686 lines
90 KiB
XML
686 lines
90 KiB
XML
<document id="7E5AB682E766891188BA91B20BD3F5A2" ID-CLB-Dataset="22081" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2018.490" ID-GBIF-Dataset="52356089-4633-4477-99c9-45f18606f5b9" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3830845" ID-ZooBank="BE023137-CC5E-4DC5-94F6-B549BB140361" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1589637568005" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Koromyslova, Anna V., Taylor, Paul D., Martha, Silviu O. & Riley, Matthew" docDate="2018" docId="03D587D79665FFB6F31DF9F7FD57FCFA" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-490_koromyslova_taylor_martha_riley.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 490" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Rhagasostoma angliae Brydone 1936" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FFECFFAF9676FFAEF12BFFD3FFE7FF87" masterDocTitle="Rhagasostoma (Bryozoa) from the Late Cretaceous of Eurasia: taxonomic revision, stratigraphy and palaeobiogeography" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1737731255881" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="5DF5130C35F1252645F8CA71D55B9A90">Rhagasostoma (Bryozoa) from the Late Cretaceous of Eurasia: taxonomic revision, stratigraphy and palaeobiogeography</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A8194D24740C1D79CCAD3866D3E2A14E">Koromyslova, Anna V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1EB3CF4D5D3D15D67689C4EA30B0EB13">Borissiak Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, Profsoyuznaya st. 123, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation. Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK. Senckenberg Forschungsinstitute und Naturmuseun, Sektion Marine Evertebraten III (Bryozoologie), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. The Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, UK.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="206E012F7F8CC538541491D602B24226" type="email">koromyslova.anna@mail.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="2001AC6071DCDB1EA53AB3BDC751651C">Taylor, Paul D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="31BD018E4F74EB53BE8B57F9F3146B79" type="email">p.taylor@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="60D0416FF8BBC46D32C03E2A19D7FD37">Martha, Silviu O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8E32EB25E661885BEE043BFED55453BC">Riley, Matthew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4A19E9BAD586AB0814ABCB5A98C886DA">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03D587D79665FFB6F31DF9F7FD57FCFA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3849966" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164165740" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3849966" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587D79665FFB6F31DF9F7FD57FCFA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587D79665FFB6F31DF9F7FD57FCFA" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" scope_family="Onychocellidae" scope_order="Cheilostomata" scope_phylum="Bryozoa" scope_superFamily="Microporoidea">
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<subSubSection id="C366654A9665FFBDF31DF9F7FC19F9B9" box="[566,1022,1572,1599]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC336C19665FFBDF31DF9F7FC19F9B9" blockId="19.[566,1022,1572,1634]" box="[566,1022,1572,1599]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="D08B81AD9665FFBDF31DF9F7FC19F9B9" box="[566,1022,1572,1599]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D429665FFBDF31DF9F7FC19F9B9" ID-CoL="86RG9" authority="Brydone, 1936" authorityName="Brydone" authorityYear="1936" box="[566,1022,1572,1599]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Rhagasostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angliae">
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<emphasis id="B908EAD39665FFBDF31DF9F7FCAEF9B8" bold="true" box="[566,841,1572,1599]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rhagasostoma angliae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B309665FFBDF27BF9F6FC19F9B9" author="Brydone R. M." box="[848,1022,1572,1599]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref30015" refString="Brydone R. M. 1936. Further Notes on New or Imperfectly Known Chalk Polyzoa. Part III. (Semieschara, Micropora, Cryptostoma, etc.). Dulau and Co., London." type="book" year="1936">Brydone, 1936</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366654A9665FFBDF39FF99BFC98F9E5" box="[692,895,1608,1634]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC336C19665FFBDF39FF99BFC98F9E5" blockId="19.[566,1022,1572,1634]" box="[692,895,1608,1634]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<figureCitation id="13472A449665FFBDF39FF99BFCFAF9E5" box="[692,797,1608,1634]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="21.[188,231,1741,1767]" captionStartId-1="22.[189,232,1741,1767]" captionTargetBox-0="[234,1353,265,1689]" captionTargetBox-1="[194,1394,265,1705]" captionTargetId-0="figure@21.[234,1353,265,1689]" captionTargetId-1="figure@22.[194,1394,265,1705]" captionTargetPageId-0="21" captionTargetPageId-1="22" captionText-0="Fig. 8. Rhagasostoma angliae (Brydone, 1936). A–E. Lectotype, SM B36877, Middle Campanian (Belemnitella mucronata Zone) of Hartford, Norwich, Norfolk, England, UK. A. Overview of encrusting colony. B. Early astogeny, ancestrula arrowed. C. Growing edge, avicularia and some autozooids with peripheral caverns surrounding the cryptocyst. D. Autozooids and avicularia. E. Avicularium with peripheral caverns surrounding the cryptocyst and non-ovicellate autozooids. F–H. Paralectotype, SM B36879, early Maastrichtian (Ostrea lunata Zone) of Trimingham, Norfolk, England, UK. F. Erect bifoliate colony. G. Non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. H. Avicularia and non-ovicellate autozooids. Scale bars: A, F = 1 mm; B, E, H = 100 µm; C–D, G = 200 µm." captionText-1="Fig. 9. Rhagasostoma angliae Brydone, 1936. A–C. SM B36671, Middle Campanian (Belemnitella mucronata Zone), Weybourne, Norfolk, England, UK. A. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. B. Nonovicellate autozooids and avicularia. C. Opesiae of non-ovicellate autozooids with distal shelf and avicularium. D–E. SMF 29914, Late Campanian of Vigny, Île-de-France, France. D. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. E. Non-ovicellate and one ovicellate (with partially broken ooecium, arrowed) autozooids and avicularia. F–G. SMF 26288, early Maastrichtian of Hemmor, Germany. F. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. G. Non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. Scale bars: A, D = 1 mm; B, G = 200 µm; C = 100 µm; E = 300 µm; F = 2 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830861" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830863" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3830861/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3830863/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 8–9</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6FE037A9665FFBDF203F99BFC98F9E5" box="[808,895,1608,1634]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="23.[189,258,268,294]" captionTargetBox="[217,1319,424,1876]" captionTargetId="graphics@23.[189,1398,600,1885]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Table 4. Summary of measurements of Rhagasostoma angliae Brydone, 1936. For each parameter the range is given with the number of measurements in brackets. The arithmetic mean is given ± standard deviation. All measurements in µm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0366499661FFB9F196FEDFFD87FEEB" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" tableUuid="DF0366499661FFB9F196FEDFFD87FEEB">Table 4</tableCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C366654A9665FFBDF196F95AFB8BF8A1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336C19665FFBDF196F95AFB74F924" blockId="19.[189,1171,1673,1700]" box="[189,1171,1673,1700]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D429665FFBDF196F95AFCC6F924" ID-CoL="86RG9" authority="Brydone, 1936" authorityName="Brydone" authorityYear="1936" box="[189,801,1673,1700]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Rhagasostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="variety" species="inelegans" variety="angliae">
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<emphasis id="B908EAD39665FFBDF196F95AFE06F924" box="[189,481,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rhagasostoma inelegans</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="B908EAD39665FFBDF330F95AFD8CF924" box="[539,619,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">angliae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B309665FFBDF358F95AFCC6F924" author="Brydone R. M." box="[627,801,1673,1699]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref30015" refString="Brydone R. M. 1936. Further Notes on New or Imperfectly Known Chalk Polyzoa. Part III. (Semieschara, Micropora, Cryptostoma, etc.). Dulau and Co., London." type="book" year="1936">Brydone, 1936</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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pars: 74, pl. 35, figs 4,?5, 6–7.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336C19665FFBDF196F918FC31F962" blockId="19.[189,982,1739,1766]" box="[189,982,1739,1766]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D429665FFBDF196F918FD45F961" ID-CoL="86NQ6" authority="(Goldfuss, 1826)" baseAuthorityName="Goldfuss" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[189,674,1739,1766]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Onychocella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
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<emphasis id="B908EAD39665FFBDF196F918FE32F962" box="[189,469,1739,1765]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Onychocella dichotoma</emphasis>
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(Goldfuss, 1826)
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B309665FFBDF394F918FCA2F962" author="Voigt E." box="[703,837,1739,1765]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref32674" refString="Voigt E. 1949. Cheilostome Bryozoen aus der Quadratenkreide Nordwestdeutschlands. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Staatsinstitut in Hamburg 19: 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1949">Voigt 1949</bibRefCitation>
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: pl. 8, fig. 3.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336C19665FFBDF196F8DEFB8BF8A1" blockId="19.[189,1132,1804,1831]" box="[189,1132,1804,1831]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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||
non
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D429665FFBDF1DBF8DFFD78F8A1" authorityName="Brydone" authorityYear="1936" box="[240,671,1804,1831]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Rhagasostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="variety" species="inelegans" variety="angliae">
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<emphasis id="B908EAD39665FFBDF1DBF8DFFDF3F8A1" box="[240,532,1804,1830]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rhagasostoma inelegans</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="B908EAD39665FFBDF364F8DFFD78F8A1" box="[591,671,1804,1830]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">angliae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
–
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<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B309665FFBDF397F8DFFC84F8A1" author="Brydone R. M." box="[700,867,1804,1830]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref30015" refString="Brydone R. M. 1936. Further Notes on New or Imperfectly Known Chalk Polyzoa. Part III. (Semieschara, Micropora, Cryptostoma, etc.). Dulau and Co., London." type="book" year="1936">Brydone 1936</bibRefCitation>
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pars: 74, pl. 35, fig. 8.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366654A9665FFBAF196F89EFEECFD1E" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336C19665FFBDF196F89EFE6BF8E0" blockId="19.[189,396,1869,1895]" box="[189,396,1869,1895]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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||
<heading id="D08B81AD9665FFBDF196F89EFE6BF8E0" bold="true" box="[189,396,1869,1895]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
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||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39665FFBDF196F89EFE6BF8E0" bold="true" box="[189,396,1869,1895]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Material studied</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B143C9C9665FFBDF1C1F8AFFBACF85A" collectionCode="SM" country="United Kingdom" location="England" municipality="Norwich" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="B36877" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Norfolk" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<paragraph id="8BC336C19665FFBDF1C1F8AFFDDFF810" blockId="19.[189,1399,1916,2013]" box="[234,568,1916,1943]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B908EAD39665FFBDF1C1F8AFFE81F811" bold="true" box="[234,358,1916,1942]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<typeStatus id="54C788639665FFBDF1C1F8AFFE81F811" box="[234,358,1916,1942]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
(here designated)
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336C19665FFBDF196F873FBA8F85A" blockId="19.[189,1399,1916,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<collectingCountry id="F36B76519665FFBDF196F873FE59F83E" box="[189,446,1951,1978]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">UNITED KINGDOM</collectingCountry>
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||
•
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||
<location id="8EA3601A9665FFBDF0FFF84CFDDEF83E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587D79665FFB6F31DF9F7FD57FCFA:8EA3601A9665FFBDF0FFF84CFDDEF83E" box="[468,569,1951,1977]" country="United Kingdom" municipality="Norwich" name="England" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Norfolk">England</location>
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||
,
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||
<collectingRegion id="49B8F8239665FFBDF368F84CFD44F83E" box="[579,675,1951,1977]" country="United Kingdom" name="Norfolk" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Norfolk</collectingRegion>
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,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA7ACBB9665FFBDF386F84CFCF0F83E" box="[685,791,1951,1977]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Norwich</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
;
|
||
<geologicalTimeScale id="F95CB66A9665FFBDF209F84CFBE4F83E" box="[802,1027,1951,1977]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Middle Campanian</geologicalTimeScale>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D429665FFBDF539F84CFA89F83D" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[1042,1390,1951,1978]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Dimitobelidae" genus="Belemnitella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Belemnitida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mucronata">
|
||
<location id="8EA3601A9665FFBDF539F84CFA89F83D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587D79665FFB6F31DF9F7FD57FCFA:8EA3601A9665FFBDF539F84CFA89F83D" box="[1042,1390,1951,1978]" country="United Kingdom" municipality="Norwich" name="Belemnitella mucronata Zone" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Norfolk">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39665FFBDF539F84CFACDF83E" box="[1042,1322,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Belemnitella mucronata</emphasis>
|
||
Zone
|
||
</location>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) of
|
||
<location id="8EA3601A9665FFBDF1F6F811FEA1F85B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587D79665FFB6F31DF9F7FD57FCFA:8EA3601A9665FFBDF1F6F811FEA1F85B" box="[221,326,1986,2012]" country="United Kingdom" municipality="Norwich" name="Hartford" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Norfolk">Hartford</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6DAE049665FFBDF07AF810FE9CF85A" box="[337,379,1987,2013]" country="Malaysia" name="Sarawak Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">SM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBDA9EBA9665FFBDF0A8F811FE07F85B" box="[387,480,1986,2012]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B36877</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A449665FFBDF0DBF811FDD3F85A" box="[496,564,1986,2013]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[188,231,1741,1767]" captionTargetBox="[234,1353,265,1689]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[234,1353,265,1689]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 8. Rhagasostoma angliae (Brydone, 1936). A–E. Lectotype, SM B36877, Middle Campanian (Belemnitella mucronata Zone) of Hartford, Norwich, Norfolk, England, UK. A. Overview of encrusting colony. B. Early astogeny, ancestrula arrowed. C. Growing edge, avicularia and some autozooids with peripheral caverns surrounding the cryptocyst. D. Autozooids and avicularia. E. Avicularium with peripheral caverns surrounding the cryptocyst and non-ovicellate autozooids. F–H. Paralectotype, SM B36879, early Maastrichtian (Ostrea lunata Zone) of Trimingham, Norfolk, England, UK. F. Erect bifoliate colony. G. Non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. H. Avicularia and non-ovicellate autozooids. Scale bars: A, F = 1 mm; B, E, H = 100 µm; C–D, G = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830861/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A–E; figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B309665FFBDF3D1F811FC42F85B" author="Brydone R. M." box="[762,933,1986,2012]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref30015" refString="Brydone R. M. 1936. Further Notes on New or Imperfectly Known Chalk Polyzoa. Part III. (Semieschara, Micropora, Cryptostoma, etc.). Dulau and Co., London." type="book" year="1936">Brydone 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 35, fig. 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B143C9C9662FFBAF1C1FED8FC30FEEB" collectionCode="SM" country="United Kingdom" location="England" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCode="B36879" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Norfolk" typeStatus="paralectotype">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336C19662FFBAF1C1FED8FD8EFEA1" blockId="20.[189,1398,267,364]" box="[234,617,267,294]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39662FFBAF1C1FED8FE70FEA2" bold="true" box="[234,407,267,293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C788639662FFBAF1C1FED8FE70FEA2" box="[234,407,267,293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(here designated)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336C19662FFBAF196FEFCFC3CFEEB" blockId="20.[189,1398,267,364]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36B76519662FFBAF196FEFCFE25FECF" box="[189,450,302,329]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">UNITED KINGDOM</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<location id="8EA3601A9662FFBAF0CBFEFDFDA2FECF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587D79665FFB6F31DF9F7FD57FCFA:8EA3601A9662FFBAF0CBFEFDFDA2FECF" box="[480,581,302,328]" country="United Kingdom" name="England" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" stateProvince="Norfolk">England</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B8F8239662FFBAF37FFEFDFD52FECF" box="[596,693,302,328]" country="United Kingdom" name="Norfolk" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Norfolk</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<geologicalTimeScale id="F95CB66A9662FFBAF3E8FEFDFC4FFECF" box="[707,936,302,328]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">early Maastrichtian</geologicalTimeScale>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D429662FFBAF296FEFCFB4EFECE" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[957,1193,302,329]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Ostrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lunata">
|
||
<location id="8EA3601A9662FFBAF296FEFCFB4EFECE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587D79665FFB6F31DF9F7FD57FCFA:8EA3601A9662FFBAF296FEFCFB4EFECE" box="[957,1193,302,329]" country="United Kingdom" name="Ostrea lunata Zone" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" stateProvince="Norfolk">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39662FFBAF296FEFCFB87FECF" box="[957,1120,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ostrea lunata</emphasis>
|
||
Zone
|
||
</location>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) of
|
||
<location id="8EA3601A9662FFBAF5F6FEFDFA94FECF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587D79665FFB6F31DF9F7FD57FCFA:8EA3601A9662FFBAF5F6FEFDFA94FECF" box="[1245,1395,302,328]" country="United Kingdom" name="Trimingham" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" stateProvince="Norfolk">Trimingham</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6DAE049662FFBAF196FE82FF00FEEC" box="[189,231,337,363]" country="Malaysia" name="Sarawak Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">SM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBDA9EBA9662FFBAF1C4FE82FEABFEEC" box="[239,332,337,363]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">B36879</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A449662FFBAF077FE82FE78FEEC" box="[348,415,337,363]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[188,231,1741,1767]" captionTargetBox="[234,1353,265,1689]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[234,1353,265,1689]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 8. Rhagasostoma angliae (Brydone, 1936). A–E. Lectotype, SM B36877, Middle Campanian (Belemnitella mucronata Zone) of Hartford, Norwich, Norfolk, England, UK. A. Overview of encrusting colony. B. Early astogeny, ancestrula arrowed. C. Growing edge, avicularia and some autozooids with peripheral caverns surrounding the cryptocyst. D. Autozooids and avicularia. E. Avicularium with peripheral caverns surrounding the cryptocyst and non-ovicellate autozooids. F–H. Paralectotype, SM B36879, early Maastrichtian (Ostrea lunata Zone) of Trimingham, Norfolk, England, UK. F. Erect bifoliate colony. G. Non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. H. Avicularia and non-ovicellate autozooids. Scale bars: A, F = 1 mm; B, E, H = 100 µm; C–D, G = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830861/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
F–H; figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B309662FFBAF34FFE82FCE8FEEC" author="Brydone R. M." box="[612,783,337,363]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref30015" refString="Brydone R. M. 1936. Further Notes on New or Imperfectly Known Chalk Polyzoa. Part III. (Semieschara, Micropora, Cryptostoma, etc.). Dulau and Co., London." type="book" year="1936">Brydone 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 35, figs 6–7).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336C19662FFBAF1C1FE41FDA5FE2B" blockId="20.[189,1398,402,499]" box="[234,578,402,428]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39662FFBAF1C1FE41FDA5FE2B" bold="true" box="[234,578,402,428]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Additional figured material</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336C19662FFBAF196FE65FD67FE74" blockId="20.[189,1398,402,499]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36B76519662FFBAF196FE65FE20FE57" box="[189,455,438,464]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">UNITED KINGDOM</collectingCountry>
|
||
• England,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B8F8239662FFBAF34CFE65FD2FFE57" box="[615,712,438,464]" country="United Kingdom" name="Norfolk" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Norfolk</collectingRegion>
|
||
; middle Campanian (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D429662FFBAF2F2FE65FAA0FE57" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[985,1351,438,464]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Dimitobelidae" genus="Belemnitella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Belemnitida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mucronata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39662FFBAF2F2FE65FB1DFE57" box="[985,1274,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Belemnitella mucronata</emphasis>
|
||
Zone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) of Weybourne;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6DAE049662FFBAF078FE0AFE9AFE74" box="[339,381,473,499]" country="Malaysia" name="Sarawak Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">SM</collectionCode>
|
||
B36671 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A449662FFBAF0D9FE0AFDD1FE74" box="[498,566,473,499]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1741,1767]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,265,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[194,1394,265,1705]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 9. Rhagasostoma angliae Brydone, 1936. A–C. SM B36671, Middle Campanian (Belemnitella mucronata Zone), Weybourne, Norfolk, England, UK. A. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. B. Nonovicellate autozooids and avicularia. C. Opesiae of non-ovicellate autozooids with distal shelf and avicularium. D–E. SMF 29914, Late Campanian of Vigny, Île-de-France, France. D. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. E. Non-ovicellate and one ovicellate (with partially broken ooecium, arrowed) autozooids and avicularia. F–G. SMF 26288, early Maastrichtian of Hemmor, Germany. F. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. G. Non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. Scale bars: A, D = 1 mm; B, G = 200 µm; C = 100 µm; E = 300 µm; F = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830863/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336C19662FFBAF196FDC8FBB3FDB2" blockId="20.[189,1108,537,565]" box="[189,1108,537,565]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B143C9C9662FFBAF196FDC8FBB7FDB2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620322307" box="[189,1104,537,565]" collectionCode="SMF" country="France" location="Campanian of Vigny" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ile-de-France">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36B76519662FFBAF196FDC8FED6FDB2" box="[189,305,539,565]" name="France" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B8F8239662FFBAF061FDCAFE0BFDB2" box="[330,492,537,565]" country="France" name="Ile-de-France" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Île-de-France</collectingRegion>
|
||
; late
|
||
<location id="8EA3601A9662FFBAF302FDC9FCC7FDB3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587D79665FFB6F31DF9F7FD57FCFA:8EA3601A9662FFBAF302FDC9FCC7FDB3" box="[553,800,538,564]" country="France" name="Campanian of Vigny" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" stateProvince="Ile-de-France">Campanian of Vigny</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6DAE049662FFBAF207FDC8FC80FDB2" box="[812,871,539,565]" collectionName="Germany, Frankfurt-am-Main, Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
29914 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A449662FFBAF2ECFDC9FBEBFDB2" box="[967,1036,538,565]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1741,1767]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,265,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[194,1394,265,1705]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 9. Rhagasostoma angliae Brydone, 1936. A–C. SM B36671, Middle Campanian (Belemnitella mucronata Zone), Weybourne, Norfolk, England, UK. A. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. B. Nonovicellate autozooids and avicularia. C. Opesiae of non-ovicellate autozooids with distal shelf and avicularium. D–E. SMF 29914, Late Campanian of Vigny, Île-de-France, France. D. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. E. Non-ovicellate and one ovicellate (with partially broken ooecium, arrowed) autozooids and avicularia. F–G. SMF 26288, early Maastrichtian of Hemmor, Germany. F. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. G. Non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. Scale bars: A, D = 1 mm; B, G = 200 µm; C = 100 µm; E = 300 µm; F = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830863/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
D–E)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336C19662FFBAF196FD8FFEECFD1E" blockId="20.[189,1399,604,665]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B143C9C9662FFBAF196FD8FFEE1FD1E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620322304" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" location="Early Maastrichtian of Hemmoor" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36B76519662FFBAF196FD8FFEB7FDF1" box="[189,336,604,630]" name="Germany" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">GERMANY</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<location id="8EA3601A9662FFBAF041FD8FFD11FDF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587D79665FFB6F31DF9F7FD57FCFA:8EA3601A9662FFBAF041FD8FFD11FDF0" box="[362,758,604,631]" country="Germany" name="Early Maastrichtian of Hemmoor" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Early Maastrichtian of Hemmoor</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6DAE049662FFBAF229FD8FFCDAFDF1" box="[770,829,604,630]" collectionName="Germany, Frankfurt-am-Main, Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
26288 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A449662FFBAF2B4FD8FFC03FDF1" box="[927,996,604,630]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1741,1767]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,265,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[194,1394,265,1705]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 9. Rhagasostoma angliae Brydone, 1936. A–C. SM B36671, Middle Campanian (Belemnitella mucronata Zone), Weybourne, Norfolk, England, UK. A. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. B. Nonovicellate autozooids and avicularia. C. Opesiae of non-ovicellate autozooids with distal shelf and avicularium. D–E. SMF 29914, Late Campanian of Vigny, Île-de-France, France. D. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. E. Non-ovicellate and one ovicellate (with partially broken ooecium, arrowed) autozooids and avicularia. F–G. SMF 26288, early Maastrichtian of Hemmor, Germany. F. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. G. Non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. Scale bars: A, D = 1 mm; B, G = 200 µm; C = 100 µm; E = 300 µm; F = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830863/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
F–G; figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B309662FFBAF582FD8FFAC8FDF1" author="Voigt E." box="[1193,1327,604,630]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref32674" refString="Voigt E. 1949. Cheilostome Bryozoen aus der Quadratenkreide Nordwestdeutschlands. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Staatsinstitut in Hamburg 19: 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1949">Voigt 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 8, fig. 3)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366654A9662FFBAF196FD13FE30F9B4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336C19662FFBAF196FD13FEA9FD5D" blockId="20.[189,334,704,730]" box="[189,334,704,730]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<heading id="D08B81AD9662FFBAF196FD13FEA9FD5D" bold="true" box="[189,334,704,730]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39662FFBAF196FD13FEA9FD5D" bold="true" box="[189,334,704,730]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336C19662FFBAF196FD3CFE30F9B4" blockId="20.[189,1399,751,1587]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Colony encrusting, sheet-like, fragments up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C849B249662FFBAF3D0FD3CFCB6FC8D" box="[763,849,751,778]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, or erect with flattened, bifoliate branches, fragments up to 6.0–7.0 mm long by 3.0–5.0 mm wide. Ancestrula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A449662FFBAF572FCC1FB54FCAB" box="[1113,1203,786,812]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[188,231,1741,1767]" captionTargetBox="[234,1353,265,1689]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[234,1353,265,1689]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 8. Rhagasostoma angliae (Brydone, 1936). A–E. Lectotype, SM B36877, Middle Campanian (Belemnitella mucronata Zone) of Hartford, Norwich, Norfolk, England, UK. A. Overview of encrusting colony. B. Early astogeny, ancestrula arrowed. C. Growing edge, avicularia and some autozooids with peripheral caverns surrounding the cryptocyst. D. Autozooids and avicularia. E. Avicularium with peripheral caverns surrounding the cryptocyst and non-ovicellate autozooids. F–H. Paralectotype, SM B36879, early Maastrichtian (Ostrea lunata Zone) of Trimingham, Norfolk, England, UK. F. Erect bifoliate colony. G. Non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. H. Avicularia and non-ovicellate autozooids. Scale bars: A, F = 1 mm; B, E, H = 100 µm; C–D, G = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830861/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
) about
|
||
<quantity id="4C849B249662FFBAF425FCC1FA90FCAA" box="[1294,1399,786,813]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="0.33">0.33 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, rounded rhombic, surrounded by six periancestrular zooids, five zooids possibly budded directly from the ancestrula. Autozooids variable in shape, often broad and roughly rectangular with rounded distal ends; zooidal boundaries raised. Gymnocyst lacking. Cryptocyst extensive, finely pustulose, depressed or slightly convex centrally, sometimes with peripheral cavern surrounding the cryptocyst (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A449662FFBAF062FC11FE40FC5B" box="[329,423,962,988]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[188,231,1741,1767]" captionTargetBox="[234,1353,265,1689]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[234,1353,265,1689]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 8. Rhagasostoma angliae (Brydone, 1936). A–E. Lectotype, SM B36877, Middle Campanian (Belemnitella mucronata Zone) of Hartford, Norwich, Norfolk, England, UK. A. Overview of encrusting colony. B. Early astogeny, ancestrula arrowed. C. Growing edge, avicularia and some autozooids with peripheral caverns surrounding the cryptocyst. D. Autozooids and avicularia. E. Avicularium with peripheral caverns surrounding the cryptocyst and non-ovicellate autozooids. F–H. Paralectotype, SM B36879, early Maastrichtian (Ostrea lunata Zone) of Trimingham, Norfolk, England, UK. F. Erect bifoliate colony. G. Non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. H. Avicularia and non-ovicellate autozooids. Scale bars: A, F = 1 mm; B, E, H = 100 µm; C–D, G = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830861/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Opesia terminal or subterminal, semielliptical with shelf distally, formed by two walls, a thin inner wall delimiting the distolateral part and a salient, thickened outer wall delimiting the proximolateral part (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A449662FFBAF0CAFBDAFD8FFBA4" box="[481,616,1033,1059]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[188,231,1741,1767]" captionTargetBox="[234,1353,265,1689]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[234,1353,265,1689]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 8. Rhagasostoma angliae (Brydone, 1936). A–E. Lectotype, SM B36877, Middle Campanian (Belemnitella mucronata Zone) of Hartford, Norwich, Norfolk, England, UK. A. Overview of encrusting colony. B. Early astogeny, ancestrula arrowed. C. Growing edge, avicularia and some autozooids with peripheral caverns surrounding the cryptocyst. D. Autozooids and avicularia. E. Avicularium with peripheral caverns surrounding the cryptocyst and non-ovicellate autozooids. F–H. Paralectotype, SM B36879, early Maastrichtian (Ostrea lunata Zone) of Trimingham, Norfolk, England, UK. F. Erect bifoliate colony. G. Non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. H. Avicularia and non-ovicellate autozooids. Scale bars: A, F = 1 mm; B, E, H = 100 µm; C–D, G = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830861/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 8E, H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A449662FFBAF35CFBDAFD7BFBA4" box="[631,668,1033,1059]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1741,1767]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,265,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[194,1394,265,1705]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 9. Rhagasostoma angliae Brydone, 1936. A–C. SM B36671, Middle Campanian (Belemnitella mucronata Zone), Weybourne, Norfolk, England, UK. A. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. B. Nonovicellate autozooids and avicularia. C. Opesiae of non-ovicellate autozooids with distal shelf and avicularium. D–E. SMF 29914, Late Campanian of Vigny, Île-de-France, France. D. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. E. Non-ovicellate and one ovicellate (with partially broken ooecium, arrowed) autozooids and avicularia. F–G. SMF 26288, early Maastrichtian of Hemmor, Germany. F. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. G. Non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. Scale bars: A, D = 1 mm; B, G = 200 µm; C = 100 µm; E = 300 µm; F = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830863/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">9C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Proximal edge of opesiae straight, smooth, thickened, with outgrowths near the two proximolateral corners delimiting small, roundish opesiules (outgrowths are often broken, giving the opesiules the appearance of opesiular indentations, or they may be obscured by sediment fillings inside the opesia). Septula not observed. Ovicells endozooidal, ooecium is formed by the distal zooid, ill-recognizable, with cryptocyst-like surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A449662FFBAF28BFB46FC1BFB37" box="[928,1020,1173,1200]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1741,1767]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,265,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[194,1394,265,1705]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 9. Rhagasostoma angliae Brydone, 1936. A–C. SM B36671, Middle Campanian (Belemnitella mucronata Zone), Weybourne, Norfolk, England, UK. A. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. B. Nonovicellate autozooids and avicularia. C. Opesiae of non-ovicellate autozooids with distal shelf and avicularium. D–E. SMF 29914, Late Campanian of Vigny, Île-de-France, France. D. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. E. Non-ovicellate and one ovicellate (with partially broken ooecium, arrowed) autozooids and avicularia. F–G. SMF 26288, early Maastrichtian of Hemmor, Germany. F. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. G. Non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. Scale bars: A, D = 1 mm; B, G = 200 µm; C = 100 µm; E = 300 µm; F = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830863/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Avicularia interzooidal, longer than autozooids, elongate. Rostrum channeled with elevated wing-like walls and pointed tip, conical in outline or sometimes falciform, asymmetrical, dextral or sinistral. Proximal part rounded, shorter and slightly wider than the rostrum. Cryptocyst pustulose, concave with depression centrally, sometimes with peripheral cavern surrounding the cryptocyst (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A449662FFBAF23EFAF1FC52FABA" box="[789,949,1314,1341]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[188,231,1741,1767]" captionTargetBox="[234,1353,265,1689]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[234,1353,265,1689]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 8. Rhagasostoma angliae (Brydone, 1936). A–E. Lectotype, SM B36877, Middle Campanian (Belemnitella mucronata Zone) of Hartford, Norwich, Norfolk, England, UK. A. Overview of encrusting colony. B. Early astogeny, ancestrula arrowed. C. Growing edge, avicularia and some autozooids with peripheral caverns surrounding the cryptocyst. D. Autozooids and avicularia. E. Avicularium with peripheral caverns surrounding the cryptocyst and non-ovicellate autozooids. F–H. Paralectotype, SM B36879, early Maastrichtian (Ostrea lunata Zone) of Trimingham, Norfolk, England, UK. F. Erect bifoliate colony. G. Non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. H. Avicularia and non-ovicellate autozooids. Scale bars: A, F = 1 mm; B, E, H = 100 µm; C–D, G = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830861/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8C, E, H</figureCitation>
|
||
), having three openings: a distal small subcircular opesia; two lateral and parallel slit-like opesiules formed by long teeth of articular ridges, which grow together with proximal edge of opesia; a long and slit-like opesiular indentation proximally between the teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A449662FFBAF0BEFA5FFDF3FA20" box="[405,532,1420,1447]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[188,231,1741,1767]" captionTargetBox="[234,1353,265,1689]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[234,1353,265,1689]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 8. Rhagasostoma angliae (Brydone, 1936). A–E. Lectotype, SM B36877, Middle Campanian (Belemnitella mucronata Zone) of Hartford, Norwich, Norfolk, England, UK. A. Overview of encrusting colony. B. Early astogeny, ancestrula arrowed. C. Growing edge, avicularia and some autozooids with peripheral caverns surrounding the cryptocyst. D. Autozooids and avicularia. E. Avicularium with peripheral caverns surrounding the cryptocyst and non-ovicellate autozooids. F–H. Paralectotype, SM B36879, early Maastrichtian (Ostrea lunata Zone) of Trimingham, Norfolk, England, UK. F. Erect bifoliate colony. G. Non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. H. Avicularia and non-ovicellate autozooids. Scale bars: A, F = 1 mm; B, E, H = 100 µm; C–D, G = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830861/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 8E, H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A449662FFBAF335FA5FFD61FA21" box="[542,646,1420,1447]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1741,1767]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,265,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[194,1394,265,1705]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 9. Rhagasostoma angliae Brydone, 1936. A–C. SM B36671, Middle Campanian (Belemnitella mucronata Zone), Weybourne, Norfolk, England, UK. A. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. B. Nonovicellate autozooids and avicularia. C. Opesiae of non-ovicellate autozooids with distal shelf and avicularium. D–E. SMF 29914, Late Campanian of Vigny, Île-de-France, France. D. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. E. Non-ovicellate and one ovicellate (with partially broken ooecium, arrowed) autozooids and avicularia. F–G. SMF 26288, early Maastrichtian of Hemmor, Germany. F. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. G. Non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. Scale bars: A, D = 1 mm; B, G = 200 µm; C = 100 µm; E = 300 µm; F = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830863/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">9C, E, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cryptocyst between openings frequently destroyed, causing the openings to coalesce into a single opening of variable outline that is sometimes tulip-shaped. Kenozooids rounded, very rare, located at the margins of a colony or between zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A449662FFBAF518FA01FB74FA6B" box="[1075,1171,1490,1516]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1741,1767]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,265,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[194,1394,265,1705]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 9. Rhagasostoma angliae Brydone, 1936. A–C. SM B36671, Middle Campanian (Belemnitella mucronata Zone), Weybourne, Norfolk, England, UK. A. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. B. Nonovicellate autozooids and avicularia. C. Opesiae of non-ovicellate autozooids with distal shelf and avicularium. D–E. SMF 29914, Late Campanian of Vigny, Île-de-France, France. D. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. E. Non-ovicellate and one ovicellate (with partially broken ooecium, arrowed) autozooids and avicularia. F–G. SMF 26288, early Maastrichtian of Hemmor, Germany. F. Overview of erect bifoliate colony. G. Non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. Scale bars: A, D = 1 mm; B, G = 200 µm; C = 100 µm; E = 300 µm; F = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830863/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cryptocyst finely pustulose. Opesia roundish, small. Closure plates, intramural reparative budding in autozooids and avicularia not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366654A9662FFB6F196F989FA90FD40" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336C19662FFBAF196F989FEC8F9F3" blockId="20.[189,303,1626,1652]" box="[189,303,1626,1652]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<heading id="D08B81AD9662FFBAF196F989FEC8F9F3" bold="true" box="[189,303,1626,1652]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39662FFBAF196F989FEC8F9F3" bold="true" box="[189,303,1626,1652]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336C19662FFBAF196F95AFE07F88B" blockId="20.[189,1399,1673,1805]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B309662FFBAF196F95AFE9CF923" author="Brydone R. M." box="[189,379,1673,1700]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref30015" refString="Brydone R. M. 1936. Further Notes on New or Imperfectly Known Chalk Polyzoa. Part III. (Semieschara, Micropora, Cryptostoma, etc.). Dulau and Co., London." type="book" year="1936">Brydone (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
introduced the subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D429662FFBAF3ECF95AFBB5F924" authorityName="Brydone" authorityYear="1936" box="[711,1106,1673,1699]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Rhagasostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="subSpecies" species="inelegans" subSpecies="angliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39662FFBAF3ECF95AFBB5F924" box="[711,1106,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rhagasostoma inelegans angliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for unilaminar colonies lacking ovicells. We have restudied Brydone’s
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C788639662FFBAF3CFF97FFCACF941" box="[740,843,1708,1734]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
in the SM collection, choosing a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C788639662FFBAF5FDF97FFAA5F941" box="[1238,1346,1708,1734]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(the specimen figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B309662FFBAF097F91CFD8DF96E" author="Brydone R. M." box="[444,618,1743,1769]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref30015" refString="Brydone R. M. 1936. Further Notes on New or Imperfectly Known Chalk Polyzoa. Part III. (Semieschara, Micropora, Cryptostoma, etc.). Dulau and Co., London." type="book" year="1936">Brydone 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 35, fig. 4). The specimen figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B309662FFBAF549F91CFAFCF96E" author="Brydone R. M." box="[1122,1307,1743,1769]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref29975" refString="Brydone R. M. 1930. Further Notes on New or Imperfectly Known Chalk Polyzoa. Part II. (Vincularia, Onychocella, Rhagasostoma, Porina, etc.). Dulau and Co., London." type="book" year="1930">Brydone (1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 26, fig. 5) was not restudied.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336C19662FFB6F196F8E7FC44FE34" blockId="20.[189,1399,1844,2011]" lastBlockId="24.[189,1398,267,435]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B309662FFBAF196F8E7FE9CF8C8" author="Brydone R. M." box="[189,379,1844,1871]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref30015" refString="Brydone R. M. 1936. Further Notes on New or Imperfectly Known Chalk Polyzoa. Part III. (Semieschara, Micropora, Cryptostoma, etc.). Dulau and Co., London." type="book" year="1936">Brydone (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
compared his specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D429662FFBAF3F7F8E7FB80F8C9" authorityName="Brydone" authorityYear="1936" box="[732,1127,1844,1870]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Rhagasostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="subSpecies" species="inelegans" subSpecies="angliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39662FFBAF3F7F8E7FB80F8C9" box="[732,1127,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rhagasostoma inelegans angliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Trimingham Chalk with the bilaminar, ovicellate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D429662FFBAF3ABF884FB5CF8F5" authority="sensu Levinsen" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1925" box="[640,1211,1879,1906]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Onychocella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39662FFBAF3ABF884FC7BF8F6" box="[640,924,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Onychocella dichotoma</emphasis>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B309662FFBAF2DEF884FB5CF8F5" author="Levinsen G. M. R." box="[1013,1211,1879,1906]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="283 - 445" refId="ref31162" refString="Levinsen G. M. R. 1925. Undersogelser over Bryozoerne i den danske Kridtformation. Efter Forfatterens dod udg. af K. Brunnich Nielsen og Th. Mortensen. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter / Naturvidenskabelig og Mathematisk Afdeling 7: 283 - 445." type="journal article" year="1925">Levinsen (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the early Maastrichtian white Chalk of southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36B76519662FFBAF386F8A9FCFDF813" box="[685,794,1914,1940]" name="Denmark" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
and northern Jylland. However, Levinsen’s drawing shows that his species has an avicularian opesiae similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D429662FFBAF251F84EFE9BF85C" authority="sensu Brydone" authorityName="Brydone" authorityYear="1930" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Rhagasostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="subSpecies" species="inelegans" subSpecies="incarcerata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39662FFBAF251F84EFAC9F830" box="[890,1326,1949,1975]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rhagasostoma inelegans incarcerata</emphasis>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B309662FFBAF196F812FE9BF85C" author="Brydone R. M." box="[189,380,1985,2011]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref29975" refString="Brydone R. M. 1930. Further Notes on New or Imperfectly Known Chalk Polyzoa. Part II. (Vincularia, Onychocella, Rhagasostoma, Porina, etc.). Dulau and Co., London." type="book" year="1930">Brydone (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The avicularia of this subspecies apparently contain two pairs of lateral, parallel, slit-like opesiules in the central part of the cryptocyst, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D42966EFFB6F259FED8FC2DFEA2" authorityName="Brydone" authorityYear="1936" box="[882,970,267,293]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Rhagasostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD3966EFFB6F259FED8FC2DFEA2" box="[882,970,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">angliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has only one pair of lateral, parallel, slit-like opesiules.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B30966EFFB6F0B4FEFDFD82FECE" author="Voigt E." box="[415,613,302,329]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref32674" refString="Voigt E. 1949. Cheilostome Bryozoen aus der Quadratenkreide Nordwestdeutschlands. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Staatsinstitut in Hamburg 19: 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1949">Voigt (1949: 26)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned one specimen from the late Campanian (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D42966EFFB6F5C9FEFCFE99FEEB" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" class="Cephalopoda" family="Dimitobelidae" genus="Belemnitella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Belemnitida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD3966EFFB6F5C9FEFCFEDEFEEB" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Belemnitella lanceolata</emphasis>
|
||
Zone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) of Hemmoor. Our study shows that the avicularian opesia in this specimen are similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D42966EFFB6F1F5FEA6FED1FE08" authorityName="Brydone" authorityYear="1936" box="[222,310,373,399]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Rhagasostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD3966EFFB6F1F5FEA6FED1FE08" box="[222,310,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">angliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B30966EFFB6F0B8FEA6FDCCFE08" author="Voigt E." box="[403,555,373,399]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref32674" refString="Voigt E. 1949. Cheilostome Bryozoen aus der Quadratenkreide Nordwestdeutschlands. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Staatsinstitut in Hamburg 19: 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1949">Voigt (1949)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described it as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D42966EFFB6F3C5FEA6FB2DFE08" authority="Goldfuss, 1826" authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1826" box="[750,1226,373,399]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Onychocella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD3966EFFB6F3C5FEA6FBEEFE08" box="[750,1033,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Onychocella dichotoma</emphasis>
|
||
Goldfuss, 1826
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and classified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D42966EFFB6F196FE4AFE06FE35" authorityName="sensu Brydone" authorityYear="1930" box="[189,481,408,435]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Rhagasostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="subSpecies" species="inelegans" subSpecies="incarcerata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD3966EFFB6F196FE4AFE06FE35" box="[189,481,408,435]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">O. inelegans incarcerata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D42966EFFB6F3D7FE4AFC7BFE35" authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1826" box="[764,924,408,435]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Onychocella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD3966EFFB6F3D7FE4AFC7BFE35" box="[764,924,408,435]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">O. dichotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0366499663FFBBF197F91EFBD2F859" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830861" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3830861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830861/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[188,231,1741,1767]" targetBox="[234,1353,265,1689]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336C19663FFBBF197F91EFBD2F859" blockId="21.[188,1398,1741,2014]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39663FFBBF197F91EFEE8F960" bold="true" box="[188,271,1741,1767]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D429663FFBBF030F91EFCE3F96F" authority="(Brydone, 1936)" baseAuthorityName="Brydone" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[283,772,1741,1768]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Rhagasostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39663FFBBF030F91EFDCBF960" box="[283,556,1741,1767]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rhagasostoma angliae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B309663FFBBF36AF91EFD1DF96F" author="Brydone R. M." box="[577,762,1741,1768]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref30015" refString="Brydone R. M. 1936. Further Notes on New or Imperfectly Known Chalk Polyzoa. Part III. (Semieschara, Micropora, Cryptostoma, etc.). Dulau and Co., London." type="book" year="1936">Brydone, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39663FFBBF23FF91EFCACF960" bold="true" box="[788,843,1741,1767]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A–E</emphasis>
|
||
. Lectotype, SM B36877, Middle Campanian (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D429663FFBBF1EDF922FDC5F88C" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[198,546,1777,1803]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Dimitobelidae" genus="Belemnitella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Belemnitida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mucronata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39663FFBBF1EDF922FE39F88D" box="[198,478,1777,1803]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Belemnitella mucronata</emphasis>
|
||
Zone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) of Hartford, Norwich, Norfolk, England, UK.
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39663FFBBF569F923FBB0F88D" bold="true" box="[1090,1111,1776,1802]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Overview of encrusting colony.
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39663FFBBF031F8C7FEC9F8A9" bold="true" box="[282,302,1812,1838]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Early astogeny, ancestrula arrowed.
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39663FFBBF3C1F8C7FD18F8A9" bold="true" box="[746,767,1812,1838]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Growing edge, avicularia and some autozooids with peripheral caverns surrounding the cryptocyst.
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39663FFBBF22AF8E4FCF1F8D6" bold="true" box="[769,790,1847,1873]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Autozooids and avicularia.
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39663FFBBF557F8E4FB77F8D6" bold="true" box="[1148,1168,1847,1873]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Avicularium with peripheral caverns surrounding the cryptocyst and non-ovicellate autozooids.
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39663FFBBF5A9F889FB5EF8F3" bold="true" box="[1154,1209,1882,1908]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">F–H</emphasis>
|
||
. Paralectotype, SM B36879, early Maastrichtian (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D429663FFBBF365F8ADFCD3F81F" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[590,820,1917,1944]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Ostrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lunata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39663FFBBF365F8ADFD08F810" box="[590,751,1917,1944]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ostrea lunata</emphasis>
|
||
Zone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) of Trimingham, Norfolk, England, UK.
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39663FFBBF433F8ADFACDF81F" bold="true" box="[1304,1322,1918,1944]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Erect bifoliate colony.
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39663FFBBF0BEF873FE4BF83D" bold="true" box="[405,428,1952,1978]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia.
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39663FFBBF2F0F872FC15F83C" bold="true" box="[987,1010,1953,1979]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Avicularia and non-ovicellate autozooids. Scale bars: A, F = 1 mm; B, E, H = 100 µm; C–D, G = 200 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0366499660FFB8F196F91EFD3CF859" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830863" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3830863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3830863/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[189,232,1741,1767]" targetBox="[194,1394,265,1705]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336C19660FFB8F196F91EFD3CF859" blockId="22.[189,1399,1741,2014]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39660FFB8F196F91EFEE9F960" bold="true" box="[189,270,1741,1767]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D429660FFB8F032F91EFD0EF960" authority="Brydone, 1936" authorityName="Brydone" authorityYear="1936" box="[281,745,1741,1767]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Rhagasostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39660FFB8F032F91EFDCEF960" box="[281,553,1741,1767]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Rhagasostoma angliae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B309660FFB8F31FF91EFD0EF960" author="Brydone R. M." box="[564,745,1741,1767]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref30015" refString="Brydone R. M. 1936. Further Notes on New or Imperfectly Known Chalk Polyzoa. Part III. (Semieschara, Micropora, Cryptostoma, etc.). Dulau and Co., London." type="book" year="1936">Brydone, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39660FFB8F3D3F91EFCD6F960" bold="true" box="[760,817,1741,1767]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A–C</emphasis>
|
||
. SM B36671, Middle Campanian (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D429660FFB8F5C9F91EFE62F88C" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" class="Cephalopoda" family="Dimitobelidae" genus="Belemnitella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Belemnitida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mucronata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39660FFB8F5C9F91EFEDCF88D" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Belemnitella mucronata</emphasis>
|
||
Zone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Weybourne, Norfolk, England, UK.
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39660FFB8F262F923FCB9F88D" bold="true" box="[841,862,1776,1802]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Overview of erect bifoliate colony.
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39660FFB8F43DF922FACDF88C" bold="true" box="[1302,1322,1777,1803]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Nonovicellate autozooids and avicularia.
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39660FFB8F3AFF8C7FD7EF8A9" bold="true" box="[644,665,1812,1838]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Opesiae of non-ovicellate autozooids with distal shelf and avicularium.
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39660FFB8F076F8E4FE73F8D6" bold="true" box="[349,404,1847,1873]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">D–E</emphasis>
|
||
. SMF 29914, Late Campanian of Vigny, Île-de-France, France.
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39660FFB8F59FF8E4FB2EF8D6" bold="true" box="[1204,1225,1847,1873]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Overview of erect bifoliate colony.
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39660FFB8F0E1F889FE39F8F3" bold="true" box="[458,478,1882,1908]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Non-ovicellate and one ovicellate (with partially broken ooecium, arrowed) autozooids and avicularia.
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39660FFB8F0D7F8AEFDD4F810" bold="true" box="[508,563,1917,1943]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">F–G</emphasis>
|
||
. SMF 26288, early Maastrichtian of Hemmor, Germany.
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39660FFB8F5CAF8ADFB14F81F" bold="true" box="[1249,1267,1918,1944]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Overview of erect bifoliate colony.
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39660FFB8F0C9F873FE1EF83D" bold="true" box="[482,505,1952,1978]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Non-ovicellate autozooids and avicularia. Scale bars: A, D = 1 mm; B, G = 200 µm; C = 100 µm; E = 300 µm; F = 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0366499661FFB9F196FEDFFD87FEEB" ID-Table-UUID="DF0366499661FFB9F196FEDFFD87FEEB" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0366499661FFB9F196FEDFFD87FEEB" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[217,1319,424,1876]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336C19661FFB9F196FEDFFD87FEEB" blockId="23.[189,1399,267,364]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F196FEDFFEC7FEA2" bold="true" box="[189,288,267,294]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Table 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Summary of measurements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D429661FFB9F3B8FED8FBBCFEA2" authority="Brydone, 1936" authorityName="Brydone" authorityYear="1936" box="[659,1115,267,293]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Rhagasostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F3B8FED8FC47FEA2" box="[659,928,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Rhagasostoma angliae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B309661FFB9F283FED8FBBCFEA2" author="Brydone R. M." box="[936,1115,267,293]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref30015" refString="Brydone R. M. 1936. Further Notes on New or Imperfectly Known Chalk Polyzoa. Part III. (Semieschara, Micropora, Cryptostoma, etc.). Dulau and Co., London." type="book" year="1936">Brydone, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For each parameter the range is given with the number of measurements in brackets. The arithmetic mean is given ± standard deviation. All measurements in µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336C19661FFB9F03DFE7BFB13F8D3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<table id="F97CC46196610051F1F2FE7BFAC0F8D3" box="[217,1319,424,1876]" gridcols="5" gridrows="11" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<tr id="354C348396610051F1F2FE7BFAC0FDD1" box="[217,1319,424,598]" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<th id="769D5DFF96610051F1F2FE7BFE67FDD1" box="[217,384,424,598]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Basin Stratigraphy Locality</th>
|
||
<th id="769D5DFF96610051F0E1FE7BFCE2FDD1" box="[458,773,424,598]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Southern North Sea Basin Middle Campanian to early Maastrichtian Norwich, Weybourne, Trimingham, Vigny</th>
|
||
<th id="769D5DFF96610051F21EFE7BFBC2FDD1" box="[821,1061,424,598]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F21EFE7AFBC2FE47" bold="true" box="[821,1061,424,449]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">North German Basin</emphasis>
|
||
Early Maastrichtian Hemmor
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="769D5DFF96610051F5A1FE7BFAC0FDD1" box="[1162,1319,424,598]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F590FE23FB12FD8F" bold="true" box="[1211,1269,496,520]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Total</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354C348396610051F1F2FDB9FAC0FD1A" box="[217,1319,618,669]" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F016FDB9FE67FD1A" box="[317,384,618,669]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F06EFDA4FE91FD08" bold="true" box="[325,374,631,655]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">AzL</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F0E1FDB9FCE2FD1A" box="[458,773,618,669]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">460–700 (24) 568.33 ± 64.92</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F21EFDB9FBC2FD1A" box="[821,1061,618,669]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">600–700 (6) 656.67 ± 39.33</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F5A1FDB9FAC0FD1A" box="[1162,1319,618,669]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">460–700 (30) 586.00 ± 70.00</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354C348396610051F1F2FD65FAC0FD6F" box="[217,1319,694,744]" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F016FD65FE67FD6F" box="[317,384,694,744]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F06BFD10FE9DFD5C" bold="true" box="[320,378,707,731]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">AzW</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F0E1FD65FCE2FD6F" box="[458,773,694,744]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">340–530 (24) 418.33 ± 53.46</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F21EFD65FBC2FD6F" box="[821,1061,694,744]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">400–540 (6) 465.00 ± 52.44</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F5A1FD65FAC0FD6F" box="[1162,1319,694,744]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">340–540 (30) 427.67 ± 55.69</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354C348396610051F1F2FCDCFAC0FC4C" box="[217,1319,783,971]" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<th id="769D5DFF96610051F1F2FCDCFF1FFC4C" box="[217,248,783,971]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F1F2FCC6FF1FFC29" bold="true" box="[217,248,789,942]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Autozooids</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F016FCDCFE67FC4C" box="[317,384,783,971]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F06FFCDCFE90FCF5" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
CvL
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F069FC89FE90FCF5" bold="true" box="[322,375,858,882]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">OpL</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F016FC75FE9CFC39" bold="true" box="[317,379,934,958]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">OpW</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F0E1FCDCFCE2FC4C" box="[458,773,783,971]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F30DFC9EFD57FC4C" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">140–220 (24) 185.42 ± 19.11 160–230 (24) 195.42 ± 21.26</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F21EFCDCFBC2FC4C" box="[821,1061,783,971]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F279FCC3FC11FC4D" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Not observed 160–190 (6) 170.00 ± 10.95 150–210 (6) 166.67 ± 24.22</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F5A1FCDCFAC0FC4C" box="[1162,1319,783,971]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F5B3FC9EFAC6FC4D" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">140–220 (30) 182.33 ± 18.70 150–230 (30) 189.67 ± 24.42</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354C348396610051F1F2FC22FAC0FBD2" box="[217,1319,1009,1109]" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F016FC22FE67FBD2" box="[317,384,1009,1109]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F068FC22FE9CFBD2" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
OoL
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F015FBEEFE9CFBD2" bold="true" box="[318,379,1085,1109]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">OoW</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F0E1FC22FCE2FBD2" box="[458,773,1009,1109]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F36FFC20FD6DFBD3" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">270 (1) 350 (1)</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F21EFC22FBC2FBD2" box="[821,1061,1009,1109]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F246FBCAFC09FBA9" bold="true" box="[877,1006,1048,1070]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Not observed</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F5A1FC22FAC0FBD2" box="[1162,1319,1009,1109]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F59DFC20FB1BFBD3" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">270 (1) 350 (1)</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354C348396610051F1F2FBA8FAC0FB29" box="[217,1319,1147,1198]" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F016FBA8FE67FB29" box="[317,384,1147,1198]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F06EFB5AFE94FB26" bold="true" box="[325,371,1161,1185]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">AvL</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F0E1FBA8FCE2FB29" box="[458,773,1147,1198]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F30BFBA8FD57FB29" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">690–1050 (23) 801.74 ± 96.18</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F21EFBA8FBC2FB29" box="[821,1061,1147,1198]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F247FBA8FC1BFB29" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">800–1060 (5) 936.00 ± 143.63</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F5A1FBA8FAC0FB29" box="[1162,1319,1147,1198]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F5B9FBA8FAC0FB29" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">690–1060 (28) 825.71 ± 115.48</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354C348396610051F1F2FB14FAC0FB7D" box="[217,1319,1223,1274]" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F016FB14FE67FB7D" box="[317,384,1223,1274]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F060FB06FE97FB6A" bold="true" box="[331,368,1237,1261]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">RL</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F0E1FB14FCE2FB7D" box="[458,773,1223,1274]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F30DFB14FD57FB7D" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">430–580 (23) 503.48 ± 46.08</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F21EFB14FBC2FB7D" box="[821,1061,1223,1274]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F259FB14FC11FB7E" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">460–710 (5) 568.00 ± 97.83</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F5A1FB14FAC0FB7D" box="[1162,1319,1223,1274]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F5B3FB14FAC6FB7D" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">430–710 (28) 515.00 ± 61.49</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354C348396610051F1F2FAC1FAC0FA5B" box="[217,1319,1298,1500]" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<th id="769D5DFF96610051F1F2FAC1FF1FFA5B" box="[217,248,1298,1500]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F1F2FAF8FF1FFA3E" bold="true" box="[217,248,1323,1465]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Avicularia</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F016FAC1FE67FA5B" box="[317,384,1298,1500]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F06AFAF3FE93FA48" bold="true" box="[321,377,1312,1487]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F06AFAF3FE95FA03" bold="true" box="[321,377,1312,1412]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">RCL RW</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F06DFA64FE93FA48" bold="true" box="[326,372,1463,1487]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">PrL</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F0E1FAC1FCE2FA5B" box="[458,773,1298,1500]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F30CFAC0FD57FA5B" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">170–300 (11) 218.18 ± 36.01 120–170 (23) 146.52 ± 14.34 210–470 (23) 286.09 ± 70.82</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F21EFAC1FBC2FA5B" box="[821,1061,1298,1500]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F259FAC1FC11FA5B" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">150–260 (4) 177.50 ± 60.21 150–250 (5) 200.00 ± 43.01 290–450 (5) 354.00 ± 75.03</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F5A1FAC1FAC0FA5B" box="[1162,1319,1298,1500]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F5B3FAC1FAC6FA5B" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
150–300 (15) 207.33 ± 45.27 120–250 (28) 156.07 ± 29.61
|
||
<date id="FFC210019661FFB9F5B5FA79FB01FA38" box="[1182,1254,1450,1471]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="70-04-21">210470</date>
|
||
(28) 298.21 ± 74.98
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354C348396610051F1F2FA26FAC0F9AF" box="[217,1319,1525,1576]" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F016FA26FE67F9AF" box="[317,384,1525,1576]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F06AF9D0FE9FF99C" bold="true" box="[321,376,1539,1563]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">PrW</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F0E1FA26FCE2F9AF" box="[458,773,1525,1576]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F30DFA26FD57F9AF" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">200–320 (23) 246.96 ± 25.12</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F21EFA26FBC2F9AF" box="[821,1061,1525,1576]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F259FA26FC11F9AF" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">270–340 (5) 300.00 ± 29.15</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F5A1FA26FAC0F9AF" box="[1162,1319,1525,1576]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F5B3FA26FAC6F9AF" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">200–340 (28) 256.43 ± 32.68</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354C348396610051F1F2F993FAC0F9F4" box="[217,1319,1600,1651]" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F016F993FE67F9F4" box="[317,384,1600,1651]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F06AF99EFE9FF9E2" bold="true" box="[321,376,1613,1637]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">OpD</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F0E1F993FCE2F9F4" box="[458,773,1600,1651]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F319F993FD43F9F4" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">20–40 (16) 29.69 ± 5.31</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F21EF993FBC2F9F4" box="[821,1061,1600,1651]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F283F99DFC54F9E4" bold="true" box="[936,947,1614,1635]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">?</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F5A1F993FAC0F9F4" box="[1162,1319,1600,1651]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F58FF993FAF2F9F4" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">20–40 (16) 29.69 ± 5.31</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354C348396610051F1F2F959FAC0F8D3" box="[217,1319,1674,1876]" gridrow="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<th id="769D5DFF96610051F1F2F959FF1FF8D3" box="[217,248,1674,1876]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F1F2F94FFF1FF8BD" bold="true" box="[217,248,1692,1850]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Kenozooids</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F016F959FE67F8D3" box="[317,384,1674,1876]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F063F94BFE9BF8C0" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F063F94BFE99F97B" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
KzL
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F068F937FE99F97B" bold="true" box="[323,382,1764,1788]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">KzW</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F06EF8FCFE9BF8C0" bold="true" box="[325,380,1839,1863]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">OpD</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F0E1F959FCE2F8D3" box="[458,773,1674,1876]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F31FF959FD4BF8D3" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">260–620 (4) 360.00 ± 173.59 220–350 (4) 267.50 ± 57.37 70 (4) 70.00 ± 0.00</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F21EF959FBC2F8D3" box="[821,1061,1674,1876]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F25AF936FC15F97C" bold="true" box="[881,1010,1765,1787]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Not observed</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="769D5DFF96610051F5A1F959FAC0F8D3" box="[1162,1319,1674,1876]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD39661FFB9F5B5F959FB13F8D3" bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">260–620 (4) 360.00 ± 173.59 220–350 (4) 267.50 ± 57.37 70 (4) 70.00</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336C1966EFFB6F196FE09FA90FD40" blockId="24.[189,1399,473,711]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D42966EFFB6F196FE09FE2EFE73" authorityName="Brydone" authorityYear="1936" box="[189,457,474,500]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Rhagasostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD3966EFFB6F196FE09FE2EFE73" box="[189,457,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Rhagasostoma angliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can easily be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D42966EFFB6F27FFE09FC03FE73" baseAuthorityName="Lonsdale" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[852,996,474,500]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Rhagasostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="inelegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD3966EFFB6F27FFE09FC03FE73" box="[852,996,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">R. inelegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D42966EFFB6F2D8FE09FB9BFE73" authority="Koromyslova & Taylor & Martha & Riley, 2018" authorityName="Koromyslova & Taylor & Martha & Riley" authorityYear="2018" box="[1011,1148,474,500]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Rhagasostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brydonei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD3966EFFB6F2D8FE09FB9BFE73" box="[1011,1148,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">R. brydonei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B57A8966EFFB6F5AFFE09FB06FE73" box="[1156,1249,474,500]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D42966EFFB6F5C6FE09FA88FE74" authorityName="Brydone" authorityYear="1936" box="[1261,1391,474,499]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Rhagasostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="minuens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD3966EFFB6F5C6FE09FA88FE74" box="[1261,1391,474,499]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">R. minuens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D42966EFFB6F196FE2DFEA4FD90" authority="Koromyslova & Taylor & Martha & Riley, 2018" authorityName="Koromyslova & Taylor & Martha & Riley" authorityYear="2018" box="[189,323,509,535]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Rhagasostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="aralense" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD3966EFFB6F196FE2DFEA4FD90" box="[189,323,509,535]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">R. aralense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B57A8966EFFB6F067FE2EFE40FD90" box="[332,423,509,535]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D42966EFFB6F0CAFE2DFD72FD90" authority="Koromyslova & Taylor & Martha & Riley, 2018" authorityName="Koromyslova & Taylor & Martha & Riley" authorityYear="2018" box="[481,661,509,535]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Rhagasostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="operculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD3966EFFB6F0CAFE2DFD72FD90" box="[481,661,509,535]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">R. operculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B57A8966EFFB6F3B5FE2EFD1EFD90" box="[670,761,509,535]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
as the avicularian cryptocysts have small, subcircular opesia and two opesiules instead of large, roundish or oval opesia without opesiules.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D42966EFFB6F5E1FDF3FE2AFDD9" authority="(Brydone, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Brydone" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Rhagasostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rowei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD3966EFFB6F5E1FDF3FF18FDDA" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Rhagasostoma rowei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B30966EFFB6F03AFD90FE22FDD9" author="Brydone R. M." box="[273,453,579,606]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="289 - 300" refId="ref29857" refString="Brydone R. M. 1906. Further notes on the stratigraphy and fauna of the Trimingham Chalk. Geological Magazine, New Series (Decade V) 3 (7): 289 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800118321" type="journal article" year="1906">Brydone, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D42966EFFB6F320FD97FCBFFDDA" authority="(Brydone, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Brydone" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[523,856,579,605]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Rhagasostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="mimosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD3966EFFB6F320FD97FD6DFDDA" box="[523,650,580,605]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">R. mimosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B30966EFFB6F3B7FD90FCB7FDDA" author="Brydone R. M." box="[668,848,579,605]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref29975" refString="Brydone R. M. 1930. Further Notes on New or Imperfectly Known Chalk Polyzoa. Part II. (Vincularia, Onychocella, Rhagasostoma, Porina, etc.). Dulau and Co., London." type="book" year="1930">Brydone, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also have avicularian cryptocysts with small subcircular opesia and opesiules, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D42966EFFB6F3A9FDB4FD19FD07" authorityName="Brydone" authorityYear="1936" box="[642,766,614,640]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Onychocellidae" genus="Rhagasostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="angliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD3966EFFB6F3A9FDB4FD19FD07" box="[642,766,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">R. angliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from these species in having articular ridges bearing teeth with proximal opesiular indentation between the teeth and interzooidal, and elongate avicularia with asymmetrical rostra instead of vicarious, rhomboidal avicularia with symmetrical rostra.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366654A966EFFB6F196FD3DFD57FCFA" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336C1966EFFB6F196FD3DFEB1FC8F" blockId="24.[189,342,750,776]" box="[189,342,750,776]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<heading id="D08B81AD966EFFB6F196FD3DFEB1FC8F" bold="true" box="[189,342,750,776]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAD3966EFFB6F196FD3DFEB1FC8F" bold="true" box="[189,342,750,776]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336C1966EFFB6F196FCCEFD57FCFA" blockId="24.[189,1399,797,893]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Middle Campanian
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36B7651966EFFB6F08FFCCEFD89FCB0" box="[420,622,797,823]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Norwich and Weybourne,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B8F823966EFFB6F282FCCEFBEEFCB0" box="[937,1033,797,823]" country="United Kingdom" name="Norfolk" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Norfolk</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36B7651966EFFB6F538FCCEFB92FCB0" box="[1043,1141,797,823]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B30966EFFB6F5A8FCCEFAC8FCBF" author="Brydone R. M." box="[1155,1327,797,824]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref30015" refString="Brydone R. M. 1936. Further Notes on New or Imperfectly Known Chalk Polyzoa. Part III. (Semieschara, Micropora, Cryptostoma, etc.). Dulau and Co., London." type="book" year="1936">Brydone 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Late Campanian
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36B7651966EFFB6F061FC93FE79FCDD" box="[330,414,832,858]" name="France" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Vigny,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B8F823966EFFB6F0D7FCEDFD79FCDD" box="[508,670,830,858]" country="France" name="Ile-de-France" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Île-de-France</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Early Maastrichtian
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36B7651966EFFB6F2B3FC93FBEDFCDD" box="[920,1034,832,858]" name="Germany" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Hemmor (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B30966EFFB6F5A0FC93FAF4FCDD" author="Voigt E." box="[1163,1299,832,858]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref32674" refString="Voigt E. 1949. Cheilostome Bryozoen aus der Quadratenkreide Nordwestdeutschlands. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Staatsinstitut in Hamburg 19: 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1949">Voigt 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36B7651966EFFB6F40CFC93FED6FCFA" name="United Kingdom" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Trimingham,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B8F823966EFFB6F0F0FCB0FDDCFCFA" box="[475,571,867,893]" country="United Kingdom" name="Norfolk" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Norfolk</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36B7651966EFFB6F36CFCB0FD4AFCFA" box="[583,685,867,893]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |