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<document id="21AFD2FD086D433D4074D6837B083AFC" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4126.2.2" ID-CLB-Dataset="38798" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4126.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5c5304ea-13e7-4eb9-9ebf-d4d33acc5b32" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="267371" ID-ZooBank="98FA0737-A117-487E-920F-BB03BC89D376" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1466145140804" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Goodwin, Claire E., Berman, Jade, Janussen, Dorte, Göcke, Christian &amp; Hendry, Katharine R." docDate="2016" docId="03D587C5F734FFD8FF24FB900D649D05" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4126.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4126 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rossella antarctica Carter 1872" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="217" masterDocId="FFECFFBDF73DFFD2FFB3FFAA0C199A18" masterDocTitle="Hexactinellida (Porifera) from the Drake Passage (Southern Ocean) with a description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="220" masterPageNumber="207" pageNumber="216" updateTime="1698663017348" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="9AB518582BA5AC53F19BC50D3532D7DE">Hexactinellida (Porifera) from the Drake Passage (Southern Ocean) with a description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4280C6DB75A8A1853F61F8F389022030">Goodwin, Claire E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9ECEDDF1A9D34DF2CC53EA8FB3FC1122">Berman, Jade</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="60B3C3E490FED7F8E1568CD2E01021C9">Janussen, Dorte</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F8061C1D71530FEAEFC482E7E5E2D91B">Göcke, Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9691DC00FE88D4BE5D346133C6A78BB5">Hendry, Katharine R.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03D587C5F734FFD8FF24FB900D649D05" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6055952" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120828645" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6055952" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587C5F734FFD8FF24FB900D649D05" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587C5F734FFD8FF24FB900D649D05" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="217" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">
<subSubSection id="C3666558F734FFDBFF24FB900EB09F1E" pageId="9" pageNumber="216" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC336D3F734FFDBFF24FB900E029E4D" blockId="9.[151,539,1082,1109]" box="[151,539,1082,1109]" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">
<heading id="D08B81BFF734FFDBFF24FB900E029E4D" bold="true" box="[151,539,1082,1109]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="216" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D50F734FFDBFF24FB900E029E4D" ID-CoL="4TFDN" authority="Carter 1872" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,539,1082,1109]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="216" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B908EAC1F734FFDBFF24FB900E029E4D" bold="true" box="[151,539,1082,1109]" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="B908EAC1F734FFDBFF24FB900D649E4C" bold="true" box="[151,381,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">Rossella antarctica</emphasis>
Carter 1872
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336D3F734FFDBFF24FB2B0EB09F1E" blockId="9.[151,1437,1153,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="B908EAC1F734FFDBFF24FB2B0D059E82" bold="true" box="[151,284,1153,1178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">Specimens.</emphasis>
BELUM.Mc2015.284, cruise sample number NBP1103DH95sponge04, Sars Seamount
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE485014F734FFDBFF4EFB0F0D969EA6" box="[253,399,1189,1214]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="216" precision="9" value="-68.898834">68° 53.93W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C849B36F734FFDBFE28FB0C0E0F9EA6" box="[411,534,1190,1214]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" metricValueMax="8.2" metricValueMin="7.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="216" unit="m" value="780.0" valueMax="820.0" valueMin="740.0">740820m</quantity>
, Hein Dredge. BELUM.Mc2015.329, cruise sample number NBP1103TO104 sponge04 and BELUM.Mc2015.335, cruise sample number NBP1103TO104sponge10, both Sars Seamount
<geoCoordinate id="EE485014F734FFDBFAC6FB630CE89F1E" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="216" precision="9" value="-59.723835">59° 43.43S</geoCoordinate>
,
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,
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, Otter Trawl.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3666558F734FFDBFF74FABB0F419D96" pageId="9" pageNumber="216" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC336D3F734FFDBFF74FABB0F489F56" blockId="9.[151,1437,1153,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="B908EAC1F734FFDBFF74FABB0E449F32" bold="true" box="[199,605,1297,1322]" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">Comparative material examined.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D50F734FFDBFDD9FAB80F199F31" box="[618,768,1298,1321]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="216" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B908EAC1F734FFDBFDD9FAB80F199F31" box="[618,768,1298,1321]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">R. antarctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from station the ANT XXIV/2
<emphasis id="B908EAC1F734FFDBFABBFABB09089F32" bold="true" box="[1288,1297,1297,1322]" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">(</emphasis>
SYSTCO I) expedition (
<collectionCode id="ED6DAE16F734FFDBFEAFFA9C0D4F9F56" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[284,342,1334,1358]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">SMF</collectionCode>
11734, 11735, 1190811915, 1191611930).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336D3F734FFDBFF74FAF30F359FC6" blockId="9.[151,1437,1153,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="B908EAC1F734FFDBFF74FAF30DD99F6A" bold="true" box="[199,448,1369,1394]" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">External appearance</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13472A56F734FFDBFE7CFAF30E369F6A" box="[463,559,1369,1394]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1128,1150]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,373,1106]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,373,1107]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Rossella antarctica: A. Collected specimen BELUM. Mc 2015.284; B. Specimen BELUM. Mc 2015.335; C. Rays of a calycocome from BELUM. Mc 2015.284 (scale bar 10 um); D. Microdiscohexaster from BELUM. Mc 2015.284 (scale bar 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267377/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">Figure 6</figureCitation>
A, B). The three sponges are sacciform with a basal attachment and a terminal oscule. The largest specimen is
<quantity id="4C849B36F734FFDBFE49FAD70E219F8E" box="[506,568,1405,1430]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="216" unit="cm" value="15.0">15cm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4C849B36F734FFDBFD14FAD40ECE9F8E" box="[679,727,1406,1430]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="216" unit="cm" value="9.0">9cm</quantity>
wide and the smallest
<quantity id="4C849B36F734FFDBFC65FAD7081F9F8E" box="[982,1030,1405,1430]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="216" unit="cm" value="5.0">5cm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4C849B36F734FFDBFBC6FAD408BC9F8E" box="[1141,1189,1406,1430]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="216" unit="cm" value="2.0">2cm</quantity>
wide. All were cream coloured when collected and have a veil of projecting diactins which protrude up to
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from the body. No dense velum of protruding pentactins is present in the specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336D3F734FFDBFF74FA430D409C3E" blockId="9.[151,1437,1153,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="B908EAC1F734FFDBFF74FA430D299C1A" bold="true" box="[199,304,1513,1538]" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">Spicules.</emphasis>
Measurements are taken from
<collectionCode id="ED6DAE16F734FFDBFD1EFA430F0B9C1A" box="[685,786,1513,1538]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2x42-q9ch" name="Ulster Museum, Belfast" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">BELUM</collectionCode>
.Mc2015.284, figures are restricted to spicules of high taxonomic value.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336D3F734FFDBFF74F99B0F849C76" blockId="9.[151,1437,1153,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">Dermal spined pentactin: Very large spicules tangential rays of the one specimen measures were 3750/117 µm. The spicules are covered with large, fairly widely spaced spines.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336D3F734FFDBFF74F9D308469C8A" blockId="9.[151,1437,1153,2006]" box="[199,1119,1657,1682]" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">Rough pentactin tangential ray 90(122)184 µm, proximal ray 80(117)110 µm</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336D3F734FFDBFF74F9370ED99CAE" blockId="9.[151,1437,1153,2006]" box="[199,704,1693,1718]" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">Rough hexactin diameter 149(268)403 µm</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336D3F734FFDBFF74F96B0E899CC2" blockId="9.[151,1437,1153,2006]" box="[199,656,1729,1754]" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">Oxyhexactin diameter 89(115)142 µm</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336D3F734FFDBFF74F94F0E979CE6" blockId="9.[151,1437,1153,2006]" box="[199,654,1765,1790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">Oxyhexaster diameter 86(102)116 µm</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336D3F734FFDBFF74F8A30CFE9D72" blockId="9.[151,1437,1153,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">
Calycocome (
<figureCitation id="13472A56F734FFDBFED2F8A30DD89D3A" box="[353,449,1801,1826]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1128,1150]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,373,1106]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,373,1107]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Rossella antarctica: A. Collected specimen BELUM. Mc 2015.284; B. Specimen BELUM. Mc 2015.335; C. Rays of a calycocome from BELUM. Mc 2015.284 (scale bar 10 um); D. Microdiscohexaster from BELUM. Mc 2015.284 (scale bar 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267377/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">Figure 6</figureCitation>
C) diameter 85(99)109 µm, number of secondary rays 4(5)6 µm, Complete ray length 43(48)55 µm, Primary ray length 6(11)13 µm, Centrum length 6(10)13 µm, Secondary ray length 20(28) 33 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336D3F734FFDBFF74F8DF0F419D96" blockId="9.[151,1437,1153,2006]" box="[199,856,1909,1934]" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">
Microdiscohexaster (
<figureCitation id="13472A56F734FFDBFE01F8DF0E0B9D96" box="[434,530,1909,1934]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1128,1150]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,373,1106]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,373,1107]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Rossella antarctica: A. Collected specimen BELUM. Mc 2015.284; B. Specimen BELUM. Mc 2015.335; C. Rays of a calycocome from BELUM. Mc 2015.284 (scale bar 10 um); D. Microdiscohexaster from BELUM. Mc 2015.284 (scale bar 10 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267377/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">Figure 6</figureCitation>
D) diameter) 22(33)36 µm
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3666558F734FFD8FF74F8330D649D05" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="217" pageId="9" pageNumber="216" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC336D3F734FFD8FF74F8330D0A9B58" blockId="9.[151,1437,1153,2006]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="217" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="B908EAC1F734FFDBFF74F8330D229DAA" bold="true" box="[199,315,1945,1970]" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species differs from other
<collectingCountry id="F36B7643F734FFDBFD67F8330F259DAA" box="[724,828,1945,1970]" name="Antarctica" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D50F734FFDBFCFFF8330FB29DAA" box="[844,939,1945,1970]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="216" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B908EAC1F734FFDBFCFFF8330FB29DAA" box="[844,939,1945,1970]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="216">Rossella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species by its distinctive spined dermal pentactins. It has relatively small (~100 µm) calycocomes with 38 secondary rays and primary and secondary rays of a similar length; this distinguishes it from many other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D50F737FFD8FC3CFF3D0FF79AA8" box="[911,1006,151,176]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B908EAC1F737FFD8FC3CFF3D0FF79AA8" box="[911,1006,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="217">Rossella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which tend to have calycocomes with short primary and long secondary rays. The microdiscohexasters found in this species are characterised by the lack of a capitulum at the end of the primary rays, the secondary rays originate directly from the endings of the primary rays; this feature is shared only with
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D50F737FFD8FDD2FEAF0FBA9B04" authority="Kirkpatrick 1907" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1907" box="[609,931,260,285]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="levis">
<emphasis id="B908EAC1F737FFD8FDD2FEAF0EA39B05" box="[609,698,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="217">R. levis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B22F737FFD8FD7DFEAE0F829B04" author="Kirkpatrick" box="[718,923,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="217" refString="Kirkpatrick, R. (1907) Preliminary Report on the Monaxonellida of the National Antarctic Expedition. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 20 (117), 271 - 291. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930709487333" type="journal article" year="1907">Kirkpatrick 1907</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. See
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B22F737FFD8FC59FEAE09399B04" author="Gocke" box="[1002,1312,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="217" refString="Gocke, C. &amp; Janussen, D. (2013) Hexactinellida of the genus Rossella, of ANT XXIV / 2 (SYSTCO I) Expedition - Antarctic Eastern Weddell Sea. Zootaxa, 3692 (1), 102 - 122. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3692.1.6" type="journal article" year="2013">Göcke &amp; Janussen (2013)</bibRefCitation>
for a full discussion.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336D3F737FFD8FF24FBC20CD19EA3" blockId="10.[151,1436,1128,1211]" pageId="10" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="B908EAC1F737FFD8FF24FBC20D0B9E65" bold="true" box="[151,274,1128,1150]" pageId="10" pageNumber="217">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D50F737FFD8FEABFBC20E7E9E66" authority="A. Collected" authorityName="A. Collected" box="[280,615,1128,1150]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rossella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B908EAC1F737FFD8FEABFBC20DC29E66" box="[280,475,1128,1150]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="217">Rossella antarctica</emphasis>
: A. Collected
</taxonomicName>
specimen BELUM.Mc2015.284; B. Specimen BELUM.Mc2015.335; C. Rays of a calycocome from BELUM.Mc2015.284 (scale bar 10um); D. Microdiscohexaster from BELUM.Mc2015.284 (scale bar 10 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC336D3F737FFD8FF74FB4208949F75" blockId="10.[151,1437,1256,1821]" pageId="10" pageNumber="217">
The spicule dimensions of our specimens are generally in good correspondence with those given by
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and
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. The dimensions of the middle piece of the calycocomes are longer (6(10)13 µm in our specimens,
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Kirkpatrick, 2.55.5 µm in
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), however, this may be due to a variation in how these were measured, proportions in images look similar.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336D3F737FFD8FF74FAD20D649D05" blockId="10.[151,1437,1256,1821]" pageId="10" pageNumber="217">
The genus
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<emphasis id="B908EAC1F737FFD8FEF2FAD20DB99F89" box="[321,416,1400,1425]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="217">Rossella</emphasis>
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is currently in a very problematic state as many of the described species are suspected to be synonyms. Attempts to install synonymies nevertheless were so far not fully successful (see
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,
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).
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<emphasis id="B908EAC1F737FFD8FDB9FA6A0EFA9FC0" box="[522,739,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="217">Rossella antarctica</emphasis>
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nonetheless is a very well defined and accepted species. The species is widely distributed all around the Southern Ocean with
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records from the Amundsen/ Bellingshausen Sea,
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Peninsula and South
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, East
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Dronning Maud Land, East
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Enderby Land, East
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Wilkes Land, the Ross Sea and the Weddell Sea. It has also been recorded from the sub-Antarctic from Kerguelen, Prince Edward Islands and
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and from Namaqua (
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;
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;
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Van Soest
<emphasis id="B908EAC1F737FFD8FD75F9DC0EE69C95" box="[710,767,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
2015
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). The Sars Seamount sites may be at the lower end of the depth range for this species, the majority of
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specimens have been recorded between 90 and
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.
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note that during the SYSTCO-I expedition the deepest records of
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<emphasis id="B908EAC1F737FFD8FB1EF91409599CCD" box="[1197,1344,1726,1749]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="217">R. antarctica</emphasis>
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were in
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with deeper stations yielding no specimens. However,
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do note one record from off Patagonia in
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>