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<mods:title id="82EEFF23EADC0FD3118A30045A53148B">A revision of the Australian species of Howickia Richards (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: Limosininae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="0F519B74FF8BAD68FF2C97DCFDA6F9AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7144301" ID-GBIF-Taxon="202134581" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7144301" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F519B74FF8BAD68FF2C97DCFDA6F9AE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F519B74FF8BAD68FF2C97DCFDA6F9AE" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<paragraph id="87472A62FF8BAD6FFF2C97DCFE56FB3F" blockId="82.[151,511,1194,1257]" box="[151,511,1194,1221]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<heading id="DC0F9D0EFF8BAD6FFF2C97DCFE56FB3F" bold="true" box="[151,511,1194,1221]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FF8BAD6FFF2C97DCFE56FB3F" ID-CoL="BD3LX" authority="(Richards)" baseAuthorityName="Richards" box="[151,511,1194,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8BAD6FFF2C97DCFE56FB3F" bold="true" box="[151,511,1194,1221]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8BAD6FFF2C97DCFEDBFB3E" bold="true" box="[151,370,1194,1221]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Howickia vernalis</emphasis>
(Richards)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFE279E9FF8BAD6FFF2C97B9FE3EFB12" box="[151,407,1231,1257]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="description">
<paragraph id="87472A62FF8BAD6FFF2C97B9FE3EFB12" blockId="82.[151,511,1194,1257]" box="[151,407,1231,1257]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
(
<figureCitation id="1FC336E7FF8BAD6FFF2497B9FEBAFB12" box="[159,275,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURES 3.13.22" captionStartId="22.[152,270,1485,1509]" captionTargetBox="[391,1188,189,1455]" captionTargetId="figure-33@22.[386,1202,181,1461]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 3.13.22. Mid tibial chaetotaxy of macropterous Australian species of Howickia. 3.1, H. acicula sp. nov., a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.2, H. biantenna sp. nov., a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.3, H. brevior (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.4, H. capitalis (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.5, H. erythrocephala sp. nov., a) dorsal, male, b) lateral female; 3.6, H. flaviterga (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.7, H. fuscalis (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.8, H. grandisterna sp. nov., a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.9, H. hardyina (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.10, H. kurandensis (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.11, H. myrmecophila (Knab &amp; Malloch), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.12, H. nitidipleura (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.13, H. percostata (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.14, H. pertusa sp. nov., a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.15, H. pseudovittata sp. nov., a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.16, H. subsinuata (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.17, H. symmetrica (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male; 3.18, H. trivittata (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.19, H. vernalis (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.20, H. wamini sp. nov., a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.21, H. wilsoni (Richards), a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female; 3.22, H. xanthocephala sp. nov., a) dorsal, male, b) lateral male, c) lateral, female. Scale bars indicate 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138660/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figs. 3.19</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1FC336E7FF8BAD6FFEA597B9FE26FB12" box="[286,399,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURES 22.122.5" captionStartId="83.[152,270,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-19@83.[151,1436,181,1875]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURES 22.122.5. Howickia vernalis (Richards). 22.1, male habitus, lateral; 22.2, male head, anterolateral; 22.3, male S58, ventral; 22.4, male terminalia, lateral; 22.5, aedeagus and associated structures, lateral. Scale bars indicate 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138780" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138780/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">22.122.9</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFE279E9FF8BAD6FFF2C9662FD01FA92" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="87472A62FF8BAD6FFF2C9662FD3DFAD0" blockId="82.[151,927,1299,1385]" box="[151,660,1299,1323]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A7E80D4CFF8BAD6FFF2C9662FD3DFAD0" box="[151,660,1299,1323]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<treatmentCitation id="06590C73FF8BAD6FFF2C9662FD39FAD0" author="Richards, O. W." box="[151,656,1299,1323]" page="346" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" year="1973">
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FF8BAD6FFF2C9662FD39FAD0" ID-CoL="8CHSD" authority="Richards, 1973: 346" authorityName="Richards" authorityPageNumber="346" authorityYear="1973" box="[151,656,1299,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Leptocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis" subGenus="Biroina">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8BAD6FFF2C9662FF57FAD0" box="[151,254,1300,1323]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Leptocera</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8BAD6FFEB69662FEF0FAD0" box="[269,345,1300,1323]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Biroina</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8BAD6FFED39665FE13FAD0" box="[360,442,1299,1323]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">vernalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E3695793FF8BAD6FFE7B9665FD39FAD0" author="Richards, O. W." box="[448,656,1299,1323]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="297 - 401" refId="ref94252" refString="Richards, O. W. (1973) The Sphaeroceridae (= Borboridae or Cypselidae; Diptera Cyclorrhapha) of the Australian region. Australian Journal of Zoology Supplemental Series, 22, 297 - 401. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 022" type="journal article" year="1973">Richards, 1973: 346</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87472A62FF8BAD6FFF2C9644FC36FAB1" blockId="82.[151,927,1299,1385]" box="[151,927,1330,1354]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A7E80D4CFF8BAD6FFF2C9644FC36FAB1" box="[151,927,1330,1354]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FF8BAD6FFF2C9644FE06FAB1" ID-CoL="68L35" authority="(Richards)" baseAuthorityName="Richards" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[151,431,1330,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Biroina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8BAD6FFF2C9644FE95FAB1" box="[151,316,1330,1354]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Biroina vernalis</emphasis>
(Richards)
</taxonomicName>
,
<treatmentCitation id="06590C73FF8BAD6FFE019644FD20FAB1" author="Marshall, S. A." box="[442,649,1330,1354]" page="602" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="E3695793FF8BAD6FFE019644FD20FAB1" author="Marshall, S. A." box="[442,649,1330,1354]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="601 - 607" refId="ref93510" refString="Marshall, S. A. (1989) 96. Family Sphaeroceridae. In: Evenhuis, N. L. (Ed.), Catalog of Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanic Regions. Bishop Museum Press and E. J. Brill, Honolulu, pp. 601 - 607." type="book chapter" year="1989">Marshall, 1989: 602</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="06590C73FF8BAD6FFD2F9644FC32FAB1" author="Rohacek, J. &amp; Marshall, S. A. &amp; Norrbom, A. L. &amp; Buck, M. &amp; Quiros, D. I. &amp; Smith, I." box="[660,923,1330,1354]" page="126" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="E3695793FF8BAD6FFD2F9644FC32FAB1" author="Rohacek, J. &amp; Marshall, S. A. &amp; Norrbom, A. L. &amp; Buck, M. &amp; Quiros, D. I. &amp; Smith, I." box="[660,923,1330,1354]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refId="ref94357" refString="Rohacek, J., Marshall, S. A., Norrbom, A. L., Buck, M., Quiros, D. I. &amp; Smith, I. (2001) World Catalog of Sphaeroceridae. Slezske zemske Museum, Opava, 415 pp." type="book" year="2001">
Roháček
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8BAD6FFD489645FC8FFAB1" box="[755,806,1330,1354]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al.</emphasis>
, 2001: 126
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87472A62FF8BAD6FFF2C9626FD01FA92" blockId="82.[151,927,1299,1385]" box="[151,680,1360,1385]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FF8BAD6FFF2C9626FE6DFA93" ID-CoL="BD3LX" authority="(Richards)" baseAuthorityName="Richards" box="[151,452,1360,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8BAD6FFF2C9626FEF8FA93" box="[151,337,1360,1384]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Howickia vernalis</emphasis>
(Richards)
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E3695793FF8BAD6FFE759626FD0DFA92" author="Marshall, S. A. &amp; Luk, S. P. L. &amp; Dong, H." box="[462,676,1360,1385]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref93565" refString="Marshall, S. A., Luk, S. P. L. &amp; Dong, H. (2014) A revision of the New Zealand species of Howickia Richards. Zootaxa, 3887 (1), 1 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3887.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Marshall
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8BAD6FFD949627FDCBFA93" box="[559,610,1360,1384]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="87472A62FF8BAD6FFF2C96E0FC3AFA4A" blockId="82.[151,1437,1430,2033]" box="[151,915,1430,1457]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8BAD6FFF2C96E0FE80FA4B" bold="true" box="[151,297,1430,1456]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8BAD6FFE8B96E1FE69FA4A" box="[304,448,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Body length:</emphasis>
Males
<quantity id="40008787FF8BAD6FFDA996E1FD32FA4A" box="[530,667,1431,1457]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.3">2.32.7 mm</quantity>
, females
<quantity id="40008787FF8BAD6FFCBE96E1FC26FA4A" box="[773,911,1431,1457]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.1" valueMin="2.9">2.93.1 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87472A62FF8BAD6FFF7C96CDFE80F92A" blockId="82.[151,1437,1430,2033]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8BAD6FFF7C96CDFEA4FA2E" box="[199,269,1467,1493]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Head:</emphasis>
Orange-brown, darkest just behind ocellar triangle; lower half of frontal vitta yellow, upper half brownish; strips between interfrontal plates and orbital plates orange; frontal vitta, interfrontal plates and orbital plates microtrichose; gena orange-yellow; antenna orange. Frontal width 2.1x interfrontal height. Two pairs of large interfrontal bristles, preceded by a smaller pair (0.5x length of posterior pairs); 2 lateroclinate orbital bristles, anterior bristle 0.5x length of posterior bristle. Gena with strong upcurved bristle and 23 smaller setae, finely and densely striate, shiny, lower half microtrichose; vibrissal angle with 2 subvibrissal setae. Face with a small flattened triangle along ventromedial margin; palpus clavate with 1 large apical and 1 large preapical seta. Eye height 2.7x genal height.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87472A62FF8BAD6FFF7C95ADFD68F89A" blockId="82.[151,1437,1430,2033]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8BAD6FFF7C95ADFE88F90E" box="[199,289,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Thorax:</emphasis>
Dark brown; scutum shiny despite brown microtrichia, lateral edges broadly brown and with pale spot on posterior notopleural lobe. One pair of dorsocentral bristles; 56 rows of short, rather stout acrostichal setulae. Prosternum broadened, triangular. Scutellum large, microtrichose, semicircular, its length 0.7x its width; 4 scutellar bristles long, apical pair 2.0x length of basal pair.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87472A62FF8BAD6FFF7C941DFA3CF80A" blockId="82.[151,1437,1430,2033]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8BAD6FFF7C941DFEAFF87F" box="[199,262,1899,1924]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Legs:</emphasis>
Brown, tibiae proximally (especially so in hind tibia) and distally pale brown; tarsi brown, basal 2 tarsomeres of hind leg dark brown. Male mid tibia with a moderate apicoventral bristle and 2 rows of stout ventral setae, mid femur with 2 corresponding rows of strong proximoventral setae. Basal half of mid tibia with 4 dorsal bristles (2 anterodorsal and 2 posterodorsal), distal half with 3 dorsal bristles (2 anterodorsal and 1 posterodorsal).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="87472A62FF8AAD6EFF23941DFACFF85C" blockId="83.[151,1436,1899,1959]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8AAD6EFF23941DFE2BF878" bold="true" box="[152,386,1899,1923]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">FIGURES 22.122.5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FF8AAD6EFE37941DFD16F878" authority="(Richards)" baseAuthorityName="Richards" box="[396,703,1899,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8AAD6EFE37941DFDE1F878" box="[396,584,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Howickia vernalis</emphasis>
(Richards)
</taxonomicName>
. 22.1, male habitus, lateral; 22.2, male head, anterolateral; 22.3, male S58, ventral; 22.4, male terminalia, lateral; 22.5, aedeagus and associated structures, lateral. Scale bars indicate 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D3877AEAFF8DAD69FF2394E1FB5DF828" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138786" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7138786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138786/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" startId="84.[152,270,1943,1967]" targetBox="[188,1400,181,1906]" targetPageId="84">
<paragraph id="87472A62FF8DAD69FF2394E1FB5DF828" blockId="84.[151,1437,1943,2004]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8DAD69FF2394E1FE29F854" bold="true" box="[152,384,1943,1967]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">FIGURES 22.622.9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FF8DAD69FE3394EEFD1EF84B" authority="(Richards)" baseAuthorityName="Richards" box="[392,695,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8DAD69FE3394EEFDEBF84B" box="[392,578,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Howickia vernalis</emphasis>
(Richards)
</taxonomicName>
. 22.6, left wing; 22.7, female terminalia, dorsal; 22.8, female terminalia, ventral; 22.9, spermathecae. Female cerci were excluded from ventral illustration. Scale bar indicates 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="87472A62FF8CAD68FF7C93E1FB92FEE0" blockId="85.[151,1436,151,1622]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8CAD68FF7C93E1FEFCFF4A" box="[199,341,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Wing/halter:</emphasis>
Strongly infuscate. CS2 0.4x length of CS3. R
<subScript id="1B7C2827FF8CAD68FCED93DFFCC6FF4C" attach="left" box="[854,879,169,183]" fontSize="6" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">2+3</subScript>
very strongly sinuate, curves roughly symmetrical rounded right angled, distal curve meeting costa at an angle of 80˚ above crossvein
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8CAD68FBE693CDFB2BFF2F" box="[1117,1154,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">i-m</emphasis>
, sometimes with a short appendage on distal curve; R
<subScript id="1B7C2827FF8CAD68FE659386FE51FF05" attach="left" box="[478,504,240,254]" fontSize="6" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">4+5</subScript>
rather strongly upcurved, meeting costa well before wing tip; costa extending past R
<subScript id="1B7C2827FF8CAD68FF119265FF6DFEDA" attach="left" box="[170,196,275,289]" fontSize="6" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">4+5</subScript>
(3x costal width). Halter pale; knob brown and apically pale; stem pale brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87472A62FF8CAD68FF7C9252FD16FD3A" blockId="85.[151,1436,151,1622]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8CAD68FF7C9252FED8FEC5" box="[199,369,292,318]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Male abdomen</emphasis>
: Dark reddish-brown with reddish synsternite 6+7 and S8, heavily sclerotized, shiny despite microtrichia. T25 and S24 sparsely long-setose with large posterolateral setae. S5 broad (width 2.5x length), sparsely long-setose, broadly posteromedially desclerotized with dense microtrichia and several small stout setae anterior to a row of 1516 stout, flattened teeth along the posteromedial margin. Epandrium small, wedge-shaped, and sparsely long-setose; cercus very large, bulging and out-curved posteriorly with few long setae and dense upcurved setulae along flattened posterior face. Hypandrium medially upcurved and flattened; ventral lobe large, elongate and apicoventrally tapered; posterodorsal lobe elongate, sinuate. Surstylus bilobed: broad inner-anterior lobe rounded and flattened; outer-posterior lobe triangular, slightly curved inwards with many apical setae. Postgonite elongate, proximally with a pair of anterior setulae, gently tapered and curved forwards along apical half, apex rounded into a slight club. Phallapodeme gently sinuate, apex curved downwards into a broad hook; basiphallus elongate, arms gently curved forwards and broadened distally. Distiphallus simple, tubular, sinuate, tapered apically with 2 triangular, highly membranous apicolateral flaps.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87472A62FF8CAD68FF7C91BDFCA3FBBE" blockId="85.[151,1436,151,1622]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8CAD68FF7C91BDFE3DFD1E" box="[199,404,715,741]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Female abdomen:</emphasis>
Dark brown, heavily sclerotized, shiny despite microtrichia. T25 sparsely long-setose in posterior two-thirds with large posterolateral setae, S25 uniformly long-setose along entire surface with large posterolateral setae; pleural membrane with very sparse setae. Preabdomen slightly shorter than length of head + thorax. Postabdomen elongate, narrow, 3.0x length of T5. T6 and T7 reduced to paired lateral plates which may be narrowly joined posteriorly, each bearing 3 and 2 apical setae, respectively. Epiproct rectangular with a slight posteromedial emargination and bearing a dorsomedial pair of setae. Cercus triangular and apically diverging with 3 long sinuate setae (1 apical, 1 basolateral and 1 dorsal) and several smaller setulae. S6 and S7 relatively well-developed, present as microtrichose, trapezoidal plates with some anteromedial desclerotization and bearing a posterior row of 8 setae. S8 reduced to an ovoid, microtrichose plate with medial row of 4 setae. Hypoproct largely desclerotized, rounded, microtrichose with a preapical row of setae. Spermathecae stout, ovoid and deeply grooved; stem short (0.5x length of spermatheca) and cylindrical.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFE279E9FF8CAD68FF7C9738FEDAFA79" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="87472A62FF8CAD68FF7C9738FCDDFB70" blockId="85.[151,1436,151,1622]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8CAD68FF7C9738FEDFFB93" bold="true" box="[199,374,1102,1128]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3790203FFF8CAD68FEC69738FEBAFB70" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3920718563" collectingDate="1962-10-12" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="D. H. Colless" country="Australia" location="Dorrigo National Park" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="584394C0FF8CAD68FEC69738FE43FB93" box="[381,490,1102,1128]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="FFEF6AF2FF8CAD68FE489738FD3FFB93" box="[499,662,1102,1128]" name="Australia" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
:
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8CAD68FD1A9738FCD2FB93" bold="true" box="[673,891,1102,1128]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<collectingRegion id="453CE480FF8CAD68FD1A9738FCDEFB93" box="[673,887,1102,1128]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="82277CB9FF8CAD68FC389738FB28FB93" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F519B74FF8BAD68FF2C97DCFDA6F9AE:82277CB9FF8CAD68FC389738FB28FB93" box="[899,1153,1102,1128]" country="Australia" name="Dorrigo National Park" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" stateProvince="New South Wales">Dorrigo National Park</location>
,
<date id="F3460CA2FF8CAD68FB369738FB56FB93" box="[1165,1279,1102,1128]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1962-10-12">
<collectingDate id="E302F54AFF8CAD68FB369738FB56FB93" box="[1165,1279,1102,1128]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1962-10-12">12.x.1962</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A0D4FB4FF8CAD68FAB79738FA35FB93" box="[1292,1436,1102,1128]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">D.H. Colless</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="91FEE1EBFF8CAD68FF1A9707FF11FB70" box="[161,184,1137,1163]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="male"></specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E1E9B2A7FF8CAD68FF799707FEA5FB70" box="[194,268,1137,1163]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">ANIC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3790203FFF8CAD68FEA59707FCD9FB70" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3920718671" box="[286,880,1137,1164]" collectionCode="ANIC" country="Australia" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="584394C0FF8CAD68FEA59707FE2FFB70" box="[286,390,1137,1163]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
photos provided by James Lumbers,
<collectionCode id="E1E9B2A7FF8CAD68FC939707FCD9FB70" box="[808,880,1137,1163]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">ANIC</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87472A62FF8CAD68FF7C97E2FEDAFA79" blockId="85.[151,1436,151,1622]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8CAD68FF7C97E2FE1AFB55" bold="true" box="[199,435,1172,1198]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3790203FFF8CAD68FE0197E2FB2EFB29" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3920718431" collectingDate="1982-06-13" collectingDateMax="1982-08-24" collectingDateMin="1982-06-13" collectionCode="DEBU" collectorName="S. &amp; J. Peck" country="Australia" elevation="1000" location="Tweed Valley" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="New South Wales">
<collectingCountry id="FFEF6AF2FF8CAD68FE0197E2FDF4FB55" box="[442,605,1172,1198]" name="Australia" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
:
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8CAD68FDD197E2FCE1FB55" bold="true" box="[618,840,1172,1198]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<collectingRegion id="453CE480FF8CAD68FDD197E2FCEAFB55" box="[618,835,1172,1198]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<locationDeviation id="96F53340FF8CAD68FCEA97E2FBE5FB55" box="[849,1100,1172,1199]" location="Wiangaree" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<quantity id="40008787FF8CAD68FCEA97E2FC33FB55" box="[849,922,1172,1198]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="km" value="33.0">33 km</quantity>
NE Wiangaree
</locationDeviation>
, near
<location id="82277CB9FF8CAD68FB2897E2FA87FB55" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F519B74FF8BAD68FF2C97DCFDA6F9AE:82277CB9FF8CAD68FB2897E2FA87FB55" box="[1171,1326,1172,1198]" country="Australia" name="Tweed Valley" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" stateProvince="New South Wales">Tweed Valley</location>
Lookout,
<quantity id="40008787FF8CAD68FF2C97CEFF58FB29" box="[151,241,1208,1234]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="1000.0">
<elevation id="0CD5CD51FF8CAD68FF2C97CEFF58FB29" box="[151,241,1208,1234]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, rainforest,
<collectingMethod id="5EB95275FF8CAD68FEC797C1FDF5FB29" box="[380,604,1207,1234]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">flight-intercept trap</collectingMethod>
,
<date id="F3460CA2FF8CAD68FDD097C1FC92FB2A" box="[619,827,1207,1233]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1982-06-13" valueMax="1982-08-24" valueMin="1982-06-13">
<collectingDate id="E302F54AFF8CAD68FDD097C1FC92FB2A" box="[619,827,1207,1233]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1982-06-13" valueMax="1982-08-24" valueMin="1982-06-13">13.vi24.viii.1982</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A0D4FB4FF8CAD68FCF197CEFC75FB2A" box="[842,988,1207,1234]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. &amp; J. Peck</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="91FEE1EBFF8CAD68FC4A97CEFBB6FB29" box="[1009,1055,1208,1234]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E1E9B2A7FF8CAD68FB9597CEFBD6FB29" box="[1070,1151,1208,1234]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/yhs7-n61d" name="Ontario Insect Collection, University of Guelph" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">DEBU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3790203FFF8CAD68FB2E97C1FBC7FB0E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3920718416" collectingDate="1999-09-23" collectionCode="DEBU" collectorName="J. Holt" country="Australia" elevation="800" location="lower Gibraltar Range" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="New South Wales">
<location id="82277CB9FF8CAD68FB2E97C1FA31FB29" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F519B74FF8BAD68FF2C97DCFDA6F9AE:82277CB9FF8CAD68FB2E97C1FA31FB29" box="[1173,1432,1207,1234]" country="Australia" name="lower Gibraltar Range" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" stateProvince="New South Wales">lower Gibraltar Range</location>
, 29˚13S 152˚22E,
<quantity id="40008787FF8CAD68FEC197ADFE61FB0E" box="[378,456,1243,1269]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="800.0">
<elevation id="0CD5CD51FF8CAD68FEC197ADFE61FB0E" box="[378,456,1243,1269]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, rainforest,
<collectingMethod id="5EB95275FF8CAD68FDEC97ADFD7AFB0E" box="[599,723,1243,1269]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">pitfall trap</collectingMethod>
,
<date id="F3460CA2FF8CAD68FD5F97ADFCF7FB0E" box="[740,862,1243,1269]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1999-09-23">
<collectingDate id="E302F54AFF8CAD68FD5F97ADFCF7FB0E" box="[740,862,1243,1269]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1999-09-23">23.ix.1999</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A0D4FB4FF8CAD68FCD497ADFC17FB0E" box="[879,958,1243,1269]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">J. Holt</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="91FEE1EBFF8CAD68FC6E97ADFBADFB0E" box="[981,1028,1243,1269]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E1E9B2A7FF8CAD68FBAE97ADFBCFFB0E" box="[1045,1126,1243,1269]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/yhs7-n61d" name="Ontario Insect Collection, University of Guelph" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">DEBU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3790203FFF8CAD68FBC497ACFA31FAE3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3920718401" collectingDate="1978-06-23" collectingDateMax="1978-07-07" collectingDateMin="1978-06-23" collectionCode="DEBU" collectorName="S. &amp; J. Peck" country="Australia" elevation="900" location="Binna Burma" municipality="Lamington National Park" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="Queensland">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8CAD68FBC497ACFABFFB0F" bold="true" box="[1151,1302,1242,1268]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<collectingRegion id="453CE480FF8CAD68FBC497ACFAB8FB0F" box="[1151,1297,1242,1268]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Queensland</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="6723B018FF8CAD68FA9A97ADFE9CFAE3" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Lamington National Park</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="82277CB9FF8CAD68FEFB9788FE70FAE3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F519B74FF8BAD68FF2C97DCFDA6F9AE:82277CB9FF8CAD68FEFB9788FE70FAE3" box="[320,473,1278,1304]" country="Australia" municipality="Lamington National Park" name="Binna Burma" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" stateProvince="Queensland">Binna Burma</location>
,
<quantity id="40008787FF8CAD68FE5E9788FD87FAE3" box="[485,558,1278,1304]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="900.0">
<elevation id="0CD5CD51FF8CAD68FE5E9788FD87FAE3" box="[485,558,1278,1304]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FF8CAD68FD819788FD12FAE3" box="[570,699,1278,1304]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8CAD68FD819788FD12FAE3" box="[570,699,1278,1304]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Nothofagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grove, carrion,
<date id="F3460CA2FF8CAD68FCD69788FB81FAE3" box="[877,1064,1278,1304]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1978-06-23" valueMax="1978-07-07" valueMin="1978-06-23">
<collectingDate id="E302F54AFF8CAD68FCD69788FB81FAE3" box="[877,1064,1278,1304]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1978-06-23" valueMax="1978-07-07" valueMin="1978-06-23">23.vi7.vii.1978</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A0D4FB4FF8CAD68FB8F9788FB14FAE3" box="[1076,1213,1278,1304]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. &amp; J. Peck</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="91FEE1EBFF8CAD68FB759788FB53FAE3" box="[1230,1274,1278,1305]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="male">5 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="91FEE1EBFF8CAD68FABC9788FA98FAE3" box="[1287,1329,1278,1304]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E1E9B2A7FF8CAD68FA849788FA39FAE3" box="[1343,1424,1278,1304]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/yhs7-n61d" name="Ontario Insect Collection, University of Guelph" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">DEBU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3790203FFF8CAD68FF2C9654FC1BFAC0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3920718511" box="[151,946,1313,1340]" collectingDate="1989-04-27" collectingDateMax="1989-10-26" collectingDateMin="1989-04-27" collectionCode="DEBU" collectorName="A. Hiller" country="Australia" location="Mount Glorious" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Queensland">
<location id="82277CB9FF8CAD68FF2C9654FEE4FAC0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F519B74FF8BAD68FF2C97DCFDA6F9AE:82277CB9FF8CAD68FF2C9654FEE4FAC0" box="[151,333,1313,1340]" country="Australia" name="Mount Glorious" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" stateProvince="Queensland">Mount Glorious</location>
,
<collectingMethod id="5EB95275FF8CAD68FEEC9657FE4DFAC7" box="[343,484,1313,1340]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
,
<date id="F3460CA2FF8CAD68FE549657FD01FAC0" box="[495,680,1313,1339]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1989-04-27" valueMax="1989-10-26" valueMin="1989-04-27">
<collectingDate id="E302F54AFF8CAD68FE549657FD01FAC0" box="[495,680,1313,1339]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1989-04-27" valueMax="1989-10-26" valueMin="1989-04-27">27.iv26.x.1989</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A0D4FB4FF8CAD68FD0A9657FCBAFAC0" box="[689,787,1313,1339]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">A. Hiller</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="91FEE1EBFF8CAD68FC999657FCE7FAC7" box="[802,846,1313,1340]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E1E9B2A7FF8CAD68FCE29657FC03FAC0" box="[857,938,1313,1339]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/yhs7-n61d" name="Ontario Insect Collection, University of Guelph" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">DEBU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3790203FFF8CAD68FC069657FE0CFAA5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3920718662" collectingDate="1999-03-09" collectingDateMax="1999-03-10" collectingDateMin="1999-03-09" collectionCode="DEBU" collectorName="S. A. Marshall" country="Australia" location="Springbrook" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Queensland">
<location id="82277CB9FF8CAD68FC069657FBE5FAC0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F519B74FF8BAD68FF2C97DCFDA6F9AE:82277CB9FF8CAD68FC069657FBE5FAC0" box="[957,1100,1313,1339]" country="Australia" name="Springbrook" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" stateProvince="Queensland">Springbrook</location>
,
<collectingMethod id="5EB95275FF8CAD68FBED9654FB14FAC7" box="[1110,1213,1314,1340]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">pan traps</collectingMethod>
,
<date id="F3460CA2FF8CAD68FB739657FAC9FAC0" box="[1224,1376,1313,1339]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1999-03-09" valueMax="1999-03-10" valueMin="1999-03-09">
<collectingDate id="E302F54AFF8CAD68FB739657FAC9FAC0" box="[1224,1376,1313,1339]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1999-03-09" valueMax="1999-03-10" valueMin="1999-03-09">910.iii.1999</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A0D4FB4FF8CAD68FAD19657FF52FAA5" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S.A. Marshall</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="91FEE1EBFF8CAD68FEAB9632FE94FAA4" box="[272,317,1348,1375]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E1E9B2A7FF8CAD68FEF09632FE35FAA5" box="[331,412,1348,1374]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/yhs7-n61d" name="Ontario Insect Collection, University of Guelph" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">DEBU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3790203FFF8CAD68FE089632FEC6FA79" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3920718745" collectingDate="1978-05-21" collectingDateMax="1978-05-26" collectingDateMin="1978-05-21" collectionCode="DEBU" collectorName="S. &amp; J. Peck" country="Australia" location="Mallacoota National Park" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Victoria">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8CAD68FE089632FDB4FAA5" bold="true" box="[435,541,1348,1374]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<collectingRegion id="453CE480FF8CAD68FE089632FDB1FAA5" box="[435,536,1348,1374]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Victoria</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="82277CB9FF8CAD68FD9C9632FCE6FAA5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F519B74FF8BAD68FF2C97DCFDA6F9AE:82277CB9FF8CAD68FD9C9632FCE6FAA5" box="[551,847,1348,1374]" country="Australia" name="Mallacoota National Park" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" stateProvince="Victoria">Mallacoota National Park</location>
, temperate rainforest “Cal.”,
<date id="F3460CA2FF8CAD68FB1A9632FA95FAA5" box="[1185,1340,1348,1374]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1978-05-21" valueMax="1978-05-26" valueMin="1978-05-21">
<collectingDate id="E302F54AFF8CAD68FB1A9632FA95FAA5" box="[1185,1340,1348,1374]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1978-05-21" valueMax="1978-05-26" valueMin="1978-05-21">2126.v.1978</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2A0D4FB4FF8CAD68FAF19632FF64FA7A" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. &amp; J. Peck</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="91FEE1EBFF8CAD68FF5B961EFEA3FA79" box="[224,266,1384,1410]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="E1E9B2A7FF8CAD68FEAD961EFECEFA79" box="[278,359,1384,1410]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/yhs7-n61d" name="Ontario Insect Collection, University of Guelph" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">DEBU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFE279E9FF8CAD68FF7C96FCFDA6F9AE" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="87472A62FF8CAD68FF7C96FCFDA6F9AE" blockId="85.[151,1436,151,1622]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8CAD68FF7C96FCFEE6FA5F" bold="true" box="[199,335,1418,1444]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Comments.</emphasis>
The male terminalia of
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FF8CAD68FDE696FDFD70FA5E" box="[605,729,1419,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8CAD68FDE696FDFD70FA5E" box="[605,729,1419,1445]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">H. vernalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
closely resemble those of
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FF8CAD68FBBF96FDFB21FA5F" box="[1028,1160,1419,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trivittata">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8CAD68FBBF96FDFB21FA5F" box="[1028,1160,1419,1444]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">H. trivittata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with enlarged cerci and similar S5 morphology, but external features of these species are dissimilar. Both species have been collected from some of the same localities in NSW and QLD.
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FF8CAD68FD0A96A7FCD6FA10" box="[689,895,1489,1515]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8CAD68FD0A96A7FCD6FA10" box="[689,895,1489,1515]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Howickia vernalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is externally similar to
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FF8CAD68FB3596A4FAFEFA10" authorityName="Kuwahara &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2022" box="[1166,1367,1489,1515]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthocephala">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8CAD68FB3596A4FAFEFA10" box="[1166,1367,1489,1515]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">H. xanthocephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from which it can be readily distinguished by the strongly S-shaped R
<subScript id="1B7C2827FF8CAD68FCD29571FC2BF9EE" attach="left" box="[873,898,1543,1557]" fontSize="6" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">2+3</subScript>
(straighter in
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FF8CAD68FB9A9683FB41F9F5" authorityName="Kuwahara &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2022" box="[1057,1256,1524,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthocephala">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8CAD68FB9A9683FB41F9F5" box="[1057,1256,1524,1550]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">H. xanthocephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), mid tibia with four dorsal setae in the proximal half (five in
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FF8CAD68FD1A956EFCC0F9CA" authorityName="Kuwahara &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2022" box="[673,873,1559,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthocephala">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8CAD68FD1A956EFCC0F9CA" box="[673,873,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">H. xanthocephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and brown fore tarsus (in
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FF8CAD68FB12956EFADBF9CA" authorityName="Kuwahara &amp; Marshall" authorityYear="2022" box="[1193,1394,1559,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthocephala">
<emphasis id="B58CF670FF8CAD68FB12956EFADBF9CA" box="[1193,1394,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">H. xanthocephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the apical four tarsomeres are white).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>