199 lines
19 KiB
XML
199 lines
19 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="21B2C1DB85AA23C72D57DF1BFE621796">
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<mods:title id="E5353C71A02DD39F6838A361B7432491">Emballonuridae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="60EA72C4049D278C729604C78D861CB5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="324AA5E85C8C56058C53387B8DE6393B">Bonaccorso, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="FCD60FFCE108464B9B5B574625BFD2C9">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="56204C3310E6EBC45FD8BA6E625B2103" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="E9ABD5417D78B5460180A9EFAE544B96">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="05BBC93D3559DF4906672D91DA6563E7">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4CAD373ED63F5BEB2C493C2341D395DA">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F3FCCC4B1487ED4E7E4E632167E6A018">Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7F1D4C3357808AA48D16447CB402610A">Mittermeier, Russel A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo id="0E3B8A22A3C1E6454B940C6C27F58E3D">
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<mods:title id="15B737DE85C9DB2F25E264798486E407">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="055E83CEAC2075703650DDB563181AF1" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3740269</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="106E7C1E165BDE1F378A20B8E2E78059" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D587F2FFDD4C16FF3B3753FCBEF35B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810799" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163435113" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810799" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F2FFDD4C16FF3B3753FCBEF35B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587F2FFDD4C16FF3B3753FCBEF35B" lastPageNumber="367" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDD4C16FF3B3753FD45FD88" box="[158,701,548,609]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDD4C16FF3B3753FD45FD88" blockId="18.[158,1157,548,609]" box="[158,701,548,609]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">
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<figureCitation id="13472A61FFDD4C16FF3B3753FF1BFD88" box="[158,227,548,609]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="18.[158,200,4437,4464]" captionTargetBox="[151,3442,179,4670]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="On following pages: 40. Lesser Ghost Bat (Diclidurus scutatus); 41. Isabelline Ghost Bat (Diclidurus isabella); 42. Lesser Dog-like Bat (Peropteryx macrotis); 43. Greater Dog-like Bat (Peropteryx kappleri); 44. Trinidad Dog-like Bat (Peropteryx trinitatis); 45. White-winged Dog-like Bat (Peropteryx leucoptera); 46. Pale-winged Dog-like Bat (Peropteryx pallidoptera); 47. Thomas's Shaggy Bat (Centronycteris centrali); 48. Common Shaggy Bat (Centronycteris maximiliani); 49. Proboscis Bat (Rhynchonycteris naso); 50. Greater Sac-winged Bat (Saccopteryx bilineata}; 51. Lesser Sac-winged Bat (Saccopteryx leptura); 52. rosted Sac-winged Bat (Saccopteryx canescens); 53. Antioquian Sac-winged Bat (Saccopteryx antioquensis); 54. Amazonian Sac-winged Bat (Saccopteryx gymnura)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3740275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3740275/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">37</figureCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FEA13753FD45FD88" box="[260,701,548,609]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">Short-eared Bat</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDD4C16FCA63753FB7DFD88" box="[771,1157,548,609]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDD4C16FCA63753FB7DFD88" blockId="18.[158,1157,548,609]" box="[771,1157,548,609]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFDD4C16FCA63753FB7DFD88" ID-CoL="33SQN" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[771,1157,548,609]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Cyttarops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="367" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alecto">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FCA63753FB7DFD88" box="[771,1157,548,609]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">Cyttarops alecto</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDD4C16FF383701F9F4FD64" box="[157,1548,626,653]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDD4C16FF383701F9F4FD64" blockId="18.[157,1548,626,653]" box="[157,1548,626,653]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">
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French: Cytarope furieux /
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FDA23701FD7AFD65" bold="true" box="[519,642,630,652]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">German:</emphasis>
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Dunkelgraue Kurzohrfledermaus /
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FBFE3701FB2FFD65" bold="true" box="[1115,1239,630,652]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">Spanish:</emphasis>
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Embalonuro
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FA2B3705F9F4FD64" box="[1422,1548,626,653]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">orejicorto</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDD4C16FC7137A0F916FD17" box="[980,1774,727,766]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDD4C16FC7137A0F916FD17" blockId="18.[980,1777,727,1296]" box="[980,1774,727,766]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FC7137A0FB67FD17" box="[980,1183,727,766]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">Taxonomy</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFDD4C16FB1B37A0F91FFD17" ID-CoL="33SQN" authority="Thomas, 1913" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1214,1767,727,766]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Cyttarops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="367" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alecto">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FB1B37A0FA30FD17" box="[1214,1480,727,766]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">Cyttarops alecto</emphasis>
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Thomas, 1913
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDD4C16FC73367BF9D7FCDA" box="[982,1583,780,819]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDD4C16FC73367BF9D7FCDA" blockId="18.[980,1777,727,1296]" box="[982,1583,780,819]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">
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<materialsCitation id="3B143CB9FFDD4C16FC73367BF9D2FCDA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2595781787" box="[982,1578,780,819]" country="Brazil" location="Mucajatuba, near Para" pageId="18" pageNumber="367" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="type">
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“
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<location id="8EA3603FFFDD4C16FC42367BFA6FFCDA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F2FFDD4C16FF3B3753FCBEF35B:8EA3603FFFDD4C16FC42367BFA6FFCDA" box="[999,1431,780,819]" country="Brazil" name="Mucajatuba, near Para" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">Mucajatuba, near Para</location>
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,”
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<collectingCountry id="F36B7674FFDD4C16FA1F367BF9D2FCDA" box="[1466,1578,780,819]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDD4C16FC713636FA44FC81" box="[980,1468,833,872]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDD4C16FC713636FA44FC81" blockId="18.[980,1777,727,1296]" box="[980,1468,833,872]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDD4C16FC703601FBFBFAAC" pageId="18" pageNumber="367" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF03666CFFDD4C16FC703601FBFBFAAC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3747970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3747970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3747970/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367" targetBox="[155,950,725,1284]" targetPageId="18">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDD4C16FC703601FBFBFAAC" blockId="18.[980,1777,727,1296]" lastBlockId="18.[155,1779,1310,3250]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">Distribution. Central America, locally in Caribbean lowlands from Nicaragua to Panama, and South America in Venezuela (Bolivar State), Guyana, French Guiana, and N Brazil (Para State), also in scattered localities in Amazon Basin (extreme S o lombia, E Peru, W Brazil, and N Bolivia). It might have a much larger distribution in the Amazon drainage of all these countries.</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDD4C16FF3E3026F951F96D" pageId="18" pageNumber="367" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDD4C16FF3E3026F951F96D" blockId="18.[155,1779,1310,3250]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">
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Descriptive
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FE273026FE09FA91" bold="true" box="[386,497,1361,1400]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 47-55 mm, tail 20-25 mm, ear 11-13 mm, hindfoot 10—12 mm, forearm 45-47 mm; weight 6-7 g. Dorsal fur of the Short-eared Bat is long, fluffy, and
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FED730C9FDFAFA0C" box="[370,514,1470,1509]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">entirely</emphasis>
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dark gray; venter is
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FC3B30C9FBDCFA0C" box="[926,1060,1470,1509]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">slighdy</emphasis>
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paler. Ears are broad and rounded, barely rising about crown. Chin is well haired and appears bearded. Flight membranes are black. Hindfeet are small. Thumbs are
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FC1A335FFBFDF9A6" box="[959,1029,1576,1615]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">tiny</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FBB1335FFB84F9A6" box="[1044,1148,1576,1615]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">Wing</emphasis>
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sacs are absent. Nostrils are tubelike and
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FE9A332AFE3DF96D" box="[319,453,1629,1668]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">slightly</emphasis>
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divergent. Dental formula is 11/3, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 32.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDD4C16FF3833E5FABCF54E" pageId="18" pageNumber="367" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDD4C16FF3833E5F980F8B1" blockId="18.[155,1779,1310,3250]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FF3833E5FED4F950" box="[157,300,1682,1721]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">Habitat</emphasis>
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. Humid lowland forests and along riparian gallery forests from sea level to elevations of500 m. In Brazil, the Short-eared Bat can occur along gallery forests lining small rivers in the savanna-like Cerrado ecoregion. It tolerates second growth disturbed by humans and forages near buildings and in oil palm plantations and gardens.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDD4C16FF383210FAC3F867" blockId="18.[155,1779,1310,3250]" box="[157,1339,1895,1934]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FF383210FE0DF867" box="[157,501,1895,1934]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">Food and Feeding</emphasis>
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. The Short-eared Bat preys on aerial insects.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDD4C16FF3832EBFED1F7C5" blockId="18.[155,1779,1310,3250]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FF3832EBFEB4F82A" box="[157,332,1948,1987]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">Breeding</emphasis>
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. A
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FE2832EBFDC5F82A" box="[397,573,1948,1987]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">pregnant</emphasis>
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Short-eared Bat was reported in dry season in Tocantins State, Brazil. In Costa Rica, females with nursing young and subadults are reported in June- August.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDD4C16FF3E3D4CFEB4F676" blockId="18.[155,1779,1310,3250]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FF3E3D4CFE26F78B" bold="true" box="[155,478,2107,2146]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Short-eared Bats are nocturnal and roost beneath fronds in palm trees including coconut and oil palms, usually in
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FBEB3D18FB0FF77F" box="[1102,1271,2159,2198]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">relatively</emphasis>
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open areas such as groves or gardens. Roost emergence starts c.45 minutes after sunset. Foraging usually is restricted to immediately around day roosts for 15—30 minutes, after which individuals disperse further from roosts while flying at least 3-4 m aboveground. Echolocation call is unusual among emballonurids: FM call remains above 100 kHz and is short in duration.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDD4C16FF3B3CD9FABCF54E" blockId="18.[155,1779,1310,3250]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FF3B3CD9FE7CF63C" bold="true" box="[158,388,2478,2517]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">Movements,</emphasis>
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Home
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FDB63CD9FCB4F63C" bold="true" box="[531,844,2478,2517]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">range and Social</emphasis>
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organization. Short-eared Bats roost in groups of 1—10 individuals.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FE413C95FDBDF5E0" box="[484,581,2530,2569]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">They</emphasis>
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hang freely
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FC893C95FCA1F5E0" box="[812,857,2530,2569]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">by</emphasis>
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their feet when roosting, near midribs of fronds. Roosting groups can contain adult males and females, subadults, and dependent young. There is evidence that roosting group composition is
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FAAA3F3BFAA9F59A" box="[1295,1361,2636,2675]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">not</emphasis>
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stable even over short periods of time, with different individuals moving into a group.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDD4C16FF3A3FC1F930F40C" pageId="18" pageNumber="367" type="conservation">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDD4C16FF3A3FC1F930F40C" blockId="18.[155,1779,1310,3250]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FF3A3FC1FD95F534" bold="true" box="[159,621,2742,2781]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FF3A3FC1FD9EF534" box="[159,614,2742,2781]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">Status and Conservation</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FB6F3FC8F9EEF533" box="[1226,1558,2751,2778]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">The IUCN Red List.</emphasis>
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The Shorteared Bat has a large distribution and
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FCFD3F9DFB26F4F8" box="[856,1246,2794,2833]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">presumably relatively</emphasis>
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stable overall population. Its rarity in museum collections, known from fewer than 30 global specimens and c.20 localities, is likely due to
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FDA23E23FCF7F492" box="[519,783,2900,2939]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">inefficiency of</emphasis>
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capture in mist nets. Additional studies are needed on its distribution, habitat,
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FDF83EFEFD11F459" box="[605,745,2953,2992]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">ecology</emphasis>
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, and threats.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FC403EFEFB7CF459" box="[997,1156,2953,2992]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">Acoustic</emphasis>
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surveys should produce valuable information to better understand biology and conservation status of Short-eared Bats.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDD4C16FF053E8EFCBEF35B" pageId="18" pageNumber="367" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDD4C16FF053E8EFCBEF35B" blockId="18.[155,1779,1310,3250]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FF053E8EFE92F3FD" bold="true" box="[160,362,3065,3092]" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FED33E8EFE19F3FD" box="[374,481,3065,3092]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">Aguirre</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FE503E8EFD4BF3FD" box="[501,691,3065,3092]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">Mammani et</emphasis>
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||
al. (2010), Fonseca et al. (1996),
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||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FB3C3E8EFAD8F3FD" box="[1177,1312,3065,3092]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">Koopman</emphasis>
|
||
(1993), Lim, B.K. (2009
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16F9243E8EF96BF3FD" box="[1665,1683,3065,3092]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">b</emphasis>
|
||
), Lim, B.K. &
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FEB5395AFE63F3A1" box="[272,411,3117,3144]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">Engstrom</emphasis>
|
||
(2005), Lim, B.K. et al. (1999), Nunes
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FC4F395AFBF1F3A1" box="[1002,1033,3117,3144]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">et</emphasis>
|
||
al. (2006), Reid (2009), Reid & Langtimm (1993), Rodriguez-Mahecha
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FE6E3915FE12F394" box="[459,490,3170,3197]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">et</emphasis>
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||
al. (1995), Simmons &Voss (1998), Starrett (1972), Starrett &
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||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FADE3915F9FEF394" box="[1403,1542,3170,3197]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">Casebeer</emphasis>
|
||
(1968), Tavares, Bobrowiec & Farias (2012),
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDD4C16FD8339E0FD44F35B" box="[550,700,3223,3250]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="367">Velazco et</emphasis>
|
||
al. (2011).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |