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46351" type="journal article" year="1967">Maslov (1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5F0A3BFEB7FDC4FE3C5880" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[372,429,619,645]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref168413" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1989) Blood-sucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) in world fauna. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C., xv + 248 pp., 1 pl." type="book" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5F0A3BFE2DFDC4FD7D5880" author="Gutsevich, A. V. & Monchadsky, A. S. & Stackelberg, A. A." box="[494,748,619,645]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref157763" refString="Gutsevich, A. V., Monchadsky, A. S. & Stackelberg, A. A. (1971) Fauna Diptera. Vol. III. No. 4. Mosquitoes, Family Culicidae. New Series 100. Academy of Sciences of the USSR Zoological Institute, Leningrad, 384 pp. [for 1970, in Russian]" type="book" year="1971">
|
||
Gutsevich
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFDA4FDC4FD0B5880" box="[615,666,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1971
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1974) distinguished the two subspecies as follows.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFAFCFDC4FE3E58AD" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5F0A3BFAFCFDC4FE8958AC" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="alaskaensis">Culiseta alaskaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA5F0A3BFEE3FD20FE3E58AD" box="[288,431,655,680]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is a dark mosquito, integument and scales dark brown or black; dark and pale scaling of tarsi and abdominal terga in strong contrast; wing entirely dark-scaled or with few pale scales on anterior veins, clusters of dark scales distinct; posterior half of abdominal terga entirely dark-scaled. In general,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5F0A3BFB24FD78FABC58F4" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1255,1325,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFB24FD78FABC58F4" box="[1255,1325,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a paler mosquito, integument light brown or ochreous brown, scutum covered with golden-yellowish scales; dark and pale scales of tarsi and abdominal terga not well contrasted; most veins of wing with scattered pale scales, clusters of dark scales indistinct; posterior half of abdominal terga with few scattered pale scales.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5F0A3BFBA8FCECFA9A5958" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[1131,1291,835,861]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref168335" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1967) Krovososushchie komarȳ podtribȳ Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) mirovoi faunȳ [Bloodsucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) of the world]. Academie Imperiale des Sciences, Musee Zoologique, St Petersburg. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, Vȳp. 93, 1 - 182, 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46351" type="journal article" year="1967">Maslov (1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5F0A3BFAD4FCECFAC15958" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[1303,1360,835,861]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref168413" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1989) Blood-sucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) in world fauna. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C., xv + 248 pp., 1 pl." type="book" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is the only researcher to distinguish the male genitalia and larvae of the two forms. In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA5F0A3BFBF5FCC8FBF75984" box="[1078,1126,871,897]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">type</typeStatus>
|
||
form, 2 large setae on basal mesal lobe of gonocoxite bent in distal one-third; larva with seta 4-C (postclypeal) 3-branched, very rarely with 4 branches; head and siphon very dark, often almost black. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5F0A3BFCF8FC00FC1059CC" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[827,897,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFCF8FC00FC1059CC" box="[827,897,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 2 large setae of basal mesal lobe of gonocoxite bent just beyond mid-length; larval seta 4-C with 3–7 (usually 5 or 6) branches; head and siphon light brown, sometimes yellowish brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5F0A3BFF04FBB4FE635D90" blockId="108.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5F0A3BFF04FBB4FE355E30" author="Qutubuddin, M." box="[199,420,1050,1077]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="37 - 40" refId="ref173844" refString="Qutubuddin, M. (1952) A description of the thitherto unknown larva of Theobaldia indica Edwards (Diptera, Culicidae), with a key to larvae of the Pakistan species of Theobaldia Neveu-Lemaire, 1902. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B: Taxonomy, 21 (3 - 4), 37 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1952. tb 01045. x" type="journal article" year="1952">Qutubuddin (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
purportedly described and illustrated the larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5F0A3BFBC7FBB4FBDB5E30" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1028,1098,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFBC7FBB4FBDB5E30" box="[1028,1098,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5F0A3BFB59FBB4FB6C5E30" box="[1178,1277,1051,1077]" name="Pakistan" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Although he received comments on his manuscript from Peter Mattingly in London, there is no doubt the larva he described is that of an undescribed species of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5F0A3BFD76FBCCFBBD5E78" authority="Brolemann, 1919" authorityName="Brolemann" authorityYear="1919" box="[693,1068,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" genus="Allotheobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFD76FBCCFCCA5E78" box="[693,859,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Allotheobaldia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5F0A3BFCA7FBCCFBBD5E78" author="Brolemann, H. - W." box="[868,1068,1123,1149]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="65 - 103" refId="ref146557" refString="Brolemann, H. - W. (1919) Sur quelques Culex des Pyrenees II. Campagne 1918. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 88 (1 - 2), 65 - 103." type="journal article" year="1919">Brolemann, 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The larva is very similar to the larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5F0A3BFF39FB28FD035EA4" authority="(Macquart, 1838)" baseAuthorityName="Macquart" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[250,658,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiareolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFF39FB28FE2E5EA4" box="[250,447,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Cs. longiareolata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5F0A3BFE13FB28FD1B5EA4" author="Macquart, J." box="[464,650,1159,1185]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="9 - 225" refId="ref167372" refString="Macquart, J. (1838) Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Arts, de Lille, 2, 9 - 225, 25 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15792" type="journal article" year="1838">Macquart, 1838</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the only currently recognized species of the subgenus, but it bears some distinct differences. The following characteristics place the larva in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5F0A3BFC1FFB04FB135EC0" authorityName="Brolemann" authorityYear="1919" box="[988,1154,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" genus="Allotheobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFC1FFB04FB135EC0" box="[988,1154,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Allotheobaldia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Antenna short, seta 1-A weakly developed; siphon short and stout, not sclerotized at base, siphon index 1.5, pecten comprised of simple spines (one bifid spine is illustrated), setae 1a-S and 2a-S absent; saddle incomplete ventrally, covering dorsal half of segment X; seta 2-X multi-branched, seta 3-X double; ventral brush (seta 4-X) extended anteriorly on ventral midline of segment, with about 9 pairs of setae. The larva was described from exuviae associated with three reared females. Unlike larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5F0A3BFE7DFAF0FDAE5F7C" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[446,575,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alaskaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFE7DFAF0FDAE5F7C" box="[446,575,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">alaskaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the exuviae examined by Qutubuddin were those of larvae collected “from foul-smelling water in an unused masonry well”. “Several adults were, later on, taken from the same place.” It seems that the adults were misidentified and Peter Mattingly, if he saw the illustrations, did not notice that the larva could not be the larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5F0A3BFE01FA64FD995FE0" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[450,520,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFE01FA64FD995FE0" box="[450,520,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which does “not differ [substantially] from those of the nominate subspecies” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5F0A3BFF5CFA40FE065C0C" author="Gutsevich, A. V. & Monchadsky, A. S. & Stackelberg, A. A." box="[159,407,1519,1545]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref157763" refString="Gutsevich, A. V., Monchadsky, A. S. & Stackelberg, A. A. (1971) Fauna Diptera. Vol. III. No. 4. Mosquitoes, Family Culicidae. New Series 100. Academy of Sciences of the USSR Zoological Institute, Leningrad, 384 pp. [for 1970, in Russian]" type="book" year="1971">
|
||
Gutsevich
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFED8FA40FEDF5C0C" box="[283,334,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1971
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1974). The larva illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5F0A3BFCCBFA40FC705C0C" author="Qutubuddin, M." box="[776,993,1518,1545]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="37 - 40" refId="ref173844" refString="Qutubuddin, M. (1952) A description of the thitherto unknown larva of Theobaldia indica Edwards (Diptera, Culicidae), with a key to larvae of the Pakistan species of Theobaldia Neveu-Lemaire, 1902. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B: Taxonomy, 21 (3 - 4), 37 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1952. tb 01045. x" type="journal article" year="1952">Qutubuddin (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
differs distinctly from the larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5F0A3BFABBFA40FEBF5C28" baseAuthorityName="Macquart" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiareolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFABBFA40FEBF5C28" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Cs. longiareolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(based on the description of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5F0A3BFDB2F9BCFC815C28" author="Hopkins, G. H. E." box="[625,784,1554,1581]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref160249" refString="Hopkins, G. H. E. (1952) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region I. - Larval bionomics of mosquitoes and taxonomy of culicine larvae. 2 nd Edition. British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 355 pp." type="book" year="1952">Hopkins 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in having setae 5- and 6-C with multiple branches (single in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5F0A3BFF76F998FEDD5C54" baseAuthorityName="Macquart" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[181,332,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiareolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFF76F998FEDD5C54" box="[181,332,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">longiareolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), 5-C more or less pectinate with branches arising from a short stout stem; dorsomentum shorter, less acute distally (a straight-sided triangle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5F0A3BFD60F9F4FCAB5C70" baseAuthorityName="Macquart" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[675,826,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiareolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFD60F9F4FCAB5C70" box="[675,826,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">longiareolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); some comb scales distinctly asymmetrical (spicules on one side) (evenly fringed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5F0A3BFE30F9D0FD1B5C9C" baseAuthorityName="Macquart" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[499,650,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiareolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFE30F9D0FD1B5C9C" box="[499,650,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">longiareolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); siphon shorter (index about
|
||
<quantity id="594A9B3EBA5F0A3BFC18F9D0FB945C9C" box="[987,1029,1663,1689]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5F0A3BFBC8F9D0FB335C9C" baseAuthorityName="Macquart" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[1035,1186,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiareolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFBC8F9D0FB335C9C" box="[1035,1186,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">longiareolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); pecten comprised of 5–7 spines born entirely on the siphon (pecten with 3 or 4 small spines proximal to the base of the siphon and about 9 on the siphon in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5F0A3BFEABF968FE6E5CE4" baseAuthorityName="Macquart" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[360,511,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiareolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFEABF968FE6E5CE4" box="[360,511,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">longiareolata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In contrast, as described and illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5F0A3BFC34F968FAAD5CE4" author="Carpenter, S. J. & LaCasse, W. J." box="[1015,1340,1734,1761]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref147571" refString="Carpenter, S. J. & LaCasse, W. J. (1955) Mosquitoes of North America (north of Mexico). University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, vii + 360 pp., 127 pls." type="book" year="1955">Carpenter & LaCasse (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5F0A3BFA8BF968FF4A5D00" author="Maslov, A. V." pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref168335" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1967) Krovososushchie komarȳ podtribȳ Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) mirovoi faunȳ [Bloodsucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) of the world]. Academie Imperiale des Sciences, Musee Zoologique, St Petersburg. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, Vȳp. 93, 1 - 182, 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46351" type="journal article" year="1967">Maslov (1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5F0A3BFF24F944FEB25D00" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[231,291,1771,1797]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref168413" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1989) Blood-sucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) in world fauna. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C., xv + 248 pp., 1 pl." type="book" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5F0A3BFEFBF944FDA75D00" author="Gutsevich, A. V. & Monchadsky, A. S. & Stackelberg, A. A." box="[312,566,1771,1797]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref157763" refString="Gutsevich, A. V., Monchadsky, A. S. & Stackelberg, A. A. (1971) Fauna Diptera. Vol. III. No. 4. Mosquitoes, Family Culicidae. New Series 100. Academy of Sciences of the USSR Zoological Institute, Leningrad, 384 pp. [for 1970, in Russian]" type="book" year="1971">
|
||
Gutsevich
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFE72F944FE725D00" box="[433,483,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1971
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1974),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5F0A3BFD51F944FCF95D00" author="Wood, D. M. & Dang, P. T. & Ellis, R. A." box="[658,872,1771,1797]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref185265" refString="Wood, D. M., Dang, P. T. & Ellis, R. A. (1979) The insects and arachnids of Canada. Part 6. The mosquitoes of Canada. (Diptera: Culicidae). Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Supply and Services Canada, Hull, Quebec, 390 pp." type="book" year="1979">
|
||
Wood
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFD1FF944FC9F5D00" box="[732,782,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1979)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5F0A3BFC63F944FB145D00" author="Becker, N. & Petric, D. & Zgomba, M. & Boase, C. & Madon, M. & Dahl, C. & Kaiser, A." box="[928,1157,1771,1797]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref144535" refString="Becker, N., Petric, D., Zgomba, M., Boase, C., Madon, M., Dahl, C. & Kaiser, A. (2020) Mosquitoes: identification, ecology and control. 3 rd Edition. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham, xxxi + 570 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 030 - 11623 - 1" type="book" year="2020">
|
||
Becker
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFC34F944FBA05D00" box="[1015,1073,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5F0A3BFAD8F944FA0D5D00" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[1307,1436,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alaskaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFAD8F944FA0D5D00" box="[1307,1436,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">alaskaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bears the following comparable traits: Setae 5- and 6-C fan-like with multiple aciculate branches; dorsomentum short, edges not exactly straight; comb scales elongate and evenly fringed; siphon longer, index 2.5–3.5; pecten comprised of numerous short spines on proximal 0.2 followed by a row of 16–18 filamentous spines extending to about distal 0.25 of the siphon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5F0A3AFF04F830FE255BA8" blockId="108.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="109.[151,1436,151,825]" lastPageId="109" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
|
||
Two nominal species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5F0A3BFE00F830FCD95DBC" authority="Edwards, 1920" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1920" box="[451,840,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFE00F830FD095DBD" box="[451,664,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Theobaldia arctica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5F0A3BFD5CF830FCD95DBC" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[671,840,1951,1977]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="129 - 137" refId="ref153476" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1920) Mosquito notes. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 10 (2), 129 - 137. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300043923" type="journal article" year="1920">Edwards, 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5F0A3BFCBCF830FA935DBC" authority="Ludlow, 1920" authorityName="Ludlow" authorityYear="1920" box="[895,1282,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siberiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFCBCF830FBCD5DBC" box="[895,1116,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Culiseta siberiensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5F0A3BFBA0F830FA935DBC" author="Ludlow, C. S." box="[1123,1282,1951,1977]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="151 - 161" refId="ref166749" refString="Ludlow, C. S. (1920) New Siberian Culicidae (Diptera). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, 7 (10 - 12), 151 - 161. [for 1919]" type="journal article" year="1920">Ludlow, 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are currently recognized as synonyms of the nominotypical subspecies, and the nominal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5F0A3BFC2BF86CFA0D5DD8" authority="Shingarev, 1927" authorityName="Shingarev" authorityYear="1927" box="[1000,1436,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wassilievi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5F0A3BFC2BF86CFB4F5DD8" box="[1000,1246,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Theobaldia wassilievi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5F0A3BFB25F86CFA0D5DD8" author="Shingarev, N. L." box="[1254,1436,1987,2013]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="545 - 550" refId="ref178303" refString="Shingarev, N. L. (1927) Notes on Culicidae. II. Russkii Zhurnal Tropicheskoi Meditsiny [Russian Journal of Tropical Medicine], 5, 545 - 550. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1927">Shingarev, 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a synonym of subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFE19FF38FDB15AB4" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[474,544,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFE19FF38FDB15AB4" box="[474,544,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFDF2FF38FC995AB5" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1920" box="[561,776,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFDF2FF38FC995AB5" box="[561,776,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Theobaldia arctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from a single male collected at Arkhangel (English for
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA5E0A3AFEE3FF14FE255AD0" box="[288,436,187,213]" country="Russia" name="Arkhangel'sk" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Arkhangelsk</collectingRegion>
|
||
), located far north of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA5E0A3AFD5EFF14FD6C5AD0" box="[669,765,187,213]" country="Russia" name="Moscow" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Moscow</collectingRegion>
|
||
on the Northern Dvina
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA5E0A3AFBC2FF14FBAE5AD0" box="[1025,1087,187,213]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">River</collectingRegion>
|
||
where it empties into the White Sea, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFF38FF70FE0F5AFC" authorityName="Ludlow" authorityYear="1920" box="[251,414,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siberiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFF38FF70FE0F5AFC" box="[251,414,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Cs. siberiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA5E0A3AFD47FF70FD6C5AFC" box="[644,765,223,249]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="female">24 females</specimenCount>
|
||
collected at three places, including Verkhne-Udinsk (former name of present-day Ulan-Ude), located southeast of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA5E0A3AFD3EFEACFCA45B18" box="[765,821,259,285]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Lake</collectingRegion>
|
||
Baikal in south-central Siberia. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA5E0A3AFB1EFEACFA9C5B18" box="[1245,1293,259,285]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">type</typeStatus>
|
||
localities of both nominal forms reside within the distribution of
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFD25FE88FC6C5B45" box="[742,1021,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFD25FE88FCF65B44" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[742,871,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="alaskaensis">alaskaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA5E0A3AFCACFE88FC6C5B45" box="[879,1021,295,320]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFBC8FE88FB325B44" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[1035,1187,295,321]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref168335" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1967) Krovososushchie komarȳ podtribȳ Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) mirovoi faunȳ [Bloodsucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) of the world]. Academie Imperiale des Sciences, Musee Zoologique, St Petersburg. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, Vȳp. 93, 1 - 182, 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46351" type="journal article" year="1967">Maslov 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFB6CFE88FB7A5B44" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[1199,1259,295,321]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref168413" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1989) Blood-sucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) in world fauna. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C., xv + 248 pp., 1 pl." type="book" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and both have been listed as synonyms of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA5E0A3AFE34FEE4FDB65B60" box="[503,551,331,357]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">type</typeStatus>
|
||
form since
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFD6DFEE4FCE25B60" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[686,883,331,357]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="263 - 351" refId="ref153643" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1921 d) A revision of the mosquitos of the Palaearctic Region. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 12 (3), 263 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300040207" type="journal article" year="1921">Edwards (1921d)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In fact, when
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFBDAFEE4FB5C5B60" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[1049,1229,331,357]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="129 - 137" refId="ref153476" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1920) Mosquito notes. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 10 (2), 129 - 137. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300043923" type="journal article" year="1920">Edwards (1920)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFA84FEE4FA045B61" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1920" box="[1351,1429,331,356]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFA84FEE4FA045B61" box="[1351,1429,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">arctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, he stated that “In coloration and genital structure this insect agrees almost entirely with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFBA4FEC0FAF85B8C" authority=", Ludlow" authorityName="Ludlow" box="[1127,1385,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alaskaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFBA4FEC0FA925B8C" box="[1127,1283,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">T. alaskaensis</emphasis>
|
||
, Ludlow
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and may in fact be the same.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5E0A3AFF04FE18FE4958AC" blockId="109.[151,1436,151,825]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFF04FE18FE505BD4" authorityName="Shingarev" authorityYear="1927" box="[199,449,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wassilievi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFF04FE18FE505BD4" box="[199,449,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Theobaldia wassilievi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recognized as a distinct species until
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFC07FE18FBFF5BD4" author="Martini, E." box="[964,1134,439,465]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="145 - 320" refId="ref168069" refString="Martini, E. (1930) 11. u. 12. Culicidae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der palaerktischen Region. Band III. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Erwin Nagele), Stuttgart, pp. 145 - 320." type="book chapter" year="1930">Martini (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated it as a variety of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFF54FE74FE895BF0" box="[151,280,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alaskaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFF54FE74FE895BF0" box="[151,280,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">alaskaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFE90FE74FDBB5BF0" author="Stackelberg, A. A." box="[339,554,475,501]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref179180" refString="Stackelberg, A. A. (1937) Fauna de l'URSS. Insectes, Dipteres. Vol. III. n 0 4. Fam. Culicidae (Subfam. Culicinae). Nouvelle Serie no 11. Institut Zoologique de l'Academie des Sciences de l'URSS, Moscow, x + 258 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1937">Stackelberg (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
later treated it as a subspecies. Contrary to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFBE7FE74FABE5BF0" author="Knight, K. L. & Stone, A." box="[1060,1327,475,501]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref162868" refString="Knight, K. L. & Stone, A. (1977) A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera: Culicidae). 2 nd Edition. The Thomas Say Foundation. Vol. VI. Entomological Society of America, College Park, Maryland, xi + 611 pp." type="book" year="1977">Knight & Stone (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFAFEFE74FF73581C" author="Harbach, R. E." pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref158710" refString="Harbach, R. E. (2018) Culicipedia: Species-group, genus-group and family-group names in Culicidae (Diptera). CABI, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, xviii + 378 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9781786399052.0000" type="book" year="2018">Harbach (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFED4FE50FD8C581C" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[279,541,511,537]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Wilkerson
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFE51FE50FE52581C" box="[402,451,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFDEAFE50FD06581C" authorityName="Shingarev" authorityYear="1927" box="[553,663,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wassilievi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFDEAFE50FD06581C" box="[553,663,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">wassilievi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was placed in synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFC33FE50FBA7581C" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1008,1078,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFC33FE50FBA7581C" box="[1008,1078,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(when it was still recognized as a species) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFEF0FD8CFE665838" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[307,503,547,573]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref154128" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1932 a) Genera Insectorum. Diptera, Fam. Culicidae. Fascicle 194. V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet, Bruxelles [Brussels], 258 pp., 5 pls." type="book" year="1932">Edwards (1932a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, not by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFD96FD8CFD675838" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[597,758,547,573]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref168335" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1967) Krovososushchie komarȳ podtribȳ Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) mirovoi faunȳ [Bloodsucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) of the world]. Academie Imperiale des Sciences, Musee Zoologique, St Petersburg. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, Vȳp. 93, 1 - 182, 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46351" type="journal article" year="1967">Maslov (1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFCC0FD8CFCAE5838" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[771,831,547,573]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref168413" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1989) Blood-sucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) in world fauna. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C., xv + 248 pp., 1 pl." type="book" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFC97FD8CFBDB5838" authorityName="Shingarev" authorityYear="1927" box="[852,1098,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wassilievi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFC97FD8CFBDB5838" box="[852,1098,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Theobaldia wassilievi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described as a species from Turkestan, a city in the Kazakh Desert in the southernmost region of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5E0A3AFBEFFDE8FB235864" box="[1068,1202,583,609]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Turkestan lies at the northern limit of the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFDE7FDC4FDFB5880" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[548,618,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFDE7FDC4FDFB5880" box="[548,618,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mapped by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFD30FDC4FC005880" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[755,913,619,645]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref168335" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1967) Krovososushchie komarȳ podtribȳ Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) mirovoi faunȳ [Bloodsucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) of the world]. Academie Imperiale des Sciences, Musee Zoologique, St Petersburg. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, Vȳp. 93, 1 - 182, 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46351" type="journal article" year="1967">Maslov (1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFC5FFDC4FC495880" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[924,984,619,645]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref168413" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1989) Blood-sucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) in world fauna. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C., xv + 248 pp., 1 pl." type="book" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFC28FDC4FB4E5880" authorityName="Shingarev" authorityYear="1927" box="[1003,1247,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wassilievi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFC28FDC4FB4E5880" box="[1003,1247,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Theobaldia wassilievi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should therefore remain a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFE48FD20FE4058AC" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[395,465,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFE48FD20FE4058AC" box="[395,465,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5E0A3AFF04FD1CFD4B593C" blockId="109.[151,1436,151,825]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
||
Based on the available morphological, ecological and distributional information, it seems prudent to recognize
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFF54FD78FF4C58F4" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[151,221,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFF54FD78FF4C58F4" box="[151,221,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a separate species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFE21FD79FC4A58F5" authority="(Edwards, 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[482,987,726,753]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica" subGenus="Culiseta">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFE21FD79FC4A58F5" bold="true" box="[482,987,726,753]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFE21FD79FDD058F4" bold="true" box="[482,577,726,753]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Culiseta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFD90FD79FD2358F4" bold="true" box="[595,690,726,753]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Culiseta</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFD07FD79FC9D58F4" bold="true" box="[708,780,726,753]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">indica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFCDEFD79FC4258F5" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[797,979,726,752]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="129 - 137" refId="ref153476" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1920) Mosquito notes. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 10 (2), 129 - 137. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300043923" type="journal article" year="1920">Edwards, 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFC28FD78FB0658F4" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1003,1175,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFC28FD78FB0658F4" box="[1003,1175,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Culiseta indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently listed as a species in the Encyclopedia of Life. Based on the wide distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFC04FD54FBE65910" box="[967,1143,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alaskaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFC04FD54FBE65910" box="[967,1143,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Cx. alaskaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we think it is likely that molecular data will show it is a complex of species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |