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<document id="7AE21B9138AEF65539EEEE153D335380" ID-CLB-Dataset="53758" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5303.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="55cb0aa4-25b5-43fc-b545-54697a22b641" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8043342" ID-ZooBank="DE9C1F18-5CEE-4968-9991-075B977966FE" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1686836004935" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Harbach, Ralph E. &amp; Wilkerson, Richard C." docDate="2023" docId="161B87CDBA0E0A68FF54F945FD1F5E14" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5303.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5303 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Anopheles (Cellia) cinereus , Theobald 1901" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="EA22FFB5BA330A57FFC3FFAFFF915A05" masterDocTitle="The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification" masterLastPageNumber="184" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1699524690436" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="A853C634001E946C741AA9E37F405C7F">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="405299660E3F31ADC008C01020F31EA3">Harbach, Ralph E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="10F978F16AEE11B6402783BD8A18861D" type="email">r.harbach@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="51346E01059DDE255451E2D705EB4147">Wilkerson, Richard C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="70C02BD4052ECB3B62A675E998BF124F" type="email">wilkersonr@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="0F36B6FFE5F0F18775BE220B41FB123E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FDA703DDB77766A45F27ED3F15C001E9">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BB6B34214A494CB995224FCBBD3F2C70">5303</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="7A6EC98E3293AC255943A5046C4BAA0D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7C383191B99F42E02EB45097B347C40F" type="CLB-Dataset">53758</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="47F67D35DC7D95DC2469DAAC789C98F2" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5303.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBA0E0A68FF54F945FD1F5E14" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8064204" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700403" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8064204" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA0E0A68FF54F945FD1F5E14" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBA0E0A68FF54F945FD1F5E14" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA0E0A6AFF54F945FDF45D00" box="[151,613,1770,1797]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA0E0A6AFF54F945FDF45D00" blockId="61.[151,613,1770,1797]" box="[151,613,1770,1797]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<heading id="C54581B7BA0E0A6AFF54F945FDF45D00" bold="true" box="[151,613,1770,1797]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0E0A6AFF54F945FDF45D00" authority="Theobald" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,613,1770,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus" subGenus="Cellia">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0E0A6AFF54F945FDF45D00" bold="true" box="[151,613,1770,1797]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0E0A6AFF54F945FE875D00" bold="true" box="[151,278,1770,1797]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Anopheles</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0E0A6AFEE4F945FEFE5D00" bold="true" box="[295,367,1770,1797]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Cellia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0E0A6AFE43F944FE765D00" bold="true" box="[384,487,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">cinereus</emphasis>
Theobald
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA0E0A69FF54F880FDF25AC8" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA0E0A6AFF54F880FCA95DC7" blockId="61.[151,1437,1839,2017]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
subspecies
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0E0A6AFEC8F880FD835D42" authority="Theobald, 1901 a" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[267,530,1839,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0E0A6AFEC8F880FEF55D42" bold="true" box="[267,356,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">cinereus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0E0A6AFEA9F880FD835D42" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[362,530,1839,1863]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refId="ref181412" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, xviii + 424 pp., pls. viii + I - XXXVII and A - E under separate cover. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1901">Theobald, 1901a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—original combination:
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0E0A6AFCD2F880FC475D42" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[785,982,1839,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0E0A6AFCD2F880FC475D42" box="[785,982,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Anopheles cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFBA8F880FB2B5D42" box="[1131,1210,1839,1863]" name="Algeria" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Algeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFB07F880FB6D5D42" box="[1220,1276,1839,1863]" name="Chad" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Chad</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFAC4F89FFAD75D4D" box="[1287,1350,1840,1864]" name="Egypt" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Egypt</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFA92F880FA085D42" box="[1361,1433,1839,1863]" name="Eritrea" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFF04F8E1FEB35D63" box="[199,290,1870,1894]" name="Swaziland" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Eswatini</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFEF3F8E1FE185D63" box="[304,393,1870,1894]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
, FYRO
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFE27F8E1FDC65D63" box="[484,599,1870,1894]" name="Macedonia" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Macedonia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFDA7F8E1FD295D63" box="[612,696,1870,1894]" name="Georgia" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Georgia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFD05F8E1FC815D63" box="[710,784,1870,1894]" name="Greece" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Greece</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFCDDF8E1FC275D63" box="[798,950,1870,1894]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Guinea-Bissau</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFC00F8E1FC6A5D63" box="[963,1019,1870,1894]" name="Israel" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Israel</collectingCountry>
(and
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFBFFF8E1FB3A5D63" box="[1084,1195,1870,1894]" name="Gaza Strip" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Gaza Strip</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFB27F8E1FAC85D63" box="[1252,1369,1870,1894]" name="West Bank" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">West Bank</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFAADF8E1FA0D5D63" box="[1390,1436,1870,1894]" name="Italy" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Italy</collectingCountry>
(includes Sardinia and Sicily),
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFDD1F8C3FDC95D81" box="[530,600,1900,1924]" name="Jordan" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Jordan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFDA5F8C3FD355D81" box="[614,676,1900,1924]" name="Libya" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Libya</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFD71F8C3FC875D81" box="[690,790,1900,1924]" name="Lithuania" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Lithuania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFCE6F8C2FCFB5D80" box="[805,874,1901,1925]" name="Kenya" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, Madeira,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFC1EF8C3FBBC5D81" box="[989,1069,1900,1924]" name="Malawi" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Malawi</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFBFFF8C2FB0B5D81" box="[1084,1178,1901,1924]" name="Morocco" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Morocco</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFB6BF8C3FAA15D81" box="[1192,1328,1900,1924]" name="Mozambique" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFAFCF8C3FA085D81" box="[1343,1433,1900,1924]" name="Namibia" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, Niger,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFECFF824FEF55DA6" box="[268,356,1931,1955]" name="Portugal" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Portugal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFEADF824FDC55DA6" box="[366,596,1931,1955]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFD9DF824FCCD5DA6" box="[606,860,1931,1955]" name="South Africa" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Republic of South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFCA5F824FC7D5DA6" box="[870,1004,1931,1955]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFC36F824FBDA5DA6" box="[1013,1099,1931,1955]" name="Somalia" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Somalia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFB97F824FB015DA6" box="[1108,1168,1931,1955]" name="Spain" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Spain</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFB5AF824FB4A5DA6" box="[1177,1243,1931,1955]" name="Sudan" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Sudan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFB27F824FAD35DA6" box="[1252,1346,1931,1955]" name="Tanzania" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFA88F824FA085DA6" box="[1355,1433,1931,1955]" name="Tunisia" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFF04F805FE895DC7" box="[199,280,1962,1986]" name="Uganda" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Uganda</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFEE0F805FEE65DC7" box="[291,375,1962,1986]" name="Ukraine" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFE43F805FE585DC4" box="[384,457,1962,1985]" name="Yemen" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Yemen</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0E0A6AFE10F805FDAE5DC7" box="[467,575,1962,1986]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0E0A6AFD8EF805FCBC5DC7" author="Wilkerson, R. C. &amp; Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D." box="[589,813,1962,1986]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 &amp; 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
Wilkerson
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0E0A6AFD7EF804FD7B5DC7" box="[701,746,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA0E0A69FF54F867FDF25AC8" blockId="61.[151,1437,1839,2017]" lastBlockId="62.[199,1436,151,205]" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
subspecies
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0E0A6AFECAF867FDA55DE5" authority="(Theobald, 1903a)" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[265,564,1992,2016]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0E0A6AFECAF867FEE65DE5" bold="true" box="[265,375,1992,2016]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">hispaniola</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0E0A6AFE47F867FDBC5DE5" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[388,557,1992,2016]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refId="ref181601" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1903 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, xvii + 1 (errata) + 359 pp., foldout table, 17 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1903">Theobald, 1903a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—original combination:
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0E0A6AFCF2F866FB9B5DE5" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[817,1034,1992,2016]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0E0A6AFCF2F866FB9B5DE5" box="[817,1034,1992,2016]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Myzomyia hispaniola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(subspecific status by
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0E0A6AFB2CF866FA0D5DE5" author="Senevet, G. &amp; Rioux, J." box="[1263,1436,1992,2017]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="530" refId="ref177696" refString="Senevet, G. &amp; Rioux, J. (1960) Anopheles (Myzomyia) hispuniola Theobald 1903, simple sous-espece de Anopheles (Myzomyia) cinereus Theobald, 1901. Archives de l'Institut Pasteur d'Algerie, 38, 530." type="journal article" year="1960">Senevet &amp; Rioux</bibRefCitation>
1960 and Ribeiro
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FE40FF38FE295AAA" box="[387,440,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
1980). Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0D0A69FD51FF38FD705AAA" box="[658,737,151,175]" name="Algeria" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Algeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0D0A69FD2FFF38FCD75AAA" box="[748,838,151,175]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0D0A69FC91FF38FC0B5AAB" box="[850,922,151,174]" name="France" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">France</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0D0A69FC66FF38FC7E5AAA" box="[933,1007,151,175]" name="Greece" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Greece</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0D0A69FC3FFF38FBBA5AAA" box="[1020,1067,151,175]" name="Italy" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Italy</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0D0A69FBF4FF38FB045AAB" box="[1079,1173,151,174]" name="Morocco" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Morocco</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0D0A69FB62FF38FB4A5AAA" box="[1185,1243,151,175]" name="Spain" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Spain</collectingCountry>
(including
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA0D0A69FA90FF38FE835AC8" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0D0A69FEE0FF19FEFB5AC8" box="[291,362,182,205]" name="Yemen" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Yemen</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FEB4FF1AFDC65AC8" author="Wilkerson, R. C. &amp; Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D." box="[375,599,181,205]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 &amp; 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
Wilkerson
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FE24FF19FD855AC8" box="[487,532,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA0D0A68FF54FF54FD1F5E14" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA0D0A69FF54FF54FCD85950" blockId="62.[151,1437,251,2042]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FF54FF54FECC5B13" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[151,349,251,278]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref181412" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, xviii + 424 pp., pls. viii + I - XXXVII and A - E under separate cover. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1901">Theobald (1901a)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FE17FF53FDA35B10" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[468,562,252,277]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FE17FF53FDA35B10" box="[468,562,252,277]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Salisbury,
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA0D0A69FD2BFF54FCEE5B10" box="[744,895,251,277]" country="Zimbabwe" name="Mashonaland West" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Mashonaland</collectingRegion>
[
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA0D0A69FC48FF53FC4C5B13" box="[907,989,252,278]" country="Zimbabwe" name="Harare" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Harare</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0D0A69FC24FF54FBF35B10" box="[999,1122,251,277]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
] (
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FBB6FF54FABA5B13" author="Townsend, B. C." box="[1141,1323,251,278]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="35 - 152" refId="ref182830" refString="Townsend, B. C. (1990) Culicidae. In: Townsend, B. C., Chainey, J. E., Crosskey, R. W., Pont, A. C., Lane, R. P., Boorman, J. P. T. &amp; Crouch, C. A. (Eds.), A catalogue of the types of bloodsucking flies in the British Museum (Natural History), Natural History Museum, London, pp. 35 - 152." type="book chapter" year="1990">Townsend 1990</bibRefCitation>
). Selected characters include: Maxillary palpus with four white bands, including one at the apex; antenna with a few white scales on one side of the proximal flagellomeres (not shown in Theobald’s fig. 43b). A text description of the wing markings was provided but the accompanying illustration (fig. 44) shows only venation. However, there is a color illustration of the habitus in
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FE21FE24FD325BA3" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[482,675,395,422]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref181412" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, xviii + 424 pp., pls. viii + I - XXXVII and A - E under separate cover. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1901">Theobald (1901a</bibRefCitation>
[plates]: fig. 7, pl. II). He wrote in summary: “At first sight they look like large
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FE83FE1FFE2A5BCF" authorityName="Giles" authorityYear="1900" box="[320,443,432,458]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funestus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FE83FE1FFE2A5BCF" box="[320,443,432,458]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">A. funestus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the clear pale bases to the legs separate it at once, as well as the large wings and the marked character of the jet-black legs with the white spots at the knees and apices of the tibiae.”
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FB17FE7CFA0D5BEB" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[1236,1436,467,494]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref181601" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1903 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, xvii + 1 (errata) + 359 pp., foldout table, 17 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1903">Theobald (1903a)</bibRefCitation>
described and contrasted
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FE70FE57FD325814" box="[435,675,503,529]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FE70FE57FD325814" box="[435,675,503,529]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Myzomyia hispaniola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FD04FE57FBA65817" authority="Liston, 1901" authorityName="Liston" authorityYear="1901" box="[711,1079,503,530]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turkhudi">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FD04FE57FC315814" box="[711,928,503,529]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Myzomyia turkhudi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FC64FE58FBA65817" author="Liston, W. G." box="[935,1079,503,530]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="361 - 366" refId="ref166113" refString="Liston, W. G. (1901) A year's experience of the habits of Anopheles in Ellichpur. The description of the species of Anopheles found in Ellichpur during the year. Indian Medical Gazette, 36, 361 - 366 + 441 - 443, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1901">Liston, 1901</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, noting that both species shared a black palpomere 5 [in contrast to
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FDE4FDB3FD145830" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[551,645,540,565]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FDE4FDB3FD145830" box="[551,645,540,565]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]. The nominal taxon
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FCBAFDB4FC7E5830" box="[889,1007,539,565]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FCBAFDB4FC7E5830" box="[889,1007,539,565]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">hispaniola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has “tarsi unbanded, and apices of all the femora and tibiae with a pale yellow spot.” As for
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FCCBFDEFFCF7585C" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[776,870,576,601]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FCCBFDEFFCF7585C" box="[776,870,576,601]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FC4EFD90FBC9585F" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[909,1112,575,602]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref181412" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, xviii + 424 pp., pls. viii + I - XXXVII and A - E under separate cover. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1901">Theobald (1901a)</bibRefCitation>
, the wing of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FB31FD90FAF9585C" box="[1266,1384,575,601]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FB31FD90FAF9585C" box="[1266,1384,575,601]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">hispaniola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described but only the venation illustrated. A color habitus illustration was not provided, as it was for
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FAF4FDCBFA045878" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[1335,1429,612,637]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FAF4FDCBFA045878" box="[1335,1429,612,637]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. For
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FF06FD27FE6158A7" authority=", Theobald (1901 a" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[197,496,647,674]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FF06FD27FEB258A4" box="[197,291,648,673]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">cinereus</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FEF2FD28FE6158A7" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[305,496,647,674]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref181412" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, xviii + 424 pp., pls. viii + I - XXXVII and A - E under separate cover. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1901">Theobald (1901a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[plates]) illustrated pale fringe scales at the apices of all veins except 1A.
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FAF1FD28FF7F58C3" author="Theobald, F. V." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref181601" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1903 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, xvii + 1 (errata) + 359 pp., foldout table, 17 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1903">Theobald (1903a)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FEA4FD04FE4C58C0" box="[359,477,683,709]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FEA4FD04FE4C58C0" box="[359,477,683,709]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">hispaniola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with “fringe brown, with pale spots where the veins join the costa except at the lower branch of the fifth and the sixth”,
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FDE0FD7FFDD758EC" box="[547,582,720,745]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">i.e.</emphasis>
at the apices of veins Cu and 1A. For
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FBC8FD60FB1058EC" box="[1035,1153,719,745]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FBC8FD60FB1058EC" box="[1035,1153,719,745]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">hispaniola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both Romero
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FAECFD60FF73590B" author="Romeo Viamonte, J. M." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref176290" refString="Romeo Viamonte, J. M. (1949) Los anofelinos de Espana y de la zona espanola del protectorado de Marruecos.: Su relacion con la difusion del paludismo. Tesis Doctoral, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central, Madrid, 192 pp., 18 pls." type="book" year="1949">Viamonte (1949)</bibRefCitation>
and Ribeiro
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FEB1FD5BFE325908" box="[370,419,755,781]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al</emphasis>
. (1980) illustrated pale fringe spots at the apices of all veins, including 1A, while
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FAF6FD5CFEF55934" author="Gillies, M. T. &amp; de Meillon, B." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref156929" refString="Gillies, M. T. &amp; de Meillon, B. (1968) The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 54, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="1968">Gillies &amp; de Meillon (1968)</bibRefCitation>
showed
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FE09FCB7FDB95934" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[458,552,792,817]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FE09FCB7FDB95934" box="[458,552,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with all the veins, except at 1A, ending at pale fringe. We have not found this character noted elsewhere, but it could have diagnostic value.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA0D0A69FF04FCF0FC595E0C" blockId="62.[151,1437,251,2042]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
Below we describe the unstable taxonomic history of the nominal species
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FBDEFCCFFBEA597C" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[1053,1147,864,889]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FBDEFCCFFBEA597C" box="[1053,1147,864,889]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FB75FCF0FAA5597C" box="[1206,1332,863,889]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FB75FCF0FAA1597C" box="[1206,1328,863,889]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">hispaniola</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
This has been the result of an incomplete understanding of morphological variability and dubious use of the subspecies concept. Currently, the commonly understood distributions for these nominal taxa are Afrotropical for
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FACCFC07FAFC59C4" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[1295,1389,936,961]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FACCFC07FAFC59C4" box="[1295,1389,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and Mediterranean for
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FEAEFC64FE7259E0" box="[365,483,971,997]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FEAEFC64FE7259E0" box="[365,483,971,997]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">hispaniola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Much morphological and biological diversity remains to be understood, which we think will eventually be explained by the existence of a species complex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA0D0A69FF04FBBCFD285CB3" blockId="62.[151,1437,251,2042]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
The two nominal taxa are quite similar morphologically but occur in very different biogeographical zones. Since they are so similar, the two names have been used inconsistently.
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FC6DFB97FBD25E57" author="Evans, A. M." box="[942,1091,1080,1106]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref155212" refString="Evans, A. M. (1938) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region. II. - Anophelini adults and early stages. British Museum (Natural History), London, x, 404 pp." type="book" year="1938">Evans (1938)</bibRefCitation>
treated
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FB5FFB97FB6B5E54" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[1180,1274,1080,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FB5FFB97FB6B5E54" box="[1180,1274,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a species in the Afrotropical
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA0D0A69FE92FBF4FE335E70" box="[337,418,1115,1141]" country="Iraq" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Region</collectingRegion>
(as Ethiopian
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA0D0A69FD86FBF4FD095E70" box="[581,664,1115,1141]" country="Iraq" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Region</collectingRegion>
) and included
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FCFDFBF4FC255E70" box="[830,948,1115,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FCFDFBF4FC255E70" box="[830,948,1115,1141]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">hispaniola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a possible synonym of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FB1DFBF4FAAC5E70" authorityName="Liston" authorityYear="1901" box="[1246,1341,1115,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turkhudi">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FB1DFBF4FAAC5E70" box="[1246,1341,1115,1141]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">turkhudi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FA88FBF3FEDF5E9F" author="Romeo Viamonte, J. M." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref176290" refString="Romeo Viamonte, J. M. (1949) Los anofelinos de Espana y de la zona espanola del protectorado de Marruecos.: Su relacion con la difusion del paludismo. Tesis Doctoral, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central, Madrid, 192 pp., 18 pls." type="book" year="1949">Romeo Viamonte (1949</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FE9BFBD0FE005E9F" author="Romeo Viamonte, J. M." box="[344,401,1151,1178]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="213 - 295" refId="ref176342" refString="Romeo Viamonte, J. M. (1950) Los anofelinos de Espana y de la zona espanola del Protectorado de Marruecos. Su relacion con la difusion del paludismo. Revista de Sanidad e Higiene Publica, 24 (4), 213 - 295, 17 pls." type="journal article" year="1950">1950</bibRefCitation>
) and
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FE08FBD0FDF95E9F" author="Aitken, T. H. G." box="[459,616,1151,1178]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="303 - 352" refId="ref142956" refString="Aitken, T. H. G. (1953) The anopheline fauna of Sardinia. American Journal of Hygiene Monographic Series, 20, 303 - 352 + i - vi." type="journal article" year="1953">Aitken (1953)</bibRefCitation>
both treated
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FD34FBD0FCFC5E9C" box="[759,877,1151,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FD34FBD0FCFC5E9C" box="[759,877,1151,1177]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">hispaniola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a species.
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FBC3FB2FFB5E5E9F" author="de Meillon, B." box="[1024,1231,1151,1178]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 272" refId="ref151100" refString="de Meillon, B. (1947) The Anophelini of the Ethiopian geographical region. Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 10 (49), 1 - 272." type="journal article" year="1947">De Meillon (1947)</bibRefCitation>
provided the most comprehensive and illustrated description of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FD57FB0BFD635EB8" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[660,754,1188,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FD57FB0BFD635EB8" box="[660,754,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including the egg.
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FC17FB0CFA805EB8" author="Gillies, M. T. &amp; de Meillon, B." box="[980,1297,1187,1214]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref156929" refString="Gillies, M. T. &amp; de Meillon, B. (1968) The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 54, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="1968">Gillies &amp; de Meillon (1968)</bibRefCitation>
updated the description of
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FEF8FB68FD985EE7" author="de Meillon, B." box="[315,521,1223,1250]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 272" refId="ref151100" refString="de Meillon, B. (1947) The Anophelini of the Ethiopian geographical region. Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 10 (49), 1 - 272." type="journal article" year="1947">de Meillon (1947)</bibRefCitation>
and addressed the possibility that
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FC52FB68FB965EE4" box="[913,1031,1223,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FC52FB68FB965EE4" box="[913,1031,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">hispaniola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FB35FB67FAC55EE4" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[1270,1364,1224,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FB35FB67FAC55EE4" box="[1270,1364,1224,1249]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They stated: “As pointed out by
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FE0DFB44FC985F03" author="Mattingly, P. F. &amp; Knight, K. L." box="[462,777,1259,1286]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="91 - 141" refId="ref169149" refString="Mattingly, P. F. &amp; Knight, K. L. (1956) The mosquitoes of Arabia I. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 4 (3), 91 - 141." type="journal article" year="1956">Mattingly &amp; Knight (1956)</bibRefCitation>
, the separation of this species [
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FBB5FB44FB7D5F00" box="[1142,1260,1259,1285]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FBB5FB44FB7D5F00" box="[1142,1260,1259,1285]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">hispaniola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] from
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FAFDFB43FA0D5F00" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[1342,1436,1260,1285]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FAFDFB43FA0D5F00" box="[1342,1436,1260,1285]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very difficult if not impossible, which led
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FD56FABFFC3D5F2C" author="Senevet, G. &amp; Rioux, J." box="[661,940,1295,1322]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="530" refId="ref177696" refString="Senevet, G. &amp; Rioux, J. (1960) Anopheles (Myzomyia) hispuniola Theobald 1903, simple sous-espece de Anopheles (Myzomyia) cinereus Theobald, 1901. Archives de l'Institut Pasteur d'Algerie, 38, 530." type="journal article" year="1960">Senevet &amp; Rioux (1960)</bibRefCitation>
to reduce it to the status of a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FF54FA9BFF645F48" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,245,1332,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FF54FA9BFF645F48" box="[151,245,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They summarized the characteristics of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FD0BFA9CFCAF5F48" box="[712,830,1331,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FD0BFA9CFCAF5F48" box="[712,830,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">hispaniola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as follows: adult, reduction or absence of apical pale band on
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA0D0A69FF3FFAF7FE805F77" box="[252,273,1368,1394]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
palps [maxillary palpi]; pupa, hair [seta] l-IV more often simple [single]; larva, most specimens with mouth-brushes [palatal brushes] not mounted laterally.” The biological and taxonomic significance of the lateral position of the palatal brushes in these species has not been investigated further.
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FBE0FA30FB755FBC" author="Mattingly, P. F." box="[1059,1252,1439,1465]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="41 - 50" refId="ref168948" refString="Mattingly, P. F. (1969) Mosquito Eggs III. Mosquito Systematics Newsletter, 1 (3), 41 - 50." type="journal article" year="1969">Mattingly (1969)</bibRefCitation>
pointed out that species in the Cinereus Group (of
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FDDFFA6CFCD95FD8" author="Gillies, M. T. &amp; de Meillon, B." box="[540,840,1475,1502]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref156929" refString="Gillies, M. T. &amp; de Meillon, B. (1968) The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 54, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="1968">Gillies &amp; de Meillon 1968</bibRefCitation>
) have eggs that lack floats and a much reduced frill, which remain “only as a small patch near the anterior end. These eggs hang vertically in the water and sink readily. Loss of the float is thought to be adaptive to oviposition among the filamentous algae on which the larvae feed by means of specialized mouthparts.” We note that the extent of the frill seems to vary in published illustrations (
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FAB7F99FFA0D5C4C" box="[1396,1436,1584,1609]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">e.g.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FF54F9FCFED85C68" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[151,329,1619,1645]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="263 - 351" refId="ref153643" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1921 d) A revision of the mosquitos of the Palaearctic Region. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 12 (3), 263 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300040207" type="journal article" year="1921">Edwards 1921d</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 1l;
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FE65F9FBFD3F5C6B" author="Romeo Viamonte, J. M." box="[422,686,1619,1646]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref176290" refString="Romeo Viamonte, J. M. (1949) Los anofelinos de Espana y de la zona espanola del protectorado de Marruecos.: Su relacion con la difusion del paludismo. Tesis Doctoral, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central, Madrid, 192 pp., 18 pls." type="book" year="1949">Romeo Viamonte 1949</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1;
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FCC0F9FBFB9B5C6B" author="Romeo Viamonte, J. M." box="[771,1034,1619,1646]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="213 - 295" refId="ref176342" refString="Romeo Viamonte, J. M. (1950) Los anofelinos de Espana y de la zona espanola del Protectorado de Marruecos. Su relacion con la difusion del paludismo. Revista de Sanidad e Higiene Publica, 24 (4), 213 - 295, 17 pls." type="journal article" year="1950">Romeo Viamonte 1950</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 27;
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FBAEF9FCFA095C68" author="Gillies, M. T. &amp; de Meillon, B." box="[1133,1432,1619,1646]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref156929" refString="Gillies, M. T. &amp; de Meillon, B. (1968) The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 54, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="1968">Gillies &amp; de Meillon 1968</bibRefCitation>
, pl.
<quantity id="594A9B3EBA0D0A69FF78F9D7FF665C97" box="[187,247,1656,1682]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="g" value="100.0">100g</quantity>
), but this has not been documented. As explained by
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FC8CF9D7FBCE5C97" author="Romeo Viamonte, J. M." box="[847,1119,1655,1682]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref176290" refString="Romeo Viamonte, J. M. (1949) Los anofelinos de Espana y de la zona espanola del protectorado de Marruecos.: Su relacion con la difusion del paludismo. Tesis Doctoral, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central, Madrid, 192 pp., 18 pls." type="book" year="1949">Romeo Viamonte (1949</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FBA8F9D8FB365C97" author="Romeo Viamonte, J. M." box="[1131,1191,1655,1682]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="213 - 295" refId="ref176342" refString="Romeo Viamonte, J. M. (1950) Los anofelinos de Espana y de la zona espanola del Protectorado de Marruecos. Su relacion con la difusion del paludismo. Revista de Sanidad e Higiene Publica, 24 (4), 213 - 295, 17 pls." type="journal article" year="1950">1950</bibRefCitation>
), Edwards’s figure 11 is incorrectly labelled as the egg of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FDE5F933FD235CB0" authorityName="Liston" authorityYear="1901" box="[550,690,1691,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turkhudi">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FDE5F933FD235CB0" box="[550,690,1691,1718]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">An. turkhudi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA0D0A68FF04F910FCE95B60" blockId="62.[151,1437,251,2042]" lastBlockId="63.[151,1437,151,1041]" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FF04F910FD805CDC" author="Gillies, M. T. &amp; de Meillon, B." box="[199,529,1727,1754]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref156929" refString="Gillies, M. T. &amp; de Meillon, B. (1968) The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 54, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="1968">Gillies &amp; de Meillon (1968)</bibRefCitation>
agreed [with caveats] with
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FC9FF910FB035CDC" author="Raffaele, G. &amp; Coluzzi, M." box="[860,1170,1727,1754]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="247 - 251" refId="ref173952" refString="Raffaele, G. &amp; Coluzzi, M. (1961) Su Anopheles (Myzomyia) hispaniola Theobald, 1903 e Anopheles (Myzomyia) cinereus Theobald, 1901. Rivista di Malariologia, 40, 247 - 251." type="journal article" year="1961">Raffaele &amp; Coluzzi (1961)</bibRefCitation>
that differences in the pharynx [cibarial teeth of adult females] justified the recognition of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FC64F94BFB945CF8" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[935,1029,1764,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FC64F94BFB945CF8" box="[935,1029,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FB83F94CFB275CF8" box="[1088,1206,1763,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FB83F94CFB275CF8" box="[1088,1206,1763,1789]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">hispaniola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as separate species.
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FF54F8A8FE045D27" author="Dahl, C. &amp; White, G. B." box="[151,405,1799,1826]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="390 - 395" refId="ref150001" refString="Dahl, C. &amp; White, G. B. (1978) Culicidae. In: Illies, J. (Ed.), Limnofauna Europaea. Gustav Fischer Verlag, New York, Stuttgart, pp. 390 - 395." type="book chapter" year="1978">Dahl &amp; White (1978)</bibRefCitation>
, however, synonymized
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FD75F8A8FCBD5D24" box="[694,812,1799,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FD75F8A8FCBD5D24" box="[694,812,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">hispaniola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FCB7F8A7FC435D24" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[884,978,1800,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FCB7F8A7FC435D24" box="[884,978,1800,1825]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Balkans without comment. This synonymy was followed by
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FE0EF884FDC85D43" author="Ward, R. A." box="[461,601,1835,1862]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="227 - 270" refId="ref184330" refString="Ward, R. A. (1984) Second supplement to &quot; A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world &quot; (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics, 16 (3), 227 - 270." type="journal article" year="1984">Ward (1984)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FD4FF884FCDE5D43" author="Ramsdale, C. D." box="[652,847,1835,1862]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="18 - 19" refId="ref173993" refString="Ramsdale, C. D. (1998) Anopheles cinereus Theobald 1901 and its synonym hispaniola Theobald 1903. European Mosquito Bulletin, 2, 18 - 19." type="journal article" year="1998">Ramsdale (1998)</bibRefCitation>
. Ribeiro
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FC72F883FC795D40" box="[945,1000,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
(1980) referred to the taxon in
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0D0A69FAFEF884FA0D5D40" box="[1341,1436,1835,1861]" name="Portugal" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Portugal</collectingCountry>
as
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FF76F8FFFE1E5D6C" box="[181,399,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FF76F8FFFE825D6C" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[181,275,1872,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">cinereus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FEDAF8E0FE1E5D6C" box="[281,399,1871,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">hispaniola</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FE5EF8E0FD0B5D6F" author="Hammadi, D. &amp; Boubidi, S. C. &amp; Chaib, S. E. &amp; Saber, A. &amp; Khechache, Y. &amp; Gasmi, M. &amp; Harrat, Z." box="[413,666,1871,1898]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="185 - 192" refId="ref157982" refString="Hammadi, D., Boubidi, S. C., Chaib, S. E., Saber, A., Khechache, Y., Gasmi, M. &amp; Harrat, Z. (2009) Le paludisme au Sahara algerien. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie exotique, 102 (3), 185 - 192. https: // doi. org / 10.3185 / pathexo 3356" type="journal article" year="2009">
Hammadi
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FDD1F8FFFDD35D6C" box="[530,578,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al</emphasis>
. (2009)
</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FCE3F8E0FC075D6C" box="[800,918,1871,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FCE3F8E0FC075D6C" box="[800,918,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">hispaniola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a species in
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0D0A69FB83F8E0FB055D6C" box="[1088,1172,1871,1897]" name="Algeria" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Algeria</collectingCountry>
and
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FB0AF8E0FA0D5D6F" author="Kyalo, D. &amp; Amratia, P. &amp; Mundia, C. W. &amp; Mbogo, C. M. &amp; Coetzee, M. &amp; Snow, R. W." box="[1225,1436,1871,1898]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref163372" refString="Kyalo, D., Amratia, P., Mundia, C. W., Mbogo, C. M., Coetzee, M. &amp; Snow, R. W. (2017) A geo-coded inventory of anophelines in the Afrotropical Region south of the Sahara: 1898 - 2016. Wellcome Open Researach, 2, 57. https: // doi. org / 10.12688 / wellcomeopenres. 12187.1" type="journal volume" year="2017">
Kyalo
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FAD7F8FFFADA5D6C" box="[1300,1355,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FED4F8DBFEE45D88" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[279,373,1908,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FED4F8DBFEE45D88" box="[279,373,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be a species in the Afrotropical Region, but did not mention
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FBFFF8DCFB235D88" box="[1084,1202,1907,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FBFFF8DCFB235D88" box="[1084,1202,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">hispaniola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FB03F8DCFA0D5D8B" author="Robert, V. &amp; Gunay, F. &amp; Le Goff, G. &amp; Bousses, P. &amp; Sulesco, T. &amp; Khalin, A. &amp; Medlock, J. M. &amp; Kampen, H. &amp; Petric, D. &amp; Schaffner, F." box="[1216,1436,1907,1934]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref175921" refString="Robert, V., Gunay, F., Le Goff, G., Bousses, P., Sulesco, T., Khalin, A., Medlock, J. M., Kampen, H., Petric, D. &amp; Schaffner, F. (2019) Distribution chart for Euro-Mediterranean mosquitoes (western Palaearctic region). Journal of the European Mosquito Control Association, 37, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2019">
Robert
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FAD0F8DBFAD55D88" box="[1299,1348,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al</emphasis>
. (2019)
</bibRefCitation>
acknowledged the two names, and identification problems, in their distribution chart for Euro-Mediterranean mosquitoes but did not attempt to resolve the issue, and instead combined them as “
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FB89F813FB2D5DD0" box="[1098,1212,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">sensu lato</emphasis>
”.
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0D0A69FB15F814FA0D5DD3" author="Irish, S. R. &amp; Kyalo, D. &amp; Snow, R. W. &amp; Coetzee, M." box="[1238,1436,1979,2006]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="401 - 449" refId="ref161299" refString="Irish, S. R., Kyalo, D., Snow, R. W. &amp; Coetzee, M. (2020) Updated list of Anopheles species (Diptera: Culicidae) by country in the Afrotropical Region and associated islands. Zootaxa, 4747 (3), 401 - 449. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4747.3.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
Irish
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FAD2F813FADB5DD0" box="[1297,1354,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
used the name
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FEFEF84FFE0A5DFC" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[317,411,2016,2041]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FEFEF84FFE0A5DFC" box="[317,411,2016,2041]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but also noted several instances of usage of the name
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0D0A69FC37F870FBFB5DFC" box="[1012,1130,2015,2041]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0D0A69FC37F870FBFB5DFC" box="[1012,1130,2015,2041]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">hispaniola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Afrotropical Region.
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0C0A68FF54FF38FEE65AB4" author="Becker, N. &amp; Petric, D. &amp; Zgomba, M. &amp; Boase, C. &amp; Madon, M. &amp; Dahl, C. &amp; Kaiser, A." box="[151,375,151,177]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref144535" refString="Becker, N., Petric, D., Zgomba, M., Boase, C., Madon, M., Dahl, C. &amp; Kaiser, A. (2020) Mosquitoes: identification, ecology and control. 3 rd Edition. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham, xxxi + 570 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 030 - 11623 - 1" type="book" year="2020">
Becker
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FF2EFF38FE8E5AB4" box="[237,287,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
. (2020)
</bibRefCitation>
are the only authors who considered and compared both nominal taxa in the same publication, but wrote: “Therefore,
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0C0A68FE5BFF14FDB25AD1" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[408,547,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FE5BFF14FE265AD0" box="[408,439,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">An</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FE06FF14FDB25AD1" box="[453,547,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is described here, despite the complicated situation of its real distribution”, and further noted: “The status of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0C0A68FE2AFF70FDCE5AFC" box="[489,607,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FE2AFF70FDCE5AFC" box="[489,607,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">hispaniola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is still rather undefined.” They discussed and gave descriptions of both
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FF54FEACFE1C5B19" box="[151,397,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0C0A68FF54FEACFF645B19" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,245,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="cinereus">cinereus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA0C0A68FF3DFEACFE1C5B19" box="[254,397,259,284]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FE04FEACFD325B18" box="[455,675,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0C0A68FE04FEACFDB45B19" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[455,549,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">cinereus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0C0A68FDEEFEACFD325B18" box="[557,675,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">hispaniola</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, with keys to adult females, male genitalia and larvae of the latter form. Their treatment was only for the separation of the taxon from other European species of the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0C0A68FA92FE88FA045B44" box="[1361,1429,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cellia">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FA92FE88FA045B44" box="[1361,1429,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Cellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with no attempt to resolve the composition of
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FD5FFEE4FCE35B60" box="[668,882,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0C0A68FD5FFEE4FD6B5B61" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[668,762,331,356]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="cinereus">cinereus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA0C0A68FCC3FEE4FCE35B60" box="[768,882,331,357]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA0C0A68FF04FEC0FDB8593C" blockId="63.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
To justify retaining
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0C0A68FE61FEC0FD895B8C" box="[418,536,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FE61FEC0FD895B8C" box="[418,536,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">hispaniola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a subspecies, Ribeiro
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FCEEFEC0FCF55B8C" box="[813,868,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
(1980) stated: “In the absence of other information concerning experimental or natural hybridization between both forms, it is classical to adopt a subspecific treatment in such a situation [
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0C0A68FE40FE18FDF75BD4" author="Mayr, E. &amp; Linsley, E. G. &amp; Usinger, R. L." box="[387,614,438,465]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref169378" refString="Mayr, E., Linsley, E. G. &amp; Usinger, R. L. (1953) Methods and principles of systematic zoology. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc, New York, x + 328 pp." type="book" year="1953">
Mayr
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FE0CFE18FD945BD4" box="[463,517,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
. (1953)
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0C0A68FDB5FE18FC9C5BD4" author="Mayr, E." box="[630,781,439,465]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref169328" refString="Mayr, E. (1963) Animal species and evolution. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, xiv + 797 pp." type="book" year="1963">Mayr (1963)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0C0A68FCDDFE18FC255BD4" author="Mayr, E." box="[798,948,439,465]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref169356" refString="Mayr, E. (1969) Principles of systematic zoology. Tata McGraw-Hill, Bombay, xi + 428 pp." type="book" year="1969">Mayr (1969)</bibRefCitation>
]” [the dates of the three publications are replacements here for the original reference numbers 32, 33 and 34, respectively]. As stated by
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0C0A68FB04FE74FA065BF0" author="Mayr, E. &amp; Linsley, E. G. &amp; Usinger, R. L." box="[1223,1431,474,501]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref169378" refString="Mayr, E., Linsley, E. G. &amp; Usinger, R. L. (1953) Methods and principles of systematic zoology. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc, New York, x + 328 pp." type="book" year="1953">
Mayr
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FAC8FE74FAD55BF0" box="[1291,1348,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
(1953)
</bibRefCitation>
, “It is preferable for various reasons to treat doubtful allopatric populations as subspecies.” We believe this approach is arbitrary and has caused considerable confusion. Further work is needed to morphologically and genetically characterize the two nominal taxa. Morphological differences are not well documented and there is a very significant difference in biogeographical occurrence. To further confuse the issue, we think there is enough morphological variability to suggest that this is probably a complex of species. For these reasons, and to draw attention to the need to fully understand
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0C0A68FEB9FD1CFE6158C8" box="[378,496,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FEB9FD1CFE6158C8" box="[378,496,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">hispaniola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in comparison to
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0C0A68FD05FD1CFCB558C9" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[710,804,691,716]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FD05FD1CFCB558C9" box="[710,804,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we herein afford it species status:
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0C0A68FB01FD1DFE5F58F5" authority="Theobald, 1903" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola" subGenus="Cellia">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FB01FD1DFE5F58F5" bold="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FB01FD1DFAAA58C8" bold="true" box="[1218,1339,690,717]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Anopheles</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FA8DFD1DFA0358C8" bold="true" box="[1358,1426,690,717]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Cellia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FF54FD79FE8158F4" bold="true" box="[151,272,726,753]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">hispaniola</emphasis>
Theobald, 1903
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The country occurrence records listed above, especially for
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0C0A68FBB0FD78FB7858F4" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[1139,1257,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FBB0FD78FB7858F4" box="[1139,1257,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">hispaniola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, should be used with caution until the genetic identities of the two species are resolved.
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0C0A68FC71FD54FB325910" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[946,1187,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FC71FD54FB325910" box="[946,1187,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Anopheles hispaniola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently listed as a species in the Encyclopedia of Life.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA0C0A68FF04FCECFD1F5E14" blockId="63.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0C0A68FF04FCECFE315959" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[199,416,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FF04FCECFE315959" box="[199,416,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Anopheles cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a single synonym,
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0C0A68FD60FCECFC355958" authority="Patton, 1905" authorityName="Patton" authorityYear="1905" box="[675,932,834,861]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jehafi">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FD60FCECFC815958" box="[675,784,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">An. jehafi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0C0A68FCD5FCECFC355958" author="Patton, W. S." box="[790,932,834,861]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="623 - 637" refId="ref172752" refString="Patton, W. S. (1905) The culicid fauna of the Aden Hinterland, their haunts and habits. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 16 (4), 623 - 637, 5 pls." type="journal article" year="1905">Patton, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="41098879BA0C0A68FC71FCECFC755958" box="[946,996,835,861]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">type</typeStatus>
locality: Jebel Jehaf, D’thalia,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0C0A68FAFEFCECFA005958" box="[1341,1425,835,861]" name="Yemen" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Yemen</collectingCountry>
);
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0C0A68FF54FCC8FEA65984" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,311,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FF54FCC8FEA65984" box="[151,311,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">An.hispaniola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has three sysnonyms,
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0C0A68FDEBFCC8FB865984" authority="Theobald, 1907" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1907" box="[552,1047,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Pyretophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myzomyifacies">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FDEBFCC8FCF65984" box="[552,871,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Pyretophorus myzomyifacies</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0C0A68FCA8FCC8FB865984" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[875,1047,871,897]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref182007" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1907) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 4. British Museum (Natural History), London, xix + 639 pp., 16 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1907">Theobald, 1907</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="41098879BA0C0A68FBE0FCC8FBC45984" box="[1059,1109,871,897]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0C0A68FB74FCC8FA9E5984" box="[1207,1295,871,897]" name="Algeria" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Algeria</collectingCountry>
),
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0C0A68FAE3FCC8FEAE59A0" authority="Raffaele, 1928" authorityName="Raffaele" authorityYear="1928" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FAE3FCC8FA0D5984" box="[1312,1436,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">An. italicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0C0A68FF54FC24FEAE59A0" author="Raffaele, G." box="[151,319,907,933]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="11 - 17" refId="ref173927" refString="Raffaele, G. (1928) Una nuova specie di &quot; Anopheles &quot;. Rivista di Malariologia, 7, 11 - 17." type="journal article" year="1928">Raffaele, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="41098879BA0C0A68FE93FC24FE1359A0" box="[336,386,907,933]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA0C0A68FE31FC24FDC559A0" box="[498,596,907,933]" country="Italy" name="Calabria" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Calabria</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0C0A68FDA1FC24FD0659A0" box="[610,663,907,933]" name="Italy" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Italy</collectingCountry>
) and
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0C0A68FD18FC24FB0859A0" authority="Baeza Cuellar, 1933" authorityName="Baeza Cuellar" authorityYear="1933" box="[731,1177,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Myzomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rifenus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FD18FC24FC3659A0" box="[731,935,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Myzomyia rifenus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA0C0A68FC73FC24FB0859A0" author="Baeza Cuellar, M." box="[944,1177,907,933]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref143577" refString="Baeza Cuellar, M. (1933) Estudio medico de los culicidos hematofagos. Talleres Graficos Herrera, Madrid, 158 pp." type="book" year="1933">Baeza Cuéllar, 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="41098879BA0C0A68FB68FC24FB4C59A0" box="[1195,1245,907,933]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">type</typeStatus>
locality: Er Rif,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA0C0A68FF54FC00FE9059CC" box="[151,257,943,969]" name="Morocco" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Morocco</collectingCountry>
). In addition to the uncertainty about the genetic identities of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0C0A68FC6CFC00FB9C59CD" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[943,1037,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FC6CFC00FB9C59CD" box="[943,1037,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">cinereus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA0C0A68FB80FC00FB2859CC" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[1091,1209,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispaniola">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA0C0A68FB80FC00FB2859CC" box="[1091,1209,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">hispaniola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, these synonymized nominal species further suggest the existence of a species complex. Until further data become available, it seems appropriate to retain the current synonymies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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