274 lines
28 KiB
XML
274 lines
28 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="43BBC2FACD2B65F2A4E22E1811F6F0ED">Emballonuridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="393063A44CD988CEA8C9AE633A0484C2" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="BFE50010D1B239F546B5BA987B9E1C52">Bonaccorso, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="C5007B32DA889846E8CBBD2CFCE0CFAE">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="D3F3B6919391BF24047E614ECAD1F3DA" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="13D33AAC5B04C26CE351C5D28DE4A820">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="8002FEFB3866B5EA2E8B73F3BE77E4B3">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:roleTerm id="BE126AA4D3D168366FA171C9F1DF8C3D">Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="AEF01886A9A8F0A47565A7B41FEF4746">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="551A8314D4ED2D27A6F32CFEB5818235" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8017989ED606EEC6B1870682ED55612C">Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2A8070CA75004C250F20F96783FFD3D3">Mittermeier, Russel A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo id="864D8B3C644869B446F92C83257C8A31">
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<mods:title id="0DA870E156822C90856DAD786BE6B419">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:classification id="6EBB8D8F22E29D33D3E628DD4ECA0584">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="03D587F2FFC24C0AF8DB3BECFAC2F083" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810703" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163435173" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810703" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F2FFC24C0AF8DB3BECFAC2F083" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587F2FFC24C0AF8DB3BECFAC2F083" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="363" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC24C09F8DB3BECF508F131" box="[1918,2800,3739,3800]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC24C09F8DB3BECF508F131" blockId="13.[1918,3376,3739,3800]" box="[1918,2800,3739,3800]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">
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<figureCitation id="13472A61FFC24C09F8DB3BECF83DF131" box="[1918,1989,3739,3800]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="10.[178,221,4453,4480]" captionTargetBox="[182,3472,151,4663]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="On following pages: 22. New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura furati); 23. Beccari's Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura beccarti); 24. Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura dianae); 25. Seri'sSheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura sertii); 26. Pacific Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura semicaudata); 27. Western Sheath-tailed Bat (Paremballonura tiavato); 28. Peters's Sheath-tailed Bat (Paremballonura atrata); 29. African Sheath-tailed Bat (Coleura afra); 30. Seychelles Sheath-tailed Bat (Coleura seychellensis); 31. Madagascar Sheath-tailed Bat (Coleura kibomalandy); 32. Dark Sheath-tailed Bat (Mosia nigrescens); 33. Chestnut Sac-winged Bat (Cormura brevirostris); 34. Gray Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx plicata); 35. Thomas's Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx io); 36. Ecuadorian Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx infusca)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3740273" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3740273/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">30</figureCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09F8403BECF508F131" bold="true" box="[2021,2800,3739,3800]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Seychelles Sheath-tailed Bat</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC24C09F4933BECF2C8F131" box="[2870,3376,3739,3800]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC24C09F4933BECF2C8F131" blockId="13.[1918,3376,3739,3800]" box="[2870,3376,3739,3800]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC24C09F4933BECF2C8F131" ID-CoL="X22B" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1868" box="[2870,3376,3739,3800]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Coleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seychellensis">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09F4933BECF2C8F131" box="[2870,3376,3739,3800]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Coleura seychellensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC24C09F8D93B9DF7F1F0DF" pageId="13" pageNumber="362" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC24C09F8D93B9DF7F1F0DF" blockId="13.[1916,3448,3815,3894]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">
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French: Emballonure
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09F73A3B90F737F0EB" box="[2207,2255,3815,3842]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">des</emphasis>
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Seychelles
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09F6CB3B90F681F0EB" box="[2414,2425,3815,3842]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">I</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09F6243B9DF604F0E8" bold="true" box="[2433,2556,3818,3841]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">German:</emphasis>
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Seychellen-reischwanzfledermaus
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09F4413B90F408F0EB" box="[3044,3056,3815,3842]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">I</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09F4523B9DF38BF0E9" bold="true" box="[3063,3187,3818,3840]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Spanish:</emphasis>
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Embalonuro de
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09F2F13B90F280F0EB" box="[3412,3448,3815,3842]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">las</emphasis>
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Seychelles
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC24C09F50B3AF5F4EBF034" pageId="13" pageNumber="362" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC24C09F50B3AF5F4EBF034" blockId="13.[2733,3527,3970,4536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09F50B3AF5F482F040" box="[2734,2938,3970,4009]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Taxonomy</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC24C09F4153AF5F4F4F034" ID-CoL="X22B" authority="Peters, 1868" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1868" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Coleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seychellensis">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09F4153AF5F2DEF040" box="[2992,3366,3970,4009]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Coleura seychellensis</emphasis>
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Peters, 1868
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC24C09F4853AC1F392F034" box="[2848,3178,4022,4061]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC24C09F4853AC1F392F034" blockId="13.[2733,3527,3970,4536]" box="[2848,3178,4022,4061]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B143CB9FFC24C09F4853AC1F39DF034" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2595781780" box="[2848,3173,4022,4061]" country="Seychelles" location="Mahe" pageId="13" pageNumber="362" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="type">
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<location id="8EA3603FFFC24C09F4853AC1F476F034" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F2FFC24C0AF8DB3BECFAC2F083:8EA3603FFFC24C09F4853AC1F476F034" box="[2848,2958,4022,4061]" country="Seychelles" name="Mahe" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Mahé</location>
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,
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09F4073AC1F39DF034" box="[2978,3173,4022,4061]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">
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<collectingCountry id="F36B7674FFC24C09F4073AC1F39DF034" box="[2978,3173,4022,4061]" name="Seychelles" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC24C09F50B3A9CF301EFFB" box="[2734,3321,4075,4114]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC24C09F50B3A9CF301EFFB" blockId="13.[2733,3527,3970,4536]" box="[2734,3321,4075,4114]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">
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Two
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09F4A23A9CF436EFFB" box="[2823,3022,4075,4114]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">subspecies</emphasis>
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are recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC24C09F50B2557F38CEEF3" pageId="13" pageNumber="362" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF03666CFFC24C09F50B2557F38CEEF3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3747956" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3747956" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3747956/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362" targetBox="[1911,2703,3964,4523]" targetPageId="13">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC24C09F50B2557F33FEFAE" blockId="13.[2733,3527,3970,4536]" box="[2734,3271,4128,4167]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09F50B2557F429EFAE" bold="true" box="[2734,3025,4128,4167]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Subspecies and</emphasis>
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Distribution.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC24C09F5162523F23DEF92" blockId="13.[2733,3527,3970,4536]" box="[2739,3525,4180,4219]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">
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. s.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC24C09F4A32523F342EF92" authority="Peters, 1868" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1868" box="[2822,3258,4180,4219]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Coleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seychellensis">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09F4A32523F42AEF92" box="[2822,3026,4180,4219]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">seychellensis</emphasis>
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Peters, 1868
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</taxonomicName>
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- NW Mahé I.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC24C09F50B25FEF3DCEF59" blockId="13.[2733,3527,3970,4536]" box="[2734,3108,4233,4272]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09F50B25FEF407EF59" box="[2734,3071,4233,4272]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Extinct on Praslin</emphasis>
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I.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC24C09F51725C9F38CEEF3" blockId="13.[2733,3527,3970,4536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09F51725C9F438EF0C" box="[2738,3008,4286,4325]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">C. s. silhouettae</emphasis>
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Thomas, 1915 — Silhouette I. Extinct on La
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09F4452584F3A9EEF3" box="[3040,3153,4339,4378]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Digue</emphasis>
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I.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC24C0AF508245FFD0FFE20" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="363" pageId="13" pageNumber="362" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC24C0AF508245FFD0FFE20" blockId="13.[2733,3527,3970,4536]" lastBlockId="14.[166,1793,364,3952]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="363" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09F508245FF407EEA6" bold="true" box="[2733,3071,4392,4431]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 55-65 mm, ear 14-15’9 mm, hindfoot 8-5-10’3 mm, forearm 51-9—56’4 mm; weight 10-2— 11.1 g. No data available for tail length. The
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09F54024B7F45DEE0E" box="[2789,2981,4544,4583]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Seychelles</emphasis>
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Sheath-tailed Bat is sexually dimorphic in size, with females larger than males. Dorsal and chest fur are reddish brown, and fur on venter is slightly paler. Eyes are large and conspicuous. Flight membranes are reddish brown.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC14C0AFF0C34A0FAB4F784" pageId="14" pageNumber="363" type="biology_ecology">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC14C0AFF0C34A0FBB8FDDD" blockId="14.[166,1793,364,3952]" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">
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||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFF0C34A0FEC0FE17" box="[169,312,471,510]" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">Habitat</emphasis>
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||
. Coastal boulder fields, native palm woodlands dominated by
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC14C0AF9AB34A0FD42FDDD" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Nephrosperma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="14" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="van-houtteanum">
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||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AF9AB34A0FE3FFDDD" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">Nephrosperma van-houtteanum</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFE45377AFD55FDDD" box="[480,685,525,564]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">Arecaceae</emphasis>
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)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, and marsh habitats.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC14C0AFF0C3735FED7FBA1" blockId="14.[166,1793,364,3952]" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFF0C3735FDE8FD80" bold="true" box="[169,528,578,617]" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFF0C3735FDF0FD80" box="[169,520,578,617]" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">Food and Feeding</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
The
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFDD83735FCC6FD80" box="[637,830,578,617]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">Seychelles</emphasis>
|
||
Sheath-tailed Bat feeds on insects. On Silhouette Island, the population at Grande Barbe roosts near marshes and feeds heavily on marsh associated
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC14C0AFE5637DBFBFCFD3A" box="[499,1028,684,723]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera (Ceratopogonidae)</taxonomicName>
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||
, with lesser proportions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC14C0AF9A237DBF90BFD3A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1543,1779,684,723]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC14C0AFF0F3796FE4CFCE1" box="[170,436,737,776]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
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||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC14C0AFD873796FD03FCE1" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[546,763,737,776]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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||
. A second population roosting in boulder caves near palm woodlands at La Passe feeds
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||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFCE23660FC0EFCD7" box="[839,1014,791,830]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">primarily</emphasis>
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||
in forest gaps. Lepidopterans dominate diet at La Passe, with significant proportions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC14C0AFBE1363CFAB6FC9B" box="[1092,1358,843,882]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC14C0AFA16363CF97EFC9B" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1459,1670,843,882]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
eaten in June-September. In December-March, true weevils in the
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFAC336F6FA23FC41" box="[1382,1499,897,936]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">family</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC14C0AFA4836F6FE65FC34" authority="(Coleoptera)" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" baseAuthorityName="Coleoptera" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Curculionidae (Coleoptera)</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the largest part of the diet, with reduced proportions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC14C0AF9B436C1F905FC34" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1553,1789,950,989]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC14C0AFF58369CFDF1FBFB" box="[253,521,1003,1042]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Rock overhangs are used as night roosts during pauses in foraging activity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC14C0AFF0C3122FC4EFB58" blockId="14.[166,1793,364,3952]" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFF0C3122FEA6FB95" bold="true" box="[169,350,1109,1148]" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFF0C3122FEAEFB95" box="[169,342,1109,1148]" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">Breeding</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Female
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFDAD3122FD30FB95" box="[520,712,1109,1148]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">Seychelles</emphasis>
|
||
Sheath-tailed Bats give birth and care for one young in the rainy season (
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFE5031FDFC5BFB58" box="[501,931,1162,1201]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">November-December</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC14C0AFF0231C8FBDFF910" blockId="14.[166,1793,364,3952]" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFF0231C8FE11FB0F" bold="true" box="[167,489,1215,1254]" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFE5D31C8FD40FB0F" box="[504,696,1215,1254]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">Seychelles</emphasis>
|
||
Sheath-tailed Bats hang down from ceilings of day roost caves but with all appendages clinging to rock substrates. They appear to roost
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AF9283182FEF4FAB8" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">exclusively</emphasis>
|
||
in boulder caves, with horizontal ceilings having stable cool temperatures of 25-9 - 28-7°C. Overgrowth of vines of invasive kudzu
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFB053029F9D2FA6C" box="[1184,1578,1374,1413]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC14C0AFB093029F9DCFA6C" box="[1196,1572,1374,1413]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pueraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phaseoloides">Pueraria phaseoloides</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC14C0AF99E3029F914FA6C" box="[1595,1772,1374,1413]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) that block ingress/
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFDA830E3FD7CFA52" box="[525,644,1428,1467]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">egress</emphasis>
|
||
from formerly preferred caves appears to cause roost abandonment. Abandoned roosts have been recorded from all four islands in the historical distribution. Foraging activity has been observed throughout the hours of darkness and at dawn concluding at c.06:00 h. Echolocation search calls consist of pulse sequences, with first harmonic peaking at frequencies of 39-2-41 • 1 kHz. These calls have narrow bandwidth and short durations (1-4-3 milliseconds). Search calls allow targeting of aerial prey from relatively long distances.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC14C0AFF0E3270FAB4F784" blockId="14.[166,1793,364,3952]" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFF0E3270FB94F8C7" bold="true" box="[171,1132,1799,1838]" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Colony size of
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFA3A3270F9A7F8C7" box="[1439,1631,1799,1838]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">Seychelles</emphasis>
|
||
Sheathtailed Bats in modem times appears to
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFC3F324BFC11F88A" box="[922,1001,1852,1891]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">vary</emphasis>
|
||
between two and 40 individuals. A single breeding male will form a harem that includes adult females and dependent young. On Silhouette Island, foraging movements, verified by two independent studies for the population occupying native palm woodland, never exceeded 320 m from the day roost. Insects in woodlands with intact understories were abundant so that this small population did not have to range farther from their roost cave.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC14C0AFF083D0CFB71F139" pageId="14" pageNumber="363" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC14C0AFF083D0CFB71F139" blockId="14.[166,1793,364,3952]" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFF083D0CFD69F74B" bold="true" box="[173,657,2171,2210]" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFF083D0CFD71F74B" box="[173,649,2171,2210]" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">Status and Conservation</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Critically Endangered on
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFA3E3D0CFA23F74B" box="[1435,1499,2171,2210]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">The</emphasis>
|
||
IUCN
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AF9C53D0CF903F74B" box="[1632,1787,2171,2210]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">Red List.</emphasis>
|
||
The Seychelles Sheath-tailed Bat has a very small known population of fewer than 100 individuals, which is declining, and all subpopulations are small.
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFA5E3D92F995F6E5" box="[1531,1645,2277,2316]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">Major</emphasis>
|
||
threats include introduced predators; loss of
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFC373C6DFBE2F6A8" box="[914,1050,2330,2369]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">habitat</emphasis>
|
||
, especially from drainage of marshes; and invasive plants that overgrow cave entrances. Historically, it was described as “very common in the neighborhood of the town of
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFBBD3CF4FB94F643" box="[1048,1132,2435,2474]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">Port</emphasis>
|
||
Victoria” in 1868 and appeared to be abundant up until the 1970s. Subsequently, in large
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFB133CC1FAFDF634" box="[1206,1285,2486,2525]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">part</emphasis>
|
||
due to collection of guano deposits in roost caves, population decline might have been as high as 90%. The only known remaining roosts that are occupied are caves at La Passe and Grande Barbe on Silhouette Island and two cave sites on Mahé Island: Cap
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFA823F20FA54F597" box="[1319,1452,2647,2686]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">Temay</emphasis>
|
||
containing 20-30 individuals and Anse Major with only 1—2 individuals. More recently, the roost cave at La Passe declined from 32 individuals in 2003 to 27 individuals by 2008. It was probably extirpated on Praslin and La Digue islands in the 1980s. The Nature Protection Trust of the Seychelles has monitored the known population ofSeychelles Sheath-tailed Bats since 1997, and this protection has resulted in a population
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFAB63E2BFA56F46A" box="[1299,1454,2908,2947]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">growing</emphasis>
|
||
from 18 individuals to 40 individuals in 2012. Catastrophic decline probably took place primarily in the late 1800s and
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFE623EBEFDDAF419" box="[455,546,3017,3056]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">early</emphasis>
|
||
1900s as lowland forests were cleared and converted to
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AF99D3EBEF8F8F419" box="[1592,1792,3017,3056]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">intensively</emphasis>
|
||
managed coconut plantations, lacking a shrub layer that formerly supported
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AF9D33E89F90DF3CC" box="[1654,1781,3070,3109]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">insects</emphasis>
|
||
. Invasive plants including the kudzu vine overgrowing cave roosts and abandoned
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFF153910FEB4F367" box="[176,332,3175,3214]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">coconut</emphasis>
|
||
plantations farther deteriorated suitable foraging and sheltering sites. Seychelles Sheath-tailed Bats are sensitive to disturbance of roost caves. Predation from introduced common bam-owls
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFCA339A7FC46F31E" box="[774,958,3280,3319]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC14C0AFCB739A7FC4AF31E" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1769" box="[786,946,3280,3319]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Tyto" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="363" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">Tyto alba</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in 1949 and feral cats also have contributed to declines. Conservation actions should include annual census of known roosts; seasonal and annual echolocation surveys at permanent monitoring stations; additional exploration of suitable habitat to
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFC82381AFC44F27D" box="[807,956,3437,3476]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">attempt</emphasis>
|
||
to locate additional roost colonies; frequent re-evaluation of status and distribution; legal protection of all known roosting sites and immediate surroundings; control of introduced bam-owls and feral cats; habitat protection of known feeding areas; public awareness campaigns; additional research into distribution, ecology, and threats; removal of invasive vegetation from existing and abandoned roost sites; and restoration of lowland forests via replanting native vegetation where plantations have been abandoned.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC14C0AFF173B92FAC2F083" pageId="14" pageNumber="363" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC14C0AFF173B92FAC2F083" blockId="14.[166,1793,364,3952]" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFF173B92FE7AF0E9" bold="true" box="[178,386,3813,3840]" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Ball (2004), Bambini eta/. (2006), Burgess & Lee (2004), Gerlach (2004, 2009), Gerlach &
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AF90D3B92F907F0E9" box="[1704,1791,3813,3840]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">Taylor</emphasis>
|
||
(2006), Goodman, Puechmaille eta/. (2012),
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC14C0AFC933A6EFC9AF0DD" box="[822,866,3865,3892]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="363">Hill</emphasis>
|
||
(1956,1971a), Joubert (2004), Monadjem, Gerlach eta/. (2017), Nicoll & Suttie (1982), NPTS (2003), Rocamora & Joubert (2004), Wright (1868).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |