221 lines
26 KiB
XML
221 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="38206BB851BEFBCC42359451048A7FF6" ID-CLB-Dataset="80831" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6727957" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a9b14435-eb35-414e-8820-b9eda51268f3" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-89-7" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6727957" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1656102006799" checkinUser="jonas" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2013" docId="03D787BA0E35FFCCFF20FDA5F59ACAC4" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_3_Hylobatidae_0778.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Nomascus siki" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="790" masterDocId="FFEEFFC20E39FFC0FF86FFAFFFB9CB7E" masterDocTitle="Hylobatidae" masterLastPageNumber="791" masterPageNumber="778" pageNumber="790" updateTime="1699350032655" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="3247B447C90B46DC0F8748D8FEA62765" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="A838F55BDF1978B2E1F4F1B7A5ABD71B">
|
||
<mods:title id="FEFBD2A9659FE84376FD1B05710B419E">Hylobatidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="EA8812D70FD1A40E97FE1C5F0DFAA94A" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="5BAD8FAE903031C5E124CF8F85747F2D">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="41058F0CBE82B3967639B33E39F21F91">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="66128A7F20434C7F5291360390E46443">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="832AAE2619368ED0712221F314AA204F" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="674E10BF69DD3B4E03C02E47FFEF8848">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="831547EBC9EA3A94F30031BA8FA5216C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="024485065CFD85ACEA514DAB2D0C1114">Anthony B. Rylands</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="0FC6D83F7846A5FD4634AF2E7D7E8D5A" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="D60A90A8AFD28FFF54B23093A9E7BEE6">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="4C0AF17A6A9EDF587A753B15BC249B3D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="E5809DD24CBEE65AF924C5B0C4B91E0F">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="CB002D8B9F2C95FA45E7334D978DCF54">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="550D57047D13FEB8192B1FD252A3B349" type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo id="234DFAFBF69C0E18A31CE0BD8DF99888">
|
||
<mods:dateIssued id="4F8128CF89A137A49A5E9B4B080F37CE">2013</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther id="E9E6E2BC48CDEB892CF9576BDEB2C03D" type="pubDate">2013-03-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher id="231502F8C9FA185A359963E8E8133A16">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place id="458F23CA7CE478807977B5998C4FA14A">
|
||
<mods:placeTerm id="E796D5E15B82175B1D9CA87B93D8B853">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="8BEFC1A8FD974D37F455AEFEBB805B33">
|
||
<mods:title id="3EB2894EF9466C73BE0308FB8305899C">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="995062AF22C87D96FAA3910B975D7687">
|
||
<mods:extent id="FF63697BAD8CB33273AB0C3A6E31AACC" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="D4009B276957B1C238352D4F2435AF80">778</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="DD8A4789563362E35F74AA2A7454C41C">791</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="0C5982429243CEAA87FD56E4A9E1DBCF">book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5EA1CA3B34CD60E5B46937BBC43E7C63" type="CLB-Dataset">80831</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="AA6AADE502081384D843DFF79EA620A0" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6727957</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="AC9AAC080386328B2253414AD3186F19" type="GBIF-Dataset">a9b14435-eb35-414e-8820-b9eda51268f3</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="DA45F240F946D13DD3C544613B8AEDCD" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-89-7</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="17DFE38347C793633DA520A268DCDA04" type="Zenodo-Dep">6727957</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03D787BA0E35FFCCFF20FDA5F59ACAC4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6728313" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196222197" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6728313" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D787BA0E35FFCCFF20FDA5F59ACAC4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D787BA0E35FFCCFF20FDA5F59ACAC4" lastPageNumber="790" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36465270E35FFCCFF20FDA5FF65C94A" box="[166,220,522,564]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC136AC0E35FFCCFF20FDA5FF65C94A" blockId="12.[161,1369,522,644]" box="[166,220,522,564]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
|
||
<heading id="D08981C00E35FFCCFF20FDA5FF65C94A" box="[166,220,522,564]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
|
||
<figureCitation id="13452A290E35FFCCFF20FDA5FF65C94A" box="[166,220,522,564]" captionStart="Plate 54: Hylobatidae" captionStartId="9.[127,157,3404,3429]" captionTargetBox="[12,2743,13,3642]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="12. Western Black Crested Gibbon (Nomascus concolor), 13. Eastern Black Crested Gibbon (Nomascus nasutus), 14. Hainan Crested Gibbon (Nomascus haimmanus), 15. Northern Yellow-cheeked Crested Gibbon (Nomascus annamensis), 16. Northern White-cheeked Crested Gibbon (Nomascus leucogenys), 17. Southern White-cheeked Crested Gibbon (Nomascus siki), 18. Southern Yellow-cheeked Crested Gibbon (Nomascus gabriellae), 19. Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6728001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6728001/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">17.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36465270E35FFCCFF6DFDA5FBFAC94A" box="[235,1091,522,564]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC136AC0E35FFCCFF6DFDA5FBFAC94A" blockId="12.[161,1369,522,644]" box="[235,1091,522,564]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
|
||
<heading id="D08981C00E35FFCCFF6DFDA5FBFAC94A" box="[235,1091,522,564]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
|
||
<vernacularName id="057D46820E35FFCCFF6DFDA5FBFAC94A" box="[235,1091,522,564]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Southern White-cheeked Crested Gibbon</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36465270E35FFCCFBD6FDA5FAE1C94A" box="[1104,1368,522,564]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC136AC0E35FFCCFBD6FDA5FAE1C94A" blockId="12.[161,1369,522,644]" box="[1104,1368,522,564]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
|
||
<heading id="D08981C00E35FFCCFBD6FDA5FAE1C94A" box="[1104,1368,522,564]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFBD6FDA5FAE1C94A" ID-CoL="47NQR" baseAuthorityName="Delacour" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[1104,1368,522,564]" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Nomascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE0E35FFCCFBD6FDA5FAE1C94A" box="[1104,1368,522,564]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Nomascus siki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36465270E35FFCCFF25FDE9FCD0C9FD" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC136AC0E35FFCCFF25FDE9FB4AC925" blockId="12.[161,1369,522,644]" box="[163,1267,582,603]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
|
||
<heading id="D08981C00E35FFCCFF25FDE9FB4AC925" box="[163,1267,582,603]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE0E35FFCCFF25FDE9FF49C925" bold="true" box="[163,240,582,603]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="057D46820E35FFCCFF7FFDE9FEDCC925" box="[249,357,582,603]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Gibbon siki</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE0E35FFCCFEFDFDE9FE6FC925" bold="true" box="[379,470,582,603]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="057D46820E35FFCCFE66FDE9FCB5C925" box="[480,780,582,603]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Sudlicher WeiRwangengibbon</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE0E35FFCCFCA4FDE9FCC4C925" bold="true" box="[802,893,582,603]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="057D46820E35FFCCFC00FDE9FB4AC925" box="[902,1267,582,603]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Gibon de mejillas blancas meridional</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC136AC0E35FFCCFF24FDC1FCD0C9FD" blockId="12.[161,1369,522,644]" box="[162,873,622,643]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
|
||
<heading id="D08981C00E35FFCCFF24FDC1FCD0C9FD" box="[162,873,622,643]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE0E35FFCCFF24FDC1FE20C9FD" bold="true" box="[162,409,622,643]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="057D46820E35FFCCFE25FDC1FDADC9FD" box="[419,532,622,643]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Siki Gibbon</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName id="057D46820E35FFCCFDA7FDC1FCD0C9FD" box="[545,873,622,643]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Southern White-cheeked Gibbon</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36465270E35FFCCFC8DFD1CFCECC986" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC136AC0E35FFCCFC8DFD1CFCECC986" blockId="12.[779,1369,691,1114]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE0E35FFCCFC8DFD1CFC1EC9AE" bold="true" box="[779,935,691,720]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFC34FD1CFCE9C986" authority="Delacour, 1951" authorityName="Delacour" authorityYear="1951" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Hylobates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="concolor" subSpecies="siki">Hylobates concolor siki Delacour, 1951</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36465270E35FFCCFCD9FD70FBC2C986" box="[863,1147,735,760]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC136AC0E35FFCCFCD9FD70FBC2C986" blockId="12.[779,1369,691,1114]" box="[863,1147,735,760]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B163CF10E35FFCCFCD9FD70FBC2C986" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3818819313" box="[863,1147,735,760]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Vietnam, Thua Luu.</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36465270E35FFCCFC8BFD52FBF1CFD4" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC136AC0E35FFCCFC8BFD52FBF1CFD4" blockId="12.[779,1369,691,1114]" lastBlockId="12.[163,1374,1121,3477]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
|
||
Occasionally treated as a subspecies of N.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFCC7FC8AFC78C838" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1840" box="[833,961,805,838]" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Hylobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogenys">leucogenys</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but most authorities now recognize it as a distinct species based on genetic and morphological data. While the type locality is in the range of the newly described N.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFBADFC6CFB7BC89A" box="[1067,1218,963,996]" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Nomascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annamensis">annamensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the putative locality is disputed and the holotype morphologically represents N.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFB5DFBBDFABFCF4D" authorityName="Delacour" authorityYear="1951" box="[1243,1286,1042,1075]" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Gibbon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siki">siki</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The recent description of N.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFBFBFB92FAACCF24" box="[1149,1301,1085,1114]" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Nomascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annamensis">annamensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the southerly extension of the distribution of N.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFCD0FBCEFC6FCFFC" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1840" box="[854,982,1121,1154]" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Hylobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogenys">leucogenys</taxonomicName>
|
||
have considerably reduced what was believed to be the distribution ofthis species. Monotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36465270E35FFCCFF25FB1FFB56CE36" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption id="DF0166240E35FFCCFF25FB1FFB56CE36" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6727993" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6727993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6727993/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" targetBox="[166,748,702,1108]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC136AC0E35FFCCFF25FB1FFB56CE36" blockId="12.[163,1374,1121,3477]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE0E35FFCCFF25FB1FFEEACFAF" bold="true" box="[163,339,1200,1233]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
C Laos and C Vietnam,restricted by the Rao Nay River in Vietnam and the Khading River in Laos in the N, the Mekong River in the W, the Vietnamese coastal agricultural areas in the E, and around the Thach Han River (16° 40’-16° 50" N) in Quang Tri Province, Vietnam, and the Savannakhet Province in Laos, to the S.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36465270E35FFCCFF22FAE1FCF7CC5E" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC136AC0E35FFCCFF22FAE1FCF7CC5E" blockId="12.[163,1374,1121,3477]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE0E35FFCCFF22FAE1FE22CE11" bold="true" box="[164,411,1358,1391]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
No specific body measurements are available; weight of males 6-6 kg (SD 0-5 kg, n = 4) and of females 7-9 kg (SD 1-7 kg, n = 3). Adult males and juveniles of both sexes of the Southern White-cheeked Crested
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFC38FA33FB9ECEC3" box="[958,1063,1436,1469]" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Gibbon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gibbon</taxonomicName>
|
||
are black with white cheek whiskers, which are similar to those of the Northern White-cheeked Crested
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFF23FA44FEB7CD72" box="[165,270,1515,1548]" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Gibbon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gibbon</taxonomicName>
|
||
(N.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFED6FA44FE69CD72" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1840" box="[336,464,1515,1548]" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Hylobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogenys">leucogenys</taxonomicName>
|
||
) but they reach only halfway up to the ears. Cheek whiskers have a pointed upper end and bracket the mouth, extending along the margin of the upper lips and onto sides of the chin and are not brushed outward as in the Northern Yellowcheeked Crested
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFE26F9CAFDB1CDFC" box="[416,520,1637,1666]" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Gibbon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gibbon</taxonomicName>
|
||
(N.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFDD7F9CAFD51CDFC" box="[593,744,1637,1666]" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Nomascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annamensis">annamensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the Southern Yellow-cheeked Crested
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFF20F922FEB6CDD4" box="[166,271,1677,1706]" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Gibbon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gibbon</taxonomicName>
|
||
(N.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFED3F922FE6ACDD4" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1909" box="[341,467,1677,1706]" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Hylobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabriellae">gabriellae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The crest is well developed, but less so than in the Northern White-cheeked Crested
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFE71F91FFDDBCDAF" box="[503,610,1712,1745]" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Gibbon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gibbon</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Females are pale yellow to orange-yellow, with a dark crown streak and white circumfacial hair, and are largely indistinguishable from female Northern White-cheeked Crested Gibbons.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36465270E35FFCCFF20F889FDFCCCE9" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC136AC0E35FFCCFF20F889FDFCCCE9" blockId="12.[163,1374,1121,3477]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE0E35FFCCFF20F889FEADCC39" bold="true" box="[166,276,1830,1863]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Tall primary tropical broadleaf evergreen forest and steep karst forest. The Southern White-cheeked Crested
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFD0EF8FDFD49CC11" box="[648,752,1874,1903]" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Gibbon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gibbon</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs at 30-1800 m above sea level, but it may occur at higher altitudes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36465270E35FFCCFF20F833FCACC373" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC136AC0E35FFCCFF20F833FCACC373" blockId="12.[163,1374,1121,3477]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE0E35FFCCFF20F833FE14CCC3" bold="true" box="[166,429,1948,1981]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no specific information available for this species, but it is presumably similar to other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFD4AF86BFCF5CC9B" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1933" box="[716,844,1988,2021]" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Nomascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nomascus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(i.e. largely frugivorous with the diet supplemented mostly by leaves and flowers).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36465270E35FFCCFF20F7BCFC52C34A" box="[166,1003,2067,2100]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC136AC0E35FFCCFF20F7BCFC52C34A" blockId="12.[163,1374,1121,3477]" box="[166,1003,2067,2100]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE0E35FFCCFF20F7BCFE95C34A" bold="true" box="[166,300,2067,2100]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no information available for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36465270E35FFCCFF23F795FBD8C3FD" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC136AC0E35FFCCFF23F795FBD8C3FD" blockId="12.[163,1374,1121,3477]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE0E35FFCCFF23F795FE2BC325" bold="true" box="[165,402,2106,2139]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Southern White-cheeked Crested
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFC4CF795FB8AC325" box="[970,1075,2106,2139]" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Gibbon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gibbon</taxonomicName>
|
||
is diurnal and arboreal. Activity begins just prior to dawn, often with loud vocalizations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36465270E35FFCCFF20F726FE1CC20E" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC136AC0E35FFCCFF20F726FE1CC20E" blockId="12.[163,1374,1121,3477]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE0E35FFCCFF20F726FCE5C3D4" bold="true" box="[166,860,2185,2218]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Very little is known about the Southern White-cheeked Crested
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFDBAF716FD1DC3AC" box="[572,676,2233,2258]" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Gibbon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gibbon</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the wild; no behavioral or ecological studies have been carried out. It is likely to be similar to the closely related Northern Whitecheeked Crested
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFE18F750FDBFC25E" box="[414,518,2303,2336]" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Gibbon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gibbon</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the two species of yellow-cheeked gibbons in being territorial and monogamous and living in family groups of one male, one female, and up to three offspring.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36465270E35FFCCFF2EF6DAFBB7C6EB" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC136AC0E35FFCCFF2EF6DAFBB7C6EB" blockId="12.[163,1374,1121,3477]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE0E35FFCCFF2EF6DAFDB0C2E8" bold="true" box="[168,521,2421,2454]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Listed on CITES Appendix I. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Southern White-cheeked Crested
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFC40F633FB97C2C3" box="[966,1070,2460,2493]" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Gibbon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gibbon</taxonomicName>
|
||
may require reassessment based on a large reduction of its distribution caused by the description of the Northern Yellow-cheeked Crested
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFD0CF644FD4FC172" box="[650,758,2539,2572]" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Gibbon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gibbon</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which occupies much of what was formerly believed to be the southern part of its range. It occurs in much of what was formerly believed to be the southern distribution of the Southern White-cheeked Crested
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFAA4F595FF58C1FC" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Gibbon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gibbon</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The Southern White-cheeked Crested
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFC89F5CEFCCEC1FC" box="[783,887,2657,2690]" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Gibbon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gibbon</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known to occurin six protected areas: Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park and Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve in Vietnam and Nam Kading, Phou Hin Boun, Hin Nam No and probably Nakai-Nam Theun national protected areas in Laos. Its status is not well documented at any site where it occurs. Key sites in Laos are likely to be the biodiversity conservation areas of Nam Kading, south of the Kading River, and Nakai-Nam Theun. Other areas such as Phou Hin Boun and Him Nam No biodiversity conservation areas likely have significant populations, being naturally well protected. The long-term financing of Nakai-Nam Theun from hydropower interests and poor access to Phou Hin Boun suggest these sites will be key for the long-term conservation of the Southern White-cheeked Crested
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFF2DF444FEAEC772" box="[171,279,3051,3084]" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Gibbon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gibbon</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The two protected areas where it occurs in Vietnam (Phong Nha-Ke Bang and Bac Huong Hoa), along with their adjacent forests, adjoin protected areas in Laos. The principal threat to the Southern White-cheeked Crested
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFC7BF396FBDCC724" box="[1021,1125,3129,3162]" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Gibbon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gibbon</taxonomicName>
|
||
is hunting. Hunting is largely opportunistic, with individuals being used locally for meat and traded for use in medicinal products and as pets (infants). This is exacerbated by habitat degradation and loss and, in some instances, infrastructure development, although disentangling these issues from hunting is problematic. Habitat fragmentation is more a serious threat in Vietnam than in Laos; human population pressure is greater in Vietnam, with correspondingly more widespread agriculture and logging. Reducing hunting and habitat loss are key for the Southern White-cheeked Crested
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E4D2F0E35FFCCFB6DF2E2FAEFC610" box="[1259,1366,3405,3438]" class="Mammalia" family="Hylobatidae" genus="Gibbon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gibbon</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially controlling these threats in priority protected areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36465270E35FFCCFA1BFE81F59ACAC4" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC136AC0E35FFCCFA1BFE81F59ACAC4" blockId="12.[1436,2641,302,447]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AEABE0E35FFCCFA1BFE81F98DCA3D" bold="true" box="[1437,1588,302,323]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Chivers (2001), Dao Van Tien (1983), Deputte & Leclerc-Cassan (1981), Duckworth (2008), Geissmann (1991a), Geissmann et al. (2000), Groves (2001), Konrad & Geissmann (2006), Lao PDR, MAF (2011), Mootnick & Fan Pengfei (2011), Rawson et al. (2011), Streicher (2012), Van Ngoc Thinh, Mootnick, Geissmann et al. (2010), Van Ngoc Thinh, Mootnick, Vu Ngoc Thanh etal. (2010), Van Ngoc Thinh, Rawson etal. (2010).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |