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<mods:title id="6548F12A786277D865E997B9D13C696E">Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E1F6FD8F27E1FD95" bold="true" box="[151,434,535,562]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Loxostege sedakowialis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B1CFF8B4D64E0A2FD8F24CEFD95" author="Eversmann, E. F." box="[451,669,536,562]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="148 - 169" refId="ref63052" refString="Eversmann, E. F. (1852) Mittheilung ¸ ber einige neue Falter Russlands. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 25 (1), 148 - 169." type="journal article" year="1852">Eversmann, 1852</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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(
<figureCitation id="13472A68FF8B4D64E1FEFDAB2752FDF1" box="[159,257,572,598]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="52.[152,255,1886,1910]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-29@52.[151,1436,181,1862]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 23. A) Sitochroa urmiensis Alipanah, male. B) S. straminealis (Hampson), male. C) S. malekalis (Amsel), male. D, E) Loxostege clathralis (Ḩbner): male, Kerman, Baft (D), male, Kashan, Jehagh (E). F) L. sedakowialis (Eversmann), male (scale bar = 10.0 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959201" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959201/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 23F</figureCitation>
)
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8B4D64E1F6FD16242AFD3F" authority="Eversmann, 1852: 165 - 166" authorityName="Eversmann" authorityPageNumber="165 - 166" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,633,640,664]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedakowialis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E1F6FD16270AFD3F" box="[151,345,640,664]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Botys sedakowialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B1CFF8B4D64E03EFD16242AFD3F" author="Eversmann, E. F." box="[351,633,640,664]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="148 - 169" refId="ref63052" refString="Eversmann, E. F. (1852) Mittheilung ¸ ber einige neue Falter Russlands. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 25 (1), 148 - 169." type="journal article" year="1852">Eversmann, 1852: 165166</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="8BC336EDFF8B4D64E1F6FD372798FD10" blockId="51.[151,872,640,726]" box="[151,459,671,695]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
LT:
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, Eastern Siberia.
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Syn.:
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8B4D64E1B3FD282437FD71" authority="Amsel, 1970: 47" authorityName="Amsel" authorityPageNumber="47" authorityYear="1970" box="[210,612,702,726]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxostege" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bashgulalis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E1B3FD2827E7FD71" box="[210,436,702,726]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Loxostege bashgulalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B1CFF8B4D64E0D8FD292437FD71" author="Amsel, H. G." box="[441,612,702,726]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="25 - 66" refId="ref61570" refString="Amsel, H. G. (1970) Afghanische Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Beitrage zur Naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland, 29 (1), 25 - 66, pls. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1970">Amsel, 1970: 47</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, text-fig. 18, pl. 3 fig. 33.
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<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E1F6FD6927D2FCBF" bold="true" box="[151,385,766,792]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Material examined.</emphasis>
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6 ♂♂,
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:
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<collectingRegion id="49B8F80FFF8B4D64E345FD6A2482FCBF" box="[548,721,765,792]" country="Iran" name="Kerman" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Kermân Prov.</collectingRegion>
:
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6 ♂♂,
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,
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, 6,
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,
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,
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leg. (gen. prep. HA-2446, HA-2449, HA-2824,
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)
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,
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,
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,
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,
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<collectingDate id="EF86E9C5FF8B4D64E2D5FCB6227DFC9C" box="[948,1070,801,827]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1977-06-30">30.vi.1977</collectingDate>
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,
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,
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,
<collectorName id="2689533BFF8B4D64E58EFCB62376FC9C" box="[1263,1317,801,827]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Abâi</collectorName>
leg.
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,
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,
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,
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<collectingDate id="EF86E9C5FF8B4D64E057FCD227CBFCF8" box="[310,408,837,863]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1973-05-07">7.v.1973</collectingDate>
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,
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,
<collectorName id="2689533BFF8B4D64E349FCD224DFFCF8" box="[552,652,837,863]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Hâshemi</collectorName>
leg.
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,
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,
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Behest-
<location id="8EA36036FF8B4D64E2D3FCD2224CFCF8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587FBFF8B4D60E1F6FD8F25D9FE2E:8EA36036FF8B4D64E2D3FCD2224CFCF8" box="[946,1055,837,863]" municipality="Darb-e" name="Jiroft Rd." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Kerman">Jiroft Rd.</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A712FCFFF8B4D64E54BFCD222B8FCF8" box="[1066,1259,837,864]" location="Jiroft" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<quantity id="4C849B08FF8B4D64E54BFCD22222FCF8" box="[1066,1137,837,864]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="55.0">55 km</quantity>
NW Jiroft
</locationDeviation>
, near
<collectorName id="2689533BFF8B4D64E44CFCD226F8FC24" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Shengarâ, N</collectorName>
29˚04΄56.5˝, E 57˚32΄25.6˝,
<quantity id="4C849B08FF8B4D64E091FCFE2414FC24" box="[496,583,873,899]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7939999999999996" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="2794.0">
<elevation id="0051D1DEFF8B4D64E091FCFE2414FC24" box="[496,583,873,899]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7939999999999996" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="2794.0">2794 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFC2102DFF8B4D64E332FCFF24ECFC25" box="[595,703,872,898]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2017-06-07">
<collectingDate id="EF86E9C5FF8B4D64E332FCFF24ECFC25" box="[595,703,872,898]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2017-06-07">7.vi.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2689533BFF8B4D64E3AAFCFD2566FC22" box="[715,821,874,901]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Âlipanâh</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="2689533BFF8B4D64E25FFCFF25F2FC25" box="[830,929,872,898]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Afsariân</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="2689533BFF8B4D64E2CCFCFF224CFC25" box="[941,1055,872,898]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Mozhdehi</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3666566FF8B4D64E1A6FC1B2352FC01" box="[199,1281,908,935]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC336EDFF8B4D64E1A6FC1B2352FC01" blockId="51.[151,1437,765,1608]" box="[199,1281,908,935]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E1A6FC1B2732FC01" bold="true" box="[199,353,908,934]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F36B767DFF8B4D64E006FC1B27E6FC01" box="[359,437,908,934]" name="Russia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Russia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36B767DFF8B4D64E0DEFC1B241BFC01" box="[447,584,908,934]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B1CFF8B4D64E337FC1B24B0FC01" author="Amsel, H. G." box="[598,739,908,934]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="25 - 66" refId="ref61570" refString="Amsel, H. G. (1970) Afghanische Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Beitrage zur Naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland, 29 (1), 25 - 66, pls. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1970">Amsel 1970</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B1CFF8B4D64E38EFC1B25BAFC01" author="Kocak, A. O. &amp; Kemal, M." box="[751,1001,908,934]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 1649" refId="ref64639" refString="Kocak, A. O. &amp; Kemal, M. (2012) List of the hitherto recorded pterygot taxa of Turkey (Insecta) (temporary report of the Entomofauna Projekt of Turkey 10). The Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara, Memoirs, 6, i - iv + 1 - 1649." type="journal article" year="2012">Koçak &amp; Kemal 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B1CFF8B4D64E295FC1A22F8FC01" author="Nuss, M. &amp; Landry, B. &amp; Mally, R. &amp; Vegliante, F. &amp; Trankner, A. &amp; Bauer, F. &amp; Hayden, J. &amp; Segerer, A. &amp; Schouten, R. &amp; Li, H. &amp; Trofimova, T. &amp; Solis, M. A. &amp; De Prins, J. &amp; Speidel, W." box="[1012,1195,908,935]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref66332" refString="Nuss, M., Landry, B., Mally, R., Vegliante, F., Trankner, A., Bauer, F., Hayden, J., Segerer, A., Schouten, R., Li, H., Trofimova, T., Solis, M. A., De Prins, J. &amp; Speidel, W. (2003 - 2022) Global Information System on Pyraloidea. Available from: http: // www. pyraloidea. org (accessed 16 July 2022)" type="url" year="2003">
Nuss
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E552FC1A2237FC01" box="[1075,1124,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
. 2003
</bibRefCitation>
2022).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3666566FF8B4D64E1A6FC3825C4FB39" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC336EDFF8B4D64E1A6FC3825C4FB39" blockId="51.[151,1437,765,1608]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E1A6FC38242BFC6E" bold="true" box="[199,632,943,970]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Redescription of the female genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13472A68FF8B4D64E3E7FC382555FC6D" box="[646,774,943,970]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="54.[152,255,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[167,1417,609,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-216@54.[151,1435,597,1858]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 25. A, D) Head of Loxostege clathralis (Ḩbner) (A) and L. sedakowialis (Eversmann) (D) in lateral view. B, C) Female genitalia of L. clathralis (Ḩbner) (genitalia slide HA-2823, HMIM). E, F) Female genitalia of L. sedakowialis (Eversmann) (genitalia slide HA-2449, HMIM). B, E) Genitalia in ventral view. C, F) Antrum area. Arrows in A and D indicate the anterior edge of frons." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959209/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 25E, F</figureCitation>
). Papillae anales flat, crescent-shaped, densely setose; anterior apophyses slightly less than two times the length of the posterior apophyses (n = 1); antrum nearly cup-shaped, anterior edge with denticulate sclerotization at the junction with colliculum, posterior end with a pair of rod-shaped sclerotized structures laterally; colliculum sclerotized, nearly half length of antrum; ductus bursae long, with moderate width and a distinct curvature posteriorly at the junction with colliculum; ductus seminalis from anterior end of colliculum at the junction with ductus bursae; bursa copulatrix spherical, cestum narrow, with pointed minute sclerotized spines, its length one-fifth of the length of ductus bursae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3666566FF8B4D60E1A6FB3F25D9FE2E" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC336EDFF8B4D64E1A6FB3F2751FA8B" blockId="51.[151,1437,765,1608]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E1A6FB3F2768FB65" bold="true" box="[199,315,1192,1218]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species was described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B1CFF8B4D64E3FCFB3F256AFB65" author="Amsel, H. G." box="[669,825,1192,1218]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="25 - 66" refId="ref61570" refString="Amsel, H. G. (1970) Afghanische Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Beitrage zur Naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland, 29 (1), 25 - 66, pls. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1970">Amsel (1970)</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8B4D64E201FB3F25ACFB65" authorityName="Amsel" authorityYear="1970" box="[864,1023,1192,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxostege" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bashgulalis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E201FB3F25ACFB65" box="[864,1023,1192,1218]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">L. bashgulalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD64FF8B4D64E513FB3F22B6FB65" box="[1138,1253,1192,1218]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD64FF8B4D64E47CFB3F23CFFB65" box="[1309,1436,1192,1218]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">six females</specimenCount>
collected from
<collectingCountry id="F36B767DFF8B4D64E026FB5C2783FB42" box="[327,464,1227,1253]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
and later it was synonymized with
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8B4D64E216FB5B227AFB42" authorityName="Eversmann" authorityYear="1852" box="[887,1065,1227,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedakowialis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E216FB5B227AFB42" box="[887,1065,1227,1253]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">L. sedakowialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, he did not present a detailed description of the female genitalia at that time. Therefore, a redescription of the female genitalia is here provided.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336EDFF8B4D64E1A6FAA225BDFA7A" blockId="51.[151,1437,765,1608]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
This species is very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8B4D64E348FAA124E7FAE8" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[553,692,1333,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxostege" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clathralis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E348FAA124E7FAE8" box="[553,692,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">L. clathralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
externally, and as stated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B1CFF8B4D64E29DFAA222C8FAF7" author="Amsel, H. G." box="[1020,1179,1333,1360]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="25 - 66" refId="ref61570" refString="Amsel, H. G. (1970) Afghanische Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Beitrage zur Naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland, 29 (1), 25 - 66, pls. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1970">Amsel (1970)</bibRefCitation>
, they differ from each other in the length of the antennal ciliae of the male and the narrow white marginal band of both fore- and hindwing: According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B1CFF8B4D64E04FFAEB2798FA30" author="Amsel, H. G." box="[302,459,1404,1431]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="25 - 66" refId="ref61570" refString="Amsel, H. G. (1970) Afghanische Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Beitrage zur Naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland, 29 (1), 25 - 66, pls. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1970">Amsel (1970)</bibRefCitation>
, length of the ciliae of male antennae in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8B4D64E2EDFAEA2269FA31" authorityName="Eversmann" authorityYear="1852" box="[908,1082,1404,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedakowialis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E2EDFAEA2269FA31" box="[908,1082,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">L. sedakowialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were twice as long as each segment, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8B4D64E05FFA362795FA1D" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[318,454,1440,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxostege" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clathralis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E05FFA362795FA1D" box="[318,454,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">L. clathralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they were 1̸3 to 1̸2 of the length of each segment. Additionally, the wings narrow white marginal bands in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8B4D64E007FA532446FA7A" authorityName="Eversmann" authorityYear="1852" box="[358,533,1475,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedakowialis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E007FA532446FA7A" box="[358,533,1475,1501]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">L. sedakowialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not interrupted by the darkened veins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336EDFF8B4D64E1A6FA70235DF9EF" blockId="51.[151,1437,765,1608]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Examining a significant quantity of material of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8B4D64E3B8FA7F2532F9A6" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[729,865,1511,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxostege" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clathralis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E3B8FA7F2532F9A6" box="[729,865,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">L. clathralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD64FF8B4D64E2F7FA70227DF9A6" box="[918,1070,1511,1537]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8B4D64E533FA7F2353F9A6" authorityName="Eversmann" authorityYear="1852" box="[1106,1280,1511,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedakowialis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E533FA7F2353F9A6" box="[1106,1280,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">L. sedakowialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the present study revealed that although the length of male antennal ciliae in these two species is very slightly different, it cannot be considered as a reliable feature because of its relativity. We observed the following differences:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336EDFF8B4D64E1F6F9E227E3F915" blockId="51.[151,1437,1653,2000]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
1) All examined
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8B4D64E004F9E127BDF928" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[357,494,1653,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxostege" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clathralis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E004F9E127BDF928" box="[357,494,1653,1679]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">L. clathralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have brown veins, cross lines and markings; in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8B4D64E56AF9E122E1F928" authorityName="Eversmann" authorityYear="1852" box="[1035,1202,1653,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedakowialis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E56AF9E122E1F928" box="[1035,1202,1653,1679]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">L sedakowialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they are clearly pale brown (
<figureCitation id="13472A68FF8B4D64E07CF90F27F7F915" box="[285,420,1688,1714]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="52.[152,255,1886,1910]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-29@52.[151,1436,181,1862]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 23. A) Sitochroa urmiensis Alipanah, male. B) S. straminealis (Hampson), male. C) S. malekalis (Amsel), male. D, E) Loxostege clathralis (Ḩbner): male, Kerman, Baft (D), male, Kashan, Jehagh (E). F) L. sedakowialis (Eversmann), male (scale bar = 10.0 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959201" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959201/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 23DF</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336EDFF8B4D64E1F6F92B25DEF95E" blockId="51.[151,1437,1653,2000]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
2) The wings narrow white marginal band is interrupted by brown veins in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8B4D64E295F92A222FF971" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[1012,1148,1724,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxostege" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clathralis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E295F92A222FF971" box="[1012,1148,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">L. clathralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13472A68FF8B4D64E5EAF92B2342F971" box="[1163,1297,1724,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="52.[152,255,1886,1910]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-29@52.[151,1436,181,1862]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 23. A) Sitochroa urmiensis Alipanah, male. B) S. straminealis (Hampson), male. C) S. malekalis (Amsel), male. D, E) Loxostege clathralis (Ḩbner): male, Kerman, Baft (D), male, Kashan, Jehagh (E). F) L. sedakowialis (Eversmann), male (scale bar = 10.0 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959201" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959201/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 23D, E</figureCitation>
); in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8B4D64E423F92B2770F95E" authorityName="Eversmann" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedakowialis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E423F92B2770F95E" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">L. sedakowialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the veins in this area are pale or colourless (
<figureCitation id="13472A68FF8B4D64E27DF94825D2F95E" box="[796,897,1759,1785]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="52.[152,255,1886,1910]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-29@52.[151,1436,181,1862]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 23. A) Sitochroa urmiensis Alipanah, male. B) S. straminealis (Hampson), male. C) S. malekalis (Amsel), male. D, E) Loxostege clathralis (Ḩbner): male, Kerman, Baft (D), male, Kashan, Jehagh (E). F) L. sedakowialis (Eversmann), male (scale bar = 10.0 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959201" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959201/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 23F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336EDFF8B4D64E1F6F89427A1F8E7" blockId="51.[151,1437,1653,2000]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
3) The narrow white marginal band of the hindwing is narrower in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8B4D64E2F4F8942210F8BA" authorityName="Eversmann" authorityYear="1852" box="[917,1091,1795,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedakowialis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E2F4F8942210F8BA" box="[917,1091,1795,1821]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">L. sedakowialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13472A68FF8B4D64E533F89422E7F8BA" box="[1106,1204,1795,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="52.[152,255,1886,1910]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-29@52.[151,1436,181,1862]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 23. A) Sitochroa urmiensis Alipanah, male. B) S. straminealis (Hampson), male. C) S. malekalis (Amsel), male. D, E) Loxostege clathralis (Ḩbner): male, Kerman, Baft (D), male, Kashan, Jehagh (E). F) L. sedakowialis (Eversmann), male (scale bar = 10.0 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959201" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959201/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 23F</figureCitation>
) compared to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8B4D64E1A7F8B0271DF8E7" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[198,334,1830,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxostege" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clathralis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E1A7F8B0271DF8E7" box="[198,334,1830,1856]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">L. clathralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13472A68FF8B4D64E03FF8B127B5F8E7" box="[350,486,1830,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="52.[152,255,1886,1910]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-29@52.[151,1436,181,1862]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 23. A) Sitochroa urmiensis Alipanah, male. B) S. straminealis (Hampson), male. C) S. malekalis (Amsel), male. D, E) Loxostege clathralis (Ḩbner): male, Kerman, Baft (D), male, Kashan, Jehagh (E). F) L. sedakowialis (Eversmann), male (scale bar = 10.0 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959201" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959201/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 23D, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336EDFF8B4D64E1F6F8DD2563F82F" blockId="51.[151,1437,1653,2000]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
3) The anterior margin of the frons has a pointed medial swelling in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8B4D64E2FDF8DD2270F8C4" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[924,1059,1865,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxostege" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clathralis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E2FDF8DD2270F8C4" box="[924,1059,1865,1891]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">L. clathralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13472A68FF8B4D64E553F8DE22C8F8C3" box="[1074,1179,1865,1892]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="54.[152,255,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[167,1417,609,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-216@54.[151,1435,597,1858]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 25. A, D) Head of Loxostege clathralis (Ḩbner) (A) and L. sedakowialis (Eversmann) (D) in lateral view. B, C) Female genitalia of L. clathralis (Ḩbner) (genitalia slide HA-2823, HMIM). E, F) Female genitalia of L. sedakowialis (Eversmann) (genitalia slide HA-2449, HMIM). B, E) Genitalia in ventral view. C, F) Antrum area. Arrows in A and D indicate the anterior edge of frons." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959209/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 25A</figureCitation>
); while in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8B4D64E46FF8DD26BDF820" authorityName="Eversmann" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedakowialis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E46FF8DD26BDF820" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">L. sedakowialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there is no pointed swelling at this area (
<figureCitation id="13472A68FF8B4D64E3DAF8FA2570F82F" box="[699,803,1901,1928]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="54.[152,255,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[167,1417,609,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-216@54.[151,1435,597,1858]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 25. A, D) Head of Loxostege clathralis (Ḩbner) (A) and L. sedakowialis (Eversmann) (D) in lateral view. B, C) Female genitalia of L. clathralis (Ḩbner) (genitalia slide HA-2823, HMIM). E, F) Female genitalia of L. sedakowialis (Eversmann) (genitalia slide HA-2449, HMIM). B, E) Genitalia in ventral view. C, F) Antrum area. Arrows in A and D indicate the anterior edge of frons." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959209/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 25D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336EDFF8B4D64E1F6F806279DF868" blockId="51.[151,1437,1653,2000]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
4) The brown marginal band of the hindwing is relatively broad in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8B4D64E2F3F8052212F80C" authorityName="Eversmann" authorityYear="1852" box="[914,1089,1937,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedakowialis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E2F3F8052212F80C" box="[914,1089,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">L. sedakowialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13472A68FF8B4D64E531F80622E7F80C" box="[1104,1204,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="52.[152,255,1886,1910]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-29@52.[151,1436,181,1862]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 23. A) Sitochroa urmiensis Alipanah, male. B) S. straminealis (Hampson), male. C) S. malekalis (Amsel), male. D, E) Loxostege clathralis (Ḩbner): male, Kerman, Baft (D), male, Kashan, Jehagh (E). F) L. sedakowialis (Eversmann), male (scale bar = 10.0 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959201" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959201/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 23F</figureCitation>
); in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8B4D64E585F805233FF80C" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[1252,1388,1937,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxostege" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clathralis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8B4D64E585F805233FF80C" box="[1252,1388,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">L. clathralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is narrower (
<figureCitation id="13472A68FF8B4D64E05BF8222791F868" box="[314,450,1973,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="52.[152,255,1886,1910]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-29@52.[151,1436,181,1862]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 23. A) Sitochroa urmiensis Alipanah, male. B) S. straminealis (Hampson), male. C) S. malekalis (Amsel), male. D, E) Loxostege clathralis (Ḩbner): male, Kerman, Baft (D), male, Kashan, Jehagh (E). F) L. sedakowialis (Eversmann), male (scale bar = 10.0 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959201" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959201/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 23D, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF036665FF8C4D63E1F9F8C9272DF819" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959201" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7959201" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959201/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" startId="52.[152,255,1886,1910]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1862]" targetPageId="52" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC336EDFF8C4D63E1F9F8C9272DF819" blockId="52.[151,1436,1886,1982]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8C4D63E1F9F8C9274CF8D1" bold="true" box="[152,287,1886,1910]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 23</emphasis>
. A)
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8C4D63E02CF8C9242CF8D1" authority="Alipanah" authorityName="Alipanah" authorityYear="2020" box="[333,639,1886,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Sitochroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urmiensis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8C4D63E02CF8C9244BF8D1" box="[333,536,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Sitochroa urmiensis</emphasis>
Alipanah
</taxonomicName>
, male. B)
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8C4D63E386F8C825A9F8D1" authority="(Hampson)" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" box="[743,1018,1886,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Phlyctaenodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="straminealis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8C4D63E386F8C8252DF8D1" box="[743,894,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">S. straminealis</emphasis>
(Hampson)
</taxonomicName>
, male. C)
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8C4D63E502F8C82369F8D1" authority="(Amsel)" baseAuthorityName="Amsel" box="[1123,1338,1886,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxostege" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malekalis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8C4D63E502F8C8228DF8D1" box="[1123,1246,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">S. malekalis</emphasis>
(Amsel)
</taxonomicName>
, male. D, E)
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8C4D63E1D6F81427D4F83D" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[183,391,1922,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxostege" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clathralis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8C4D63E1D6F81427D4F83D" box="[183,391,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Loxostege clathralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ḩbner): male, Kerman, Baft (D), male, Kashan, Jehagh (E). F)
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8C4D63E552F814230CF83D" authority="(Eversmann)" baseAuthorityName="Eversmann" box="[1075,1375,1922,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedakowialis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8C4D63E552F8142281F83D" box="[1075,1234,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">L. sedakowialis</emphasis>
(Eversmann)
</taxonomicName>
, male (scale bar = 10.0 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF036665FF8D4D62E1F9F8E12489F871" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959203" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7959203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959203/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" startId="53.[152,255,1910,1934]" targetBox="[156,1429,200,1872]" targetPageId="53" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC336EDFF8D4D62E1F9F8E12489F871" blockId="53.[151,1436,1910,2006]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8D4D62E1F9F8E12774F829" bold="true" box="[152,295,1910,1934]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 24.</emphasis>
Male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8D4D62E087F8E024E5F829" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[486,694,1910,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxostege" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clathralis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8D4D62E087F8E024E5F829" box="[486,694,1910,1934]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Loxostege clathralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ḩbner) (genitalia slide HA-2460, HMIM) (AC) and
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8D4D62E59CF8E02749F815" authority="(Eversmann)" baseAuthorityName="Eversmann" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedakowialis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8D4D62E59CF8E023CFF829" box="[1277,1436,1910,1934]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L. sedakowialis</emphasis>
(Eversmann)
</taxonomicName>
(genitalia slides HA-2446, HA-2824, HMIM) (DG). A, E) Genitalia and phallus in ventral and lateral views, respectively. B, D) Distal end of phallus. C, F, G) Fibula.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC336EDFF8E4D61E1A6FF00259CFEC2" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
Comparison the genitalia structure of these two species showed that they are very similar to each other in the male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="13472A68FF8E4D61E027FF2C2781FF72" box="[326,466,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="53.[152,255,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,200,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-19@53.[151,1436,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 24. Male genitalia of Loxostege clathralis (Ḩbner) (genitalia slide HA-2460, HMIM) (AC) and L. sedakowialis (Eversmann) (genitalia slides HA-2446, HA-2824, HMIM) (DG). A, E) Genitalia and phallus in ventral and lateral views, respectively. B, D) Distal end of phallus. C, F, G) Fibula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959203/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 24AG</figureCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B1CFF8E4D61E085FF2C24D3FF72" author="Amsel, H. G." box="[484,640,187,213]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="25 - 66" refId="ref61570" refString="Amsel, H. G. (1970) Afghanische Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Beitrage zur Naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwestdeutschland, 29 (1), 25 - 66, pls. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1970">Amsel (1970)</bibRefCitation>
noted that
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8E4D61E39EFF2C25DAFF72" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[767,905,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxostege" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clathralis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8E4D61E39EFF2C25DAFF72" box="[767,905,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L. clathralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a broader fibula compared to
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8E4D61E46DFF2C26ECFF5E" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedakowialis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8E4D61E46DFF2C26ECFF5E" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L. sedakowialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, we concluded that there is an intraspecific variation in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8E4D61E2CEFF48220DFF5E" box="[943,1118,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedakowialis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8E4D61E2CEFF48220DFF5E" box="[943,1118,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L. sedakowialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in this regard. We dissected
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD64FF8E4D61E1F6FE94275AFEBA" box="[151,265,259,285]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
with the same collecting data and external features, one with a narrow fibula (
<figureCitation id="13472A68FF8E4D61E51BFE9422A8FEBA" box="[1146,1275,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="53.[152,255,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,200,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-19@53.[151,1436,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 24. Male genitalia of Loxostege clathralis (Ḩbner) (genitalia slide HA-2460, HMIM) (AC) and L. sedakowialis (Eversmann) (genitalia slides HA-2446, HA-2824, HMIM) (DG). A, E) Genitalia and phallus in ventral and lateral views, respectively. B, D) Distal end of phallus. C, F, G) Fibula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959203/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 24E, F</figureCitation>
) and the other one with a wider fibula (
<figureCitation id="13472A68FF8E4D61E0CDFEB02443FEE6" box="[428,528,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="53.[152,255,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,200,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-19@53.[151,1436,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 24. Male genitalia of Loxostege clathralis (Ḩbner) (genitalia slide HA-2460, HMIM) (AC) and L. sedakowialis (Eversmann) (genitalia slides HA-2446, HA-2824, HMIM) (DG). A, E) Genitalia and phallus in ventral and lateral views, respectively. B, D) Distal end of phallus. C, F, G) Fibula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959203/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 24G</figureCitation>
). In both species, there is a sclerotized nearly triangular plate at the distal end of the phallus that is differently directed in each species (
<figureCitation id="13472A68FF8E4D61E399FEDC2591FEC2" box="[760,962,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="53.[152,255,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,200,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-19@53.[151,1436,181,1886]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 24. Male genitalia of Loxostege clathralis (Ḩbner) (genitalia slide HA-2460, HMIM) (AC) and L. sedakowialis (Eversmann) (genitalia slides HA-2446, HA-2824, HMIM) (DG). A, E) Genitalia and phallus in ventral and lateral views, respectively. B, D) Distal end of phallus. C, F, G) Fibula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959203/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 24A, B, E, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336EDFF8E4D61E1A6FEF827EDFE0A" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">These two species can easily be separated from each other based on the female genitalia structure. Their main differences are as follows:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336EDFF8E4D61E1F6FE4C243CFD9A" blockId="54.[151,1437,475,573]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
1) In both species, the antrum is nearly cup-shaped, but its sclerotization is different. In
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8E4D61E519FE4C2375FE52" box="[1144,1318,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedakowialis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8E4D61E519FE4C2375FE52" box="[1144,1318,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L. sedakowialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is more sclerotized posteriorly and mainly posterio-laterally and anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="13472A68FF8E4D61E2A6FE68221FFDBE" box="[967,1100,510,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="54.[152,255,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[167,1417,609,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-216@54.[151,1435,597,1858]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 25. A, D) Head of Loxostege clathralis (Ḩbner) (A) and L. sedakowialis (Eversmann) (D) in lateral view. B, C) Female genitalia of L. clathralis (Ḩbner) (genitalia slide HA-2823, HMIM). E, F) Female genitalia of L. sedakowialis (Eversmann) (genitalia slide HA-2449, HMIM). B, E) Genitalia in ventral view. C, F) Antrum area. Arrows in A and D indicate the anterior edge of frons." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959209/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 25E, F</figureCitation>
); in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8E4D61E5E0FE682358FDBE" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[1153,1291,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxostege" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clathralis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8E4D61E5E0FE682358FDBE" box="[1153,1291,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L. clathralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the anterior half is more sclerotized (
<figureCitation id="13472A68FF8E4D61E0BAFDB42431FD9A" box="[475,610,546,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="54.[152,255,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[167,1417,609,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-216@54.[151,1435,597,1858]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 25. A, D) Head of Loxostege clathralis (Ḩbner) (A) and L. sedakowialis (Eversmann) (D) in lateral view. B, C) Female genitalia of L. clathralis (Ḩbner) (genitalia slide HA-2823, HMIM). E, F) Female genitalia of L. sedakowialis (Eversmann) (genitalia slide HA-2449, HMIM). B, E) Genitalia in ventral view. C, F) Antrum area. Arrows in A and D indicate the anterior edge of frons." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959209/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 25B, C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF036665FF8E4D61E1F9F8CD272AF879" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959209" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7959209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959209/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" startId="54.[152,255,1882,1906]" targetBox="[167,1417,609,1837]" targetPageId="54" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC336EDFF8E4D61E1F9F8CD272AF879" blockId="54.[151,1437,1882,2014]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8E4D61E1F9F8CD2774F8D5" bold="true" box="[152,295,1882,1906]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">FIGURE 25.</emphasis>
A, D) Head of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8E4D61E0AFF8CC24CDF8D5" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[462,670,1882,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxostege" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clathralis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8E4D61E0AFF8CC24CDF8D5" box="[462,670,1882,1906]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Loxostege clathralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ḩbner) (A) and
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8E4D61E205F8CC22DDF8D5" authority="(Eversmann)" baseAuthorityName="Eversmann" box="[868,1166,1882,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedakowialis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8E4D61E205F8CC2250F8D5" box="[868,1027,1882,1906]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L. sedakowialis</emphasis>
(Eversmann)
</taxonomicName>
(D) in lateral view. B, C) Female genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8E4D61E002F8E8278CF831" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[355,479,1918,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxostege" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clathralis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8E4D61E002F8E8278CF831" box="[355,479,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L. clathralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ḩbner) (genitalia slide HA-2823, HMIM). E, F) Female genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8E4D61E5D6F8E826B1F81D" authority="(Eversmann)" baseAuthorityName="Eversmann" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedakowialis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8E4D61E5D6F8E82306F831" box="[1207,1365,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L. sedakowialis</emphasis>
(Eversmann)
</taxonomicName>
(genitalia slide HA-2449, HMIM). B, E) Genitalia in ventral view. C, F) Antrum area. Arrows in A and D indicate the anterior edge of frons.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC336EDFF8F4D60E1F6FF00253DFF5E" blockId="55.[151,1436,151,321]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
3) Length of the cestum (the sclerotized band running from the mouth of appendix bursae into the anterior ductus bursae) in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8F4D60E05BFF2C27BBFF72" box="[314,488,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedakowialis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8F4D60E05BFF2C27BBFF72" box="[314,488,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">L. sedakowialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is nearly one-fifth of the length of ductus bursae (
<figureCitation id="13472A68FF8F4D60E571FF2C2226FF72" box="[1040,1141,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="54.[152,255,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[167,1417,609,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-216@54.[151,1435,597,1858]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 25. A, D) Head of Loxostege clathralis (Ḩbner) (A) and L. sedakowialis (Eversmann) (D) in lateral view. B, C) Female genitalia of L. clathralis (Ḩbner) (genitalia slide HA-2823, HMIM). E, F) Female genitalia of L. sedakowialis (Eversmann) (genitalia slide HA-2449, HMIM). B, E) Genitalia in ventral view. C, F) Antrum area. Arrows in A and D indicate the anterior edge of frons." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959209/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 25E</figureCitation>
); in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8F4D60E5C5FF2C237BFF72" authorityName="Tarbinsky &amp; Milko" authorityYear="1996" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[1188,1320,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxostege" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clathtalis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8F4D60E5C5FF2C237BFF72" box="[1188,1320,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">L. clathtalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, its length is almost one-third of the length of ductus bursae (
<figureCitation id="13472A68FF8F4D60E39BFF482531FF5E" box="[762,866,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="54.[152,255,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[167,1417,609,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-216@54.[151,1435,597,1858]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 25. A, D) Head of Loxostege clathralis (Ḩbner) (A) and L. sedakowialis (Eversmann) (D) in lateral view. B, C) Female genitalia of L. clathralis (Ḩbner) (genitalia slide HA-2823, HMIM). E, F) Female genitalia of L. sedakowialis (Eversmann) (genitalia slide HA-2449, HMIM). B, E) Genitalia in ventral view. C, F) Antrum area. Arrows in A and D indicate the anterior edge of frons." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959209/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 25B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336EDFF8F4D60E1F6FE9424E4FEE6" blockId="55.[151,1436,151,321]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
2) The colliculum is half the length of the antrum in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8F4D60E38FFE9425CFFEBA" box="[750,924,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Botys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedakowialis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8F4D60E38FFE9425CFFEBA" box="[750,924,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">L. sedakowialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13472A68FF8F4D60E2CBFE942278FEBA" box="[938,1067,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="54.[152,255,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[167,1417,609,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-216@54.[151,1435,597,1858]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 25. A, D) Head of Loxostege clathralis (Ḩbner) (A) and L. sedakowialis (Eversmann) (D) in lateral view. B, C) Female genitalia of L. clathralis (Ḩbner) (genitalia slide HA-2823, HMIM). E, F) Female genitalia of L. sedakowialis (Eversmann) (genitalia slide HA-2449, HMIM). B, E) Genitalia in ventral view. C, F) Antrum area. Arrows in A and D indicate the anterior edge of frons." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959209/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 25E, F</figureCitation>
); in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8F4D60E53AFE9422B0FEBA" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[1115,1251,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxostege" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clathralis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8F4D60E53AFE9422B0FEBA" box="[1115,1251,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">L. clathralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is clearly less than half of the antrum length (
<figureCitation id="13472A68FF8F4D60E342FEB024F9FEE6" box="[547,682,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="54.[152,255,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[167,1417,609,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-216@54.[151,1435,597,1858]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 25. A, D) Head of Loxostege clathralis (Ḩbner) (A) and L. sedakowialis (Eversmann) (D) in lateral view. B, C) Female genitalia of L. clathralis (Ḩbner) (genitalia slide HA-2823, HMIM). E, F) Female genitalia of L. sedakowialis (Eversmann) (genitalia slide HA-2449, HMIM). B, E) Genitalia in ventral view. C, F) Antrum area. Arrows in A and D indicate the anterior edge of frons." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7959209/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 25B, C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336EDFF8F4D60E1A6FEF825D9FE2E" blockId="55.[199,906,367,393]" box="[199,906,367,393]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D6EFF8F4D60E1A6FEF82782FE2E" baseAuthorityName="Eversmann" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[199,465,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Loxostege" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedakowialis">
<emphasis id="B908EAFFFF8F4D60E1A6FEF82782FE2E" box="[199,465,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Loxostege sedakowialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is newly reported for the fauna of
<collectingCountry id="F36B767DFF8F4D60E234FEF825D5FE2E" box="[853,902,367,393]" name="Iran" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>