378 lines
45 KiB
XML
378 lines
45 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="05AB7F314EE0018026C06A66F8600B31">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="279C3D2B69AF8DA0413A84B4026DD069">Harbach, Ralph E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AF2A59B827664A52C482C9CDF3BF7173">Wilkerson, Richard C.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBA520A35FF54FD79FAD95984" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8061423" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700515" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8061423" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA520A35FF54FD79FAD95984" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBA520A35FF54FD79FAD95984" lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA520A36FF54FD79FD4858F5" box="[151,729,726,753]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA520A36FF54FD79FD4858F5" blockId="97.[151,729,726,753]" box="[151,729,726,753]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<heading id="C54581B7BA520A36FF54FD79FD4858F5" bold="true" box="[151,729,726,753]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA520A36FF54FD79FD4858F5" ID-CoL="8BMWL" authority="(Edwards)" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[151,729,726,753]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtipalpis" subGenus="Lophoceraomyia">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FF54FD79FD4858F5" bold="true" box="[151,729,726,753]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FF54FD79FF4E58F4" bold="true" box="[151,223,726,753]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Culex</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FF33FD79FE2D58F4" bold="true" box="[240,444,726,753]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Lophoceraomyia</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FE0EFD79FDDF58F4" bold="true" box="[461,590,726,753]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">curtipalpis</emphasis>
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(Edwards)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA520A36FF54FCB4FAAC598A" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA520A36FF54FCB4FC595957" blockId="97.[151,1437,795,911]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA520A36FED1FCB4FDDB5936" ID-CoL="8BMWL" authority="(Edwards, 1914 c)" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[274,586,795,819]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtipalpis">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FED1FCB4FE105936" bold="true" box="[274,385,795,819]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">curtipalpis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA520A36FE5BFCB4FDA85936" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[408,569,795,819]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="63 - 81" refId="ref153338" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1914) New species of Culicidae in the British Museum, with notes on the genitalia of some African Culex. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 5 (1), 63 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300034568" type="journal article" year="1914">Edwards, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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c)
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</taxonomicName>
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—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA520A36FC9AFCB4FB195936" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1914" box="[857,1160,795,819]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Lophoceratomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtipalpis">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FC9AFCB4FB195936" box="[857,1160,795,819]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Lophoceratomyia curtipalpis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Distribution:
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA520A36FAEDFCB4FA085936" box="[1326,1433,795,819]" name="Cambodia" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA520A36FF04FC95FEBD5957" box="[199,300,826,850]" name="Indonesia" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA520A36FEF5FC95FE045957" box="[310,405,826,850]" name="Malaysia" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA520A36FE63FC95FD985957" box="[416,521,826,850]" name="Singapore" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA520A36FDD0FC95FDE15957" box="[531,624,826,850]" name="Thailand" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA520A36FDBAFC95FD5E5957" box="[633,719,826,850]" name="Vietnam" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA520A36FD1FFC95FC2D5957" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[732,956,826,850]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
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Wilkerson
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FC8FFC94FCE85957" box="[844,889,826,850]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2021
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA520A36FF54FCF7FAAC598A" blockId="97.[151,1437,795,911]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
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||
subspecies
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||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA520A36FECFFCF6FD925975" ID-CoL="89Z77" authority="Brug, 1931" authorityName="Brug" authorityYear="1931" box="[268,515,856,881]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FECFFCF6FE195975" bold="true" box="[268,392,857,880]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">sumatranus</emphasis>
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||
Brug, 1931
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</taxonomicName>
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||
—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA520A36FCC5FCF7FB845975" ID-CoL="8BMZ6" authorityName="Brug" authorityYear="1931" box="[774,1045,856,881]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatranus" subGenus="Culex">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FCC5FCF7FCD05975" box="[774,833,856,880]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Culex</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FC91FCF7FC1C5975" box="[850,909,856,880]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Culex</emphasis>
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||
)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FC5CFCF6FB845975" box="[927,1045,857,880]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">sumatranus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(subspecific status by
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA520A36FAC5FCF6FA0D5975" author="Meng, Q. & Chen, H." box="[1286,1436,856,881]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="161 - 164" refId="ref169990" refString="Meng, Q. & Chen, H. (1980) Arguments on the taxonomic positions of six species of Culex from China. Entomotaxonomia, 2 (2), 161 - 164. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1980">Meng & Chen</bibRefCitation>
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1980). Distribution:
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA520A36FE54FCD8FD93598A" box="[407,514,887,911]" name="Cambodia" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA520A36FDCFFCD8FDE0598A" box="[524,625,887,911]" name="Indonesia" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA520A36FDB8FCD7FD52598A" box="[635,707,888,911]" name="Macao" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Macau</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA520A36FD0FFCD8FC74598A" box="[716,997,887,911]" name="China" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">People’s Republic of China</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA520A36FC2DFCD8FBD5598A" box="[1006,1092,887,911]" name="Vietnam" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA520A36FB92FCD8FAA3598A" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[1105,1330,887,911]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Wilkerson
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FB01FCD7FB7F598A" box="[1218,1262,887,911]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA520A35FF54FC12FAD95984" lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA520A36FF54FC12FDD05E8E" blockId="97.[151,1437,957,2028]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA520A36FF54FC12FED559D2" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[151,324,957,983]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="63 - 81" refId="ref153338" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1914) New species of Culicidae in the British Museum, with notes on the genitalia of some African Culex. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 5 (1), 63 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300034568" type="journal article" year="1914">Edwards (1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
c) described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA520A36FE10FC12FDDD59D2" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1914" box="[467,588,957,983]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Lophoceratomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtipalpis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FE10FC12FDDD59D2" box="[467,588,957,983]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">curtipalpis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
from
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||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA520A36FD51FC12FC9759D2" box="[658,774,957,983]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="male">five males</specimenCount>
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collected at Kuching Reservoir in
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA520A36FB52FC12FB6559D2" box="[1169,1268,957,983]" name="Malaysia" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA520A36FAC3FC12FAFB59D2" box="[1280,1386,957,983]" name="Malaysia" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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||
. His description did not mention or include an illustration of the male genitalia. Edwards (1928) added some details to his previous description, including a brief description of the genitalia and an illustration of the gonostylus. The larva and pupa were described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA520A36FE1AFB86FD675E46" author="Edwards, F. W. & Given, D. H. C." box="[473,758,1065,1091]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="337 - 357" refId="ref154403" refString="Edwards, F. W. & Given, D. H. C. (1928) The early stages of some Singapore mosquitos. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 18 (4), 337 - 357. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300020265" type="journal article" year="1928">Edwards & Given (1928)</bibRefCitation>
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based on association with reared adults. The male and larva were later described and illustrated in more detail by
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA520A36FD24FBE2FC1C5E6D" author="Colless, D. H." box="[743,909,1101,1128]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="261 - 307" refId="ref148668" refString="Colless, D. H. (1965) The genus Culex, subgenus Lophoceraomyia in Malaya (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 2 (3), 261 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 2.3.261" type="journal article" year="1965">Colless (1965)</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA520A36FC5BFBE1FBB95E62" author="Bram, R. A." box="[920,1064,1101,1128]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="1 - 296" refId="ref146447" refString="Bram, R. A. (1967) Contributions to the mosquito fauna of Southeast Asia. II. The genus Culex in Thailand (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 2 (1), 1 - 296." type="journal article" year="1967">Bram (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA520A36FB9EFBE2FAD15E62" author="Sirivanakarn, S." box="[1117,1344,1101,1127]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="1 - 245" refId="ref178587" refString="Sirivanakarn, S. (1977) Medical entomology studies - VI. A revision of the subgenus Lophoceraomyia of the genus Culex in the Oriental Region (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 13 (4), iii + 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="1977">Sirivanakarn (1977)</bibRefCitation>
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, and the pupa was described by the last author.
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA520A36FF04FB3AFD6F5F66" blockId="97.[151,1437,957,2028]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
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Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA520A36FE88FB39FE5F5EAA" authorityName="Brug" authorityYear="1931" box="[331,462,1174,1199]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FE88FB39FE5F5EAA" box="[331,462,1174,1199]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described by Brug (1931) as a species of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA520A36FB21FB3AFAB25EAA" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1250,1315,1173,1199]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FB21FB3AFAB25EAA" box="[1250,1315,1173,1199]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Culex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described from a single male reared from a larva taken from a pitcher plant in the vicinity of Dermajoe, Benkoelen,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA520A36FAFBFB16FA085ED6" box="[1336,1433,1209,1235]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Brug illustrated the male genitalia and the head and terminal abdominal segments of the larval exuviae. The species was transferred to the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA520A36FE3EFAAEFDF45F1E" authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1905" box="[509,613,1281,1307]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Neoculex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FE3EFAAEFDF45F1E" box="[509,613,1281,1307]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Neoculex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA520A36FD4DFAADFC0E5F1E" author="Brug, S. L. & Edwards, F. W." box="[654,927,1281,1308]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="251 - 261" refId="ref147072" refString="Brug, S. L. & Edwards, F. W. (1931) Fauna Sumatrensis. (Bijdrage Nr. 68), Culicidae (Diptera). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 74, 251 - 261." type="journal article" year="1931">Brug & Edwards (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and this was accepted (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA520A36FB15FAAEFA055F19" author="Stone, A. & Knight, K. L. & Starcke, H." box="[1238,1428,1281,1308]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" refId="ref180004" refString="Stone, A., Knight, K. L. & Starcke, H. (1959) A synoptic catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera, Culicidae). The Thomas Say Foundation. Vol. VI. Entomological Society of America, College Park, Maryland, vi + 358 pp." type="book" year="1959">
|
||
Stone
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FADEFAADFADF5F1E" box="[1309,1358,1281,1307]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1959
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) until Sirivanakarn (1971) recognized it as a species of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA520A36FC68FA8AFBF85F3A" box="[939,1129,1317,1343]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Lophoceraomyia">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FC68FA8AFBF85F3A" box="[939,1129,1317,1343]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Lophoceraomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It was later regarded as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA520A36FEF7FAE5FE4B5F66" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1914" box="[308,474,1353,1380]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Lophoceratomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtipalpis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FEF7FAE5FE4B5F66" box="[308,474,1353,1380]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Cx. curtipalpis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA520A36FDC6FAE5FD6B5F66" author="Meng, Q. & Chen, H." box="[517,762,1353,1380]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="161 - 164" refId="ref169990" refString="Meng, Q. & Chen, H. (1980) Arguments on the taxonomic positions of six species of Culex from China. Entomotaxonomia, 2 (2), 161 - 164. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1980">Meng & Chen (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA520A36FF04FAC1FC3B5CCE" blockId="97.[151,1437,957,2028]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
As revealed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA520A36FEBDFAC2FDBE5F82" author="Barraud, P. J." box="[382,559,1389,1415]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" refId="ref144365" refString="Barraud, P. J. (1934) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Diptera. Vol. V. Family Culicidae. Tribes Megarhinini and Culicini. Taylor and Francis, London, xxviii + 463 pp., 8 pls." type="book" year="1934">Barraud (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in a footnote on page 351, and discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA520A36FB86FAC2FABB5F82" author="Sirivanakarn, S." box="[1093,1322,1389,1415]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="1 - 245" refId="ref178587" refString="Sirivanakarn, S. (1977) Medical entomology studies - VI. A revision of the subgenus Lophoceraomyia of the genus Culex in the Oriental Region (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 13 (4), iii + 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="1977">Sirivanakarn (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the larva described and illustrated by Brug (1931) was wrongly associated with the adult male, and adults reared from larvae collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA520A36FEB3FA19FE645FD5" box="[368,501,1462,1488]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
and elsewhere are identical with the larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA520A36FBC2FA1AFBEB5FCA" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1914" box="[1025,1146,1461,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Lophoceratomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtipalpis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FBC2FA1AFBEB5FCA" box="[1025,1146,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">curtipalpis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA520A36FADFFA1AFEA35FF6" author="Edwards, F. W. & Given, D. H. C." pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="337 - 357" refId="ref154403" refString="Edwards, F. W. & Given, D. H. C. (1928) The early stages of some Singapore mosquitos. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 18 (4), 337 - 357. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300020265" type="journal article" year="1928">Edwards & Given (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Sirivanakarn treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA520A36FDE9FA75FD3C5FF6" authorityName="Brug" authorityYear="1931" box="[554,685,1498,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FDE9FA75FD3C5FF6" box="[554,685,1498,1523]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a distinct species, but noted that “All stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA520A36FB2CFA75FAE35FF6" authorityName="Brug" authorityYear="1931" box="[1263,1394,1498,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FB2CFA75FAE35FF6" box="[1263,1394,1498,1523]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are exceedingly similar to and indistinguishable from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA520A36FD07FA52FCAC5C12" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1914" box="[708,829,1533,1559]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Lophoceratomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtipalpis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FD07FA52FCAC5C12" box="[708,829,1533,1559]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">curtipalpis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except for the male which differs from the latter rather strikingly in the absence of the modified tufts of the male antenna.” For clarity, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA520A36FB4AF98EFA935C3E" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1914" box="[1161,1282,1569,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Lophoceratomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtipalpis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FB4AF98EFA935C3E" box="[1161,1282,1569,1595]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">curtipalpis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the flagellar whorls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA520A36FED3F9E9FE025C5A" authorityName="Brug" authorityYear="1931" box="[272,403,1606,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FED3F9E9FE025C5A" box="[272,403,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are weakly verticillate or comprised of relatively fewer long setae and tufts of modified setae/scales are absent on flagellomeres 5–9 or a rudimentary or inconspicuous tuft of four very short setae may be present on the mesal surface of flagellomere 7. Contrary to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA520A36FCFBF922FB8A5CA2" author="Sirivanakarn, S." box="[824,1051,1677,1703]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="1 - 245" refId="ref178587" refString="Sirivanakarn, S. (1977) Medical entomology studies - VI. A revision of the subgenus Lophoceraomyia of the genus Culex in the Oriental Region (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 13 (4), iii + 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="1977">Sirivanakarn (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA520A36FBEBF921FA8A5CA2" author="Meng, Q. & Chen, H." box="[1064,1307,1677,1704]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="161 - 164" refId="ref169990" refString="Meng, Q. & Chen, H. (1980) Arguments on the taxonomic positions of six species of Culex from China. Entomotaxonomia, 2 (2), 161 - 164. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1980">Meng & Chen (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered this striking difference to be nothing more than interspecific variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA520A35FF04F979FE1A5838" blockId="97.[151,1437,957,2028]" lastBlockId="98.[151,1437,151,897]" lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
In view of the poor illustration of the male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA520A36FCE9F979FC3C5CEA" authorityName="Brug" authorityYear="1931" box="[810,941,1750,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FCE9F979FC3C5CEA" box="[810,941,1750,1775]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provided by Brug (1931), we decided it was important to examine the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA520A36FE75F956FD895D16" box="[438,536,1785,1811]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in the Natural History Museum, London. The dissected genitalia of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA520A36FAF9F956FA0D5D16" box="[1338,1436,1785,1811]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
are poorly mounted on a microscope slide. The left gonocoxite seems to be positioned differently than indicated in Brug’s illustration, and the gonostylus, which is tapered to the apex in the illustration, is expanded and strongly modified as illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA520A36FE79F8CAFDC85D85" author="Colless, D. H." box="[442,601,1893,1920]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="261 - 307" refId="ref148668" refString="Colless, D. H. (1965) The genus Culex, subgenus Lophoceraomyia in Malaya (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 2 (3), 261 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 2.3.261" type="journal article" year="1965">Colless (1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 29d),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA520A36FD12F8C9FCCA5D7A" author="Bram, R. A." box="[721,859,1893,1920]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="1 - 296" refId="ref146447" refString="Bram, R. A. (1967) Contributions to the mosquito fauna of Southeast Asia. II. The genus Culex in Thailand (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 2 (1), 1 - 296." type="journal article" year="1967">Bram (1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 22) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA520A36FC2EF8CAFB585D7A" author="Sirivanakarn, S." box="[1005,1225,1893,1919]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="1 - 245" refId="ref178587" refString="Sirivanakarn, S. (1977) Medical entomology studies - VI. A revision of the subgenus Lophoceraomyia of the genus Culex in the Oriental Region (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 13 (4), iii + 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="1977">Sirivanakarn (1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 69). The setae of the subapical lobe are inaccurately drawn, but the two setae proximal to setae
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FBE7F825FBDC5DA6" box="[1060,1101,1930,1955]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">a–c</emphasis>
|
||
are clearly present. Setae
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FAB7F825FA0C5DA6" box="[1396,1437,1930,1955]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">a–c</emphasis>
|
||
are more tapered and pointed than illustrated, and also tapered more distally than illustrated by Colless, Bram and Sirivanakarn for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA520A36FE99F87EFE425DEE" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1914" box="[346,467,2001,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Lophoceratomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtipalpis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FE99F87EFE425DEE" box="[346,467,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">curtipalpis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Foliform seta
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA520A36FD46F87DFD025DEE" box="[645,659,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">g</emphasis>
|
||
is not shown in the drawing, but it probably was not seen by Brug because it is very faint and difficult to see even under differential interference contrast microscopy, which we used to examine the genitalia. Surprisingly, it is much longer and narrower than seta
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA510A35FBDCFF14FBBC5AD1" box="[1055,1069,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">g</emphasis>
|
||
shown in the illustrations of the genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA510A35FEDEFF70FE075AFC" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1914" box="[285,406,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Lophoceratomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtipalpis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA510A35FEDEFF70FE075AFC" box="[285,406,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">curtipalpis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provided by Colless, Bram and Sirivanakarn, which is short and very broad, about as broad as long. It is likely that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA510A35FE60FEACFD155B18" author="Sirivanakarn, S." box="[419,644,259,285]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 245" refId="ref178587" refString="Sirivanakarn, S. (1977) Medical entomology studies - VI. A revision of the subgenus Lophoceraomyia of the genus Culex in the Oriental Region (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 13 (4), iii + 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="1977">Sirivanakarn (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also did not see seta
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA510A35FCB5FEACFC155B19" box="[886,900,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">g</emphasis>
|
||
when he examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA510A35FB52FEACFB625B18" box="[1169,1267,259,285]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA510A35FAD9FEACFA0C5B19" authorityName="Brug" authorityYear="1931" box="[1306,1437,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA510A35FAD9FEACFA0C5B19" box="[1306,1437,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(he undoubtedly used traditional bright-field microscopy), otherwise he would have noted this obvious difference in his description of the species. These differences, along with the absence of modified tufts of setae or scales on the antennal flagellum, are a clear indication that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA510A35FD03FEC0FCD25B8D" authorityName="Brug" authorityYear="1931" box="[704,835,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA510A35FD03FEC0FCD25B8D" box="[704,835,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a species distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA510A35FBA7FEC0FB4C5B8C" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1914" box="[1124,1245,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Lophoceratomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtipalpis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA510A35FBA7FEC0FB4C5B8C" box="[1124,1245,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">curtipalpis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based solely on the antennal characteristics, both forms have been found in areas of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA510A35FC5AFE3CFB9E5BA8" box="[921,1039,403,429]" name="Cambodia" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA510A35FBD8FE3CFB195BA8" box="[1051,1160,403,429]" name="Indonesia" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA510A35FB54FE3CFB695BA8" box="[1175,1272,403,429]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA510A35FAF5FE3CFA085BA8" box="[1334,1433,403,429]" name="Vietnam" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Considering this apparent sympatry and the morphological distinctions exhibited by the adult male, we believe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA510A35FF54FE74FE815BF0" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,272,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Lophoceratomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtipalpis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA510A35FF54FE74FE815BF0" box="[151,272,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">curtipalpis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA510A35FE8EFE74FE415BF1" authorityName="Brug" authorityYear="1931" box="[333,464,475,500]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA510A35FE8EFE74FE415BF1" box="[333,464,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are genetically distinct species and hereby reinstate the latter to its original specific status:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA510A35FF25FE51FCB2581D" authority="Brug, 1931" authorityName="Brug" authorityYear="1931" box="[230,803,510,537]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatranus" subGenus="Lophoceraomyia">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA510A35FF25FE51FCB2581D" bold="true" box="[230,803,510,537]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA510A35FF25FE51FEBB581C" bold="true" box="[230,298,510,537]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Culex</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA510A35FEFFFE51FE6F581C" bold="true" box="[316,510,510,537]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Lophoceraomyia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA510A35FDCCFE50FD09581C" bold="true" box="[527,664,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
Brug, 1931
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA510A35FCF1FE50FC6F581D" authorityName="Brug" authorityYear="1931" box="[818,1022,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA510A35FCF1FE50FC6F581D" box="[818,1022,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Culex sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently listed as a species in the Encyclopedia of Life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA510A35FF04FDE8FAD95984" blockId="98.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA510A35FF04FDE8FE075865" authorityName="Brug" authorityYear="1931" box="[199,406,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA510A35FF04FDE8FE075865" box="[199,406,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Culex sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a single synonym,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA510A35FD69FDE8FB625864" authority="Chang, Zhao, Hang & Chen, 1975" authorityName="Chang, Zhao, Hang & Chen" authorityYear="1975" box="[682,1267,582,609]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gudouensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA510A35FD69FDE8FCC85864" box="[682,857,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Cx. gudouensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA510A35FCA0FDE8FB625864" author="Chang, H. - T. & Zhao, S. X. & Hang, B. - X. & Chen, S. - F." box="[867,1267,582,609]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="338 - 340" refId="ref147745" refString="Chang, H. - T., Zhao, S. X., Hang, B. - X. & Chen, S. - F. (1975) A new species of Culex. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 18 (3), 338 - 340. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1975">Chang, Zhao, Hang & Chen, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA510A35FAC7FDE8FAA75864" box="[1284,1334,583,609]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: Xin-hui Shien, Kwangtung Province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA510A35FD85FDC4FC155880" box="[582,900,619,645]" name="China" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">People’s Republic of China</collectingCountry>
|
||
), which was synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA510A35FB37FDC4FAE65881" authorityName="Brug" authorityYear="1931" box="[1268,1399,619,644]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA510A35FB37FDC4FAE65881" box="[1268,1399,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA510A35FF54FD20FE1E58AC" author="Meng, Q. & Chen, H." box="[151,399,655,681]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="161 - 164" refId="ref169990" refString="Meng, Q. & Chen, H. (1980) Arguments on the taxonomic positions of six species of Culex from China. Entomotaxonomia, 2 (2), 161 - 164. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1980">Meng & Chen (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The illustration of the subapical lobe of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA510A35FCA1FD20FB9F58AC" authorityName="Chang, Zhao, Hang & Chen" authorityYear="1975" box="[866,1038,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gudouensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA510A35FCA1FD20FB9F58AC" box="[866,1038,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Cx. gudouensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA510A35FB66FD20FA1058AC" author="Chang, H. - T. & Zhao, S. X. & Hang, B. - X. & Chen, S. - F." box="[1189,1409,654,681]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="338 - 340" refId="ref147745" refString="Chang, H. - T., Zhao, S. X., Hang, B. - X. & Chen, S. - F. (1975) A new species of Culex. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 18 (3), 338 - 340. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1975">
|
||
Chang
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA510A35FB35FD20FAB958AC" box="[1270,1320,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1975)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is very poor. There is no indication of seta
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA510A35FD9EFD1CFDFA58C9" box="[605,619,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">g</emphasis>
|
||
, but Meng & Chen examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA510A35FC2AFD1CFB8858C8" box="[1001,1049,691,717]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens and noted the presence of a “broad leaf” that was “ignored in the original description” (translated from the Chinese). This does not clearly indicate, however, whether seta
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA510A35FDC5FD54FD855911" box="[518,532,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">g</emphasis>
|
||
is like that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA510A35FD7EFD54FCF45910" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1914" box="[701,869,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Lophoceratomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtipalpis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA510A35FD7EFD54FCF45910" box="[701,869,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Cx. curtipalpis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA510A35FC4DFD54FBD15911" authorityName="Brug" authorityYear="1931" box="[910,1088,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA510A35FC4DFD54FBD15911" box="[910,1088,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Cx. sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but Meng & Chen also noted that a tuft of specialized short setae was present only on the seventh flagellomere of the antenna, and used this as the primary character to support the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA510A35FD11FCECFCEF5958" authorityName="Chang, Zhao, Hang & Chen" authorityYear="1975" box="[722,894,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gudouensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA510A35FD11FCECFCEF5958" box="[722,894,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Cx. gudouensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unless other information becomes available to indicate otherwise,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA510A35FEB1FCC8FD8C5984" authorityName="Chang, Zhao, Hang & Chen" authorityYear="1975" box="[370,541,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gudouensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA510A35FEB1FCC8FD8C5984" box="[370,541,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Cx. gudouensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should continue to be recognized as junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA510A35FB52FCC8FAD05985" authorityName="Brug" authorityYear="1931" box="[1169,1345,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA510A35FB52FCC8FAD05985" box="[1169,1345,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Cx. sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |