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<document id="EC9E35F11B4183C7203C7A7432C5CE21" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3740269" ID-GBIF-Dataset="34e4a5a6-881c-4a1a-b64d-6868e12df7fb" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3740269" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1586037971521" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bonaccorso, Frank" docDate="2019" docId="03D587F2FFC84C0CF82C33C3F98CF8C6" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Emballorunidae.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Saccolaimus saccolaimus Temminck 1838" docType="treatment" docVersion="20" lastPageNumber="357" masterDocId="FFECFF8AFFCF4C04FFA53577FFF8FFE9" masterDocTitle="Emballonuridae" masterLastPageNumber="373" masterPageNumber="350" pageNumber="356" updateTime="1698735528461" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2046AAD968F4BD7DCDAA4C60361DF86E">
<mods:title id="819F56A3EC64EE54378575E3BD3F326A">Emballonuridae</mods:title>
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<mods:publisher id="3213A7060260E48F23F2C48F9C3DAB72">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:namePart id="D4CE28CEEBD0A42DF42CEC0D60C3A4D0">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2624D8FC384702A8A0BFA9F804B9AD54">Mittermeier, Russel A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FBBD8478D92760842BED915AFC520084">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03D587F2FFC84C0CF82C33C3F98CF8C6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810731" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163435156" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810731" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F2FFC84C0CF82C33C3F98CF8C6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587F2FFC84C0CF82C33C3F98CF8C6" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="357" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC84C03F82C33C3F4C9F918" box="[1929,2865,1716,1777]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC84C03F82C33C3F4C9F918" blockId="7.[1929,3536,1716,1777]" box="[1929,2865,1716,1777]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
<figureCitation id="13472A61FFC84C03F82C33C3F832F918" box="[1929,1994,1716,1777]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="2.[173,216,4419,4446]" captionTargetBox="[177,3496,132,4697]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="On following pages: 4. Hamilton'sTomb Bat [Taphozous hamiltoni); 5. Hildegarde'sTomb Bat (Taphozous hildegardeae}; 6. Long-winged Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous longimanus); 7. Black-beardedTomb Bat (Taphozous melanopogoh); 8. Theobald'sTomb Bat (Taphozous theobaldi); 9. Indonesian Tomb Bat (Taphozous achates); 10. Arnhem Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous kapalgensis}; 11. Coastal Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous australis}; 12. Common Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous georgianus); 13. Hill's Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous hilli); 14. Troughton's Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous troughtoni); 15. Pel's Pouched Bat (Saccolaimus peli); 16. Bare-rumped Sheathtailed Bat (Saccolaimus saccolaimus); 17. Papuan Sheath-tailed Bat (Saccolaimus mixtus); 18. Yellow-bellied Sheath-tailed Bat (Saccolaimus flaviventris)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3740271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3740271/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F82C33C3F832F918" bold="true" box="[1929,1994,1716,1777]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">16</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F84D33C3F4C9F918" box="[2024,2865,1716,1777]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">Bare-rumped Sheath-tailed Bat</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC84C03F4D633C3F228F918" box="[2931,3536,1716,1777]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC84C03F4D633C3F228F918" blockId="7.[1929,3536,1716,1777]" box="[2931,3536,1716,1777]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC84C03F4D633C3F228F918" ID-CoL="4TX5H" authority="(Temminck, 1838)" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" box="[2931,3536,1716,1777]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Saccolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saccolaimus">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F4D633C3F228F918" box="[2931,3536,1716,1777]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">Saccolaimus saccolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC84C03F8203274F4C7F86C" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC84C03F8203274F2CFF8F3" blockId="7.[1925,3497,1791,1925]" box="[1925,3383,1791,1818]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
French:Taphien
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F7C63388F6E2F8F3" box="[2147,2330,1791,1818]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">deTemminck</emphasis>
/German: Nacktbauch-Glattnasenfreischwanz/
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F4013274F3D8F8F0" bold="true" box="[2980,3104,1795,1817]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">Spanish:</emphasis>
Tafozo
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F3203388F2CFF8F3" box="[3205,3383,1791,1818]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">deTemminck</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC84C03F820324FF251F8A6" blockId="7.[1925,3497,1791,1925]" box="[1925,3497,1844,1871]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F820324FF72AF8A7" bold="true" box="[1925,2258,1848,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">Other common names:</emphasis>
Naked-rumped
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F6083243F5FDF8A6" box="[2477,2565,1844,1871]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">ree-tail</emphasis>
Bat, Naked-rumped
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F4953243F45AF8A6" box="[2864,2978,1844,1871]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">Pouched</emphasis>
Bat, Naked-rumped
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F31E3243F295F8A6" box="[3259,3437,1844,1871]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">Sheath-tailed</emphasis>
Bat,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC84C03F823321DF4C7F86C" blockId="7.[1925,3497,1791,1925]" box="[1926,2879,1898,1925]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">Naked-tailed Saccolaimus, Pouch-bearing Tomb Bat, PouchedTomb Bat</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC84C03F51F32BBF455F7C1" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC84C03F51F32BBF455F7C1" blockId="7.[2745,3544,1996,2564]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F51F32BBF47DF81A" box="[2746,2949,1996,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">Taxonomy</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC84C03F41232BBF45EF7C1" ID-CoL="7BGS" authority="Temminck, 1838" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saccolaimus">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F41232BBF2A0F81A" box="[2999,3416,1996,2035]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">Taphozous saccolaimus</emphasis>
Temminck, 1838
</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC84C03F4143D76F318F7C1" box="[2993,3296,2049,2088]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC84C03F4143D76F318F7C1" blockId="7.[2745,3544,1996,2564]" box="[2993,3296,2049,2088]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
<materialsCitation id="3B143CB9FFC84C03F4143D76F322F7C1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2595781818" box="[2993,3290,2049,2088]" country="Indonesia" location="Java" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Java" typeStatus="type">
<collectingRegion id="49B8F806FFC84C03F4143D76F3FFF7C1" box="[2993,3079,2049,2088]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">Java</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36B7674FFC84C03F3BE3D76F322F7C1" box="[3099,3290,2049,2088]" name="Indonesia" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC84C03F51F3D41F2A7F4A9" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC84C03F51F3D41F241F625" blockId="7.[2745,3544,1996,2564]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
There are differing opinions regarding taxonomic status of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC84C03F45E3D1DF316F778" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" box="[3067,3310,2154,2193]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saccolaimus">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F45E3D1DF3EAF778" box="[3067,3090,2154,2193]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F3823D1DF316F778" box="[3111,3310,2154,2193]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">saccolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Australia, and clarification is required.. W. De Vis in 1905 first described Australian forms as a full species
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F4383C7EF2B6F6D9" box="[2973,3406,2313,2352]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC84C03F4383C7EF2B1F6D9" authorityName="De Vis" authorityYear="1905" box="[2973,3401,2313,2352]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudicluniatus">Taphozous nudicluniatus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Subsequently, it was placed in the genus
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F2ED3C49F4FCF673" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">Saccolaimus</emphasis>
based on cranial, dental, and external morphology. R. E. Goodwin in 1979 and.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC84C03F51C3CAAF2A7F4A9" blockId="7.[2745,3544,1996,2564]" lastBlockId="7.[1923,3544,2577,4617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
T. Chimimba and D. J. Kitchener in 1991 synonymized it with
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F7593F66F46EF5D1" box="[2300,2966,2577,2616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC84C03F7593F66F652F5D1" box="[2300,2474,2577,2616]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Taphozous</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC84C03F6463F66F556F5D1" box="[2531,2734,2577,2616]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Saccolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Saccolaimus</taxonomicName>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC84C03F56C3F66F469F5D1" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" box="[2761,2961,2577,2616]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saccolaimus">saccolaimus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Some authors have considered
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC84C03F8223F30F78DF587" authorityName="De Vis" authorityYear="1905" box="[1927,2165,2631,2670]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudicluniatus">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F8223F30F78DF587" box="[1927,2165,2631,2670]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">nudicluniatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be subspecies of widespread
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC84C03F5463F30F424F587" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1838" box="[2787,3036,2631,2670]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saccolaimus">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F5463F30F502F587" box="[2787,2810,2631,2670]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F4B13F30F424F587" box="[2836,3036,2631,2670]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">saccolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F4793F30F41AF587" box="[3036,3042,2631,2670]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">,</emphasis>
but validity of subspecific status of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC84C03F78F3F0CF6E0F54B" authorityName="De Vis" authorityYear="1905" box="[2090,2328,2683,2722]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudicluniatus">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F78F3F0CF6E0F54B" box="[2090,2328,2683,2722]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">nudicluniatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been questioned. Melanesian and Australian populations are referred to subspecies
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F6823FC7F5E4F53E" box="[2343,2588,2736,2775]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC84C03F6823FC7F5EEF53E" authorityName="De Vis" authorityYear="1905" box="[2343,2582,2736,2775]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudicluniatus">nudicluniatus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and it is not clear if the Northern Territory population is part of the nominate form, although mtDNA studies showed limited
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F2AD3F92F22CF4E5" box="[3336,3540,2789,2828]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">differences</emphasis>
between Northern Territory and Queensland groups. Five subspecies recognized.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC84C03F8203E39F5A1F204" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" type="distribution">
<caption id="DF03666CFFC84C03F8203E39F775F2B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3747934" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3747934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3747934/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" targetBox="[1922,2715,2001,2557]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC84C03F8203E39F667F49C" blockId="7.[1923,3544,2577,4617]" box="[1925,2463,2894,2933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F8203E39F667F49C" bold="true" box="[1925,2463,2894,2933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC84C03F8223EF4F49CF443" blockId="7.[1923,3544,2577,4617]" box="[1927,2916,2947,2986]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F8223EF4F866F443" box="[1927,1950,2947,2986]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">S</emphasis>
. s.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F87D3EF4F7C9F443" box="[2008,2097,2947,2986]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">sacco</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F79B3EF4F75BF443" box="[2110,2211,2947,2986]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">awnus</emphasis>
Temminck, 1838 — Sumatra
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F5183EF4F4A6F443" box="[2749,2910,2947,2986]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">andJava</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC84C03F8223EC2F2EFF435" blockId="7.[1923,3544,2577,4617]" box="[1927,3351,2997,3036]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F8223EC2F866F435" box="[1927,1950,2997,3036]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F8173EC2F7BFF435" box="[1970,2119,2997,3036]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">s. affinis</emphasis>
Dobson, 1875 — Borneo and offshore islands including Labuan I.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC84C03F8223E9BF520F3A1" blockId="7.[1923,3544,2577,4617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F8223E9BF865F3FA" box="[1927,1949,3052,3091]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">S</emphasis>
. s.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F8783E9BF7AEF3FA" box="[2013,2134,3052,3091]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">crassus</emphasis>
Blyth, 1844 — S &amp; SE Asia from India (including Great Nicobar I) and Sri Lanka to Indochina and Peninsular Malaysia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC84C03F8223922F2EAF30C" blockId="7.[1923,3544,2577,4617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F8223922F866F395" box="[1927,1950,3157,3196]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">S</emphasis>
. s.
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC84C03F87D3922F642F395" authority="De Vis, 1905" authorityName="De Vis" authorityYear="1905" box="[2008,2490,3157,3196]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudicluniatus">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F87D3922F733F395" box="[2008,2251,3157,3196]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">nudicluniatus</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F7763922F6F1F395" bold="true" box="[2259,2313,3157,3196]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">De</emphasis>
Vis, 1905
</taxonomicName>
- New Guinea (including Yapen and Trobriand Is), Bismarck Archipelago (New Britain I), Solomon Is (Bougainville and Guadalcanal), and N &amp; NE Australia (Top End and NE Queensland); possibly also on Timor I.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC84C03F8223984F775F2B9" blockId="7.[1923,3544,2577,4617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F8223984F866F2F3" box="[1927,1950,3315,3354]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">S</emphasis>
. s.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F8713984F7D7F2F3" box="[2004,2095,3315,3354]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">pluto</emphasis>
G. S. Miller, 1910 — Philippines (Luzon, Catanduanes, Mindoro, Negros, and Mindanao Is).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC84C03F823382BF5A1F204" blockId="7.[1923,3544,2577,4617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F823382BF7EDF26A" box="[1926,2069,3420,3459]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">Present</emphasis>
also in Sulawesi, Moluccas (Halmahera I), Talaud Is, and Ternate I, but subspecies to which these populations belong are unknown. Distribution and boundaries of different subspecies are poorly known.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC84C03F820388DF3F3EF71" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC84C03F820388DF22AF013" blockId="7.[1923,3544,2577,4617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
Descriptive
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F7CC388DF721F1C8" bold="true" box="[2153,2265,3578,3617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">notes.</emphasis>
Head—body 88—100 mm, tail 22—35 mm, ear 16-21 mm, hindfoot 15-17 mm, forearm 68-78 mm; weight 40-50 g. Dorsal fur of the Bare-rumped Sheathtailed Bat is reddish brown to dark brown and irregularly flecked with white patches. Venter is white or less frequently dark brown. Rump, legs, and feet are naked. Males have
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F84D3BBAF6FBF11D" box="[2024,2307,3789,3828]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">well-developed</emphasis>
glandular gular pouch, which is
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F4DE3BBAF392F11D" box="[2939,3178,3789,3828]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">rudimentary</emphasis>
in females. Radialmetacarpal wing pouches are poorly developed. Short, broadly rounded ear is heavily ribbed on interior of pinna. Tragus is short, and its margin is semicircular.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F2B03A41F273F0B4" box="[3349,3467,3894,3933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">Wings</emphasis>
are long and narrow. There might be white translucent parts on black-pigmented wings. Other exposed body skin including naked legs and feet is reddish, brown, or black. Strong sagittal crest on skull diverges in postorbital region. Upper incisors are minute.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC84C03F823257FF3F3EF71" blockId="7.[1923,3544,2577,4617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F823257FF7E4EFC6" bold="true" box="[1926,2076,4104,4143]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F823257FF7EDEFC6" box="[1926,2069,4104,4143]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">Habitat</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Dry woodlands to rainforests from sea level to elevations of
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F37F257FF316EFC6" box="[3290,3310,4104,4143]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">c</emphasis>
.1200 m. In Australia, the Bare-rumped Sheath-tailed Bat is restricted to forested habitats and frequently occurs in hollow limbs of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC84C03F5A52506F3FBEF71" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1769" box="[2560,3075,4209,4248]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
Eucalyptus
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F56F2506F4EBEF71" box="[2762,2835,4209,4248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">alba</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F4852506F4D4EF71" bold="true" box="[2848,2860,4209,4248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">(</emphasis>
Myrtaceae
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F4522506F3FBEF71" bold="true" box="[3063,3075,4209,4248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F3A62506F3F3EF71" bold="true" box="[3075,3083,4209,4248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC84C0CF82325D2FD08FC0A" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="357" pageId="7" pageNumber="356" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC84C03F82325D2F698EEDF" blockId="7.[1923,3544,2577,4617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F82325D2F70CEF25" bold="true" box="[1926,2292,4261,4300]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F82325D2F714EF25" box="[1926,2284,4261,4300]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">Food and Feeding</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
The Bare-rumped Sheath-tailed Bat preys on insects high over gardens, woodlands, and rainforests. Audible low-frequency echolocation clicks are produced while foraging.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC84C03F8232433F263EDE0" blockId="7.[1923,3544,2577,4617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F8232433F7CDEE82" box="[1926,2101,4420,4459]" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">Breeding</emphasis>
. In Australia, parturition of Bare-rumped Sheath-tailed Bats occurs at beginning of wet season, and lactation occurs later in wet season (
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC84C03F3FB240EF264EE49" box="[3166,3484,4473,4512]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="356">November—April</emphasis>
in Northern Territory). Females give birth to one young. Three to four individuals are often found in tree hollows in Australia. Individual spacing is maintained in roosts.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC74C0CFF093404F94FFCE7" blockId="8.[171,1798,371,1843]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC74C0CFF093404FE24FE73" bold="true" box="[172,476,371,410]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
The Bare-rumped Sheath-tailed Bat roosts in tree hollows, rock
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC74C0CF9CF3404F902FE73" box="[1642,1786,371,410]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">crevices</emphasis>
, caves, and tombs; between large boulders; and under eaves of houses. Flight path is high and fest during foraging. Bare-rumped Sheath-tailed Bats are alert in roosts, clinging to substrates while supported by thumbs, wrists, and feet.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC74C0CFB0A3765FAF7FDD0" box="[1199,1295,530,569]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">They</emphasis>
scurry over roost substrate
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC74C0CFF0A373FFF34FD86" box="[175,204,584,623]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">if</emphasis>
disturbed. Echolocation calls are multiharmonic. There is sharp curvilinear downward sweep in frequency at end of long duration calls. Individuals from northern Australia have characteristic frequencies of 19-4-23-4 kHz (mean 20-8 kHz); whereas, in Brunei, frequency bands are 24-5-26-1 kHz. Calls have long durations of 18-25 milliseconds.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC74C0CFF08366AFD08FC0A" blockId="8.[171,1798,371,1843]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC74C0CFF08366AFC92FCAD" bold="true" box="[173,874,797,836]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">Movements, Home range and Social</emphasis>
organization. Colonies of Bare-rumped Sheathtailed Bats range from 3-4 individuals to hundreds of individuals. Contextual use of secretions from throat pouches of males is unknown, but they likely are used in social attraction of breeding females.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC74C0CFF083686FA96F9C2" pageId="8" pageNumber="357" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC74C0CFF083686FA96F9C2" blockId="8.[171,1798,371,1843]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC74C0CFF083686FD60FBF1" bold="true" box="[173,664,1009,1048]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC74C0CFF083686FD68FBF1" box="[173,656,1009,1048]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">Status and Conservation</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC74C0CFA973686FA89FBF1" box="[1330,1393,1009,1048]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">The</emphasis>
IUCN
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC74C0CFA5A3686F966FBF1" box="[1535,1694,1009,1048]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">Red List.</emphasis>
The Bare-rumped Sheath-tailed Bat has a large distribution and
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC74C0CFAFD3151F9CCFBA4" box="[1368,1588,1062,1101]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">presumably</emphasis>
large and stable overall population, uses multiple habitats, occurs in protected areas, faces no significant threats, and does not show evidence of declines affecting significant parts of the population. In Australia, it is listed as critically endangered under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act of 1999. It is listed as endangered under the Queensland Nature Conservation Act of 1992. In the Northern
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC74C0CFEC83012FDEDFA65" box="[365,533,1381,1420]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">Territory</emphasis>
, it is listed as data deficient under the Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC74C0CFE1230EDFE01FA28" box="[439,505,1434,1473]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">Act</emphasis>
of 2000. Surveys to find roosts and echolocation surveys to better understand distribution and foraging behavior would significantly help to increase knowledge of
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC74C0CFE123373FDBFF9C2" box="[439,583,1540,1579]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">ecology</emphasis>
, behavior, and regional population trends.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC74C0CFF0B3337F98CF8C6" pageId="8" pageNumber="357" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC74C0CFF0B3337F98CF8C6" blockId="8.[171,1798,371,1843]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC74C0CFF0B3337FE84F9B2" bold="true" box="[174,380,1600,1627]" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Bates, Harrison &amp; Muni (1994a, 1994b, 1994c), Bonaccorso (1998), Brosset (1963), Chimimba &amp;
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC74C0CFF0A3302FEC2F979" box="[175,314,1653,1680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">Kitchener</emphasis>
(1991), Corbet &amp;
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC74C0CFD9A3302FD92F979" box="[575,618,1653,1680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">Hill</emphasis>
(1992), De
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC74C0CFCB73302FCC6F979" box="[786,830,1653,1680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">Vis</emphasis>
(1905), lannery (1995a, (1995b),
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC74C0CFA913302FA40F979" box="[1332,1464,1653,1680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">Goodwin</emphasis>
(1979), Hall, Thomson &amp; Milne (2008), Heaney, Balete et al. (1998), Heaney, Gonzales et al. (1991), Koopman (1984b),
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC74C0CF9CF33DDF922F92C" box="[1642,1754,1706,1733]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">Lekagul</emphasis>
&amp; McNeely (1977), Milne (2002), Milne, Jackling et
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC74C0CFC2633A8FC59F913" box="[899,929,1759,1786]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">al.</emphasis>
(2009), Milne, Reardon &amp;Watt (2003), Molur et al. (2002), Sarker &amp; Sarker (2005), Schulz &amp;
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC74C0CFD343263FCE5F8C6" box="[657,797,1812,1839]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="357">Thomson</emphasis>
(2007), Simmons (2005), Srinivasulu &amp; Srinivasulu (2005).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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