treatments-xml/data/03/D5/87/03D587F2FFC54C0EFF163B4FF2B8F822.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

278 lines
24 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="EFBD1F0917989986EDF54A9532D4537C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3740269" ID-GBIF-Dataset="34e4a5a6-881c-4a1a-b64d-6868e12df7fb" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3740269" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1586037971521" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bonaccorso, Frank" docDate="2019" docId="03D587F2FFC54C0EFF163B4FF2B8F822" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Emballorunidae.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Emballonura alecto Eydoux &amp; P. Gervais 1836" docType="treatment" docVersion="20" lastPageNumber="359" masterDocId="FFECFF8AFFCF4C04FFA53577FFF8FFE9" masterDocTitle="Emballonuridae" masterLastPageNumber="373" masterPageNumber="350" pageNumber="359" updateTime="1698735528461" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="C07B153AA4EC05D946661F44A4453B61" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="4ABE1966DDEC0C84EAC94893B2C31C64">
<mods:title id="F3D73425DB7E965569507C6EA8C8418E">Emballonuridae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="618E7D6395CD061BC82076D04C233E2A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C5A226625A3F96F2A9983461E5DF9B40">
<mods:roleTerm id="753744C15F872AFF3E3009730C4107AC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F1111A9C54FD6954DBA7441377D8F2FE">Bonaccorso, Frank</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="637E2F6E1530CC5B6310050B513E99BD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="8C179F89E8ED3E7E8686F1C0BE6809DF" type="host">
<mods:originInfo id="2CCA2255753B270F8E94DF43B797EE7A">
<mods:dateIssued id="4ECF69A883FC558376909D01554A0211">2019</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateOther id="216FA6EA54340D8E167F93ECD9CCDF0A" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
<mods:publisher id="C7DA34D7043392C3984C0508B2308615">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
<mods:place id="265D9F12F50FF6B2A55450AD8BE05AA6">
<mods:placeTerm id="A2B282D4BC3698A9908ED5FE650E85C7">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:name id="D6520E77550CBAA140F0A8512FA9A7DE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="64EC379FC9CCCAEBC6BA8E8D37AF822C">
<mods:roleTerm id="84761A3E782F86AE55CB7EC3FEF2C929">Editor</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="477354C36B85E54FD6420E81A9AAA0FD">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="656EA01F034CD1435BEE1EA268785DB3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="10B6547F426D0EF79C5F5F9985A100F9">
<mods:roleTerm id="63E605E0B0A756C8EAA22983DCB39772">Editor</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="14C7E5D7ACD8932C56EF89748CD707FF">Mittermeier, Russel A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:titleInfo id="658A223B6C2668974FD153D2A7791F7F">
<mods:title id="C0730A86A73EA8B2899681A9761DA3E7">Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="0575601D241E16EF00161D58B37401B4">
<mods:extent id="544BD7D3E02FF09B9E0888FABD13B71E" unit="page">
<mods:start id="09177D549BA5FEE9748AF7655467F888">350</mods:start>
<mods:end id="B49D5B51EC5695A2748E86B3FEB52A0E">373</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="1489859ACB8EC5744B40899D754EB23A">book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="736C647AC796350959B9332AE0465A3F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3740269</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="635AEB059EE4885ABF71066DC74DE835" type="GBIF-Dataset">34e4a5a6-881c-4a1a-b64d-6868e12df7fb</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="795134321034F9FA16512263BD88E044" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8AD0DCE01803CE3ACE65C01FCE7761BC" type="Zenodo-Dep">3740269</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03D587F2FFC54C0EFF163B4FF2B8F822" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810721" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163435162" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810721" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F2FFC54C0EFF163B4FF2B8F822" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587F2FFC54C0EFF163B4FF2B8F822" lastPageNumber="359" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC54C0EFF163B4FFBB6F19C" box="[179,1102,3640,3701]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC54C0EFF163B4FFBB6F19C" blockId="10.[179,1654,3640,3701]" box="[179,1102,3640,3701]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
<figureCitation id="13472A61FFC54C0EFF163B4FFF01F19C" box="[179,249,3640,3701]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="10.[178,221,4453,4480]" captionTargetBox="[182,3472,151,4663]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="On following pages: 22. New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura furati); 23. Beccari's Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura beccarti); 24. Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura dianae); 25. Seri'sSheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura sertii); 26. Pacific Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura semicaudata); 27. Western Sheath-tailed Bat (Paremballonura tiavato); 28. Peters's Sheath-tailed Bat (Paremballonura atrata); 29. African Sheath-tailed Bat (Coleura afra); 30. Seychelles Sheath-tailed Bat (Coleura seychellensis); 31. Madagascar Sheath-tailed Bat (Coleura kibomalandy); 32. Dark Sheath-tailed Bat (Mosia nigrescens); 33. Chestnut Sac-winged Bat (Cormura brevirostris); 34. Gray Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx plicata); 35. Thomas's Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx io); 36. Ecuadorian Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx infusca)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3740273" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3740273/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">20</figureCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EFEBC3B4FFBB6F19C" box="[281,1102,3640,3701]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bat</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC54C0EFB2B3B4FF98EF19C" box="[1166,1654,3640,3701]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC54C0EFB2B3B4FF98EF19C" blockId="10.[179,1654,3640,3701]" box="[1166,1654,3640,3701]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC54C0EFB2B3B4FF98EF19C" ID-CoL="39FGB" authorityName="Eydoux &amp; P. Gervais" authorityYear="1836" box="[1166,1654,3640,3701]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Emballonura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alecto">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EFB2B3B4FF98EF19C" box="[1166,1654,3640,3701]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Emballonura alecto</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC54C0EFF143BFFFC1DF13A" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC54C0EFF143BFFF905F176" blockId="10.[177,1789,3716,3795]" box="[177,1789,3716,3743]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EFF143BFFFEEBF177" box="[177,275,3720,3742]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">French</emphasis>
: Emballonure des
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EFDB43BF3FD5BF176" box="[529,675,3716,3743]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Philippines</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EFD193BFFFCCFF177" bold="true" box="[700,823,3720,3742]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">German:</emphasis>
Philippinen-reischwanzfledermaus / Spanish: Embalonuro de Filipinas
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC54C0EFF143BCBFC1DF13A" blockId="10.[177,1789,3716,3795]" box="[177,997,3768,3795]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EFF143BCBFE06F13B" bold="true" box="[177,510,3772,3794]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Other common names:</emphasis>
Philippine
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EFD333BCFFCBDF13A" box="[662,837,3768,3795]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Sheath-tailed</emphasis>
Bat (
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EFC2A3BCFFC25F13A" box="[911,989,3768,3795]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">alecto</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC54C0EFF153A6DFA2FF0A8" box="[176,1495,3866,3905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC54C0EFF153A6DFA2FF0A8" blockId="10.[175,1793,3866,4337]" box="[176,1495,3866,3905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EFF153A6DFE86F0A8" bold="true" box="[176,382,3866,3905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Taxonomy</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EFE323A6DFCFCF0A8" box="[407,772,3866,3905]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Vespertilo {Nycticetus)</emphasis>
[sic]
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EFCDC3A6DFC2EF0A8" box="[889,982,3866,3905]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">afecZo</emphasis>
Eydoux &amp; P. Gervais, 1836,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC54C0EFA403A6DFE68F091" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC54C0EFA403A6DFE68F091" blockId="10.[175,1793,3866,4337]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
<materialsCitation id="3B143CB9FFC54C0EFA403A6DFE73F091" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2595781814" country="Philippines" location="Manila, Luzon" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="type">
<location id="8EA3603FFFC54C0EFA403A6DF902F0A8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F2FFC54C0EFF163B4FF2B8F822:8EA3603FFFC54C0EFA403A6DF902F0A8" box="[1509,1786,3866,3905]" country="Philippines" name="Manila, Luzon" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EFA403A6DF992F0A8" bold="true" box="[1509,1642,3866,3905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Manila</emphasis>
, Luzon
</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36B7674FFC54C0EFF173A26FE73F091" box="[178,395,3921,3960]" name="Philippines" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Philippines</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC54C0EFF143AF2FCF2F045" box="[177,778,3973,4012]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC54C0EFF143AF2FCF2F045" blockId="10.[175,1793,3866,4337]" box="[177,778,3973,4012]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EFF143AF2FEF5F045" box="[177,269,3973,4012]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Four</emphasis>
subspecies are recognized.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC54C0EFF143ACEF46FFE16" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" type="distribution">
<caption id="DF03666CFFC54C0EFF143ACEF46FFE16" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3749232" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3749232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3749232/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" targetBox="[1893,2692,365,927]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC54C0EFF143ACEFD33F009" blockId="10.[175,1793,3866,4337]" box="[177,715,4025,4064]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EFF143ACEFE2DF009" bold="true" box="[177,469,4025,4064]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Subspecies and</emphasis>
Distribution.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC54C0EFF153A99FBC9EF96" blockId="10.[175,1793,3866,4337]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC54C0EFF153A99FC5EEFFC" authority="Eydoux &amp; P. Gervais, 1836" authorityName="Eydoux &amp; P. Gervais" authorityYear="1836" box="[176,934,4078,4117]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Emballonura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="alecto" subSpecies="alecto">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EFF153A99FE7AEFFC" box="[176,386,4078,4117]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">E. a. alecto</emphasis>
Eydoux &amp; P. Gervais, 1836
</taxonomicName>
- Philippines (except Palawan), Talaud Is, Sulawesi, Togian Is, Banggai Is (Peleng), Raja Ampat Is (Gag), and the Moluccas (Sula, Seram, Ambon, Gorong,
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EFD2A252FFCB0EF96" box="[655,840,4184,4223]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Tanimbar</emphasis>
, and Kai Is).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC54C0EFF1525FBFA9BEF5A" blockId="10.[175,1793,3866,4337]" box="[176,1379,4236,4276]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC54C0EFF1525FBFCDCEF5A" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[176,804,4236,4275]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Emballonura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="alecto" subSpecies="anambensis">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EFF1525FBFE21EF5A" box="[176,473,4236,4275]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">E. a. anambensis</emphasis>
G. S.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EFDE325FBFD4FEF5A" box="[582,695,4236,4275]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Miller</emphasis>
, 1900
</taxonomicName>
- restricted to Natuna Besar I.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC54C0EFF1525B6FA04EF01" blockId="10.[175,1793,3866,4337]" box="[176,1532,4289,4328]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC54C0EFF1525B6FCA9EF01" authorityName="E. H. Taylor" authorityYear="1934" box="[176,849,4289,4328]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Emballonura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="alecto" subSpecies="palawanensis">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EFF1525B6FDDEEF01" box="[176,550,4289,4328]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">E. a. palawanensisE.</emphasis>
H. Taylor, 1934
</taxonomicName>
— Palawan and
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EFBD025B6FAF3EF01" box="[1141,1291,4289,4328]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Balabac</emphasis>
, Philippines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC54C0EF507341BF46FFE16" blockId="10.[2722,3529,364,937]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
<heading id="D08B8188FFC54C0EF507341BF230FE7A" box="[2722,3528,364,403]" fontSize="11" level="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF507341BF464FE7A" box="[2722,2972,364,403]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">E. a. rivalis</emphasis>
Thomas, 1915 - Borneo
</heading>
(including Anambas, Pelapis, and Karimata Is).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC54C0EF506377BF363FBFD" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC54C0EF506377BF363FBFD" blockId="10.[2722,3529,364,937]" lastBlockId="10.[1887,3525,951,1995]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
Descriptive
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF40E377BF3E4FDDA" bold="true" box="[2987,3100,524,563]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">notes.</emphasis>
Head—body 46-3— 48-5 mm, tail 11-6-17-4 mm,
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF28F3737F291FD8E" box="[3370,3433,576,615]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">ear</emphasis>
12— 13 mm, forearm 43-1-48-3 mm; weight 4-5 —7 g. Dorsum of the Small
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF2FE37DCF23EFD3B" box="[3419,3526,683,722]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Asian</emphasis>
Sheath-tailed Bat is
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF3B83795F325FCE0" box="[3101,3293,738,777]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">uniformly</emphasis>
dark brown to reddish brown. It has relatively large eyes. There is a small gap (diastema) between P1 and P2.
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC54C0EF3B136F5F302FC40" box="[3092,3322,898,937]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Emballonura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF3B136F5F302FC40" box="[3092,3322,898,937]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Emballonura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares the same dental formula with
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC54C0EF6F336C0F593FC37" box="[2390,2667,951,990]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Paremballonura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF6F336C0F593FC37" box="[2390,2667,951,990]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Paremballonura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF56236C0F4C3FC37" box="[2759,2875,951,990]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Mosier.</emphasis>
12/3, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 (
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF2C536C0F281FC37" box="[3424,3449,951,990]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">x</emphasis>
2) = 34.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF80E369AF806FBFD" box="[1963,2046,1005,1044]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">This</emphasis>
dental formula is found in no
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF5ED369AF54BFBFD" box="[2632,2739,1005,1044]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">other</emphasis>
genera of emballonurids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC54C0EF8C23155F4F0F921" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC54C0EF8C23155F3E3FBA0" blockId="10.[1887,3525,951,1995]" box="[1895,3099,1058,1097]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF8C23155F806FBA0" bold="true" box="[1895,2046,1058,1097]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF8C23155F80FFBA0" box="[1895,2039,1058,1097]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Habitat</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Primary and secondary lowland tropical humid forests.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC54C0EF8C23120F390FB97" blockId="10.[1887,3525,951,1995]" box="[1895,3176,1111,1150]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF8C23120F733FB97" bold="true" box="[1895,2251,1111,1150]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF8C23120F73BFB97" box="[1895,2243,1111,1150]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Food and Feeding</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bats are insectivorous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC54C0EF8C331FAF373FB00" blockId="10.[1887,3525,951,1995]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF8C331FAF7E6FB5D" bold="true" box="[1894,2078,1165,1204]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF8C331FAF7EEFB5D" box="[1894,2070,1165,1204]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Breeding</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Pregnant Small
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF6C131FAF637FB5D" box="[2404,2511,1165,1204]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Asian</emphasis>
Sheath-tailed Bats have been reported in April and June in the Philippines, but the complete breeding cycle is unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC54C0EF8C13180F81DFA56" blockId="10.[1887,3525,951,1995]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
Activity
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF7A13180F754FAF7" bold="true" box="[2052,2220,1271,1310]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">patterns.</emphasis>
Small
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF69E3180F65CFAF7" box="[2363,2468,1271,1310]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Asian</emphasis>
Sheath-tailed Bats are crepuscular and roost in cave entrances, including shallow caves and rock crevices, and under earth banks and buttresses offallen tree trunks.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF6173016F5ECFA61" box="[2482,2580,1377,1416]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">They</emphasis>
emerge to forage in deep forest shade well before sunset.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC54C0EF8C330BBF4F0F921" blockId="10.[1887,3525,951,1995]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF8C330BBF641FA1A" bold="true" box="[1894,2489,1484,1523]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Movements, Home range and</emphasis>
Social
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF5F230BBF4B5FA1A" bold="true" box="[2647,2893,1484,1523]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">organization.</emphasis>
Small
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF44430BBF3B5FA1A" box="[3041,3149,1484,1523]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Asian</emphasis>
Sheath-tailed Bats can occur in bachelor colonies and mixed sex groups of up to 20 individuals. They can roost in
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF7FD3341F741F9B4" box="[2136,2233,1590,1629]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">caves</emphasis>
with multiple other bat species including Lesser Sheath-tailed Bats
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF8CF331CF79AF97B" box="[1898,2146,1643,1682]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">(£. monticola')</emphasis>
, Fawn-colored Leaf-nosed Bats
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF513331CF53DF97B" box="[2742,2757,1643,1682]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">{</emphasis>
Hipposideros
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF40C331CF3B4F97B" box="[2985,3148,1643,1682]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">cervinus)</emphasis>
, and Small Melanesian Long-fingered Bats
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF69D33D6F6B0F921" box="[2360,2376,1697,1736]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">{</emphasis>
Miniopterus
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF58033D6F4F0F921" box="[2597,2824,1697,1736]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">macrocneme).</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC54C0EF8C333A1F246F88E" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC54C0EF8C333A1F246F88E" blockId="10.[1887,3525,951,1995]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF8C333A1F6CFF914" box="[1894,2359,1750,1789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF8C333A1F7D3F914" bold="true" box="[1894,2091,1750,1789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Status and</emphasis>
Conservation
</emphasis>
. Classified as Least Concern on
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF43B33A1F425F914" box="[2974,3037,1750,1789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">TÄ«</emphasis>
IUCNRed
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF30033A1F308F914" box="[3237,3312,1750,1789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">List</emphasis>
The Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bat has a large distribution and
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF48C327CF3F1F8DB" box="[2857,3081,1803,1842]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">presumably</emphasis>
large and stable overall population, although some local populations might be declining due to deforestation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC54C0EF8C3320CF2B8F822" pageId="10" pageNumber="359" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC54C0EF8C3320CF2B8F822" blockId="10.[1887,3525,951,1995]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF8C3320CF7CEF87F" bold="true" box="[1894,2102,1915,1942]" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Csorba,
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF71E320CF691F87F" box="[2235,2409,1915,1942]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Bumrungsri</emphasis>
, rancis, Bates,
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF5FC320CF539F87F" box="[2649,2753,1915,1942]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Helgen</emphasis>
etal. (2008),
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF42F320CF40DF87F" box="[2954,3061,1915,1942]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">lannery</emphasis>
(1995
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF3C0320CF380F87F" box="[3173,3192,1915,1942]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">b</emphasis>
),
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF337320CF2FAF87F" box="[3218,3330,1915,1942]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Heaney</emphasis>
, Balete eta/. (1998),
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF87032C7F7BCF822" box="[2005,2116,1968,1995]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Heaney</emphasis>
, Gonzales
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF74D32C7F6D5F822" box="[2280,2349,1968,1995]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">et al.</emphasis>
(1991),
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF60D32C7F62CF822" box="[2472,2516,1968,1995]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Hill</emphasis>
(1983),
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF5EB32C7F56EF822" box="[2638,2710,1968,1995]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Ingle</emphasis>
(1992), Rabor (1986),
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC54C0EF47332C7F3EDF822" box="[3030,3093,1968,1995]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="359">Tate</emphasis>
&amp; Archbold (1939a).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>