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<document id="89447FA67620EA5FA8F14C9774A4B27F" ID-CLB-Dataset="7484" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2021.744.1295" ID-GBIF-Dataset="accc158b-4f19-427e-8b8b-6f0cd70e7b6e" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4663771" ID-ZooBank="E5B1C00A-1863-4076-8415-FE55CED1F9BA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1617696120291" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Freitas, Énio &amp; Aguín-Pombo, Dora" docDate="2021" docId="03D77A7DFFC7F718FDD7D89DB203FD6A" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-744_1-37.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 744" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.744.1295" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Hyalesthes madeires Remane &amp; Hoch 1986" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FFEE0205FFD1F702FFC4DD3FB117FFCB" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of the Cixiidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) from the Madeira archipelago" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1698935881493" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="F007111E520B456164344202A9FC0A0E">Taxonomy of the Cixiidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) from the Madeira archipelago</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C072D6655C46A52AF0F165171F2F09E2">Freitas, Énio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="84F61FB5576516AF1226DCA00DF3305A">University of Madeira, 9000 - 390 Funchal, Madeira, Portugal.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="401358F7238B92EEB07A9FE1AC97861C">Aguín-Pombo, Dora</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BF9DD8B1285139715FD7465AD9447CA2">University of Madeira, 9000 - 390 Funchal, Madeira, Portugal. &amp; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), Vairão, Portugal.</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="8BC1CB6BFFC7F714FDD7D89DB536FA77" blockId="22.[531,1057,1442,1504]" box="[531,1057,1442,1469]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading id="D0897C07FFC7F714FDD7D89DB536FA77" box="[531,1057,1442,1469]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC7F714FDD7D89DB536FA77" ID-CoL="9D3M2" authority="Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986" authorityName="Remane &amp; Hoch" authorityYear="1986" box="[531,1057,1442,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madeires">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC7F714FDD7D89DB21CFA76" bold="true" box="[531,779,1442,1469]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hyalesthes madeires</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFB69AFFC7F714FCD6D89CB536FA77" author="Remane R. &amp; Hoch H." box="[786,1057,1442,1469]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="123 - 151" refId="ref19883" refString="Remane R. &amp; Hoch H. 1986. Sechs neue Arten der Gattung Hyalesthes Signoret, 1865 (Homoptera Fulgoroidea Cixiidae) von den Mittelatlantischen Inseln und aus dem Irak. Marburger Entomologische Publikationen 2 (3): 123 - 151." type="journal article" year="1986">Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C36498E0FFC7F714FD65D8FAB285FA14" box="[673,914,1477,1504]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC1CB6BFFC7F714FD65D8FAB285FA14" blockId="22.[531,1057,1442,1504]" box="[673,914,1477,1504]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<figureCitation id="1345D7EEFFC7F714FD65D8FAB3EDFA14" box="[673,762,1477,1503]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1777,1803]" captionTargetBox="[224,1373,382,1630]" captionTargetId="figure-11@7.[189,1398,339,1665]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus. A–B. Cixius madeirensis China, 1938. A. ♂ from Vereda Paul, 23 Jul. 2002, on Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. B. ♀ from Corredor Verde, 16 Apr. 2002, on P. aquilinum. C. Cixius verticalis Noualhier, 1897, ♂ from Chão da Ribeira, 4 Sep. 1998. D. Cixius wollastoni sp. nov., ♂ from Ribeiro Frio, 24 May 2002, on Digitalis purpurea L. (the arrows indicate the brown stripes). E. Tachycixius chaoensis China, 1938, ♂ from Ponta de São Lourenço, 11 May 2001, on Suaeda vera Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel. F. Hyalesthes madeires Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986, ♂ from Serra de Água, 9 Jul. 2001, on Globularia salicina Lam." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4663779" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4663779/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 3F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1345D7EEFFC7F714FCC2D8FAB23BFA2B" box="[774,812,1477,1504]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1776,1802]" captionTargetBox="[256,1304,288,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-18@12.[233,1353,266,1738]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Male forewings. A. Cixius madeirensis China, 1938 from Vereda Paul, 23 Jul. 2002, on Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. B. Cixius verticalis Noualhier, 1897 from Chão da Ribeira, 30 Apr. 2002, on Diplazium caudatum (Cav.) Jermy. C. Cixius wollastoni sp. nov. from Ribeiro Frio, 24 Apr. 2002, on Digitalis purpurea L. D. Hyalesthes madeires Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986 from Serra de Água, 9 Jul. 2001, on Globularia salicina Lam. E. Hyalesthes portonoves Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986 from Porto Novo, 16 Apr. 2003, on G. salicina. F. Tachycixius chaoensis (China, 1938) from Ponta de São Lourenço, 11 May 2001, on Suaeda vera Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4663783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4663783/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">5D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1345D7EEFFC7F714FCFCD8FAB285FA14" box="[824,914,1477,1503]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[189,232,1778,1804]" captionTargetBox="[251,1331,268,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-18@24.[247,1339,266,1742]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 11. Hyalesthes madeires Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986. A–C, E. Specimens from Serra de Água, 9 Jul. 2001, on Globularia salicina Lam. D. Specimen from Levada Nova Ponta do Sol, 13 Jul. 2001, on G. salicina. F,I. Specimens from Curral das Freiras, 20 Aug. 2001, onG. salicina. G–H, J–M. Specimens from Curral das Freiras, 28 May 2001, on G. salicina. A. Head (frontal view). B. Head, pronotum and scutellum (dorsal view). C. Pygofer (left lateral view). D. Left paramere. E. Right forewing. F–G. Anal tube (left lateral and dorsal view). H. Pygofer (ventral view). I–M. Aedeagus (I–K, left lateral view; L–M, dorsal and ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4663801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4663801/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">11A–M</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C36498E0FFC7F714FF79DB38B523F906" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC1CB6BFFC7F714FF79DB38B3BBF98F" blockId="22.[189,1398,1543,1604]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6EEC45FFC7F714FF79DB38B3BBF98F" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitation id="0ADFED7AFFC7F714FF79DB38B248F9EA" author="Remane R. &amp; Hoch H." box="[189,863,1543,1569]" page="133" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1986">
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC7F714FF79DB38B248F9EA" ID-CoL="9D3M2" authority="Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986: 131 - 133" authorityName="Remane &amp; Hoch" authorityPageNumber="131 - 133" authorityYear="1986" box="[189,863,1543,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madeires">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC7F714FF79DB38B0A3F9EA" box="[189,436,1543,1569]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hyalesthes madeires</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFB69AFFC7F714FE06DB38B248F9EA" author="Remane R. &amp; Hoch H." box="[450,863,1543,1569]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="123 - 151" refId="ref19883" refString="Remane R. &amp; Hoch H. 1986. Sechs neue Arten der Gattung Hyalesthes Signoret, 1865 (Homoptera Fulgoroidea Cixiidae) von den Mittelatlantischen Inseln und aus dem Irak. Marburger Entomologische Publikationen 2 (3): 123 - 151." type="journal article" year="1986">Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986: 131–133</bibRefCitation>
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, 148–149, figs 13–16 (records, description, illustration of male genital structures).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1CB6BFFC7F714FF79DB54B51CF94D" blockId="22.[189,1076,1643,1741]" box="[189,1035,1643,1670]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6EEC45FFC7F714FF79DB54B51CF94D" box="[189,1035,1643,1670]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC7F714FF79DB54B0D3F94E" ID-CoL="3MVSG" authorityName="Horvath" authorityYear="1909" box="[189,452,1643,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustulus">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC7F714FF79DB54B0D3F94E" box="[189,452,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hyalesthes angustulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADFED7AFFC7F714FE20DB54B3A9F94D" author="Lindberg H." box="[484,702,1643,1670]" page="31" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1941">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFB69AFFC7F714FE20DB54B3A9F94D" author="Lindberg H." box="[484,702,1643,1670]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref19283" refString="Lindberg H. 1941. Die Hemipteren der Azorischen Inseln. Nebst Anhang: Zur Kenntis der Hemipterenfauna von Madeira. Commentationes Biologicae 8 (8): 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1941">Lindberg 1941: 31</bibRefCitation>
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(records, misidentification).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1CB6BFFC7F714FF79DBB0B50AF961" blockId="22.[189,1076,1643,1741]" box="[189,1053,1678,1706]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6EEC45FFC7F714FF79DBB0B50AF961" box="[189,1053,1678,1706]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC7F714FF79DBB0B0D3F962" ID-CoL="3MVSR" authorityName="Horvath" authorityYear="1909" box="[189,452,1679,1705]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipennis">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC7F714FF79DBB0B0D3F962" box="[189,452,1679,1705]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hyalesthes flavipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADFED7AFFC7F714FE20DBB0B3FAF962" author="Lindberg H." box="[484,749,1678,1705]" page="54" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFB69AFFC7F714FE20DBB0B3FAF962" author="Lindberg H." box="[484,749,1678,1705]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref19421" refString="Lindberg H. 1961. Hemiptera Insularum Madeirensium. Commentationes Biologicae 24 (1): 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="1961">Lindberg 1961: 54–55</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 4 (misidentification).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1CB6BFFC7F714FF79DB8DB523F906" blockId="22.[189,1076,1643,1741]" box="[189,1076,1714,1741]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6EEC45FFC7F714FF79DB8DB523F906" box="[189,1076,1714,1741]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC7F714FF79DB8DB0B8F907" ID-CoL="9D3M2" authorityName="Remane &amp; Hoch" authorityYear="1986" box="[189,431,1714,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madeires">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC7F714FF79DB8DB0B8F907" box="[189,431,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hyalesthes madeires</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
<treatmentCitation id="0ADFED7AFFC7F714FE09DB8DB25AF907" author="Hoch H. &amp; Remane R." box="[461,845,1714,1741]" page="141" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFB69AFFC7F714FE09DB8DB25AF907" author="Hoch H. &amp; Remane R." box="[461,845,1714,1741]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 427" refId="ref18966" refString="Hoch H. &amp; Remane R. 1985. Evolution und Speziation der Zikaden-Gattung Hyalesthes Sign., 1865 (Homoptera Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoroidea Cixiidae). Marburger Entomologische Publikationen 2 (2): 1 - 427." type="journal article" year="1985">Hoch &amp; Remane 1985: 141–142</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 425, figs 65d–76d.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36498E0FFC7F715FF79DBCCB414FE7B" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC1CB6BFFC7F714FF79DBCCB021F8C6" blockId="22.[189,310,1779,1805]" box="[189,310,1779,1805]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading id="D0897C07FFC7F714FF79DBCCB021F8C6" bold="true" box="[189,310,1779,1805]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC7F714FF79DBCCB021F8C6" bold="true" box="[189,310,1779,1805]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1CB6BFFC7F715FF79DA1DB414FE7B" blockId="22.[188,1399,1826,1993]" lastBlockId="23.[189,1399,265,432]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
The aedeagus of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC7F714FE68DA1CB359F8F7" authorityName="Horvath" authorityYear="1909" box="[428,590,1826,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustulus">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC7F714FE68DA1CB359F8F7" box="[428,590,1826,1852]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">H. angustulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group to which 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC7F714FCA3DA1CB2E3F8F7" authorityName="Remane &amp; Hoch" authorityYear="1986" box="[871,1012,1826,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madeires">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC7F714FCA3DA1CB2E3F8F7" box="[871,1012,1826,1852]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">H. madeires</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFB69AFFC7F714FBA2DA1DB479F8F6" author="Hoch H. &amp; Remane R." box="[1126,1390,1826,1853]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 427" refId="ref18966" refString="Hoch H. &amp; Remane R. 1985. Evolution und Speziation der Zikaden-Gattung Hyalesthes Sign., 1865 (Homoptera Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoroidea Cixiidae). Marburger Entomologische Publikationen 2 (2): 1 - 427." type="journal article" year="1985">Hoch &amp; Remane 1985</bibRefCitation>
) have a somewhat simpler configuration than other species of the genus. The base of the aedeagus is long, rectangular, obliquely crossed by two long spines caudally directed on the left side. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC7F714FB2CDA56B460F849" authorityName="Remane &amp; Hoch" authorityYear="1986" box="[1256,1399,1896,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madeires">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC7F714FB2CDA56B460F849" box="[1256,1399,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">H. madeires</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from other species in this group in the following characters: (1) the two long oblique dorsocaudal thorns converge and sometimes cross distally; (2) on the left lateral side, the upper spine is longer than the ventral spine and extends distally over the ventral margin of the aedeagus, while the ventral thorn is more slender than the dorsal. Externally, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC6F715FD7BDC12B25AFE8D" authorityName="Remane &amp; Hoch" authorityYear="1986" box="[703,845,300,326]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madeires">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC6F715FD7BDC12B25AFE8D" box="[703,845,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">H. madeires</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC6F715FBE2DC12B5DBFE8D" authorityName="Remane &amp; Hoch" authorityYear="1986" box="[1062,1228,301,326]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="portonoves">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC6F715FBE2DC12B5DBFE8D" box="[1062,1228,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">H. portonoves</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but the vertex in males is shorter and the lateral margins are usually divergent, not parallel. The male genitalia of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC6F715FF79DC4CB05AFE47" authorityName="Remane &amp; Hoch" authorityYear="1986" box="[189,333,370,396]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madeires">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC6F715FF79DC4CB05AFE47" box="[189,333,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">H. madeires</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ also from those in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC6F715FD43DC4CB238FE47" authorityName="Remane &amp; Hoch" authorityYear="1986" box="[647,815,371,396]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="portonoves">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC6F715FD43DC4CB238FE47" box="[647,815,371,396]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">H. portonoves</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the thickness and curvature of the thorns; the dorsal thorn is wider than the ventral thorn and both converge, the opposite of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC6F715FB92DCA8B5EBFE7B" authorityName="Remane &amp; Hoch" authorityYear="1986" box="[1110,1276,407,432]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="portonoves">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC6F715FB92DCA8B5EBFE7B" box="[1110,1276,407,432]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">H. portonoves</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36498E0FFC6F715FF79DCE8B0A0FC96" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC1CB6BFFC6F715FF79DCE8B0BDFE3A" blockId="23.[189,426,471,497]" box="[189,426,471,497]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<heading id="D0897C07FFC6F715FF79DCE8B0BDFE3A" bold="true" box="[189,426,471,497]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC6F715FF79DCE8B0BDFE3A" bold="true" box="[189,426,471,497]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1CB6BFFC6F715FF79DF39B0A0FC96" blockId="23.[189,1399,517,861]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<materialsCitation id="3B16C136FFC6F715FF79DF39B3F1FD88" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3068464316" collectedFrom="on Bituminaria bituminosa" collectingDate="2001-05-28" collectionCode="UMACI" collectorName="Fabio Reis" elevation="613" location="Camara de Lobos" municipality="Curral" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="MADEIRA ISLANDS">
<collectingRegion id="49BA0589FFC6F715FF79DF39B0D0FDEB" box="[189,455,518,544]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">MADEIRA ISLANDS</collectingRegion>
– 
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC6F715FE27DF3AB3D5FDEB" bold="true" box="[483,706,517,544]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<location id="8EA19DB0FFC6F715FE27DF3AB3D5FDEB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D77A7DFFC7F718FDD7D89DB203FD6A:8EA19DB0FFC6F715FE27DF3AB3D5FDEB" box="[483,706,517,544]" municipality="Curral" name="Camara de Lobos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" stateProvince="MADEIRA ISLANDS">Câmara de Lobos</location>
</emphasis>
• 
<specimenCount id="9D7800E2FFC6F715FD1DDF39B21FFDEB" box="[729,776,518,544]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; 
<location id="8EA19DB0FFC6F715FCD7DF39B2FFFDEB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D77A7DFFC7F718FDD7D89DB203FD6A:8EA19DB0FFC6F715FCD7DF39B2FFFDEB" box="[787,1000,518,544]" municipality="Curral" name="Curral das Freiras" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" stateProvince="MADEIRA ISLANDS">Curral das Freiras</location>
; 
<elevation id="00532C58FFC6F715FC37DF39B56BFDEB" box="[1011,1148,518,544]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.13" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="613.0">
<quantity id="4C86668EFFC6F715FC37DF39B52AFDEB" box="[1011,1085,518,544]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.13" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="613.0">613 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
; 
<date id="FFC0EDABFFC6F715FB4DDF39B43FFDEB" box="[1161,1320,518,544]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2001-05-28">
<collectingDate id="EF841443FFC6F715FB4DDF39B43FFDEB" box="[1161,1320,518,544]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2001-05-28">28 May 2001</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectorName id="268BAEBDFFC6F715FAF0DF39B1E6FD88" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fábio Reis</collectorName>
leg.; 
<collectedFrom id="38628896FFC6F715FEF1DF16B364FD88" box="[309,627,553,579]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC6F715FE98DF15B364FD88" box="[348,627,553,579]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Bituminaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bituminosa">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC6F715FE98DF15B364FD88" box="[348,627,553,579]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Bituminaria bituminosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED6F53AEFFC6F715FD40DF16B3F1FD88" box="[644,742,553,579]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">UMACI</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B16C136FFC6F715FCC5DF16B206FDAD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3068464329" collectedFrom="on Globularia salicina" collectingDate="2001-05-28" collectionCode="UMACI" collectorName="Enio Freitas" elevation="613" location="Freiras" municipality="Curral" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="34" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="30" stateProvince="Madeira">
<specimenCount id="9D7800E2FFC6F715FCC5DF16B243FD88" box="[769,852,553,579]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="male">30 ♂♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D7800E2FFC6F715FCA6DF16B2B1FD88" box="[866,934,553,579]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for preceding; 
<collectorName id="268BAEBDFFC6F715FF79DF72B05AFDAD" box="[189,333,588,617]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Énio Freitas</collectorName>
leg.; 
<collectedFrom id="38628896FFC6F715FE55DF72B388FDAD" box="[401,671,588,615]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC6F715FE7CDF73B388FDAD" box="[440,671,588,614]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Globularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicina">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC6F715FE7CDF73B388FDAD" box="[440,671,588,614]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Globularia salicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED6F53AEFFC6F715FD6BDF73B206FDAD" box="[687,785,588,614]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">UMACI</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B16C136FFC6F715FCE8DF73B3BFFD42" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3068464339" collectedFrom="on Hyparrhenia hirta" collectingDate="2001-05-28" collectionCode="UMACI" collectorName="Fabio Reis" elevation="613" location="Freiras" municipality="Curral" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Madeira">
<specimenCount id="9D7800E2FFC6F715FCE8DF73B24BFDAC" box="[812,860,588,615]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for preceding; 
<collectorName id="268BAEBDFFC6F715FAF0DF73B1E6FD42" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fábio Reis</collectorName>
leg.; 
<collectedFrom id="38628896FFC6F715FEF2DF4FB322FD42" box="[310,565,623,650]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC6F715FE99DF50B322FD42" box="[349,565,623,649]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Hyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirta">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC6F715FE99DF50B322FD42" box="[349,565,623,649]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hyparrhenia hirta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED6F53AEFFC6F715FD82DF50B3BFFD42" box="[582,680,623,649]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">UMACI</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B16C136FFC6F715FD07DF50B3A5FD66" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3068464325" collectedFrom="on G. salicina" collectingDate="2001-08-20" collectionCode="UMACI" collectorName="Enio Freitas" elevation="613" location="Freiras" municipality="Curral" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Madeira">
<specimenCount id="9D7800E2FFC6F715FD07DF50B3E4FD41" box="[707,755,623,650]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for preceding; 
<date id="FFC0EDABFFC6F715FB09DF50B465FD42" box="[1229,1394,623,650]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2001-08-20">
<collectingDate id="EF841443FFC6F715FB09DF50B465FD42" box="[1229,1394,623,650]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2001-08-20">20 Aug. 2001</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectorName id="268BAEBDFFC6F715FF79DFACB059FD67" box="[189,334,658,687]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Énio Freitas</collectorName>
leg.; 
<collectedFrom id="38628896FFC6F715FE50DFACB329FD67" box="[404,574,658,685]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC6F715FE79DFACB329FD67" box="[445,574,658,685]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Globularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicina">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC6F715FE79DFACB329FD67" box="[445,574,658,685]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G. salicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED6F53AEFFC6F715FD94DFACB3A5FD66" box="[592,690,659,685]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">UMACI</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B16C136FFC6F715FD0BDFACB06BFD1B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3068464336" collectedFrom="on G. salicina" collectingDate="2001-08-20" collectionCode="UMACI" collectorName="Fabio Reis" elevation="613" location="Ponta do Sol" municipality="Curral" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Madeira">
<specimenCount id="9D7800E2FFC6F715FD0BDFACB201FD66" box="[719,790,659,685]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for preceding; 
<collectorName id="268BAEBDFFC6F715FB32DFADB461FD67" box="[1270,1398,658,684]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fábio Reis</collectorName>
leg.; 
<collectionCode id="ED6F53AEFFC6F715FF3EDF89B077FD1B" box="[250,352,694,720]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">UMACI</collectionCode>
. –
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B16C136FFC6F715FE41DF89B306FD38" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3068464354" collectedFrom="on G. salicina" collectingDate="2001-08-20" collectionCode="UMACI" collectorName="Fabio Reis" elevation="613" location="Ponta do Sol" municipality="Curral" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Madeira">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC6F715FE41DF89B330FD04" bold="true" box="[389,551,693,720]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ponta do Sol</emphasis>
• 
<specimenCount id="9D7800E2FFC6F715FD83DF89B39AFD1B" box="[583,653,694,720]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D7800E2FFC6F715FD58DF89B3C8FD1B" box="[668,735,694,720]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
; 
<location id="8EA19DB0FFC6F715FD34DF89B284FD1B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D77A7DFFC7F718FDD7D89DB203FD6A:8EA19DB0FFC6F715FD34DF89B284FD1B" box="[752,915,694,720]" name="Levada Nova" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" stateProvince="Madeira">Levada Nova</location>
; 
<elevation id="00532C58FFC6F715FC65DF89B527FD1B" box="[929,1072,694,721]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="250.0">
<quantity id="4C86668EFFC6F715FC65DF89B2F9FD1B" box="[929,1006,694,721]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
; 
<date id="FFC0EDABFFC6F715FBFBDF89B5C0FD1B" box="[1087,1239,694,720]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2001-07-13">
<collectingDate id="EF841443FFC6F715FBFBDF89B5C0FD1B" box="[1087,1239,694,720]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2001-07-13">13 Jul. 2001</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectorName id="268BAEBDFFC6F715FB22DF89B460FD1B" box="[1254,1399,694,722]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Énio Freitas</collectorName>
leg.; 
<collectedFrom id="38628896FFC6F715FF3CDFE6B088FD38" box="[248,415,729,755]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC6F715FEDADFE6B088FD38" box="[286,415,729,755]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Globularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicina">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC6F715FEDADFE6B088FD38" box="[286,415,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G. salicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED6F53AEFFC6F715FE6BDFE6B306FD38" box="[431,529,729,755]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">UMACI</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B16C136FFC6F715FDEFDFE6B0A7FCDD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3068464352" collectedFrom="on G. salicina" collectingDate="2001-07-13" collectionCode="UMACI" collectorName="Fabio Reis" elevation="250" location="Levada Nova" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="7" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Madeira">
<specimenCount id="9D7800E2FFC6F715FDEFDFE6B367FD38" box="[555,624,729,755]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D7800E2FFC6F715FDB9DFE6B3D6FD38" box="[637,705,729,755]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="female">7 ♀♀</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for preceding; 
<collectorName id="268BAEBDFFC6F715FB53DFE6B401FD38" box="[1175,1302,729,755]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fábio Reis</collectorName>
leg.; 
<collectedFrom id="38628896FFC6F715FA9DDFE6B029FCDD" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC6F715FF79DFC2B029FCDD" box="[189,318,764,791]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Globularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicina">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC6F715FF79DFC2B029FCDD" box="[189,318,764,791]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G. salicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED6F53AEFFC6F715FE8ADFC3B0A7FCDD" box="[334,432,764,790]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">UMACI</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B16C136FFC6F715FE0EDFC3B0ADFCF1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3068464332" collectedFrom="on Deschampsia argentea" collectingDate="2001-07-13" collectionCode="UMACI" collectorName="Enio Freitas" elevation="250" location="Ribeira Brava" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Ribeira Brava">
<specimenCount id="9D7800E2FFC6F715FE0EDFC3B318FCDC" box="[458,527,764,791]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for preceding; 
<collectorName id="268BAEBDFFC6F715FC26DFC2B566FCDD" box="[994,1137,764,793]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Énio Freitas</collectorName>
leg.; 
<collectedFrom id="38628896FFC6F715FB77DFC2B033FCF2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC6F715FB1CDFC3B033FCF2" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Deschampsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="argentea">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC6F715FB1CDFC3B033FCF2" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Deschampsia argentea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED6F53AEFFC6F715FEF3DE20B08AFCF2" box="[311,413,799,825]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">UMACI</collectionCode>
. –
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B16C136FFC6F715FE01DE20B0A4FC96" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3068464348" collectedFrom="on Deschampsia argentea" collectingDate="2001-07-13" collectionCode="UMACI" collectorName="Enio Freitas" elevation="250" location="Ribeira Brava" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="10" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Ribeira Brava">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC6F715FE01DE20B36CFCF2" bold="true" box="[453,635,799,825]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<collectingRegion id="49BA0589FFC6F715FE01DE20B36CFCF2" box="[453,635,799,825]" country="Cape Verde" name="Ribeira Brava" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ribeira Brava</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
• 
<specimenCount id="9D7800E2FFC6F715FD5FDE20B3F5FCF1" box="[667,738,799,826]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="male">8 ♂♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D7800E2FFC6F715FD36DE20B25FFCF1" box="[754,840,799,826]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="female">10 ♀♀</specimenCount>
; 
<location id="8EA19DB0FFC6F715FC9EDE20B51BFCF7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D77A7DFFC7F718FDD7D89DB203FD6A:8EA19DB0FFC6F715FC9EDE20B51BFCF7" box="[858,1036,799,828]" name="Serra de Agua" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" stateProvince="Ribeira Brava">Serra de Água</location>
; 
<elevation id="00532C58FFC6F715FBDFDE20B5BAFCF2" box="[1051,1197,799,826]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="700.0">
<quantity id="4C86668EFFC6F715FBDFDE20B57EFCF1" box="[1051,1129,799,826]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
; 
<date id="FFC0EDABFFC6F715FB79DE20B45EFCF2" box="[1213,1353,799,825]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2001-07-09">
<collectingDate id="EF841443FFC6F715FB79DE20B45EFCF2" box="[1213,1353,799,825]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2001-07-09">9 Jul. 2001</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectedFrom id="38628896FFC6F715FA9DDE1FB029FC97" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC6F715FF79DE7CB029FC97" box="[189,318,834,861]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Globularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamiales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicina">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC6F715FF79DE7CB029FC97" box="[189,318,834,861]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G. salicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED6F53AEFFC6F715FE89DE7CB0A4FC96" box="[333,435,835,861]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">UMACI</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36498E0FFC6F71BFF79DEBBB234FC37" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC1CB6BFFC6F715FF79DEBBB07CFC55" blockId="23.[189,363,900,926]" box="[189,363,900,926]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<heading id="D0897C07FFC6F715FF79DEBBB07CFC55" bold="true" box="[189,363,900,926]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC6F715FF79DEBBB07CFC55" bold="true" box="[189,363,900,926]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Redescription</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1CB6BFFC6F715FF79DE8CB0E7FC3B" blockId="23.[189,1398,946,1008]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
BODY MEASUREMENTS (mm). VW: males: 0.23–0.30, 0.27 ± 0.02 (n = 21); females 0.28–0.35, 0.31 ± 0.02 (n = 13). See also 
<tableCitation id="C6FCFED0FFC6F715FE56DEE9B0E7FC3B" box="[402,496,982,1008]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[182,251,537,565]" captionTargetBox="[190,1917,677,1747]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Measurements of males and females of Cixius Latreille, 1804, Hyalesthes Signoret, 1865 and Tachycixius Wagner, 1939. Abbreviations: BL = body length; ML = mesonotum length; MW = mesonotum width; PW = pronotum width; WL = wing length. All measurements in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF019BE3FFD5F706FF72DF26B7F3FD93" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" tableUuid="DF019BE3FFD5F706FF72DF26B7F3FD93">Table 1.</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1CB6BFFC6F715FF79D928B034FA1C" blockId="23.[189,1401,1047,1495]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
COLOURATION. Vertex glowing black; areolar carina pale yellow (
<figureCitation id="1345D7EEFFC6F715FC69D928B511FBFA" box="[941,1030,1047,1073]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1777,1803]" captionTargetBox="[224,1373,382,1630]" captionTargetId="figure-11@7.[189,1398,339,1665]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus. A–B. Cixius madeirensis China, 1938. A. ♂ from Vereda Paul, 23 Jul. 2002, on Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. B. ♀ from Corredor Verde, 16 Apr. 2002, on P. aquilinum. C. Cixius verticalis Noualhier, 1897, ♂ from Chão da Ribeira, 4 Sep. 1998. D. Cixius wollastoni sp. nov., ♂ from Ribeiro Frio, 24 May 2002, on Digitalis purpurea L. (the arrows indicate the brown stripes). E. Tachycixius chaoensis China, 1938, ♂ from Ponta de São Lourenço, 11 May 2001, on Suaeda vera Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel. F. Hyalesthes madeires Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986, ♂ from Serra de Água, 9 Jul. 2001, on Globularia salicina Lam." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4663779" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4663779/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
). Triangular shallow pits above frons, genae, lora and clypeus black glowing; marginal carinae of the frons pale yellow; in the widest area, two light yellow to golden brown oval spots at each side of the epistomal suture. Second antennal segment yellow ochre. Carinae of the pronotum pale yellow; posterolateral angles and medial-lateral pits behind vertex dark grey. Mesonotum is glowing black, narrowly brown yellow in the lateral angles behind the tegula and apex. Eyes fulvous; lateral ocelli light yellow to fulvous. Tegula pale yellow. Tegmina hyaline (
<figureCitation id="1345D7EEFFC6F715FE54D9D5B0F9FACE" box="[400,494,1258,1285]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1776,1802]" captionTargetBox="[256,1304,288,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-18@12.[233,1353,266,1738]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Male forewings. A. Cixius madeirensis China, 1938 from Vereda Paul, 23 Jul. 2002, on Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. B. Cixius verticalis Noualhier, 1897 from Chão da Ribeira, 30 Apr. 2002, on Diplazium caudatum (Cav.) Jermy. C. Cixius wollastoni sp. nov. from Ribeiro Frio, 24 Apr. 2002, on Digitalis purpurea L. D. Hyalesthes madeires Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986 from Serra de Água, 9 Jul. 2001, on Globularia salicina Lam. E. Hyalesthes portonoves Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986 from Porto Novo, 16 Apr. 2003, on G. salicina. F. Tachycixius chaoensis (China, 1938) from Ponta de São Lourenço, 11 May 2001, on Suaeda vera Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4663783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4663783/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
); veins yellow ochre with some longitudinal and transverse apical veins, pale brown; the expression of colouration varies. Stigma entirely pale brown and outer margins pale ochre; legs faded brown, lighter on the femorotibial joints, hind tibia yellow, in some specimens with fine brown stripes along the lateral grooves. Tarsi of forelegs, middle legs, and apical tarsus of the hindlegs brown. In males, abdominal segments black and genital segments brown ventrally. Pygofer pale to red orange ventrally. In females, abdominal segments black, red orange medially and narrowly pale on the margins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1CB6BFFC6F715FF79DB3FB54DF927" blockId="23.[187,1401,1535,1773]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
HEAD. Vertex between eyes shorter than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC6F715FD66DB3FB251F9D2" authorityName="Remane &amp; Hoch" authorityYear="1986" box="[674,838,1536,1561]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="portonoves">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC6F715FD66DB3FB251F9D2" box="[674,838,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">H. portonoves</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; at the posterior margin approximately 1.7 times as long as than wide (
<figureCitation id="1345D7EEFFC6F715FE7ADB1DB33EF9F7" box="[446,553,1570,1596]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[189,232,1778,1804]" captionTargetBox="[251,1331,268,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-18@24.[247,1339,266,1742]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 11. Hyalesthes madeires Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986. A–C, E. Specimens from Serra de Água, 9 Jul. 2001, on Globularia salicina Lam. D. Specimen from Levada Nova Ponta do Sol, 13 Jul. 2001, on G. salicina. F,I. Specimens from Curral das Freiras, 20 Aug. 2001, onG. salicina. G–H, J–M. Specimens from Curral das Freiras, 28 May 2001, on G. salicina. A. Head (frontal view). B. Head, pronotum and scutellum (dorsal view). C. Pygofer (left lateral view). D. Left paramere. E. Right forewing. F–G. Anal tube (left lateral and dorsal view). H. Pygofer (ventral view). I–M. Aedeagus (I–K, left lateral view; L–M, dorsal and ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4663801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4663801/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
); lateral margins often divergent posteriorly and apex parabola-shaped; the ridge of the carinae tapering towards the apex. Subtriangular lateral pits between the vertex and forehead shallow. Forehead convex. Length of the frons 1.5 times longer than wide medially (
<figureCitation id="1345D7EEFFC6F715FB39DB57B47FF948" box="[1277,1384,1640,1667]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[189,232,1778,1804]" captionTargetBox="[251,1331,268,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-18@24.[247,1339,266,1742]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 11. Hyalesthes madeires Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986. A–C, E. Specimens from Serra de Água, 9 Jul. 2001, on Globularia salicina Lam. D. Specimen from Levada Nova Ponta do Sol, 13 Jul. 2001, on G. salicina. F,I. Specimens from Curral das Freiras, 20 Aug. 2001, onG. salicina. G–H, J–M. Specimens from Curral das Freiras, 28 May 2001, on G. salicina. A. Head (frontal view). B. Head, pronotum and scutellum (dorsal view). C. Pygofer (left lateral view). D. Left paramere. E. Right forewing. F–G. Anal tube (left lateral and dorsal view). H. Pygofer (ventral view). I–M. Aedeagus (I–K, left lateral view; L–M, dorsal and ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4663801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4663801/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
); lateral carinae ridged, tapering along the distal half of postclypeus; medial carina distinct, of variable length, tapering towards the widest part of the forehead. Frontoclypeus conspicuous. Epistomal suture parabola-shaped but not well delimited. Medial ocellus is vestigial or obsolete.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1CB6BFFC6F71BFF79DA2BB077FE47" blockId="23.[189,1400,1812,2014]" lastBlockId="25.[189,1398,265,397]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
THORAX. Pronotum with three distinct carinae; medial carina short, delimiting anteriorly two small pits laterally; posterior carinae divergent, forming two shallow depressions in the posterolateral margins (
<figureCitation id="1345D7EEFFC6F715FF02DA65B02FF8BF" box="[198,312,1882,1908]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[189,232,1778,1804]" captionTargetBox="[251,1331,268,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-18@24.[247,1339,266,1742]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 11. Hyalesthes madeires Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986. A–C, E. Specimens from Serra de Água, 9 Jul. 2001, on Globularia salicina Lam. D. Specimen from Levada Nova Ponta do Sol, 13 Jul. 2001, on G. salicina. F,I. Specimens from Curral das Freiras, 20 Aug. 2001, onG. salicina. G–H, J–M. Specimens from Curral das Freiras, 28 May 2001, on G. salicina. A. Head (frontal view). B. Head, pronotum and scutellum (dorsal view). C. Pygofer (left lateral view). D. Left paramere. E. Right forewing. F–G. Anal tube (left lateral and dorsal view). H. Pygofer (ventral view). I–M. Aedeagus (I–K, left lateral view; L–M, dorsal and ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4663801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4663801/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
). Mesonotum with five carinae; the intercostal carinae parenthesis-shaped, from faded to obsolete, do not touch the medial and costal carinae but sometimes reach the anterior margins of mesonotum; costal carinae slightly arched caudally, reaching the anterior margin of pronotum and the posterior margin of mesonotum; medial carina of variable length, almost as long as the costal carinae. Tegula developed. Tegmina extend well beyond abdomen apex, nearly 3 times as long as wide and with sporadic bristles along veins (
<figureCitation id="1345D7EEFFC8F71BFDDCDC13B366FE8D" box="[536,625,300,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1777,1803]" captionTargetBox="[224,1373,382,1630]" captionTargetId="figure-11@7.[189,1398,339,1665]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Habitus. A–B. Cixius madeirensis China, 1938. A. ♂ from Vereda Paul, 23 Jul. 2002, on Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. B. ♀ from Corredor Verde, 16 Apr. 2002, on P. aquilinum. C. Cixius verticalis Noualhier, 1897, ♂ from Chão da Ribeira, 4 Sep. 1998. D. Cixius wollastoni sp. nov., ♂ from Ribeiro Frio, 24 May 2002, on Digitalis purpurea L. (the arrows indicate the brown stripes). E. Tachycixius chaoensis China, 1938, ♂ from Ponta de São Lourenço, 11 May 2001, on Suaeda vera Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel. F. Hyalesthes madeires Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986, ♂ from Serra de Água, 9 Jul. 2001, on Globularia salicina Lam." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4663779" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4663779/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
). Hind tibia with 1 or 2 small lateral spines, the largest medial and the other, often faded or obsolescent, near the femorotibial joints. The distal end of the first metatarsus with 7 spines.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF019BE3FFC9F71AFF79DBCDB33AF82A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4663801" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4663801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4663801/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[189,232,1778,1804]" targetBox="[251,1331,268,1729]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph id="8BC1CB6BFFC9F71AFF79DBCDB33AF82A" blockId="24.[187,1399,1778,2017]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC9F71AFF79DBCDB00EF8C7" bold="true" box="[189,281,1778,1804]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC9F71AFEE6DBCCB221F8C6" authority="Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986" authorityName="Remane &amp; Hoch" authorityYear="1986" box="[290,822,1779,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madeires">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC9F71AFEE6DBCCB301F8C6" box="[290,534,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hyalesthes madeires</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFB69AFFC9F71AFDDBDBCCB221F8C6" author="Remane R. &amp; Hoch H." box="[543,822,1779,1805]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="123 - 151" refId="ref19883" refString="Remane R. &amp; Hoch H. 1986. Sechs neue Arten der Gattung Hyalesthes Signoret, 1865 (Homoptera Fulgoroidea Cixiidae) von den Mittelatlantischen Inseln und aus dem Irak. Marburger Entomologische Publikationen 2 (3): 123 - 151." type="journal article" year="1986">Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC9F71AFC80DBCDB2B7F8C6" bold="true" box="[836,928,1778,1805]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A–C, E</emphasis>
. Specimens from Serra de Água, 9 Jul. 2001, on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC9F71AFEF6DA29B39DF8FB" authority="Lam. D." authorityName="Lam. D." box="[306,650,1814,1840]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Globularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicina">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC9F71AFEF6DA29B30BF8FB" box="[306,540,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Globularia salicina</emphasis>
Lam. 
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC9F71AFDAADA29B394F8FB" bold="true" box="[622,643,1814,1840]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">D</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicName>
Specimen from Levada Nova Ponta do Sol, 13 Jul. 2001, on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC9F71AFF79DA06B02CF898" box="[189,315,1849,1875]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Globularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicina">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC9F71AFF79DA06B02CF898" box="[189,315,1849,1875]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G. salicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC9F71AFE8CDA06B079F898" bold="true" box="[328,366,1849,1875]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">F,I</emphasis>
. Specimens from Curral das Freiras, 20 Aug. 2001, on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC9F71AFC19DA06B54CF898" box="[989,1115,1849,1875]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Globularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicina">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC9F71AFC19DA06B54CF898" box="[989,1115,1849,1875]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G. salicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC9F71AFBADDA06B5FCF898" bold="true" box="[1129,1259,1849,1875]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G–H, J–M</emphasis>
. Specimens from Curral das Freiras, 28 May 2001, on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC9F71AFD71DA62B222F8BD" box="[693,821,1884,1911]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Globularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamiales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicina">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC9F71AFD71DA62B222F8BD" box="[693,821,1884,1911]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G. salicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC9F71AFC81DA63B24DF8BD" bold="true" box="[837,858,1884,1910]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
. Head (frontal view). 
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC9F71AFBA6DA63B562F8BD" bold="true" box="[1122,1141,1884,1910]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
. Head, pronotum and scutellum (dorsal view). 
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC9F71AFE1BDA40B0E3F852" bold="true" box="[479,500,1919,1945]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
. Pygofer (left lateral view). 
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC9F71AFC84DABFB242F851" bold="true" box="[832,853,1920,1946]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">D</emphasis>
. Left paramere. 
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC9F71AFBD3DABFB53CF851" bold="true" box="[1047,1067,1920,1946]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
. Right forewing. 
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC9F71AFB3DDA40B427F852" bold="true" box="[1273,1328,1919,1945]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">F–G</emphasis>
. Anal tube (left lateral and dorsal view). 
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC9F71AFDA6DA9CB361F876" bold="true" box="[610,630,1955,1981]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">H</emphasis>
. Pygofer (ventral view). 
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC9F71AFC6DDA9CB2CAF876" bold="true" box="[937,989,1955,1981]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">I–M</emphasis>
. Aedeagus (I–K, left lateral view; L–M, dorsal and ventral view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC1CB6BFFC8F71BFF79DC8AB300FC77" blockId="25.[187,1401,436,956]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
MALE GENITALIA (see also 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFB69AFFC8F71BFE26DC8BB3F2FE04" author="Hoch H. &amp; Remane R." box="[482,741,436,463]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 427" refId="ref18966" refString="Hoch H. &amp; Remane R. 1985. Evolution und Speziation der Zikaden-Gattung Hyalesthes Sign., 1865 (Homoptera Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoroidea Cixiidae). Marburger Entomologische Publikationen 2 (2): 1 - 427." type="journal article" year="1985">Hoch &amp; Remane 1985</bibRefCitation>
). Pygofer lobes subtrapezoidal, about 3/2 wider ventrally than in the widest median half (
<figureCitation id="1345D7EEFFC8F71BFDF8DCE8B3D8FE39" box="[572,719,471,498]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[189,232,1778,1804]" captionTargetBox="[251,1331,268,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-18@24.[247,1339,266,1742]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 11. Hyalesthes madeires Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986. A–C, E. Specimens from Serra de Água, 9 Jul. 2001, on Globularia salicina Lam. D. Specimen from Levada Nova Ponta do Sol, 13 Jul. 2001, on G. salicina. F,I. Specimens from Curral das Freiras, 20 Aug. 2001, onG. salicina. G–H, J–M. Specimens from Curral das Freiras, 28 May 2001, on G. salicina. A. Head (frontal view). B. Head, pronotum and scutellum (dorsal view). C. Pygofer (left lateral view). D. Left paramere. E. Right forewing. F–G. Anal tube (left lateral and dorsal view). H. Pygofer (ventral view). I–M. Aedeagus (I–K, left lateral view; L–M, dorsal and ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4663801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4663801/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 11C, H</figureCitation>
). The distal part of the anal tube, in lateral view, almost 3 times as wide as the proximal; ventrolateral margin divergent, slightly curved caudally towards the apex and rounded distally. Anal style digitiform, apically slightly globular (
<figureCitation id="1345D7EEFFC8F71BFB93DF21B5F0FDF3" box="[1111,1255,542,568]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[189,232,1778,1804]" captionTargetBox="[251,1331,268,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-18@24.[247,1339,266,1742]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 11. Hyalesthes madeires Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986. A–C, E. Specimens from Serra de Água, 9 Jul. 2001, on Globularia salicina Lam. D. Specimen from Levada Nova Ponta do Sol, 13 Jul. 2001, on G. salicina. F,I. Specimens from Curral das Freiras, 20 Aug. 2001, onG. salicina. G–H, J–M. Specimens from Curral das Freiras, 28 May 2001, on G. salicina. A. Head (frontal view). B. Head, pronotum and scutellum (dorsal view). C. Pygofer (left lateral view). D. Left paramere. E. Right forewing. F–G. Anal tube (left lateral and dorsal view). H. Pygofer (ventral view). I–M. Aedeagus (I–K, left lateral view; L–M, dorsal and ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4663801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4663801/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 11F–G</figureCitation>
). Parameres scythe-like distally, of variable curvature (
<figureCitation id="1345D7EEFFC8F71BFD78DF7EB23DFD90" box="[700,810,577,603]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[189,232,1778,1804]" captionTargetBox="[251,1331,268,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-18@24.[247,1339,266,1742]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 11. Hyalesthes madeires Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986. A–C, E. Specimens from Serra de Água, 9 Jul. 2001, on Globularia salicina Lam. D. Specimen from Levada Nova Ponta do Sol, 13 Jul. 2001, on G. salicina. F,I. Specimens from Curral das Freiras, 20 Aug. 2001, onG. salicina. G–H, J–M. Specimens from Curral das Freiras, 28 May 2001, on G. salicina. A. Head (frontal view). B. Head, pronotum and scutellum (dorsal view). C. Pygofer (left lateral view). D. Left paramere. E. Right forewing. F–G. Anal tube (left lateral and dorsal view). H. Pygofer (ventral view). I–M. Aedeagus (I–K, left lateral view; L–M, dorsal and ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4663801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4663801/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
); the length of the scythe-like part is half of the paramere length. Aedeagus tubular expanded dorsocaudally in a slightly chitinized projection. Far basally, on the left lateroventral side of the aedeagus base, there is a short, curved thorn of variable size that is caudally directed (
<figureCitation id="1345D7EEFFC8F71BFE2FDF95B361FD0E" box="[491,630,682,709]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[189,232,1778,1804]" captionTargetBox="[251,1331,268,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-18@24.[247,1339,266,1742]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 11. Hyalesthes madeires Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986. A–C, E. Specimens from Serra de Água, 9 Jul. 2001, on Globularia salicina Lam. D. Specimen from Levada Nova Ponta do Sol, 13 Jul. 2001, on G. salicina. F,I. Specimens from Curral das Freiras, 20 Aug. 2001, onG. salicina. G–H, J–M. Specimens from Curral das Freiras, 28 May 2001, on G. salicina. A. Head (frontal view). B. Head, pronotum and scutellum (dorsal view). C. Pygofer (left lateral view). D. Left paramere. E. Right forewing. F–G. Anal tube (left lateral and dorsal view). H. Pygofer (ventral view). I–M. Aedeagus (I–K, left lateral view; L–M, dorsal and ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4663801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4663801/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 11I–M</figureCitation>
). Dorsocaudally from the left side of the aedeagus rise two long oblique thorns directed caudally; these bend strongly to the left side and extend across ¼ of the aedeagus length; they converge and are sometimes crossed distally (
<figureCitation id="1345D7EEFFC8F71BFCB9DFCEB2FBFCC0" box="[893,1004,753,779]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[189,232,1778,1804]" captionTargetBox="[251,1331,268,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-18@24.[247,1339,266,1742]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 11. Hyalesthes madeires Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986. A–C, E. Specimens from Serra de Água, 9 Jul. 2001, on Globularia salicina Lam. D. Specimen from Levada Nova Ponta do Sol, 13 Jul. 2001, on G. salicina. F,I. Specimens from Curral das Freiras, 20 Aug. 2001, onG. salicina. G–H, J–M. Specimens from Curral das Freiras, 28 May 2001, on G. salicina. A. Head (frontal view). B. Head, pronotum and scutellum (dorsal view). C. Pygofer (left lateral view). D. Left paramere. E. Right forewing. F–G. Anal tube (left lateral and dorsal view). H. Pygofer (ventral view). I–M. Aedeagus (I–K, left lateral view; L–M, dorsal and ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4663801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4663801/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 11K</figureCitation>
); the dorsal thorn is straight and tapers to the apex; this is longer, wider and thicker than the ventral horn and exceeds it distally as well as the ventral margin of the aedeagus. The ventral thorn is of variable size, being weakly arched medially and distally oblique; the basal half is parallel to the aedeagus base. But there are intraspecific differences, particularly in the length and curvature of the aedeagus thorns. These can overlap or not at the terminal end (
<figureCitation id="1345D7EEFFC8F71BFE48DE9EB31DFC77" box="[396,522,929,956]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[189,232,1778,1804]" captionTargetBox="[251,1331,268,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-18@24.[247,1339,266,1742]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 11. Hyalesthes madeires Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986. A–C, E. Specimens from Serra de Água, 9 Jul. 2001, on Globularia salicina Lam. D. Specimen from Levada Nova Ponta do Sol, 13 Jul. 2001, on G. salicina. F,I. Specimens from Curral das Freiras, 20 Aug. 2001, onG. salicina. G–H, J–M. Specimens from Curral das Freiras, 28 May 2001, on G. salicina. A. Head (frontal view). B. Head, pronotum and scutellum (dorsal view). C. Pygofer (left lateral view). D. Left paramere. E. Right forewing. F–G. Anal tube (left lateral and dorsal view). H. Pygofer (ventral view). I–M. Aedeagus (I–K, left lateral view; L–M, dorsal and ventral view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4663801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4663801/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig.11I–K</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1CB6BFFC8F71BFF79DEDCB234FC37" blockId="25.[189,803,994,1021]" box="[189,803,994,1021]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
FEMALE GENITALIA. As in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC8F71BFE19DEDCB394FC37" authorityName="Remane &amp; Hoch" authorityYear="1986" box="[477,643,995,1020]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="portonoves">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC8F71BFE19DEDCB394FC37" box="[477,643,995,1020]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. portonoves</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1345D7EEFFC8F71BFD57DEDDB201FC37" box="[659,790,994,1020]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1812,1838]" captionTargetBox="[307,1267,287,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-18@16.[295,1292,265,1769]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Female genitalia. A–B. Cixius madeirensis China, 1938 from Vereda do Paul da Serra, 23 Jul. 2002, onPeteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. C–D. Cixius verticalis Noualhier, 1897 from Chão da Ribeira (500 m a.s.l.), 30 Apr. 2002, on Diplazium caudatum (Cav.) Jermy. E–F. Tachycixius chaoensis (China, 1938) from Ponta de São Lourenço, 11 May 2001, on Suaeda vera Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel. G–H. Hyalesthes portonoves Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986. G. Specimen from Porto Novo, 25 Apr. 2003, on G. salicina Lam. H. Specimen from Cristo Rei, 26 Apr. 1998, on G. salicina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4663795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4663795/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 8G–H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36498E0FFC8F71BFF79D91CB308FAD6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC1CB6BFFC8F71BFF79D91CB0E6FBF5" blockId="25.[189,497,1059,1086]" box="[189,497,1059,1086]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<heading id="D0897C07FFC8F71BFF79D91CB0E6FBF5" bold="true" box="[189,497,1059,1086]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC8F71BFF79D91CB0E6FBF5" bold="true" box="[189,497,1059,1086]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1CB6BFFC8F71BFF79D96DB308FAD6" blockId="25.[188,1400,1106,1309]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Endemic to 
<collectingRegion id="49BA0589FFC8F71BFE89D96DB0B8FBA7" box="[333,431,1106,1132]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Madeira</collectingRegion>
Island. Widespread on the northern and southern slopes, from low altitudes up to 
<specimenCount id="9D7800E2FFC8F71BFF7AD949B005FB5B" box="[190,274,1142,1168]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C86668EFFC8F71BFF7AD949B019FB5B" box="[190,270,1142,1168]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
Occurs in thermophilic coastal areas and ravines where 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC8F71BFC7AD94AB5F8FB5B" authority="Lam." authorityName="Lam." box="[958,1263,1141,1168]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Globularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicina">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC8F71BFC7AD94AB5B0FB44" box="[958,1191,1141,1167]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Globularia salicina</emphasis>
Lam.
</taxonomicName>
grows, but also in areas with continuous water supply. Adult specimens were collected from May to August on two endemic plants, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC8F71BFE77D983B322FB1D" box="[435,565,1212,1238]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Globularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicina">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC8F71BFE77D983B322FB1D" box="[435,565,1212,1238]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">G. salicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC8F71BFDB4D983B2DCFB1D" authority="Lowe" authorityName="Lowe" box="[624,971,1212,1238]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Deschampsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="argentea">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC8F71BFDB4D983B26AFB1D" box="[624,893,1212,1238]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Deschampsia argentea</emphasis>
Lowe
</taxonomicName>
, and on the widespread 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC8F71BFB2ED982B028FB32" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Bituminaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bituminosa">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC8F71BFB2ED982B028FB32" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Bituminaria bituminosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) C.H.Stirt. It was also found on 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC8F71BFD1BD9E0B22EFB32" box="[735,825,1247,1273]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Echium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC8F71BFD1BD9E0B22EFB32" box="[735,825,1247,1273]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Echium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC8F71BFCA3D9E0B2A7FB32" box="[871,944,1247,1273]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC8F71BFCA3D9E0B2A7FB32" box="[871,944,1247,1273]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Rubus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC8F71BFBC2D9E0B594FB32" box="[1030,1155,1247,1273]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC8F71BFBC2D9E0B594FB32" box="[1030,1155,1247,1273]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Euphorbia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFB69AFFC8F71BFB76D9E0B1EDFAD6" author="Hoch H. &amp; Remane R." pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 427" refId="ref18966" refString="Hoch H. &amp; Remane R. 1985. Evolution und Speziation der Zikaden-Gattung Hyalesthes Sign., 1865 (Homoptera Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoroidea Cixiidae). Marburger Entomologische Publikationen 2 (2): 1 - 427." type="journal article" year="1985">Hoch &amp; Remane 1985</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFB69AFFC8F71BFEC2D83CB305FAD6" author="Remane R. &amp; Hoch H." box="[262,530,1282,1309]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="123 - 151" refId="ref19883" refString="Remane R. &amp; Hoch H. 1986. Sechs neue Arten der Gattung Hyalesthes Signoret, 1865 (Homoptera Fulgoroidea Cixiidae) von den Mittelatlantischen Inseln und aus dem Irak. Marburger Entomologische Publikationen 2 (3): 123 - 151." type="journal article" year="1986">Remane &amp; Hoch 1986</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36498E0FFC8F718FF79D87BB203FD6A" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC1CB6BFFC8F71BFF79D87BB038FA95" blockId="25.[189,303,1348,1374]" box="[189,303,1348,1374]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<heading id="D0897C07FFC8F71BFF79D87BB038FA95" bold="true" box="[189,303,1348,1374]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC8F71BFF79D87BB038FA95" bold="true" box="[189,303,1348,1374]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1CB6BFFC8F71BFF79D84DB286FA3D" blockId="25.[189,1399,1394,1526]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
The 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC8F71BFF32D84DB316FA47" authorityName="Horvath" authorityYear="1909" box="[246,513,1394,1420]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustulus">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC8F71BFF32D84DB316FA47" box="[246,513,1394,1420]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Hyalesthes angustulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group comprises five species (see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFB69AFFC8F71BFBD7D84DB43CFA46" author="Hoch H. &amp; Remane R." box="[1043,1323,1394,1421]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 427" refId="ref18966" refString="Hoch H. &amp; Remane R. 1985. Evolution und Speziation der Zikaden-Gattung Hyalesthes Sign., 1865 (Homoptera Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoroidea Cixiidae). Marburger Entomologische Publikationen 2 (2): 1 - 427." type="journal article" year="1985">Hoch &amp; Remane 1985</bibRefCitation>
). Two of them are endemic to the 
<collectingRegion id="49BA0589FFC8F71BFDD6D8AAB3DFFA64" box="[530,712,1429,1455]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC8F71BFD13D8A9B26AFA64" authorityName="Horvath" authorityYear="1909" box="[727,893,1429,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipennis">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC8F71BFD13D8A9B26AFA64" box="[727,893,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. flavipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC8F71BFC79D8A9B42BFA64" authority="Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986" authorityName="Remane &amp; Hoch" authorityYear="1986" box="[957,1340,1429,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teno">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC8F71BFC79D8A9B500FA64" box="[957,1047,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. teno</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFB69AFFC8F71BFBE5D8A9B42BFA64" author="Remane R. &amp; Hoch H." box="[1057,1340,1429,1456]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="123 - 151" refId="ref19883" refString="Remane R. &amp; Hoch H. 1986. Sechs neue Arten der Gattung Hyalesthes Signoret, 1865 (Homoptera Fulgoroidea Cixiidae) von den Mittelatlantischen Inseln und aus dem Irak. Marburger Entomologische Publikationen 2 (3): 123 - 151." type="journal article" year="1986">Remane &amp; Hoch, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and two others are endemic to the island of 
<collectingRegion id="49BA0589FFC8F71BFD6ED887B218FA19" box="[682,783,1464,1490]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Madeira</collectingRegion>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC8F71BFCDBD886B2A7FA19" authorityName="Remane &amp; Hoch" authorityYear="1986" box="[799,944,1464,1490]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madeires">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC8F71BFCDBD886B2A7FA19" box="[799,944,1464,1490]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. madeires</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC8F71BFC36D886B58CFA19" authorityName="Remane &amp; Hoch" authorityYear="1986" box="[1010,1179,1465,1490]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="portonoves">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC8F71BFC36D886B58CFA19" box="[1010,1179,1465,1490]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. portonoves</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The last species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC8F71BFF79D8E2B077FA3D" authorityName="Horvath" authorityYear="1909" box="[189,352,1500,1526]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustulus">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC8F71BFF79D8E2B077FA3D" box="[189,352,1500,1526]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. angustulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, occurs in the 
<collectingRegion id="49BA0589FFC8F71BFDC8D8E3B3ACFA3D" box="[524,699,1500,1526]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
and North Africa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1CB6BFFC8F718FF79DB22B40AFE8D" blockId="25.[187,1400,1565,2014]" lastBlockId="26.[189,1399,265,327]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFB69AFFC8F71BFF79DB22B065F9FC" author="Horvath G." box="[189,370,1565,1591]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="290 - 301" refId="ref19155" refString="Horvath G. 1909. Hemipteres recueillis par M. Th. Becker aux Iles Canaries. Annales Musei historiconaturalis hungarici 7: 290 - 301." type="journal article" year="1909">Horváth (1909)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC8F71BFE35DB21B384F9FC" authorityName="Horvath" authorityYear="1909" box="[497,659,1565,1591]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustulus">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC8F71BFE35DB21B384F9FC" box="[497,659,1565,1591]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. angustulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC8F71BFD08DB21B278F9FC" authorityName="Horvath" authorityYear="1909" box="[716,879,1565,1591]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipennis">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC8F71BFD08DB21B278F9FC" box="[716,879,1565,1591]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. flavipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Canary Islands but did not provide pictures of the male genitalia. This incomplete description led Lindberg to misidentifications of Madeira specimens. Initially, in 1941 Lindberg reported 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC8F71BFD33DB5BB28BF9B5" authorityName="Horvath" authorityYear="1909" box="[759,924,1636,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustulus">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC8F71BFD33DB5BB28BF9B5" box="[759,924,1636,1662]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. angustulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for Madeira without pictures (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFB69AFFC8F71BFACDDB5BB1E9F96A" author="Lindberg H." pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref19283" refString="Lindberg H. 1941. Die Hemipteren der Azorischen Inseln. Nebst Anhang: Zur Kenntis der Hemipterenfauna von Madeira. Commentationes Biologicae 8 (8): 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1941">Lindberg 1941</bibRefCitation>
). Later, in his work on the fauna of 
<collectingCountry id="F3698BFBFFC8F71BFD7DDBB8B219F96A" box="[697,782,1671,1697]" name="Cyprus" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFB69AFFC8F71BFCE4DBB8B2C2F96A" author="Lindberg H." box="[800,981,1671,1697]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref19315" refString="Lindberg H. 1948. On the insect fauna of Cyprus. Results of the expedition of 1939 by Harald, Hakan and P. H. Lindberg, I. Introduction, II. Heteroptera und Homoptera Cicadina der Insel Zypern. Commentationes Biologicae 10 (7): 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1948">Lindberg 1948</bibRefCitation>
), he illustrated and compared both species morphologically. He also stated that these two species occurred in the Canary Islands and referred to his previous work (“see Lindberg, 1936”), but did not mention on what material his drawings were based or whether Horváth’s material was available to him. In 1961, based on the same material of 1941 and new specimens collected by him, he mentioned that the specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC8F71BFBEDDA2BB5DBF8E5" authorityName="Horvath" authorityYear="1909" box="[1065,1228,1812,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustulus">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC8F71BFBEDDA2BB5DBF8E5" box="[1065,1228,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. angustulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Madeira identified by him in 1941 were 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC8F71BFD84DA07B2A0F899" authority="(Lindberg 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Lindberg" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[576,951,1847,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipennis">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC8F71BFD84DA07B3F1F89A" box="[576,742,1847,1873]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. flavipennis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFB69AFFC8F71BFD3CDA08B2B9F899" author="Lindberg H." box="[760,942,1847,1874]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref19421" refString="Lindberg H. 1961. Hemiptera Insularum Madeirensium. Commentationes Biologicae 24 (1): 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="1961">Lindberg 1961</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Again, he drew what he believed to be the first illustrations of the genitalia of both species (no indication of the origin of the illustrated specimens) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFB69AFFC8F71BFE94DA42B338F853" author="Lindberg H." box="[336,559,1917,1944]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref19421" refString="Lindberg H. 1961. Hemiptera Insularum Madeirensium. Commentationes Biologicae 24 (1): 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="1961">Lindberg 1961: 54</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 4a–f). Although the drawings of 1948 and 1961 are both attributed to the same species, they show substantial differences. Only the one that 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFB69AFFC8F71BFBE6DA9FB5F3F870" author="Lindberg H." box="[1058,1252,1952,1979]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref19421" refString="Lindberg H. 1961. Hemiptera Insularum Madeirensium. Commentationes Biologicae 24 (1): 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="1961">Lindberg (1961)</bibRefCitation>
erroneously attributed to 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC8F71BFE95DAFBB0E4F815" baseAuthorityName="Lindberg" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[337,499,1988,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipennis">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC8F71BFE95DAFBB0E4F815" box="[337,499,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. flavipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFC8F71BFDB1DAFBB215F815" authorityName="Remane &amp; Hoch" authorityYear="1986" box="[629,770,1988,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madeires">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFC8F71BFDB1DAFBB215F815" box="[629,770,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">H. madeires</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the shape of the aedeagus. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFB69AFFC8F71BFB9ADAFBB460F815" author="Hoch H. &amp; Remane R." box="[1118,1399,1987,2014]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 427" refId="ref18966" refString="Hoch H. &amp; Remane R. 1985. Evolution und Speziation der Zikaden-Gattung Hyalesthes Sign., 1865 (Homoptera Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoroidea Cixiidae). Marburger Entomologische Publikationen 2 (2): 1 - 427." type="journal article" year="1985">Hoch &amp; Remane (1985)</bibRefCitation>
studied most of Lindberg’s material from Madeira and identified all specimens as 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFCBF718FB54DC35B408FEE8" authorityName="Remane &amp; Hoch" authorityYear="1986" box="[1168,1311,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madeires">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFCBF718FB54DC35B408FEE8" box="[1168,1311,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">H. madeires</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a new species. Together with this species they described 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFCBF718FCCEDC12B2A7FE8D" authorityName="Remane &amp; Hoch" authorityYear="1986" box="[778,944,301,326]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="portonoves">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFCBF718FCCEDC12B2A7FE8D" box="[778,944,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">H. portonoves</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, absent in Lindberg’s material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1CB6BFFCBF718FF79DC51B203FD6A" blockId="26.[188,1399,366,674]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFCBF718FF79DC51B0B8FE43" authorityName="Remane &amp; Hoch" authorityYear="1986" box="[189,431,366,392]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madeires">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFCBF718FF79DC51B0B8FE43" box="[189,431,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Hyalesthes madeires</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C7EB0E8FFCBF718FD40DC51B23DFE4C" authorityName="Remane &amp; Hoch" authorityYear="1986" box="[644,810,366,391]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Hyalesthes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="portonoves">
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFCBF718FD40DC51B23DFE4C" box="[644,810,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">H. portonoves</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the width of the anterior margin of the vertex is significantly different in the males of both species (
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFCBF718FCF1DCADB250FE60" box="[821,839,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">F</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FAC92EFFCBF718FC8ADC9BB27BFE79" attach="left" box="[846,876,420,434]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">1,40</subScript>
= 25.6, 
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFCBF718FC0BDCADB2C9FE60" box="[975,990,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">p</emphasis>
&lt;0.05) but not in females (
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFCBF718FAE3DCADB42EFE60" box="[1319,1337,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">F</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FAC92EFFCBF718FA84DC9BB448FE79" attach="left" box="[1344,1375,420,434]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">1,24</subScript>
= 1.81, 
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFCBF718FF3BDC8AB019FE05" box="[255,270,437,462]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">p</emphasis>
= 0.19). On the contrary, the opposite is true for the other characters of the body. The males are similar in all the features, BL (
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFCBF718FDE2DCE7B32FFE3A" box="[550,568,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">F</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FAC92EFFCBF718FD84DCD5B349FE33" attach="right" box="[576,606,490,504]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">1,43</subScript>
= 0.172, p = 0.68), PW (
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFCBF718FC42DCE7B28FFE3A" box="[902,920,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">F</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FAC92EFFCBF718FC5BDCD5B2AAFE33" attach="left" box="[927,957,490,504]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">1,42</subScript>
= 2.11, 
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFCBF718FBDADCE7B53AFE3A" box="[1054,1069,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">p</emphasis>
= 0.15), WL (
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFCBF718FB12DCE7B5FFFE3A" box="[1238,1256,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">F</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FAC92EFFCBF718FB2BDCD5B41AFE33" attach="left" box="[1263,1293,490,504]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">1,40</subScript>
= 0.165, p = 0.68), MW (
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFCBF718FEBFDCC4B09AFDDF" box="[379,397,507,532]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">F</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FAC92EFFCBF718FE50DF32B0A5FDD0" attach="left" box="[404,434,525,539]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">1,45</subScript>
= 0.00, 
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFCBF718FDD5DCC4B337FDDF" box="[529,544,507,532]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">p</emphasis>
= 0.93) and ML (
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFCBF718FD2BDCC4B216FDDF" box="[751,769,507,532]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">F</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FAC92EFFCBF718FCCCDF32B231FDD0" attach="right" box="[776,806,525,539]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">1,45</subScript>
= 0.018, 
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFCBF718FC50DCC4B2B4FDDF" box="[916,931,507,532]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">p</emphasis>
= 0.89) (see 
<tableCitation id="C6FCFED0FFCBF718FBFEDCC5B598FDDE" box="[1082,1167,506,533]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[182,251,537,565]" captionTargetBox="[190,1917,677,1747]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Measurements of males and females of Cixius Latreille, 1804, Hyalesthes Signoret, 1865 and Tachycixius Wagner, 1939. Abbreviations: BL = body length; ML = mesonotum length; MW = mesonotum width; PW = pronotum width; WL = wing length. All measurements in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF019BE3FFD5F706FF72DF26B7F3FD93" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" tableUuid="DF019BE3FFD5F706FF72DF26B7F3FD93">Table 1</tableCitation>
), while the females diverge in all, BL (
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFCBF718FE64DF21B0A5FDFC" box="[416,434,542,567]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">F</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FAC92EFFCBF718FE7EDF0FB0CFFDF5" attach="left" box="[442,472,560,574]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">1,24</subScript>
= 12.02, 
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFCBF718FD88DF21B34CFDFC" box="[588,603,542,567]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">p</emphasis>
&lt;0.01), PW (
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFCBF718FCC1DF21B200FDFC" box="[773,791,542,567]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">F</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FAC92EFFCBF718FCE4DF0FB229FDF5" attach="right" box="[800,830,560,574]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">1,30</subScript>
= 7.27, 
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFCBF718FC67DF21B2A5FDFC" box="[931,946,542,567]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">p</emphasis>
&lt;0.05), WL, (
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFCBF718FBA1DF21B560FDFC" box="[1125,1143,542,567]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">F</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FAC92EFFCBF718FB44DF0FB589FDF5" attach="right" box="[1152,1182,560,574]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">1,24</subScript>
= 8.30, p &lt;0.01), MW (
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFCBF718FEC7DF7DB002FD90" box="[259,277,578,603]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">F</emphasis>
1,30 = 9.09, 
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFCBF718FE5DDF7DB0BFFD90" box="[409,424,578,603]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">p</emphasis>
&lt;0.01), except in the length of the mesonotum (
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFCBF718FC25DF7DB2E4FD90" box="[993,1011,578,603]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">F</emphasis>
1,30 = 2.33, 
<emphasis id="B90A1779FFCBF718FBB3DF7DB591FD90" box="[1143,1158,578,603]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">p</emphasis>
= 0.13). In addition, there is intraspecific variation in the shape and width of the vertex; even within the same population, in some cases, the variation in body size can be large.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>