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<document id="888543BD831BA6FB08420CFBC6E84CBB" ID-DOI="10.1051/parasite/2023058" ID-ISSN="1776-1042" ID-PMC="PMC10732140" ID-PubMed="38117273" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12628842" ID-ZooBank="DC25665A-E218-496B-974E-B813F69395E5" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch,operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1719954839333" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Durette-Desset, Marie-Claude &amp; Digiani, María Celina" docDate="2023" docId="03ED87FEFF84FFC0271CF95EFBC7FA60" docLanguage="en" docName="Parasite.30.63.pdf" docOrigin="Parasite (Paris, France) 30 (63)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023058" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A40D95A4C09C797DBB807E438D2BF437.2:Parasite.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="A40D95A4C09C797DBB807E438D2BF437" docStyleName="Parasite.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Melomystrongylus somoroensis , Smales &amp; Heinrich 2010" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFD4FF86FF81FFC6276DFFE6FF8BFF8C" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genera of Heligmonellidae (Nematoda, Heligmosomoidea), parasitic in Muridae from New Guinea" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1728046454050" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="F042CE4B7622BA38EAD6D36123E4D3D1">Revision of the genera of Heligmonellidae (Nematoda, Heligmosomoidea), parasitic in Muridae from New Guinea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AB77E8BB2DA1704F014731793F26E751">Durette-Desset, Marie-Claude</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="67CB1FC272D1930869A86F9FCC64479C">Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National dHistoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="687B49181E3569972212D2ABCC8876DD">Digiani, María Celina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EBC063E83D6A680AB7CD769AB55EA4E1">CONICET-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina &amp; División Zoología Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata,</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03ED87FEFF84FFC0271CF95EFBC7FA60" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED87FEFF84FFC0271CF95EFBC7FA60" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED87FEFF84FFC0271CF95EFBC7FA60" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF84FFC3271CF95EFD7CF965" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF84FFC3271CF95EFD7CF965" blockId="5.[113,768,1720,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF84FFC3271CF95EFD3FF940" bold="true" box="[113,692,1720,1740]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
3.1.1.2
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF84FFC327ADF95EFD90F940" ID-CoL="B2QTR" authority="Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010" authorityName=", Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[192,539,1720,1740]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="somoroensis">Melomystrongylus somoroensis</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF84FFC32546F95EFD27F940" box="[555,684,1720,1740]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. AD Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. EH Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: AD redrawn from [30]. EH redrawn from [45]. G modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 1E1H</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF84FFC3271CF932FD7CF965" box="[113,759,1747,1769]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3.1.1.2.1 Synlophe (based on sections from five worms, sex not specified).</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF84FFC0271CF917FC4FFB26" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF84FFC3271CF917FF3FF80E" blockId="5.[113,768,1720,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Sections analyzed herein are those within proximal part of body: male (Fig. 38/1E) and female (Fig. 40/1F), and at midbody: male (Fig. 42/1G), and female (Fig. 44/1H). In all sections lateral cords illustrated; ridges numbered in Figures 38/1E and 40/
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF84FFC327FBF88DFF3FF80E" box="[150,180,1899,1922]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">1F.</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF84FFC327F4F86CFB08F91D" blockId="5.[113,768,1720,2014]" lastBlockId="5.[813,1467,1627,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF84FFC327F4F86CFE08F82D" box="[153,387,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Within proximal body</emphasis>
: in both sexes careen absent, synlophe with hypertrophied ventral ridge (ridge 5, interpreted herein as comarete), and three large right ridges associated with right lateral cord; in both sections tips of ridges 1 and 1 divergent; axis of orientation oblique.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF84FFC32438F97EFC3AF887" blockId="5.[813,1467,1627,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF84FFC32438F97EFC31F923" box="[853,954,1688,1711]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. AD Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. EH Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: AD redrawn from [30]. EH redrawn from [45]. G modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 1E</figureCitation>
(male section): 13 ridges almost regularly spaced: ridges on left-dorsal quadrant more widely spaced than those on right-dorsal quadrant. Gap between ridges 5 and 4 (arrowhead).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF84FFC32438F8F4FB90F8EB" blockId="5.[813,1467,1627,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF84FFC32438F8F4FC2AF8A5" box="[853,929,1810,1833]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. AD Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. EH Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: AD redrawn from [30]. EH redrawn from [45]. G modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
(female section): 15 ridges irregularly spaced with left ventral ridges tighter than other ridges. Gap between ridges 6 and 5 (arrowhead).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF84FFC32438F888FBEDF86D" blockId="5.[813,1467,1627,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF84FFC32438F888FC58F809" box="[853,979,1902,1925]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">At midbody:</emphasis>
in both sexes careen absent, synlophe differing markedly from that in proximal part (comarete disappeared, number of ridges slightly increased). Ridges losing orientation after Smales &amp; Heinrich [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF84FFC32350F82CFBDCF86D" author="Smales LR &amp; Heinrich B." box="[1085,1111,1994,2017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref30293" refString="45. Smales LR, Heinrich B. 2010. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Heligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida). Zootaxa, 2672, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">45</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC027F4FF09FE4DFEED" blockId="6.[113,768,246,445]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF87FFC027F4FF09FE86FE8A" box="[153,269,239,262]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. AD Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. EH Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: AD redrawn from [30]. EH redrawn from [45]. G modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 1G</figureCitation>
(male section): ridges unequal in size and oriented from right to left on both dorsal and ventral sides, except tip of left ridge directed ventrally and convergent with tip of ridge immediately ventral.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC027F4FE8FFF29FE31" blockId="6.[113,768,246,445]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF87FFC027F4FE8FFE8EFE0C" box="[153,261,361,384]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. AD Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. EH Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: AD redrawn from [30]. EH redrawn from [45]. G modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 1H</figureCitation>
(female section): ridges rather subequal in size, regularly spaced and oriented from right-ventral to left-dorsal side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC0271CFE3AFDDAFDC1" blockId="6.[113,768,474,589]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC0271CFE3AFD96FE7D" box="[113,541,476,497]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
3.1.1.2.2 Bursa (illustrated in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF87FFC026F1FE3AFE3FFE7D" author="Smales LR &amp; Heinrich B." box="[412,436,476,497]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref30293" refString="45. Smales LR, Heinrich B. 2010. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Heligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida). Zootaxa, 2672, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">45</bibRefCitation>
]: Fig. 49).
</emphasis>
Figure 49: bursa flattened out, orientation not specified; rays 2 and 3 longer than rays 4-6. From the written description [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF87FFC02564FDF1FDA8FDA2" author="Smales LR &amp; Heinrich B." box="[521,547,535,558]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref30293" refString="45. Smales LR, Heinrich B. 2010. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Heligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida). Zootaxa, 2672, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">45</bibRefCitation>
]: bursa dissymmetrical with right lobe larger; pattern of
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF87FFC0269EFDD0FD94FDC1" box="[499,543,566,589]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
3-2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC0271CFD97FEA9FD0A" blockId="6.[113,290,625,646]" box="[113,290,625,646]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC0271CFD97FEA9FD0A" bold="true" box="[113,290,625,646]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3.1.2 Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC0271CFD4CFEADFD32" blockId="6.[113,768,681,2016]" box="[113,294,681,702]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC0271CFD4CFEADFD32" bold="true" box="[113,294,681,702]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3.1.2.1 Synlophe</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC027F4FD20FD25FB04" blockId="6.[113,768,681,2016]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC027F4FD20FEACFD51" box="[153,295,710,733]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Size of ridges</emphasis>
: the “midbody” sections of male and female seem to have been taken at different levels. Specifically, the female sections were probably taken towards the end of the mid-region of body (
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02620FCC4FEE0FCB5" box="[333,363,802,825]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">i.e.</emphasis>
, more distally than the male sections). This would explain the differences concerning the ridge size, since ridges usually become subequal towards the posterior end. This can be confirmed in the
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF87FFC0269AFC9BFDA8FC18" box="[503,547,893,916]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
species by noticing the male section at distal body (Fig.
<quantity id="4CBC9B0DFF87FFC0269CFC7AFDA3FC3F" box="[497,552,924,947]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1684" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="46.0">46 in</quantity>
[
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF87FFC02555FC7AFDD9FC3F" author="Smales LR &amp; Heinrich B." box="[568,594,924,947]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref30293" refString="45. Smales LR, Heinrich B. 2010. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Heligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida). Zootaxa, 2672, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">45</bibRefCitation>
]) which is identical to the “midbody” female section (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF87FFC02569FC5CFDD8FC5D" box="[516,595,954,977]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. AD Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. EH Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: AD redrawn from [30]. EH redrawn from [45]. G modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1H</figureCitation>
). Unfortunately, in neither of the two species are there intermediate sections between the proximal body and the midbody. Consequently, it is not possible to know at which levels the ridges start decreasing in size, or new ridges appear. This means that it is not possible to establish any homologies between the synlophe at midbody and that within the proximal part of body.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC027F4FB76FD88FAD2" blockId="6.[113,768,681,2016]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC027F4FB76FE0DFB2B" box="[153,390,1168,1191]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Orientation of ridges:</emphasis>
for both species, it was indicated [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF87FFC02717FB49FF1FFB4A" author="Smales LR" box="[122,148,1199,1222]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="5 - 15" refId="ref29513" refString="30. Smales LR. 2009. Helminths of Melomys rufescens and Melomys spp. (Muridae: Hydromyinae) from Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of a new genus and five new species in the Heligmonellidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 57, 5 - 15." type="journal article" year="2009">30</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF87FFC027CBFB49FF4BFB4A" author="Smales LR &amp; Heinrich B." box="[166,192,1199,1222]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref30293" refString="45. Smales LR, Heinrich B. 2010. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Heligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida). Zootaxa, 2672, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">45</bibRefCitation>
] that the orientation of the ridges is oblique within the proximal body and unclear in the rest of the body. Concerning the proximal part, we agree with the original statement, though this implies that on the four illustrated proximal sections, the tips of the ridges 1 and 1 (which are supposed to be convergent) are incorrectly figured.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC027F4FA80FDA9F8A5" blockId="6.[113,768,681,2016]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
At midbody, the orientation of the ridges is unclear in the
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF87FFC0271CFA62FF16FA17" box="[113,157,1412,1435]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
species (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF87FFC02669FA62FE31FA17" box="[260,442,1412,1435]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. AD Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. EH Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: AD redrawn from [30]. EH redrawn from [45]. G modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 1C and 1D</figureCitation>
) but it is more evident in the female section of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC0265CFA45FE5DFA36" authorityName=", Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[305,470,1443,1466]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="somoroensis">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC0265CFA45FE5DFA36" box="[305,470,1443,1466]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. somoroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
where the ridges determine an oblique, almost subfrontal, axis of orientation (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF87FFC025ECFA24FD59FA55" box="[641,722,1474,1497]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. AD Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. EH Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: AD redrawn from [30]. EH redrawn from [45]. G modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1H</figureCitation>
). In the male section of
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC0263DFA06FE73FA7B" authorityName=", Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[336,504,1504,1527]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="somoroensis">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC0263DFA06FE73FA7B" box="[336,504,1504,1527]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. somoroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF87FFC02560FA06FDEAFA7B" box="[525,609,1504,1527]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. AD Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. EH Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: AD redrawn from [30]. EH redrawn from [45]. G modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
), the fact that the left ridge is oriented toward the ventral side means that the pair of ridges with convergent tips (curved arrows on the left) is situated ventrally. Such arrangement actually determines an axis of orientation right-dorsal to left-ventral, which is not at all the rule in the
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC02648F99FFE59F91C" authorityName="Skrjabin &amp; Schikobalova" authorityYear="1952" box="[293,466,1657,1680]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmonellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Heligmonellidae</taxonomicName>
. We propose the reversion of the section on its frontal axis, which results in the left ridge directed dorsally and an axis of orientation directed from right-ventral to left-dorsal quadrant (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF87FFC02682F933FDC3F960" box="[495,584,1748,1772]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. AD Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. EH Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: AD redrawn from [30]. EH redrawn from [45]. G modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
). Although without a clear inclination, this arrangement is similar to that observed in the female section (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF87FFC026AFF8F4FD99F8A5" box="[450,530,1810,1833]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[113,180,1430,1451]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-232@5.[151,1436,238,1402]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Genus Melomystrongylus Smales, 2009. Body sections. AD Melomystrongylus sepikensis Smales, 2009. A, B within proximal body. A male, B female; C, D at midbody. C male, D, female. EH Melomystrongylus somoroensis Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. E, F within proximal body. E male, F female. G, G at midbody, male. H female “at posterior end of midbody” (sic). Sources: AD redrawn from [30]. EH redrawn from [45]. G modified figure, reversed on its frontal axis with respect to the original." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC027F4F8D6FA9CFECF" blockId="6.[113,768,681,2016]" lastBlockId="6.[813,1467,246,323]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
As noted by Smales [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF87FFC026E8F8D6FE14F8CB" author="Smales LR" box="[389,415,1840,1863]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="5 - 15" refId="ref29513" refString="30. Smales LR. 2009. Helminths of Melomys rufescens and Melomys spp. (Muridae: Hydromyinae) from Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of a new genus and five new species in the Heligmonellidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 57, 5 - 15." type="journal article" year="2009">30</bibRefCitation>
],
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC026DAF8D6FDFEF8CB" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" box="[439,629,1840,1863]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC026DAF8D6FDFEF8CB" box="[439,629,1840,1863]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Melomystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by the absence of a careen and the presence of a hypertrophied mid-ventral ridge within the proximal third of the body. Among the Australasian
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC02611F86AFDB6F82F" box="[380,573,1932,1955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
, there is only one genus without a careen and with hypertrophied ventral ridges:
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC0271CF82FFE88F86C" authorityName="Hasegawa &amp; Syafruddin" authorityYear="1994" box="[113,259,1993,2016]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Hasanuddinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC0271CF82FFE88F86C" box="[113,259,1993,2016]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hasanuddinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Smales [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF87FFC02617F82FFE1FF86C" author="Smales LR" box="[378,404,1993,2016]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="5 - 15" refId="ref29513" refString="30. Smales LR. 2009. Helminths of Melomys rufescens and Melomys spp. (Muridae: Hydromyinae) from Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of a new genus and five new species in the Heligmonellidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 57, 5 - 15." type="journal article" year="2009">30</bibRefCitation>
] distinguished
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC0252FF82FFC8BF86C" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" box="[578,768,1993,2016]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC0252FF82FFC8BF86C" box="[578,768,1993,2016]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Melomystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC02405FF09FC71FE8A" authorityName="Hasegawa &amp; Syafruddin" authorityYear="1994" box="[872,1018,239,262]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Hasanuddinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02405FF09FC71FE8A" box="[872,1018,239,262]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hasanuddinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of a single hypertrophied ridge in the first third of body length,
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC023C6FEEBFB67FEA8" box="[1195,1260,269,292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">versus</emphasis>
three hypertrophied ridges along the whole body in
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC02313FECAFA9BFECF" authorityName="Hasegawa &amp; Syafruddin" authorityYear="1994" box="[1150,1296,300,323]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Hasanuddinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02313FECAFA9BFECF" box="[1150,1296,300,323]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hasanuddinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC02440FE93FC37FE05" blockId="6.[813,1467,373,668]" box="[813,956,373,393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02440FE93FC37FE05" bold="true" box="[813,956,373,393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3.1.2.2 Bursa</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC02438FE77FC48FD8F" blockId="6.[813,1467,373,668]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02438FE77FC61FE24" box="[853,1002,401,424]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC02438FE77FC6FFE24" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" box="[853,996,401,424]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sepikensis">M. sepikensis</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
judging from the illustration, the pattern of the left lobe is 1-4 with ray 3 diverging at same level as ray 6 from their common trunk. The pattern of the right lobe is not illustrated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC02438FDEDFBB4FDD3" blockId="6.[813,1467,373,668]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02438FDEDFB8BFDAE" box="[853,1024,523,546]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC02438FDEDFC71FDAE" authorityName=", Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[853,1018,523,546]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="somoroensis">M. somoroensis</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
judging from the illustration, the pattern is 1-3-1 for both lobes with rays 3 and 6 diverging at same level from their common trunk.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC02438FD81FB88FD10" blockId="6.[813,1467,373,668]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
In the Remarks concerning
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC023E2FD81FC0DFD10" authority=", Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityName=", Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="somoroensis">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC023E2FD81FAB2FDF2" box="[1167,1337,615,638]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. somoroensis</emphasis>
, Smales &amp; Heinrich
</taxonomicName>
[
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF87FFC024FAFD63FC3AFD10" author="Smales LR &amp; Heinrich B." box="[919,945,645,668]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref30293" refString="45. Smales LR, Heinrich B. 2010. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Heligmonellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylida). Zootaxa, 2672, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">45</bibRefCitation>
] noted:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC02429FD54FBABFC0D" blockId="6.[836,1443,690,897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC0243DFD55FB5AFD46" box="[848,1233,691,714]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">The generic diagnosis of the genus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC023B6FD54FA28FD45" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" box="[1243,1443,690,713]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Melomystrongylus</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02429FD37FA8DFCA9" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">includes “bursa asymmetrical, left lobe larger”, the determination having been made after examining bursae that had not been completely rolled flat. In</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC02260FCE8FCEBFCCF" authorityName=", Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="somoroensis">M. somoroensis</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02407FCCBFBA9FCEE" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">the right lobe is the larger one and since this could also be the case for</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC02341FCADFB4AFCEE" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" box="[1068,1217,843,866]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sepikensis">M. sepikensis</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC023A1FCADFB9EFC0D" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">the diagnosis needs to be reconsidered.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC02447FC4BFC6AFC4D" blockId="6.[810,993,940,961]" box="[810,993,940,961]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02447FC4BFC6AFC4D" bold="true" box="[810,993,940,961]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3.1.3 Conclusion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC02438FC3AFC4FFB26" blockId="6.[813,1467,988,1195]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Despite the incomplete description of the synlophe, the presence of a hypertrophied ventral ridge (interpreted herein as a comarete) within the proximal third of the body allows the characterization of the genus. We consider
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC0227EFBDEFCC0FBE1" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC0227EFBDEFCC0FBE1" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Melomystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a valid genus. Further studies will be needed, especially of the bursa of the
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF87FFC024B5FB93FB8EFB00" box="[984,1029,1141,1164]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
species, to provide a more complete generic definition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF87FFC02440FB28FBC7FA60" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC02440FB28FBCBFB6E" blockId="6.[813,1088,1230,1250]" box="[813,1088,1230,1250]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02440FB28FBCBFB6E" bold="true" box="[813,1088,1230,1250]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3.1.4 Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF87FFC02438FAE6FBC7FA60" blockId="6.[813,1468,1280,1517]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC02438FAE6FB92FA9B" box="[853,1049,1280,1303]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC02438FAE6FB9EFA9B" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" box="[853,1045,1280,1303]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Melomystrongylus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Synlophe without careen. Within anterior third of body, 912 ridges; presence of one ventral comarete; ridges irregularly spaced; right ridge and dorsal adjacent ridge largest; other ridges unequal in size and small. At midbody, 1417 ridges medium-sized to small, irregularly spaced. Axis of orientation oblique within proximal part, uncertain in midbody. Characteristic bursal pattern of
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF87FFC0226FFA51FAA4FA42" box="[1282,1327,1463,1486]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
1-3-1 (only known in
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF87FFC024F4FA30FBB6FA61" authorityName=", Smales &amp; Heinrich" authorityYear="2010" box="[921,1085,1494,1517]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="somoroensis">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF87FFC024F4FA30FBB6FA61" box="[921,1085,1494,1517]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. somoroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>