487 lines
61 KiB
XML
487 lines
61 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6CEA124BA69236C37B3E184ABE56C7F6">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E19ACE3A723DFF260F9CBD0DE154DBDA">Harbach, Ralph E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9300B7384F589BC89B08F9DC539DC012">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2474F86EAB06F425A2ADC390F6C6B1F2">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBA010A64FF54FE19FE1A59A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8061420" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700424" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8061420" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA010A64FF54FE19FE1A59A0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBA010A64FF54FE19FE1A59A0" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA010A65FF54FE19FD085BD5" box="[151,665,438,465]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA010A65FF54FE19FD085BD5" blockId="50.[151,665,438,465]" box="[151,665,438,465]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<heading id="C54581B7BA010A65FF54FE19FD085BD5" bold="true" box="[151,665,438,465]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FF54FE19FD085BD5" ID-CoL="89W7D" ID-ENA="1245350" authority="(Theobald)" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[151,665,438,465]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei" subGenus="Stegomyia">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FF54FE19FD085BD5" bold="true" box="[151,665,438,465]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FF54FE19FF4E5BD4" bold="true" box="[151,223,438,465]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Aedes</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FF33FE18FEFC5BD4" bold="true" box="[240,365,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Stegomyia</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FEBCFE19FD995BD4" bold="true" box="[383,520,438,465]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">annandalei</emphasis>
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(Theobald)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA010A65FF54FE54FCFF588B" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA010A65FF54FE54FED35854" blockId="50.[151,1437,507,654]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FECAFE54FDAD5816" ID-CoL="89W7D" authority="(Theobald, 1910a)" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[265,572,507,531]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FECAFE54FEEE5816" bold="true" box="[265,383,507,531]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">annandalei</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FE4FFE54FDBA5816" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[396,555,507,531]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref182172" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1910) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 5. British Museum (Natural History), London, xiv + (1) + 646 pp., 6 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1910">Theobald, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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a)
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</taxonomicName>
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—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FCFBFE54FB885816" ID-CoL="8F53L" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1910" box="[824,1049,507,531]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FCFBFE54FB885816" box="[824,1049,507,531]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Stegomyia annandalei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Distribution:
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA010A65FB6FFE54FAB45816" box="[1196,1317,507,531]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA010A65FAEDFE54FA085816" box="[1326,1433,507,531]" name="Cambodia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA010A65FF04FDB5FF6F5837" box="[199,254,538,562]" name="India" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">India</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA010A65FEC4FDB5FEFD5837" box="[263,364,538,562]" name="Indonesia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA010A65FEB6FDB5FE485837" box="[373,473,538,562]" name="Myanmar" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA010A65FE21FDB5FDB05837" box="[482,545,538,562]" name="Nepal" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Nepal</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA010A65FDE9FDB5FD7E5837" box="[554,751,538,562]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA010A65FD3BFDB5FB9C5837" box="[760,1037,538,562]" name="China" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">People’s Republic of China</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA010A65FBD5FDB5FBF25837" box="[1046,1123,538,562]" name="Taiwan" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA010A65FBA8FDB5FB595837" box="[1131,1224,538,562]" name="Thailand" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA010A65FB13FDB5FAB75837" box="[1232,1318,538,562]" name="Vietnam" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FAF1FDB5FEA65854" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
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Wilkerson
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FF04FD96FF655855" box="[199,244,568,592]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2021
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA010A65FF54FDF8FCFF588B" blockId="50.[151,1437,507,654]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FEC9FDF8FDDB586A" authority="(Barraud, 1923 b)" baseAuthorityName="Barraud" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[266,586,599,623]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricinctus">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FEC9FDF8FE0B586A" bold="true" box="[266,410,599,623]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">quadricinctus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FE65FDF8FDD5586A" author="Barraud, P. J." box="[422,580,599,623]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="224 - 228" refId="ref144139" refString="Barraud, P. J. (1923 b) A revision of the culicine mosquitoes of India. Part V. Further notes on the genera Stegomyia, Theo. and Finlaya, Theo. with descriptions of new species. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 11 (1), 224 - 228, 3 pls." type="journal article" year="1923">Barraud, 1923b</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FC84FDF8FB4A586A" authorityName="Barraud" authorityYear="1923" box="[839,1243,599,623]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="annandalei" variety="quadricincta">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FC84FDF8FBB8586A" box="[839,1065,599,623]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Stegomyia annandalei</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FB99FDF8FB4A586A" box="[1114,1243,599,623]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">quadricincta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(subspecific status by
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FF24FDD9FE7D588B" author="Harbach, R. E. & Howard, T. M." box="[231,492,630,654]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="35 - 48" refId="ref158836" refString="Harbach, R. E. & Howard, T. M. (2007) Corrections in the status and rank of names used to denote varietal forms of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Zootaxa, 1542 (1), 35 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1542.1.3" type="journal article" year="2007">Harbach & Howard 2007</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Distribution:
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA010A65FD46FDD9FD28588B" box="[645,697,630,654]" name="India" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FD05FDD9FCF2588B" author="Barraud, P. J." box="[710,867,630,654]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="224 - 228" refId="ref144139" refString="Barraud, P. J. (1923 b) A revision of the culicine mosquitoes of India. Part V. Further notes on the genera Stegomyia, Theo. and Finlaya, Theo. with descriptions of new species. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 11 (1), 224 - 228, 3 pls." type="journal article" year="1923">Barraud 1923b</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA010A64FF54FD13FE1A59A0" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA010A65FF54FD13FBA55F5A" blockId="50.[151,1437,700,2023]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
The taxonomic history of
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FE02FD13FE4E58D3" box="[449,479,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Ae</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FE2DFD13FDFD58D3" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1910" box="[494,620,700,726]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FE2DFD13FDFD58D3" box="[494,620,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">annandalei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
involves three nominal forms:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FC17FD13FA1A58D3" authority="Theobald, 1910" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1910" box="[980,1419,700,726]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FC17FD13FB5E58D3" box="[980,1231,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Stegomyia annandalei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FB14FD13FA1A58D3" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[1239,1419,700,726]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref182172" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1910) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 5. British Museum (Natural History), London, xiv + (1) + 646 pp., 6 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1910">Theobald, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FF54FD4FFD9B58FF" authority="Yamada, 1921" authorityName="Yamada" authorityYear="1921" box="[151,522,736,762]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horishensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FF54FD4FFEF358FF" box="[151,354,736,762]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Aedes horishensis</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FEABFD4FFD9B58FF" author="Yamada, S." box="[360,522,736,762]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="45 - 81" refId="ref185453" refString="Yamada, S. (1921) Description of ten new species of Aedes found in Japan, with notes on the relation between some of these mosquitoes and the larva of Filaria bancrofti Cobbold. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 10 (6), 45 - 81." type="journal article" year="1921">Yamada, 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FD81FD4FFB2E58FF" authority="Barraud, 1923 b" authorityName="Barraud" authorityYear="1923" box="[578,1215,736,763]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="annandalei" variety="quadricincta">
|
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FD81FD4FFCAC58FF" box="[578,829,736,762]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Stegomyia annandalei</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FCB5FD4FFB9458FF" box="[886,1029,736,762]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">quadricincta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FBCEFD4FFB2E58FF" author="Barraud, P. J." box="[1037,1215,736,762]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="224 - 228" refId="ref144139" refString="Barraud, P. J. (1923 b) A revision of the culicine mosquitoes of India. Part V. Further notes on the genera Stegomyia, Theo. and Finlaya, Theo. with descriptions of new species. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 11 (1), 224 - 228, 3 pls." type="journal article" year="1923">Barraud, 1923b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FB08FD4FFA0758FF" authorityName="Yamada" authorityYear="1921" box="[1227,1430,736,762]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horishensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FB08FD4FFA0758FF" box="[1227,1430,736,762]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Aedes horishensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described from a single female collected at or near Horisha in present-day
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA010A65FC1EFCABFBA3591B" box="[989,1074,772,798]" name="Taiwan" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, was recognized as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FF74FC87FEA45947" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1910" box="[183,309,808,834]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FF74FC87FEA45947" box="[183,309,808,834]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">annandalei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FEA0FC87FE7C5947" author="Lien, J. C." box="[355,493,808,834]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="615 - 649" refId="ref165644" refString="Lien, J. C. (1962) Non-anopheline mosquitoes of Taiwan: Annotated catalog and bibliography. Pacific Insects, 4 (3), 615 - 649." type="journal article" year="1962">Lien (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Its taxonomic status thereafter is a matter of confusion.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FBBFFC87FAAF5946" author="Mattingly, P. F." box="[1148,1342,808,835]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref168870" refString="Mattingly, P. F. (1965) The culicine mosquitoes of the Indomalayan area. Part VI. Genus Aedes Meigen, subgenus Stegomyia Theobald (Groups A, B and D). British Museum (Natural History), London, 67 pp." type="book" year="1965">Mattingly (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed it as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FE9DFCE3FE4D5963" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1910" box="[350,476,844,870]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FE9DFCE3FE4D5963" box="[350,476,844,870]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">annandalei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but also indicated that he considered it to be a variety: “I agree with Lien that the evidence no longer warrants this being treated as a distinct species. However, the apparently low incidence of this
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA010A65FF54FC3AFF5659AA" box="[151,199,917,943]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of marking [slight posterior shifting of pale bands on abdominal terga IV–VI] in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA010A65FB9EFC3BFB3E59AB" box="[1117,1199,916,942]" name="Taiwan" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and its simultaneous occurrence in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA010A65FEFFFC17FE3D59D7" box="[316,428,952,978]" name="Indonesia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in both cases in areas where normal markings are the rule, seems to me to render his suggestion that it should be treated as a subspecies unacceptable. Since this character reappears in the
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FB3EFC73FA0C59F3" box="[1277,1437,988,1014]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Ae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FAEBFC73FA0C59F3" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[1320,1437,988,1014]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellaris">scutellaris</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
complex and is, therefore of particular interest, I consider that specimens showing it should be distinguished as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FAB0FBAEFE135E3B" authority="Yamada." authorityName="Yamada." pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="variety" variety="horishensis">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FF54FB8BFE865E3B" box="[151,279,1060,1086]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">horishensis</emphasis>
|
||
Yamada.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” Likewise,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FDC4FB8AFD355E3B" author="Huang, Y. - M." box="[519,676,1060,1087]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref160712" refString="Huang, Y. - M. (1977) Medical entomology studies - VII. The subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes in Southeast Asia. II - The edwardsi group of species. III - The w-albus group of species. (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 14 (1), 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1977">Huang (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also made conflicting statements about the status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FB34FB8BFAE65E3B" authorityName="Yamada" authorityYear="1921" box="[1271,1399,1060,1086]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horishensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FB34FB8BFAE65E3B" box="[1271,1399,1060,1086]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">horishensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the abstract of her publication, she stated that “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FD76FBE7FC735E67" authority="Yamada" authorityName="Yamada" authorityYear="1921" box="[693,994,1096,1122]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horishensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FD76FBE7FC105E67" box="[693,897,1096,1122]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Aedes horishensis</emphasis>
|
||
Yamada
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is regarded as a variety of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FADDFBE7FE975E83" authority="Theobald" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FADDFBE7FA0D5E67" box="[1310,1436,1096,1122]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">annandalei</emphasis>
|
||
Theobald
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, whereas in her discussion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FDA6FBC3FD725E83" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1910" box="[613,739,1132,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FDA6FBC3FD725E83" box="[613,739,1132,1158]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">annandalei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, she sided with Mattingly in noting that the posterior shifting of the abdominal bands is variable, and stated “Therefore, I consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FC04FB3FFB3A5EAF" authority="Yamada" authorityName="Yamada" authorityYear="1921" box="[967,1195,1168,1194]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horishensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FC04FB3FFBD65EAF" box="[967,1095,1168,1194]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">horishensis</emphasis>
|
||
Yamada
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FF54FB1BFE845ECB" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,277,1204,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FF54FB1BFE845ECB" box="[151,277,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">annandalei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.” Despite these contradictions,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FDBEFB1BFD6C5ECB" authorityName="Yamada" authorityYear="1921" box="[637,765,1204,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horishensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FDBEFB1BFD6C5ECB" box="[637,765,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">horishensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was listed as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FBFCFB1BFB2C5ECB" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1910" box="[1087,1213,1204,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FBFCFB1BFB2C5ECB" box="[1087,1213,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">annandalei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FB2AFB1BFF755EF7" author="Knight, K. L. & Stone, A." pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref162868" refString="Knight, K. L. & Stone, A. (1977) A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera: Culicidae). 2 nd Edition. The Thomas Say Foundation. Vol. VI. Entomological Society of America, College Park, Maryland, xi + 611 pp." type="book" year="1977">Knight & Stone (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, attributed to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FE46FB77FDDB5EF6" author="Mattingly, P. F." box="[389,586,1240,1267]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref168870" refString="Mattingly, P. F. (1965) The culicine mosquitoes of the Indomalayan area. Part VI. Genus Aedes Meigen, subgenus Stegomyia Theobald (Groups A, B and D). British Museum (Natural History), London, 67 pp." type="book" year="1965">Mattingly (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FD9BFB77FC9A5EF7" author="Harbach, R. E." box="[600,779,1240,1266]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref158710" refString="Harbach, R. E. (2018) Culicipedia: Species-group, genus-group and family-group names in Culicidae (Diptera). CABI, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, xviii + 378 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9781786399052.0000" type="book" year="2018">Harbach (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FC86FB77FBC05EF7" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[837,1105,1240,1267]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Wilkerson
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FC02FB76FC645EF7" box="[961,1013,1240,1266]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, attributed to both
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FAEDFB77FF735F12" author="Mattingly, P. F." pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref168870" refString="Mattingly, P. F. (1965) The culicine mosquitoes of the Indomalayan area. Part VI. Genus Aedes Meigen, subgenus Stegomyia Theobald (Groups A, B and D). British Museum (Natural History), London, 67 pp." type="book" year="1965">Mattingly (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FEDDFB52FE515F13" author="Huang, Y. - M." box="[286,448,1276,1303]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref160712" refString="Huang, Y. - M. (1977) Medical entomology studies - VII. The subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes in Southeast Asia. II - The edwardsi group of species. III - The w-albus group of species. (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 14 (1), 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1977">Huang (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FE0DFB52FD175F13" author="Lu, B. & Li, B. & Ji, S. & Chen, H. & Meng, Q. & Su, L. & Qu, I. & Gong, Z. & Zhang, Z." box="[462,646,1276,1303]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref166261" refString="Lu, B., Li, B., Ji, S., Chen, H., Meng, Q., Su, L., Qu, I. Gong, Z. & Zhang, Z. (1997) Fauna Sinica, Insecta. Vol. 8. Diptera: Culicidae 1. Science Press, Beijing, xiii + 884 pp." type="book" year="1997">
|
||
Lu
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FE35FB52FDBB5F13" box="[502,554,1276,1302]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1997)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
agreed with the synonymy. Based on the findings and actions taken by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FF7FFA8FFE105F3E" author="Mattingly, P. F." box="[188,385,1312,1339]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref168870" refString="Mattingly, P. F. (1965) The culicine mosquitoes of the Indomalayan area. Part VI. Genus Aedes Meigen, subgenus Stegomyia Theobald (Groups A, B and D). British Museum (Natural History), London, 67 pp." type="book" year="1965">Mattingly (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FE4CFA8EFDBC5F3F" author="Huang, Y. - M." box="[399,557,1312,1339]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref160712" refString="Huang, Y. - M. (1977) Medical entomology studies - VII. The subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes in Southeast Asia. II - The edwardsi group of species. III - The w-albus group of species. (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 14 (1), 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1977">Huang (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FDABFA8EFCB15F3F" author="Lu, B. & Li, B. & Ji, S. & Chen, H. & Meng, Q. & Su, L. & Qu, I. & Gong, Z. & Zhang, Z." box="[616,800,1312,1339]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref166261" refString="Lu, B., Li, B., Ji, S., Chen, H., Meng, Q., Su, L., Qu, I. Gong, Z. & Zhang, Z. (1997) Fauna Sinica, Insecta. Vol. 8. Diptera: Culicidae 1. Science Press, Beijing, xiii + 884 pp." type="book" year="1997">
|
||
Lu
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FD53FA8EFD525F3F" box="[656,707,1312,1338]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1997)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, we agree that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FC12FA8FFBC05F3F" authorityName="Yamada" authorityYear="1921" box="[977,1105,1312,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horishensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FC12FA8FFBC05F3F" box="[977,1105,1312,1338]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">horishensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is probably conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FF54FAEBFE845F5B" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,277,1348,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FF54FAEBFE845F5B" box="[151,277,1348,1374]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">annandalei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and should continue to be recognized as a synonymous nominal taxon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA010A65FF34FAC7FDC55C7B" blockId="50.[151,1437,700,2023]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FF34FAC7FE205F87" author="Barraud, P. J." box="[247,433,1384,1410]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="224 - 228" refId="ref144139" refString="Barraud, P. J. (1923 b) A revision of the culicine mosquitoes of India. Part V. Further notes on the genera Stegomyia, Theo. and Finlaya, Theo. with descriptions of new species. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 11 (1), 224 - 228, 3 pls." type="journal article" year="1923">Barraud (1923b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FDE9FAC7FC7B5F87" authorityName="Barraud" authorityYear="1923" box="[554,1002,1384,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="annandalei" variety="quadricincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FDE9FAC7FCB55F87" box="[554,804,1384,1410]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Stegomyia annandalei</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FC98FAC7FC7B5F87" box="[859,1002,1384,1410]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">quadricincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on “One female from Nongpoh,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA010A65FF54FA23FF775FA3" box="[151,230,1420,1446]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Assam</collectingRegion>
|
||
, July, 1922 (Barraud).” He noted there was “another female specimen from the same place which agrees with the above [description of
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FE31FA1FFD105FCF" box="[498,641,1456,1482]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">quadricincta</emphasis>
|
||
] in the markings of the hind tarsi, but the fore and mid legs have only two rings, as in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA010A65FEB6FA7AFE345FEA" box="[373,421,1493,1519]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
|
||
form.” This is obviously an indication that the two forms were sympatric.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FB33FA7BFA0D5FEB" author="Barraud, P. J." box="[1264,1436,1492,1518]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref144365" refString="Barraud, P. J. (1934) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Diptera. Vol. V. Family Culicidae. Tribes Megarhinini and Culicini. Taylor and Francis, London, xxviii + 463 pp., 8 pls." type="book" year="1934">Barraud (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
more explicitly described the distinctive tarsal banding of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FCE7FA57FC2F5C17" baseAuthorityName="Barraud" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[804,958,1528,1554]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FCE7FA57FC2F5C17" box="[804,958,1528,1554]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">quadricinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as follows: “Differs from the type-form in having basal white markings to first four tarsal segments on all legs; markings at base of segments 3 and 4 on fore and mid-legs small and not forming complete rings; complete white rings on tarsal segments 1–4 on hind legs, that on 4 occupying nearly whole segment.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA010A64FF34F927FE695B44" blockId="50.[151,1437,700,2023]" lastBlockId="51.[151,1437,150,933]" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Concomitant with the recognition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FD5DF927FC825CA7" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[670,787,1672,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FD5DF927FC825CA7" box="[670,787,1672,1698]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Stegomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FC21F927FBB45CA7" box="[994,1061,1672,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FC21F927FBB45CA7" box="[994,1061,1672,1698]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Aedes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FB91F927FA875CA7" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[1106,1302,1672,1698]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref154128" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1932 a) Genera Insectorum. Diptera, Fam. Culicidae. Fascicle 194. V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet, Bruxelles [Brussels], 258 pp., 5 pls." type="book" year="1932">Edwards (1932a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FA8DF927FE935CC3" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="variety" variety="described">variety described</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FEFAF903FE685CC3" author="Barraud, P. J." box="[313,505,1708,1734]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="224 - 228" refId="ref144139" refString="Barraud, P. J. (1923 b) A revision of the culicine mosquitoes of India. Part V. Further notes on the genera Stegomyia, Theo. and Finlaya, Theo. with descriptions of new species. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 11 (1), 224 - 228, 3 pls." type="journal article" year="1923">Barraud (1923b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
became known as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FD24F903FAB65CC3" box="[743,1319,1708,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="annandalei" subGenus="Stegomyia" variety="quadricinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FD24F903FCBB5CC3" box="[743,810,1708,1734]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Aedes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FC83F903FC245CC3" box="[832,949,1708,1734]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Stegomyia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FC08F903FBD85CC3" box="[971,1097,1708,1734]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">annandalei</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FB4EF903FAB65CC3" box="[1165,1319,1708,1734]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">quadricinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and was subsequently listed as such in the catalogs of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FD57F97FFCF45CEE" author="Stone, A. & Knight, K. L. & Starcke, H." box="[660,869,1744,1771]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref180004" refString="Stone, A., Knight, K. L. & Starcke, H. (1959) A synoptic catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera, Culicidae). The Thomas Say Foundation. Vol. VI. Entomological Society of America, College Park, Maryland, vi + 358 pp." type="book" year="1959">
|
||
Stone
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FD18F97EFC9D5CEF" box="[731,780,1744,1770]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1959)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FC58F97FFB305CEF" author="Knight, K. L. & Stone, A." box="[923,1185,1744,1770]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref162868" refString="Knight, K. L. & Stone, A. (1977) A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera: Culicidae). 2 nd Edition. The Thomas Say Foundation. Vol. VI. Entomological Society of America, College Park, Maryland, xi + 611 pp." type="book" year="1977">Knight & Stone (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FB6EF97FFAFC5CEE" author="Mattingly, P. F." box="[1197,1389,1744,1771]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref168870" refString="Mattingly, P. F. (1965) The culicine mosquitoes of the Indomalayan area. Part VI. Genus Aedes Meigen, subgenus Stegomyia Theobald (Groups A, B and D). British Museum (Natural History), London, 67 pp." type="book" year="1965">Mattingly (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FF54F95AFEA45D0B" author="Huang, Y. - M." box="[151,309,1780,1807]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref160712" refString="Huang, Y. - M. (1977) Medical entomology studies - VII. The subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes in Southeast Asia. II - The edwardsi group of species. III - The w-albus group of species. (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 14 (1), 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1977">Huang (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
both listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FE7FF95BFDC75D0B" baseAuthorityName="Barraud" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[444,598,1780,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FE7FF95BFDC75D0B" box="[444,598,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">quadricinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FCE2F95BFC0E5D0B" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[801,927,1780,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FCE2F95BFC0E5D0B" box="[801,927,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">annandalei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
without explicit mention or discussion of its taxonomic status. Mattingly, however, noted that “Var.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FCC7F8B7FB955D37" authority="Barraud" authorityName="Barraud" box="[772,1028,1816,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FCC7F8B7FC0F5D37" box="[772,926,1816,1842]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">quadricinctus</emphasis>
|
||
Barraud
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
… has white rings on the first 4 tarsi [tarsomeres] of all legs. An otherwise similar
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA010A65FD62F892FD275D52" box="[673,694,1853,1879]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA010A65FCEBF892FCC95D52" box="[808,856,1853,1879]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality had only the first 2 segments [tarsomeres] banded on the fore and mid legs. I have not seen this
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA010A65FD2FF8CEFC8D5D7E" box="[748,796,1889,1915]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of variation in any Indomalayan material.” Perplexingly,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA010A65FF54F82AFEA75D9B" author="Huang, Y. - M." box="[151,310,1924,1951]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref160712" refString="Huang, Y. - M. (1977) Medical entomology studies - VII. The subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes in Southeast Asia. II - The edwardsi group of species. III - The w-albus group of species. (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 14 (1), 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1977">Huang (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
vaguely (doubtfully?) indicated that the tarsi of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FCA8F82BFC785D9B" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[875,1001,1924,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FCA8F82BFC785D9B" box="[875,1001,1924,1950]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">annandalei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may sometimes exhibit the condition described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA010A65FEF0F807FE5C5DC7" box="[307,461,1960,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FEF0F807FE5C5DC7" box="[307,461,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">quadricinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA010A65FE1FF806FE6F5DC7" box="[476,510,1961,1986]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
that tarsomeres 1–4 of all legs have white bands. She described the tarsi of males as having the “fore- and midtarsi with basal white band on tarsomere 1, sometimes midtarsus with a few white scales on basal area of tarsomere 2 as well; hindtarsus with basal white bands on tarsomeres 1,2;
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA000A64FB0CFF38FA0C5AB4" bold="true" box="[1231,1437,150,177]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">tarsomere 3 dark</emphasis>
|
||
[emphasis ours]; tarsomere 4 with basal 0.67 white band to all dark…”. She noted females are essentially the same except that “Foretarsomere 2 sometimes with a few white scales on basal area; midtarsomere 2 with basal white band; hindtarsomere 4 with basal 0.83 white band; sometimes
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA000A64FC9BFEADFB8C5B19" bold="true" box="[856,1053,258,284]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">hindtarsomere 3</emphasis>
|
||
[emphasis ours] with a few white scales on basal area as well…”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA000A64FF04FEE4FB4F58AC" blockId="51.[151,1437,150,933]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
The tacit synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA000A64FE15FEE4FDE15B60" box="[470,624,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA000A64FE15FEE4FDE15B60" box="[470,624,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">quadricinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA000A64FD76FEE4FCA25B60" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[693,819,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA000A64FD76FEE4FCA25B60" box="[693,819,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">annandalei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA000A64FC1AFEE4FBE95B60" author="Huang, Y. - M." box="[985,1144,331,357]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref160712" refString="Huang, Y. - M. (1977) Medical entomology studies - VII. The subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes in Southeast Asia. II - The edwardsi group of species. III - The w-albus group of species. (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 14 (1), 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1977">Huang (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was not published in the world catalog of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA000A64FE40FEC0FE7F5B8C" box="[387,494,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Culicidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA000A64FDD5FEC0FC8A5B8C" author="Knight, K. L. & Stone, A." box="[534,795,367,393]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref162868" refString="Knight, K. L. & Stone, A. (1977) A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera: Culicidae). 2 nd Edition. The Thomas Say Foundation. Vol. VI. Entomological Society of America, College Park, Maryland, xi + 611 pp." type="book" year="1977">Knight & Stone (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
because the cut-off date for additions to the catalog was the end of 1973, but neither was it recorded in the three subsequent catalog supplements (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA000A64FBBDFE3CFA9E5BA8" author="Knight, K. L." box="[1150,1295,403,429]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref162581" refString="Knight, K. L. (1978) Supplement to a catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera: Culicidae). Thomas Say Foundation, Supplement to Vol. VI. Entomological Society of America, College Park, Maryland, (iii) + 107 pp." type="book" year="1978">Knight 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA000A64FAD9FE3CFA095BA8" author="Ward, R. A." box="[1306,1432,403,429]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="227 - 270" refId="ref184330" refString="Ward, R. A. (1984) Second supplement to " A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world " (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics, 16 (3), 227 - 270." type="journal article" year="1984">Ward 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA000A64FF54FE18FE895BD4" author="Ward, R. A." box="[151,280,439,465]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="177 - 230" refId="ref184370" refString="Ward, R. A. (1992) Third supplement to " A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world " (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics, 24 (3), 177 - 230." type="journal article" year="1992">Ward 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Unaware of the synonymy by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA000A64FD4FFE18FCBD5BD4" author="Huang, Y. - M." box="[652,812,439,465]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref160712" refString="Huang, Y. - M. (1977) Medical entomology studies - VII. The subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes in Southeast Asia. II - The edwardsi group of species. III - The w-albus group of species. (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 14 (1), 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1977">Huang (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA000A64FCF8FE18FBE15BD4" author="Harbach, R. E. & Howard, T. M." box="[827,1136,439,465]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="35 - 48" refId="ref158836" refString="Harbach, R. E. & Howard, T. M. (2007) Corrections in the status and rank of names used to denote varietal forms of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Zootaxa, 1542 (1), 35 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1542.1.3" type="journal article" year="2007">Harbach & Howard (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
followed Knight & Stone in recognizing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA000A64FE82FE74FE4A5BF0" box="[321,475,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA000A64FE82FE74FE4A5BF0" box="[321,475,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">quadricinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a variety, which they deemed to be subspecific under provisions of Article 45.6.4 of the
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA000A64FF21FE50FC90581C" box="[226,769,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature</emphasis>
|
||
. Despite knowing that the leg markings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA000A64FB30FE50FAE0581C" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1267,1393,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA000A64FB30FE50FAE0581C" box="[1267,1393,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">annandalei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are subject to variation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA000A64FEBDFD8CFDBA5838" author="Barraud, P. J." box="[382,555,547,573]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="224 - 228" refId="ref144139" refString="Barraud, P. J. (1923 b) A revision of the culicine mosquitoes of India. Part V. Further notes on the genera Stegomyia, Theo. and Finlaya, Theo. with descriptions of new species. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 11 (1), 224 - 228, 3 pls." type="journal article" year="1923">Barraud 1923b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA000A64FDF4FD8CFD795838" author="Mattingly, P. F." box="[567,744,546,573]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref168870" refString="Mattingly, P. F. (1965) The culicine mosquitoes of the Indomalayan area. Part VI. Genus Aedes Meigen, subgenus Stegomyia Theobald (Groups A, B and D). British Museum (Natural History), London, 67 pp." type="book" year="1965">Mattingly 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA000A64FD37FD8CFCEE5838" author="Huang, Y. - M." box="[756,895,547,573]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref160712" refString="Huang, Y. - M. (1977) Medical entomology studies - VII. The subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes in Southeast Asia. II - The edwardsi group of species. III - The w-albus group of species. (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 14 (1), 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1977">Huang 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and recognizing that “Although it is likely that the name
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA000A64FECAFDE8FE095864" box="[265,408,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">quadricincta</emphasis>
|
||
applies to an infrasubspecific form…”, Harbach & Howard were obligated to reveal that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA000A64FF54FDC4FEA05880" box="[151,305,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA000A64FF54FDC4FEA05880" box="[151,305,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">quadricinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“officially has subspecific rank” under provisions of the
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA000A64FC7CFDC4FC6B5880" box="[959,1018,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Code</emphasis>
|
||
. In view of the earlier synonymy by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA000A64FF54FD20FEA758AC" author="Huang, Y. - M." box="[151,310,655,681]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref160712" refString="Huang, Y. - M. (1977) Medical entomology studies - VII. The subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes in Southeast Asia. II - The edwardsi group of species. III - The w-albus group of species. (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 14 (1), 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1977">Huang (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the change of rank from variety to subspecies was unnecessary and unsupportable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA000A64FF04FD1CFE1A59A0" blockId="51.[151,1437,150,933]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
A number of different DNA sequences are available in GenBank for specimens of
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA000A64FBA9FD1CFA8558C8" box="[1130,1300,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Ae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA000A64FB55FD1CFA8558C8" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1174,1300,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">annandalei</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA000A64FA9AFD1CFA0D58C8" box="[1369,1436,691,717]" name="China" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA000A64FF0BFD78FEAD58F4" box="[200,316,727,753]" name="Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but until molecular data become available for specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA000A64FC2CFD78FB1858F4" box="[1007,1161,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA000A64FC2CFD78FB1858F4" box="[1007,1161,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">quadricinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from its
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA000A64FB31FD78FAB358F4" box="[1266,1314,727,753]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA000A64FF54FD54FF425910" box="[151,211,763,789]" name="India" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, we must agree with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA000A64FE7EFD54FDED5910" author="Mattingly, P. F." box="[445,636,762,789]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref168870" refString="Mattingly, P. F. (1965) The culicine mosquitoes of the Indomalayan area. Part VI. Genus Aedes Meigen, subgenus Stegomyia Theobald (Groups A, B and D). British Museum (Natural History), London, 67 pp." type="book" year="1965">Mattingly (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA000A64FD71FD54FCDC5910" author="Huang, Y. - M." box="[690,845,763,789]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref160712" refString="Huang, Y. - M. (1977) Medical entomology studies - VII. The subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes in Southeast Asia. II - The edwardsi group of species. III - The w-albus group of species. (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 14 (1), 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1977">Huang (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA000A64FC47FD54FB8F5910" box="[900,1054,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA000A64FC47FD54FB8F5910" box="[900,1054,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">quadricinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is merely a morphological variant and synonym of
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA000A64FE94FCB0FD93593C" box="[343,514,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Ae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA000A64FE47FCB0FD93593C" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[388,514,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei">annandalei</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. To avoid any doubt,
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA000A64FD3DFCB0FC1C593C" box="[766,909,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">quadricincta</emphasis>
|
||
is hereby formally regarded as a synonymous name:
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA000A64FF27FCEDFF765985" bold="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA000A64FF27FCEDFEE75958" bold="true" box="[228,374,834,861]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">quadricincta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA000A64FEBDFCECFDAC5959" author="Barraud, P. J." box="[382,573,834,861]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="224 - 228" refId="ref144139" refString="Barraud, P. J. (1923 b) A revision of the culicine mosquitoes of India. Part V. Further notes on the genera Stegomyia, Theo. and Finlaya, Theo. with descriptions of new species. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 11 (1), 224 - 228, 3 pls." type="journal article" year="1923">Barraud, 1923b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, junior subjective synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA000A64FC73FCEDFF765985" authority="(Theobald, 1910a)" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annandalei" subGenus="Stegomyia">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA000A64FC73FCEDFC655958" bold="true" box="[944,1012,834,861]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Aedes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA000A64FBC5FCECFBEF5958" bold="true" box="[1030,1150,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Stegomyia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA000A64FB4CFCEDFA835958" bold="true" box="[1167,1298,834,861]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">annandalei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA000A64FAE1FCEDFF405985" author="Theobald, F. V." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref182172" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1910) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 5. British Museum (Natural History), London, xiv + (1) + 646 pp., 6 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1910">Theobald, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
a)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Consequently, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA000A64FE6AFCC8FD1C5984" box="[425,653,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA000A64FE6AFCC8FD1C5984" box="[425,653,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Aedes quadricinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” should be removed from the list of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA000A64FB6AFCC8FB7D5984" box="[1193,1260,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA000A64FB6AFCC8FB7D5984" box="[1193,1260,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Aedes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included in the Encyclopedia of Life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |