243 lines
26 KiB
XML
243 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="CA17E6E10A31BB1B5C21A6F01007E1FC" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3740269" ID-GBIF-Dataset="34e4a5a6-881c-4a1a-b64d-6868e12df7fb" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3740269" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1586037971521" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bonaccorso, Frank" docDate="2019" docId="03D587F2FFC04C0BFF6B3F32F633F5A8" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Emballorunidae.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Cormura brevirostris" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="364" masterDocId="FFECFF8AFFCF4C04FFA53577FFF8FFE9" masterDocTitle="Emballonuridae" masterLastPageNumber="373" masterPageNumber="350" pageNumber="364" updateTime="1698735528461" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="C4855513CBDA8C6691DCF14F647A63BD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E6CC1E451B8A0B77C3401298E477FF54">
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<mods:title id="DD0AAE0A3810DACF448200D9354E863A">Emballonuridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="23E95F469769610A227F21676BFC2BB6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="62CC52F878C99862082E489E02CDDB66">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3BF2BA452F21CC955A24C6F86A0EA8C9">Bonaccorso, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="CFEEB00AC56DF4E31E76F8649E8DD8EF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="75A86B37B07C00C417DEBD046ACD3E51">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="FEB44AC49D1DCB1E47709896C2C17DCB" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="C940080D5B79BE00BCBC350E5DB1F843">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="9DCFCF7E58F1B42E39452BE5191775EC">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:name id="60F7675EEE4B54EA3F8BD41A748BE9C5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B41260E94F20A891F15042611829B74E">Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7E6EAEB0F40A139456D2CD2847E0939F">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="4B848AB62EB9AC9C8C1FF1376567C93E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="558F8BF9CA4469D965AEA612354552D2">Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="AD977EB702C2B4E16C27747EB3E28AAD">Mittermeier, Russel A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo id="182C06445E124324DB4E422145F47816">
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<mods:title id="38E1D278D725E13510B28B748B403F07">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:classification id="580BDED92C34792E98C46E1519FB0F5C">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1918DFF7F58F00BC7D577EED8C63530B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3740269</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F58BB39C458614EE342F09265DB69C49" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D587F2FFC04C0BFF6B3F32F633F5A8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810685" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163435179" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810685" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F2FFC04C0BFF6B3F32F633F5A8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587F2FFC04C0BFF6B3F32F633F5A8" lastPageNumber="364" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC04C0BFF6B3F32FC12F56B" box="[206,1002,2629,2690]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC04C0BFF6B3F32FC12F56B" blockId="15.[206,1579,2629,2690]" box="[206,1002,2629,2690]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
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<figureCitation id="13472A61FFC04C0BFF6B3F32FEEBF56B" box="[206,275,2629,2690]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="10.[178,221,4453,4480]" captionTargetBox="[182,3472,151,4663]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="On following pages: 22. New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura furati); 23. Beccari's Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura beccarti); 24. Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura dianae); 25. Seri'sSheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura sertii); 26. Pacific Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura semicaudata); 27. Western Sheath-tailed Bat (Paremballonura tiavato); 28. Peters's Sheath-tailed Bat (Paremballonura atrata); 29. African Sheath-tailed Bat (Coleura afra); 30. Seychelles Sheath-tailed Bat (Coleura seychellensis); 31. Madagascar Sheath-tailed Bat (Coleura kibomalandy); 32. Dark Sheath-tailed Bat (Mosia nigrescens); 33. Chestnut Sac-winged Bat (Cormura brevirostris); 34. Gray Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx plicata); 35. Thomas's Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx io); 36. Ecuadorian Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx infusca)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3740273" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3740273/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">33</figureCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BFE913F32FC12F56B" bold="true" box="[308,1002,2629,2690]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Chestnut Sac-winged Bat</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC04C0BFB943F32F9D3F56B" box="[1073,1579,2629,2690]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC04C0BFB943F32F9D3F56B" blockId="15.[206,1579,2629,2690]" box="[1073,1579,2629,2690]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC04C0BFB943F32F9D3F56B" ID-CoL="YFWS" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[1073,1579,2629,2690]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Cormura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BFB943F32F9D3F56B" box="[1073,1579,2629,2690]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Cormura brevirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC04C0BFF693FE4FC84F508" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC04C0BFF693FE4F962F542" blockId="15.[204,1690,2704,2785]" box="[204,1690,2704,2731]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
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French: Cormure des
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BFE533FE7FD9EF542" box="[502,614,2704,2731]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">souches</emphasis>
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/
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BFD253FE4FD03F543" bold="true" box="[640,763,2707,2730]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">German:</emphasis>
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Kastanienbraune Sackflügelfledermaus /
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BFA883FE4FA51F540" bold="true" box="[1325,1449,2707,2729]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC04C0BFA113FE7F9DFF542" authorityName="W.Peters" authorityYear="1867" box="[1460,1575,2704,2731]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Cormura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BFA113FE7F9DFF542" box="[1460,1575,2704,2731]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Cormura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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castano
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC04C0BFF693FBEFC84F508" blockId="15.[204,1690,2704,2785]" box="[204,892,2758,2785]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BFF693FBEFDE0F536" bold="true" box="[204,536,2761,2784]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BFD853FB1FCBFF508" box="[544,839,2758,2785]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Wagner's Sac-winged</emphasis>
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Bat
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC04C0BFBA63E5EFB33F46D" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC04C0BFBA63E5EFB33F46D" blockId="15.[1026,1821,2857,3424]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BFBA63E5EFB36F4B9" box="[1027,1230,2857,2896]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Taxonomy</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC04C0BFB513E5EFB3CF46D" ID-CoL="39FGF" authority="Wagner, 1843" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1843" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Emballonura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BFB513E5EFBBDF46D" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Emballonura brevirostris Wagner</emphasis>
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, 1843
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC04C0BFB4D3E2AFB58F31F" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC04C0BFB4D3E2AFB58F31F" blockId="15.[1026,1821,2857,3424]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
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“
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<materialsCitation id="3B143CB9FFC04C0BFB5C3E2AFB58F31F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2595781768" country="Brazil" latitude="-10.65" location="Marabitanas" longLatPrecision="1297" longitude="-65.38333" municipality="Bolivia" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="type">
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<location id="8EA3603FFFC04C0BFB5C3E2AFA1FF46D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F2FFC04C0BFF6B3F32F633F5A8:8EA3603FFFC04C0BFB5C3E2AFA1FF46D" box="[1273,1511,2909,2948]" country="Brazil" latitude="-10.65" longLatPrecision="1297" longitude="-65.38333" municipality="Bolivia" name="Marabitanas" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Marabitanas</location>
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.” Corrected by A. von Pelzeln in 1883 to “Baraneiva” and clarified by D.. Carter and P. G. Dolan in 1978 as “Bananeira (
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BF9AC3E8DF8E4F3C8" box="[1545,1820,3066,3105]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">approximately</emphasis>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE485023FFC04C0BFBA23947FB6EF3BE" box="[1031,1174,3120,3159]" degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" precision="925" value="-10.65">10°39’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE485023FFC04C0BFB103947FAA4F3BE" box="[1205,1372,3120,3159]" degrees="65" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" precision="925" value="-65.38333">65°23’W</geoCoordinate>
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), on the Rio Mamore (there forming the
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BFA0E3912F99AF365" box="[1451,1634,3173,3212]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">boundary</emphasis>
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between
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<collectingCountry id="F36B7674FFC04C0BFBA039EDFB88F328" box="[1029,1136,3226,3265]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BA7AC9EFFC04C0BFB7A39EDFA90F328" box="[1247,1384,3226,3265]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Bolivia</collectingMunicipality>
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), in the state of
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<location id="8EA3603FFFC04C0BF91E39EDFB74F31F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F2FFC04C0BFF6B3F32F633F5A8:8EA3603FFFC04C0BF91E39EDFB74F31F" country="Brazil" latitude="-10.65" longLatPrecision="1297" longitude="-65.38333" municipality="Bolivia" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Mato Grosso</location>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC04C0BFBA13873FA12F2C2" box="[1028,1514,3332,3371]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC04C0BFBA13873FA12F2C2" blockId="15.[1026,1821,2857,3424]" box="[1028,1514,3332,3371]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC04C0BFBA1384EFEADF214" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF03666CFFC04C0BFBA1384EFEADF214" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3747962" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3747962" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3747962/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" targetBox="[203,997,2857,3412]" targetPageId="15">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC04C0BFBA1384EFEADF214" blockId="15.[1026,1821,2857,3424]" lastBlockId="15.[204,1820,3436,4637]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
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Distribution.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BFB5E384EFA87F289" box="[1275,1407,3385,3424]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Widely</emphasis>
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distributed in Central and South America, from E Nicaragua to Panama, W of the Andes to NW Ecuador, and E of Andes from Venezuela and the Guianas to Amazonian Peru,
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BF9A138D6F9D9F221" box="[1540,1569,3489,3528]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">C</emphasis>
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Brazil and N Bolivia.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC04C0BFF6B3B7DFAC6EF43" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC04C0BFF6B3B7DFAC6EF43" blockId="15.[204,1820,3436,4637]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
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||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BFF6B3B7DFDDCF1D8" bold="true" box="[206,548,3594,3633]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 46-58 mm, tail 10—16 mm, ear 13-16 mm, hindfoot 5-8 mm, forearm 41-50 mm; weight 7-11 g. Dorsal fur of the Chestnut Sac-winged Bat is thick,
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BFEC93B03FE36F172" box="[364,462,3700,3739]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">shiny</emphasis>
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, and chestnut-brown, with underparts slightly paler. Fur almost reaches tip of nose, but lower face is naked. Subadults andjuveniles have black fur. Facial skin, ears, and flight membranes are black. Ear is oval-shaped, and inner surface of pinna is heavily ribbed. Tragus is broad and square-topped.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BFB3C3A65FAF6F0D0" box="[1177,1294,3858,3897]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Wings</emphasis>
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attach to base of toes. Both sexes have wing sacs, which are vestigial in females; in breeding age males, they are large with opening extending to edge ofwing and outward from body. Calcar is about twice as long as foot. Tail is short, with free end extending at most 3 mm above tail membrane; tail membrane extends well beyond toes when extended. Skull has welldeveloped sagittal crest that is more robust in males. Upper incisors are minute. Lower incisors are slightly larger and form continuous row between canines. Dental formula is 11/3, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 32. Karyotype is 2n = 22.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC04C0BFF6825CFF44EF8C2" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC04C0BFF6825CFFADBEE97" blockId="15.[204,1820,3436,4637]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
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||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BFF6825CFFE9CEF36" bold="true" box="[205,356,4280,4319]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BFF6825CFFEA5EF36" box="[205,349,4280,4319]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Habitat</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Along streams and forest edges in moist lowland multi-strata tropical evergreen forests from sea level to elevations of c.1000 m. The Chestnut Sac-winged Bat forages in small open spaces including forest edges and tree fall gaps, flying in long, slow, beats between ground level and forest canopies.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC04C0BFF6924FBF721FE10" blockId="15.[204,1820,3436,4637]" lastBlockId="15.[1916,3548,359,2631]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
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||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BFF6924FBFDCAEE5A" bold="true" box="[204,562,4492,4531]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
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||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BFF6924FBFDD2EE5A" box="[204,554,4492,4531]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Food and Feeding</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BFD3824FBFCB3EE5A" box="[669,843,4492,4531]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Chestnut</emphasis>
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Sac-winged Bat is an aerial insectivore that capably forages in cluttered space. When foraging in areas with Greater Sac-winged Bats
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BFF742481FDA8EDF4" box="[209,592,4598,4637]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
|
||
(
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC04C0BFF782481FDBCEDF4" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[221,580,4598,4637]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Saccopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilineata">Saccopteryx bilineata</taxonomicName>
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)
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</emphasis>
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or Lesser Sac-winged Bats (
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC04C0BFBC22481FAEEEDF4" box="[1127,1302,4598,4637]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Saccopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepturd">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BFBC22481FB78EDF4" box="[1127,1152,4598,4637]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">S</emphasis>
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||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BFB3D2481FAEEEDF4" box="[1176,1302,4598,4637]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">lepturd</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BFAB32481FAD1EDF4" box="[1302,1321,4598,4637]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">),</emphasis>
|
||
Chestnut Sac-winged Bats partition space by foraging higher
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BF5BD3410F4ECFE67" box="[2584,2836,359,398]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">aboveground</emphasis>
|
||
(5-10 m) or farther from vegetation in gaps and forest edges. It flies faster and in wider circles (20-30 m across) than the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC04C0BF82434A5F7BEFE10" box="[1921,2118,466,505]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Saccopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BF82434A5F7BEFE10" box="[1921,2118,466,505]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Saccopteryx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC04C0BF8DA3770F5B2FD70" blockId="15.[1916,3548,359,2631]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BF8DA3770F7D6FDC7" box="[1919,2094,519,558]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Breeding</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BF7EF3770F78AFDC7" bold="true" box="[2122,2162,519,558]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">In</emphasis>
|
||
Panama, female Chestnut Sac-winged Bats are
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BF3B93770F334FDC7" box="[3100,3276,519,558]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">pregnant</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BF2B73770F223FDC7" box="[3346,3547,519,558]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">April-May</emphasis>
|
||
but not in June—September. In French Guiana, females are
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BF39B374BF317FD8A" box="[3134,3311,572,611]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">pregnant</emphasis>
|
||
in August- September. Litter size is not reported.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC04C0BF8D837DFF347FA5E" blockId="15.[1916,3548,359,2631]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BF8D837DFF744FD26" bold="true" box="[1917,2236,680,719]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Chestnut Sac-winged Bats are crepuscular. Foraging activity begins at dusk and continues for 10-15 minutes, after which observers found individuals to fly above the
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BF7EC3666F729FCD1" box="[2121,2257,785,824]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">canopy</emphasis>
|
||
and disappear, perhaps moving to different foraging areas. Foraging in the middle of the night is rare, but a
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BF5623630F470FC87" box="[2759,2952,839,878]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">secondary</emphasis>
|
||
foraging period occurs shortly before dawn. The Chestnut Sac-winged Bat roosts in tree hollows of living, rotting, and fallen trees and under concrete bridges. One group clung to underside of a large leaf of South American traveler’s palm
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BF5943690F3B5FBE7" box="[2609,3149,999,1038]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
|
||
{
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC04C0BF5E43690F3BFFBE7" box="[2625,3143,999,1038]" class="Liliopsida" family="Strelitziaceae" genus="Phenakospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guyannense">Phenakospermum guyannense</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC04C0BF3FA3690F29DFBE7" authorityName="Hutchinson" authorityYear="1934" baseAuthorityName="K.Schum." box="[3167,3429,999,1038]" class="Liliopsida" family="Strelitziaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Strelitziaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The Chestnut Sac-winged Bat emits search-phase echolocation calls in triplet pulses, with each
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BF8443126F742FB91" box="[2017,2234,1105,1144]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">subsequent</emphasis>
|
||
sound pulse 2-3 kHz higher than the preceding pulse. First pulse has mean
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BF85131F2F74BFB45" box="[2036,2227,1157,1196]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">frequency</emphasis>
|
||
of 25-4 kHz that rises to 28-7 kHz and 32-1 kHz on second and third pulses, respectively. Mean durations of these pulses are 5—10 milliseconds, and mean pulse intervals are 84-102 milliseconds. Chestnut Sac-winged Bats use search calls with components that are dominated by narrowband and small FM parts. These characteristics are well suited for detection of flying insects from
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BF431302CF3C6FA6B" box="[2964,3134,1371,1410]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">relatively</emphasis>
|
||
long-range detection distances, and similarly used by other members of the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC04C0BF44D30E7F342FA5E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[3048,3258,1424,1463]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Diclidurini">Diclidurini</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC04C0BF8D830B1F44EF8C2" blockId="15.[1916,3548,359,2631]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BF8D830B1F4C1FA04" bold="true" box="[1917,2873,1478,1517]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Chestnut Sac-winged Bats roost in small groups. In French Guiana, roosting groups consisted of 2-5 individuals clustered in compact masses, with individuals touching each other back to belly in a stacked formation. Roosting groups in French Guinea sometimes consisted of more than one adult male but never more than one adult female. Females are able to locate young by contact calls emitted by young, which have been experimentally documented by a mother coming to a captive offspring held in a cloth bag.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC04C0BF8D8324EF516F641" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC04C0BF8D8324EF516F641" blockId="15.[1916,3548,359,2631]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BF8D8324EF6ACF889" bold="true" box="[1917,2388,1849,1888]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BF8D8324EF6B4F889" box="[1917,2380,1849,1888]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Status and Conservation</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on 77/r
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BF451324EF303F889" box="[3060,3323,1849,1888]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">IUCNRed List.</emphasis>
|
||
The Chestnut Sac-winged Bat has a large distribution, and there is no evidence of rapid population decline. In general, deforestation is a threat; however, taken in context of its large area of endemism, that threat is not presently a serious concern, especially because it occurs in protected reserves throughout its distribution. Chestnut Sac-winged Bats are locally common in the Amazon Basin and uncommon in Central America lowland moist and wet forests, but it is not well studied because of limitations of
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BF2B63D0FF297F776" box="[3347,3439,2168,2207]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">early</emphasis>
|
||
field investigations. As acoustic detection methodology is now becoming more common in Central America and South American, and such surveys likely will
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BF33C3D96F2D2F6E1" box="[3225,3370,2273,2312]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">provide</emphasis>
|
||
valuable insight on distribution and ecology of the Chestnut Sac-winged Bat Its distribution follows areas of moist lowland forests, but due to loss of these forests, it might no longer occur in southernmost parts of its distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC04C0BF8DB3CCAF633F5A8" pageId="15" pageNumber="364" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC04C0BF8DB3CCAF633F5A8" blockId="15.[1916,3548,359,2631]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BF8DB3CCAF7B6F631" bold="true" box="[1918,2126,2493,2520]" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Barclay (1983), Bernard (2003), Carter & Dolan (1978), Emmons & eer (1997), Fleming eta/. (1972), Hood & Gardner (2008), Kalko (1995a),
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BF5963C86F565F5E5" box="[2611,2717,2545,2572]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Linares</emphasis>
|
||
(1998), von Pelzeln (1883), Peters (1867a), Reid (2009), Simmons &
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC04C0BF7943F51F78FF5A8" box="[2097,2167,2598,2625]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="364">Voss</emphasis>
|
||
(1998), Wagner (1843).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |