595 lines
69 KiB
XML
595 lines
69 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="55FD1D316D79F98142009042DDA315C2">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="81D42C842EE19D8A634C07FA276B5077">Harbach, Ralph E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="447A9CA2842C107ADDAE03275654B730">Wilkerson, Richard C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0AB95F2891AAADC376BFCF7CD9744FFC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8830DCC605FC0100D57247ABCDE0F3B8">
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<mods:date id="3CD0498D28DF1ABF7F8E7732033DFF24">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBA500A33FF54FE89FA955DD8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8064265" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700478" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8064265" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA500A33FF54FE89FA955DD8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBA500A33FF54FE89FA955DD8" lastPageId="100" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA500A34FF54FE89FD025B44" box="[151,659,294,321]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA500A34FF54FE89FD025B44" blockId="99.[151,659,294,321]" box="[151,659,294,321]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
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<heading id="C54581B7BA500A34FF54FE89FD025B44" bold="true" box="[151,659,294,321]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FF54FE89FD025B44" ID-CoL="8BMZZ" authority="Theobald" authorityName="Theobald" box="[151,659,294,321]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis" subGenus="Maillotia">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FF54FE89FD025B44" bold="true" box="[151,659,294,321]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FF54FE89FF4E5B44" bold="true" box="[151,223,294,321]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Culex</emphasis>
|
||
(
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FF33FE89FECE5B44" bold="true" box="[240,351,294,321]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Maillotia</emphasis>
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||
)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FEB3FE89FD845B44" bold="true" box="[368,533,294,321]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">salisburiensis</emphasis>
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Theobald
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA500A34FF54FEC4FB84583E" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA500A34FF54FEC4FCD05BA7" blockId="99.[151,1437,363,571]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
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subspecies
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||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FEC9FEC4FD855B86" ID-CoL="88F63" authority="de Meillon, 1935" authorityName="de Meillon" authorityYear="1935" box="[266,532,363,387]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FEC9FEC4FEF25B86" bold="true" box="[266,355,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">capensis</emphasis>
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de Meillon, 1935
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</taxonomicName>
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—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FCD2FEC4FB4A5B86" ID-CoL="88F63" authorityName="de Meillon" authorityYear="1935" box="[785,1243,363,387]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="salisburiensis" subGenus="Neoculex" variety="capensis">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FCD2FEC4FCDD5B86" box="[785,844,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Culex</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FC99FEC4FC295B86" box="[858,952,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Neoculex</emphasis>
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||
)
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FC04FEC4FBC35B86" box="[967,1106,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">salisburiensis</emphasis>
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||
var.
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FB47FEC3FB4A5B86" box="[1156,1243,364,387]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">capensis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(subspecific status by
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA500A34FF25FE25FEF05BA7" author="White, G. B." box="[230,353,394,418]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="303 - 344" refId="ref184541" refString="White, G. B. (1975) Notes on a catalogue of Culicidae of the Ethiopian Region. Mosquito Systematics, 7 (4), 303 - 344." type="journal article" year="1975">White 1975</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Distribution:
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FE39FE25FDEA5BA7" box="[506,635,394,418]" name="South Africa" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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(de Meillon 1935).
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA500A34FF54FE07FE735BDA" blockId="99.[151,1437,363,571]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
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||
subspecies
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||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FED2FE07FE7C5BC5" authority="Doucet, 1949" authorityName="Doucet" authorityYear="1949" box="[273,493,424,448]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coursi">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FED2FE07FEC35BC5" bold="true" box="[273,338,424,448]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">coursi</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA500A34FE9CFE06FE7C5BC5" author="Doucet, J." box="[351,493,424,448]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="121 - 145" refId="ref151989" refString="Doucet, J. (1949) Etude des Culicidae (Diptera) du lac Alaotra. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, Serie A, 3 (2), 121 - 145." type="journal article" year="1949">Doucet, 1949</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—original combination:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FD34FE07FCEF5BC5" authorityName="Doucet" authorityYear="1949" box="[759,894,424,448]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coursi">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FD34FE07FCEF5BC5" box="[759,894,424,448]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Culex coursi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(subspecific status by
|
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA500A34FB42FE07FA935BC5" author="White, G. B." box="[1153,1282,424,448]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="303 - 344" refId="ref184541" refString="White, G. B. (1975) Notes on a catalogue of Culicidae of the Ethiopian Region. Mosquito Systematics, 7 (4), 303 - 344." type="journal article" year="1975">White 1975</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Distribution:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FF04FE68FED05BDA" box="[199,321,455,479]" name="Madagascar" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA500A34FE8CFE68FE465BDA" author="Doucet, J." box="[335,471,455,479]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="121 - 145" refId="ref151989" refString="Doucet, J. (1949) Etude des Culicidae (Diptera) du lac Alaotra. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, Serie A, 3 (2), 121 - 145." type="journal article" year="1949">Doucet 1949</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA500A34FF54FE49FB84583E" blockId="99.[151,1437,363,571]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
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||
subspecies
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||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FED2FE4AFD345BFB" ID-CoL="8BMZZ" authority="Theobald, 1901 b" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[273,677,485,510]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FED2FE4AFE0E5BF8" bold="true" box="[273,415,485,509]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA500A34FE68FE49FDCF5BFB" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[427,606,486,510]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="229 - 235" refId="ref181478" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 b) The classification of mosquitoes. Journal of Tropical Medicine, 4, 229 - 235." type="journal article" year="1901">Theobald, 1901b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA500A34FDA8FE49FD345BFB" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[619,677,486,510]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" refId="ref181504" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 c) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 391 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1901">1901c</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FC72FE49FB155BFB" ID-CoL="8BMZZ" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[945,1156,486,510]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FC72FE49FB155BFB" box="[945,1156,486,510]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Culex salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. Distribution:
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FAE5FE49FA0D5BFB" box="[1318,1436,486,510]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Democratic</collectingCountry>
|
||
Republic of the Congo,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FE02FDAAFD975818" box="[449,518,517,541]" name="Kenya" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FDD1FDABFDF75819" box="[530,614,516,540]" name="Lesotho" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Lesotho</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FDB1FDABFD7F5819" box="[626,750,516,540]" name="Madagascar" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FD39FDABFCD85819" box="[762,841,516,540]" name="Nigeria" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FC97FDABFC4D5819" box="[852,988,516,540]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FC2BFDABFBFC5819" box="[1000,1133,516,540]" name="South Africa" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FBBAFDABFB6A5819" box="[1145,1275,516,540]" name="South Sudan" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
[but not
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FA9EFDABFA0D5819" box="[1373,1436,516,540]" name="Sudan" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA500A34FF0DFD8CFE01583E" author="Simsaa, M. A. A. & Harbach, R. E. & Almalik, A. M. A. & Ahmed, E. M. & Esia, A. A. & Mohamed, A. H. & Azrag, R. S." box="[206,400,547,571]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="401 - 411" refId="ref178377" refString="Simsaa, M. A. A., Harbach, R. E., Almalik, A. M. A., Ahmed, E. M., Esia, A. A., Mohamed, A. H. & Azrag, R. S. (2021) Culex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) recorded along the Nile River in northern Sudan, with a key for the identification of all species of the genus known to occur in the country. Zootaxa, 4963 (3), 401 - 411. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4963.3.1" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Simsaa
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FEDCFD8BFEDD583E" box="[287,332,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)],
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FE6BFD8CFE68583E" box="[424,505,547,571]" name="Uganda" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FDC0FD8BFDDD583E" box="[515,588,548,571]" name="Yemen" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FD95FD8CFD37583E" box="[598,678,547,571]" name="Zambia" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FD73FD8CFC8D583E" box="[688,796,547,571]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA500A34FCE9FD8CFB9B583E" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[810,1034,547,571]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Wilkerson
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FC59FD8BFC56583E" box="[922,967,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA500A33FF54FDCCFA955DD8" lastPageId="100" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA500A34FF54FDCCFD065F2C" blockId="99.[151,1437,611,1609]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||
This is another of the many Afrotropical species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FD2DFDCCFCBE5878" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[750,815,611,637]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FD2DFDCCFCBE5878" box="[750,815,611,637]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Culex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that have been poorly collected, little studied and are imperfectly known taxonomically. Many nominal species placed in the genus have been reduced to subspecies or synonyms when they were not studied as part of revisionary works. This applies to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA500A34FB87FD04FB4C58C0" author="White, G. B." box="[1092,1245,682,709]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="303 - 344" refId="ref184541" refString="White, G. B. (1975) Notes on a catalogue of Culicidae of the Ethiopian Region. Mosquito Systematics, 7 (4), 303 - 344." type="journal article" year="1975">White (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who recognized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FF54FD60FD8358EC" authority="de Meillon, 1935" authorityName="de Meillon" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,530,718,745]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="salisburiensis" variety="capensis">
|
||
variety
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FF2FFD60FEDD58ED" box="[236,332,719,744]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">capensis</emphasis>
|
||
de Meillon, 1935
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FD0BFD60FC3A58EC" authority="Doucet, 1949" authorityName="Doucet" authorityYear="1949" box="[712,939,719,745]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coursi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FD0BFD60FC9F58ED" box="[712,782,719,744]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">coursi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA500A34FCD7FD60FC3A58EC" author="Doucet, J." box="[788,939,719,745]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="121 - 145" refId="ref151989" refString="Doucet, J. (1949) Etude des Culicidae (Diptera) du lac Alaotra. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, Serie A, 3 (2), 121 - 145." type="journal article" year="1949">Doucet, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FBAFFD60FA9758EC" box="[1132,1286,719,745]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FBAFFD60FA9758EC" box="[1132,1286,719,745]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FF75FD5CFE875909" authorityName="de Meillon" authorityYear="1935" box="[182,278,755,780]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FF75FD5CFE875909" box="[182,278,755,780]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is clouded by the loss of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA500A34FDA0FD5CFD025908" box="[611,659,755,781]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material, the original description based only on the adult female and its synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FEB6FCB8FD9E5934" box="[373,527,791,817]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FEB6FCB8FD9E5934" box="[373,527,791,817]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA500A34FDFDFCB8FD665934" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[574,759,791,817]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The issue is further complicated by the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FAB5FCB8FDF75950" authority="Muspratt, 1961" authorityName="Muspratt" authorityYear="1961" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="salisburiensis" subSpecies="naudeanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FAB5FCB8FE235950" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Cx. salisburiensis naudeanus</emphasis>
|
||
Muspratt, 1961
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA500A34FD6FFC94FCC05950" box="[684,849,827,853]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Cape Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FCBBFC94FB985950" box="[888,1033,827,853]" name="South Africa" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which includes the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA500A34FB32FC94FAB05950" box="[1265,1313,827,853]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FF54FCF0FF66597D" authorityName="de Meillon" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,247,863,888]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FF54FCF0FF66597D" box="[151,247,863,888]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As surmized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA500A34FE7DFCF0FDC6597C" author="White, G. B." box="[446,599,862,889]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="303 - 344" refId="ref184541" refString="White, G. B. (1975) Notes on a catalogue of Culicidae of the Ethiopian Region. Mosquito Systematics, 7 (4), 303 - 344." type="journal article" year="1975">White (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Muspratt “dismissed the availability of the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FB51FCF0FB63597D" authorityName="de Meillon" authorityYear="1935" box="[1170,1266,863,888]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FB51FCF0FB63597D" box="[1170,1266,863,888]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because of the lack of type-material. He might also have wanted to allow for it being a species distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FB79FC2CFAC55998" box="[1210,1364,899,925]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FB79FC2CFAC55998" box="[1210,1364,899,925]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, since its identity cannot be completely resolved until further topotypic material is obtained. However, the published description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FEF5FC64FE0759E1" authorityName="de Meillon" authorityYear="1935" box="[310,406,971,996]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FEF5FC64FE0759E1" box="[310,406,971,996]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
quite supports its inclusion as a form [subspecies] of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FC22FC64FBEA59E0" box="[993,1147,971,997]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FC22FC64FBEA59E0" box="[993,1147,971,997]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.” But how the description supports Mattingly’s conclusion is questionable as it only states that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FC4BFC40FC795E0D" authorityName="de Meillon" authorityYear="1935" box="[904,1000,1007,1032]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FC4BFC40FC795E0D" box="[904,1000,1007,1032]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FBB7FC40FA9F5E0C" box="[1140,1294,1007,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FBB7FC40FA9F5E0C" box="[1140,1294,1007,1033]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but is darker and the proboscis is slightly longer than the forefemur. It is interesting to note that de Meillon (1935) questioned the recognition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FEA6FB98FE545E55" authorityName="de Meillon" authorityYear="1935" box="[357,453,1079,1104]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FEA6FB98FE545E55" box="[357,453,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a mere variety of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FD73FB98FCDB5E54" box="[688,842,1079,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FD73FB98FCDB5E54" box="[688,842,1079,1105]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: “Unfortunately, we did not collect any males, so for the present we have given this insect varietal rank only.” Unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FCBEFBF4FBC35E70" authority=", Muspratt" authorityName="Muspratt" box="[893,1106,1115,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FCBEFBF4FC4C5E71" box="[893,989,1115,1140]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">capensis</emphasis>
|
||
, Muspratt
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FB0CFBF4FAD95E70" box="[1231,1352,1115,1141]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">naudeanus</emphasis>
|
||
from a series of males and females with associated larval and pupal exuviae and fourth-instar larvae, and found that “This form appears to differ chiefly from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FDF6FB0CFD635EB8" box="[565,754,1187,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FDF6FB0CFD635EB8" box="[565,754,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">C. salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
*) in the larval comb and pecten spines… which are quite distinct.”—the asterisk and parenthesis refer to a footnote that says “The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FC18FB68FA965EE4" authority="De Meill." authorityName="de Meillon" authorityYear="1935" box="[987,1287,1223,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="salisburiensis" variety="capensis">
|
||
variety
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FBF2FB68FB005EE5" box="[1073,1169,1223,1248]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">capensis</emphasis>
|
||
De Meill.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could not be compared owing to lack of
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA500A34FE0EFB44FE6C5F00" box="[461,509,1259,1285]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens.” As for the male genitalia, Muspratt stated that “no differences [were] found from [the]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FE9AFAA0FE625F2C" box="[345,499,1295,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FE9AFAA0FE625F2C" box="[345,499,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
typical form.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA500A34FF04FA9CFD705C4C" blockId="99.[151,1437,611,1609]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||
Knight (1953) identified a male and
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA500A34FDA7FA9CFD7C5F48" box="[612,749,1331,1357]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
|
||
with associated larval and pupal exuviae collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FA8DFA9CFA0D5F48" box="[1358,1436,1331,1357]" name="Yemen" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
as specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FE95FAF8FD8E5F74" box="[342,543,1367,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FE95FAF8FD8E5F74" box="[342,543,1367,1393]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Cx. salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but questioned the identification because of many differences noted between the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FF03FAD4FE9F5F90" box="[192,270,1403,1429]" name="Yemen" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
adults and the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FD9DFAD4FD695F90" box="[606,760,1403,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FD9DFAD4FD695F90" box="[606,760,1403,1429]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA500A34FC4DFAD4FBD75F90" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[910,1094,1403,1429]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. To confirm the identification, Knight sent a full description of the specimens and a drawing of the male genitalia (fig.
|
||
<quantity id="594A9B3EBA500A34FBB6FA30FB305FBC" box="[1141,1185,1439,1465]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
Knight 1953) to Peter Mattingly for comparison with specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA500A34FD57FA6CFCBF5FD8" box="[660,814,1475,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FD57FA6CFCBF5FD8" box="[660,814,1475,1501]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
deposited in the museum in London known at the time as the British Museum (Natural History). Comparisons were made with specimens from [South]
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FB35FA48FAAE5C04" box="[1270,1343,1511,1537]" name="Sudan" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FA8FFA48FA095C04" box="[1356,1432,1511,1537]" name="Kenya" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FF54F9A4FF7C5C20" box="[151,237,1547,1573]" name="Zambia" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(as N.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FEF9F9A4FE365C20" box="[314,423,1547,1573]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Rhodesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FE7BF9A4FDA15C20" box="[440,560,1547,1573]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
(as S.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FDBAF9A4FD725C20" box="[633,739,1547,1573]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Rhodesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and many locations in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FC2AF9A4FBE95C20" box="[1001,1144,1547,1573]" name="South Africa" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, including
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA500A34FB31F9A4FA085C20" box="[1266,1433,1547,1573]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Cape Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Mattingly responded with the following assessment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA500A34FF04F9D6FB685DFD" blockId="99.[199,1384,1656,2040]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||
I am afraid almost all of the differences you noted are due to errors in Edwards’ description. The only difference of any significance is that, while the Nairobi males have terminalia [genitalia] identical with the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FBB1F932FB285CB1" box="[1138,1209,1693,1716]" name="Yemen" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
form, those from further south lack the longest of three accessory bristles [seta
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA500A34FCFEF96EFCD55CDC" box="[829,836,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">f</emphasis>
|
||
] on the subapical lobe and one of the two small setae on the dististyle [gonostylus]. It is clear therefore that we have a northern and a southern form but it is impossible to say which is the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA500A34FEAEF8A6FE085D24" box="[365,409,1801,1825]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">type</typeStatus>
|
||
form since I have no males from
|
||
<collectingCounty id="776C4E57BA500A34FD2AF8A7FCD85D25" box="[745,841,1800,1824]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Salisbury</collectingCounty>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA500A34FC97F8A6FC0F5D25" box="[852,926,1801,1824]" country="Zimbabwe" name="Harare" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Harare</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FC64F8A7FB8C5D25" box="[935,1053,1800,1824]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
]….
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7E69ACA1BA500A34FB82F8A6FBC15D25" box="[1089,1104,1801,1824]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">It</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
may be possible eventually to distinguish two subspecies.
|
||
<location id="9B6D6000BA500A34FE39F883FDB05D41" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA500A33FF54FE89FA955DD8:9B6D6000BA500A34FE39F883FDB05D41" box="[506,545,1836,1860]" country="Yemen" county="Salisbury" municipality="It" name="The" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" stateProvince="Harare">The</location>
|
||
southern forms are certainly much darker than yours, especially with respect to the scutal scaling but the
|
||
<location id="9B6D6000BA500A34FE58F8FFFE795D6D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA500A33FF54FE89FA955DD8:9B6D6000BA500A34FE58F8FFFE795D6D" box="[411,488,1872,1896]" country="Yemen" county="Salisbury" municipality="It" name="Nairobi" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" stateProvince="Harare">Nairobi</location>
|
||
specimens are intermediate and, I should think, would probably intergrade in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FB2AF8FFFAA05D6D" box="[1257,1329,1872,1896]" name="Eritrea" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="9B6D6000BA500A34FAF4F8FFFAF65D6D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA500A33FF54FE89FA955DD8:9B6D6000BA500A34FAF4F8FFFAF65D6D" box="[1335,1383,1872,1896]" country="Yemen" county="Salisbury" municipality="It" name="Also" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" stateProvince="Harare">Also</location>
|
||
the
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA500A34FF2EF8DAFE155D89" box="[237,388,1908,1932]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from Chilanga [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA500A34FDE9F8DBFDEC5D89" box="[554,637,1908,1932]" name="Zambia" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
] suggest that there is considerable seasonal variation since one, collected in January, is very dark, while the other collected in November, is as pale as the Nairobi form. Edwards’ figure for the length of the female palps [maxillary palpi] seems to have been based on a single aberrant or shrunken specimen; and the tergal bands are variable, even in the same locality. The other differences are just errors in description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA570A33FF04FF38FB9D5AFC" blockId="100.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
|
||
As confirmation of the errors in Edwards’s description, we note that seta
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FC21FF38FC615AB5" box="[994,1008,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">g</emphasis>
|
||
of the subapical lobe of the gonocoxite illustrated by Knight as having “a distinctive angular and serrate margin and with a distinctive median pigmented area” bears no resemblance to the simple leaf illustrated by Edwards (fig. 83a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA570A33FF04FEACFCF559CC" blockId="100.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
|
||
Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA570A33FEF9FEACFE425B18" author="White, G. B." box="[314,467,258,285]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="303 - 344" refId="ref184541" refString="White, G. B. (1975) Notes on a catalogue of Culicidae of the Ethiopian Region. Mosquito Systematics, 7 (4), 303 - 344." type="journal article" year="1975">White (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FDBFFEACFD645B18" box="[636,757,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">naudeanus</emphasis>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FCF8FEACFC0A5B19" box="[827,923,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FCF8FEACFC0A5B19" box="[827,923,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this was apparently unknown to or ignored by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA570A33FF78FE88FED55B44" author="Jupp, P. G." box="[187,324,295,321]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" refId="ref161745" refString="Jupp, P. G. (1996) Mosquitoes of southern Africa: Culicinae and Toxorhynchitinae. Ekogilde Publishers, Hartebeespoort, 156 pp." type="book" year="1996">Jupp (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who treated
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FE1FFE88FDC45B44" box="[476,597,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">naudeanus</emphasis>
|
||
as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FCEEFE88FC565B44" box="[813,967,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FCEEFE88FC565B44" box="[813,967,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He distinguished the larva of
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FAE0FE88FA0D5B44" box="[1315,1436,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">naudeanus</emphasis>
|
||
from the larva of the typical form in a key and an illustration of the terminal abdominal segments, and illustrated the gonocoxite and phallosome of the male genitalia. His study was based on specimens collected in southern Africa that were housed in the former National Institute for Virology and the South African Institute for Medical Research, which were united in the year 2000 to form the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA570A33FD7EFE18FCDC5BD4" box="[701,845,439,465]" name="South Africa" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
National Institute for Communicable Diseases. The two forms in southern Africa are clearly easily distinguished by the form of the comb scales and pecten spines, as originally noted by Muspratt (1961). Subspecies
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FD71FE50FCBA581C" box="[690,811,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">naudeanus</emphasis>
|
||
differs from the typical form in having mostly spine-like comb scales with saw tooth-like lateral margins and simple curved darkly pigmented pecten spines. In the typical form, the comb scales are evenly fringed and the pecten spines have a row of proximal denticles. It should also be noted that head seta 5-C is about as long and thick as seta 6-C in larvae of
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FC2FFDC4FBF45880" box="[1004,1125,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">naudeanus</emphasis>
|
||
, as opposed to being about half as long and thinner in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA570A33FE24FD20FD8658AC" box="[487,535,655,681]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">type</typeStatus>
|
||
form (Muspratt 1961). A comparison of the drawings of the gonocoxite provided by Knight (1953) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA570A33FE51FD1CFD8858C8" author="Jupp, P. G." box="[402,537,691,717]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" refId="ref161745" refString="Jupp, P. G. (1996) Mosquitoes of southern Africa: Culicinae and Toxorhynchitinae. Ekogilde Publishers, Hartebeespoort, 156 pp." type="book" year="1996">Jupp (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicates that setal group
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FC82FD1CFCF458C8" box="[833,869,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">d–f</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FC48FD1CFB9558C8" box="[907,1028,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">naudeanus</emphasis>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FBEEFD1CFB1C58C9" box="[1069,1165,691,716]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FBEEFD1CFB1C58C9" box="[1069,1165,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) consists of fewer setae and seta
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FEC2FD78FE9E58F5" box="[257,271,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">g</emphasis>
|
||
has a more globose head and a narrower stem. One can only imagine how many other differences would be found to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FE35FD54FDC75911" box="[502,598,763,788]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FE35FD54FDC75911" box="[502,598,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the typical form if the adults, larvae and pupae were subjected to a comprehensive comparative anatomical study. Based on the distinctive differences in structures of the larvae and male genitalia, and also because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FDC9FCECFDFB5959" box="[522,618,835,860]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FDC9FCECFDFB5959" box="[522,618,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA570A33FD0FFCECFD6D5958" box="[716,764,835,861]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">type</typeStatus>
|
||
form occur in the same geographical areas, we believe that further study will reveal that the former is a genetically separate species; thus, we believe that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FB04FCC8FAB65985" box="[1223,1319,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FB04FCC8FAB65985" box="[1223,1319,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be formally afforded species status:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FDC4FC25FB9159A1" authority="de Meillon, 1935" authorityName="de Meillon" authorityYear="1935" box="[519,1024,906,933]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis" subGenus="Maillotia">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FDC4FC25FB9159A1" bold="true" box="[519,1024,906,933]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FDC4FC25FDDA59A0" bold="true" box="[519,587,906,933]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Culex</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FD98FC25FD5459A0" bold="true" box="[603,709,906,933]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Maillotia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FD17FC24FCA759A0" bold="true" box="[724,822,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">capensis</emphasis>
|
||
de Meillon, 1935
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FBCEFC24FB2559A1" authorityName="de Meillon" authorityYear="1935" box="[1037,1204,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FBCEFC24FB2559A1" box="[1037,1204,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Culex capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
needs to be added to the list of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FECBFC00FE3059CC" box="[264,417,943,969]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FECBFC00FED859CC" box="[264,329,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Culex</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recognized in the Encyclopedia of Life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA570A33FF04FC7CFA1A5CE4" blockId="100.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FE8FFC7CFE0359E9" authorityName="Doucet" authorityYear="1949" box="[332,402,979,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coursi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FE8FFC7CFE0359E9" box="[332,402,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">coursi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described as a full species based on larvae collected at the edge of a rice field on the road between Bejofo and Amparafaravola in the Alaotra-Mangoro Region of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA570A33FC2EFC58FBE55E14" box="[1005,1140,1015,1041]" name="Madagascar" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA570A33FB41FC58FA875E14" author="Doucet, J." box="[1154,1302,1015,1041]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="121 - 145" refId="ref151989" refString="Doucet, J. (1949) Etude des Culicidae (Diptera) du lac Alaotra. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, Serie A, 3 (2), 121 - 145." type="journal article" year="1949">Doucet 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The adults are unknown.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA570A33FEFEFBB4FE475E30" author="White, G. B." box="[317,470,1050,1077]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="303 - 344" refId="ref184541" refString="White, G. B. (1975) Notes on a catalogue of Culicidae of the Ethiopian Region. Mosquito Systematics, 7 (4), 303 - 344." type="journal article" year="1975">White (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
dismissed the specific status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FC96FBB4FC0A5E31" authorityName="Doucet" authorityYear="1949" box="[853,923,1051,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coursi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FC96FBB4FC0A5E31" box="[853,923,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">coursi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on his perception that “the published description differs insufficiently from that of [the]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FD23FB90FCEB5E5C" box="[736,890,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FD23FB90FCEB5E5C" box="[736,890,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
type-form to warrant maintaining
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FAC9FB90FAC15E5D" authorityName="Doucet" authorityYear="1949" box="[1290,1360,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coursi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FAC9FB90FAC15E5D" box="[1290,1360,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">coursi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
above subspecific rank.” We have carefully examined the description (in French, translated into English by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA570A33FB35FBCCFA055E78" author="Hopkins, G. H. E." box="[1270,1428,1122,1149]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" refId="ref160249" refString="Hopkins, G. H. E. (1952) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region I. - Larval bionomics of mosquitoes and taxonomy of culicine larvae. 2 nd Edition. British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 355 pp." type="book" year="1952">Hopkins 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and illustrations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FEB6FB28FE2A5EA5" authorityName="Doucet" authorityYear="1949" box="[373,443,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coursi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FEB6FB28FE2A5EA5" box="[373,443,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">coursi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provided by Doucet and it seems obvious that White completely misjudged the degree of morphological distinction from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FDE0FB04FD2C5EC0" box="[547,701,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FDE0FB04FD2C5EC0" box="[547,701,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FCA1FB04FC395EC1" authorityName="Doucet" authorityYear="1949" box="[866,936,1195,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coursi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FCA1FB04FC395EC1" box="[866,936,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">coursi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bears the following exceptional differences from the larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FE98FB60FD325EEC" authority=": Dorsomentum" authorityName="Dorsomentum" box="[347,675,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FE98FB60FE645EEC" box="[347,501,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
: Dorsomentum
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differently shaped, resembling an equilateral triangle with six acute lateral teeth (more convex with four or five larger blunter lateral teeth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FC0FFB5CFBF75F08" box="[972,1126,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FC0FFB5CFBF75F08" box="[972,1126,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); comb comprised of about 35 rather broad scales with a fringe of rather coarse spicules (about 40–50 narrower scales with an even fringe of slender spicules in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FEB1FA94FD9D5F50" box="[370,524,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FEB1FA94FD9D5F50" box="[370,524,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); siphon relatively short, broad at the base and tapered to the apex, index about 5 (siphon longer, more or less cylindrical, index about
|
||
<quantity id="594A9B3EBA570A33FCCAFAF0FCA45F7C" box="[777,821,1375,1401]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FCFDFAF0FC495F7C" box="[830,984,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FCFDFAF0FC495F7C" box="[830,984,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); three pairs of seta 1-S, each seta with 2–4 branches and distinctly shorter than the diameter of the siphon (four to six pairs of seta 1-S, each seta with 5–8 branches and distinctly longer that the diameter of the siphon in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FCA3FA08FC6B5FC4" box="[864,1018,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FCA3FA08FC6B5FC4" box="[864,1018,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); siphon with two anterolateral setae, each with 2 or 3 branches (siphon with three anterolateral setae, each with 1 or 2 branches in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FB78FA64FAC45FE0" box="[1211,1365,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FB78FA64FAC45FE0" box="[1211,1365,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); anal papillae about as long as the saddle, dorsal pair about the same length as the ventral pair (anal papillae shorter than the saddle, dorsal pair distinctly shorter than the ventral pair in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FC9FF9BCFC675C28" box="[860,1014,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FC9FF9BCFC675C28" box="[860,1014,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Based on these striking differences, we agree with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA570A33FEFBF998FE485C54" author="Doucet, J." box="[312,473,1591,1617]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="121 - 145" refId="ref151989" refString="Doucet, J. (1949) Etude des Culicidae (Diptera) du lac Alaotra. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, Serie A, 3 (2), 121 - 145." type="journal article" year="1949">Doucet (1949)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA570A33FDCEF998FD2D5C54" author="Hopkins, G. H. E." box="[525,700,1590,1617]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" refId="ref160249" refString="Hopkins, G. H. E. (1952) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region I. - Larval bionomics of mosquitoes and taxonomy of culicine larvae. 2 nd Edition. British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 355 pp." type="book" year="1952">Hopkins (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FD31F998FCA95C55" authorityName="Doucet" authorityYear="1949" box="[754,824,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coursi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FD31F998FCA95C55" box="[754,824,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">coursi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unlikely to be conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FB72F998FADA5C54" box="[1201,1355,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FB72F998FADA5C54" box="[1201,1355,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which it does not resemble as closely as was perceived by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA570A33FD14F9F4FCE05C70" author="White, G. B." box="[727,881,1626,1653]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="303 - 344" refId="ref184541" refString="White, G. B. (1975) Notes on a catalogue of Culicidae of the Ethiopian Region. Mosquito Systematics, 7 (4), 303 - 344." type="journal article" year="1975">White (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FBD0F9F4FBC85C71" authorityName="Doucet" authorityYear="1949" box="[1043,1113,1627,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coursi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FBD0F9F4FBC85C71" box="[1043,1113,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">coursi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is apparently sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FF54F9D0FEA05C9C" box="[151,305,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FF54F9D0FEA05C9C" box="[151,305,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Lake Alaotra region on the eastern slopes of the central highlands of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA570A33FBACF9D0FB675C9C" box="[1135,1270,1663,1689]" name="Madagascar" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA570A33FAC7F9D0FA065C9C" author="Doucet, J." box="[1284,1431,1663,1689]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="121 - 145" refId="ref151989" refString="Doucet, J. (1949) Etude des Culicidae (Diptera) du lac Alaotra. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, Serie A, 3 (2), 121 - 145." type="journal article" year="1949">Doucet 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA570A33FF54F90CFEFE5CB8" author="Tantely, M. L. & Le Goff, G. & Boyer, S. & Fontenille, D." box="[151,367,1699,1725]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="20" refId="ref181059" refString="Tantely, M. L., Le Goff, G., Boyer, S. & Fontenille, D. (2016) An updated checklist of mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) from Madagascar. Parasite, 23, 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 2016018" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Tantely
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FF31F90CFEB55CB8" box="[242,292,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Obviously, it is necessary for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FD12F90CFC865CB9" authorityName="Doucet" authorityYear="1949" box="[721,791,1699,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coursi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FD12F90CFC865CB9" box="[721,791,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">coursi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be reinstated to its original status as a distinct species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FF54F969FDCB5CE5" authority="Doucet (1949)" authorityName="Doucet" authorityYear="1949" box="[151,602,1734,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coursi" subGenus="Maillotia">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FF54F969FDCB5CE5" bold="true" box="[151,602,1734,1761]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FF54F969FF4A5CE4" bold="true" box="[151,219,1734,1761]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Culex</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FF2FF969FEC75CE4" bold="true" box="[236,342,1734,1761]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Maillotia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FEA5F968FE3F5CE4" bold="true" box="[358,430,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">coursi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA570A33FE76F968FDCB5CE5" author="Doucet, J." box="[437,602,1734,1761]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="121 - 145" refId="ref151989" refString="Doucet, J. (1949) Etude des Culicidae (Diptera) du lac Alaotra. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, Serie A, 3 (2), 121 - 145." type="journal article" year="1949">Doucet (1949)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FDABF968FD665CE5" authorityName="Doucet" authorityYear="1949" box="[616,759,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coursi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FDABF968FD665CE5" box="[616,759,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Culex coursi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently listed as a species in the Encyclopedia of Life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA570A33FF04F944FA955DD8" blockId="100.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
|
||
Two nominal species are recognized as junior synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FCB1F944FBAB5D00" box="[882,1082,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FCB1F944FBAB5D00" box="[882,1082,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Cx. salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FB88F944FA0D5D00" authority="Theobald, 1905 c" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1905" box="[1099,1436,1770,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bostocki">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FB88F944FB475D00" box="[1099,1238,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Cx. bostocki</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA570A33FB1CF944FA0D5D00" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[1247,1436,1770,1797]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="17 - 36" refId="ref181863" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1905 c) New Culicidae from India, Africa, British Guiana, and Australia. Journal of Economic Biology, 1, 17 - 36, 2 pls." type="journal article" year="1905">Theobald, 1905c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA570A33FF5CF8A0FF405D2C" box="[159,209,1807,1833]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA570A33FEF9F8A0FD855D2C" box="[314,532,1807,1833]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Transvaal Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA570A33FDE3F8A0FD205D2C" box="[544,689,1807,1833]" name="South Africa" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FD2DF8A0FACA5D2C" authority="Theobald, 1913 a" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1913" box="[750,1371,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="salisburiensis" variety="amboannulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FD2DF8A0FC245D2C" box="[750,949,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Cx. salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FC2FF8A0FB085D2C" box="[1004,1177,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">amboannulatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA570A33FB63F8A0FACA5D2C" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[1184,1371,1807,1833]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" pagination="315 - 342" refId="ref182345" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1913 a) Second report on the mosquitoes of the Transvaal. In: Union of South Africa, Department of Agriculture, Second Report of the Director of Veterinary Research. Cape Times Limited, Government Printers, Cape Town, pp. 315 - 342, 2 pls." type="journal article" year="1913">Theobald, 1913a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA570A33FAA9F8A0FA0D5D2C" box="[1386,1436,1807,1833]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: Hout Bay, Pinelands and Palmiet River,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA570A33FD12F89CFCEB5D48" box="[721,890,1843,1869]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Cape Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA570A33FC4BF89CFB8E5D48" box="[904,1055,1843,1869]" name="South Africa" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
). These nominal forms are based on descriptions of adult specimens—the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA570A33FDABF8F8FD095D74" box="[616,664,1879,1905]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FCF7F8F8FC005D74" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1905" box="[820,913,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bostocki">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FCF7F8F8FC005D74" box="[820,913,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">bostocki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a female and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA570A33FBB8F8F8FB3A5D74" box="[1147,1195,1879,1905]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FB17F8F8FA105D74" box="[1236,1409,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">amboannulatus</emphasis>
|
||
is a male (genitalia not described or illustrated). In the absence of information about the larvae and male genitalia, it is not possible to know whether the two nominal forms might be conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FB9FF830FB7A5DBD" authorityName="de Meillon" authorityYear="1935" box="[1116,1259,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FB9FF830FB7A5DBD" box="[1116,1259,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Cx. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA570A33FAB5F830FEA05DD8" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salisburiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA570A33FAB5F830FEA05DD8" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Cx. salisburiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; consequently, for the time being they should remain as synonyms of the latter species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |