750 lines
101 KiB
XML
750 lines
101 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="FBD6F7F298487B6ECB2138BBA8F1692C">Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5C0944C3C2C8F5B9271DDB6BFB0505E3">Ortega, Jhael A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="20B230A84D7EA12A20A53A12BE3C3C8C">Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4634F02CE0EEC0789D8F4662A369A9CE">Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E8EFF5308243FDD1BDDB4278755572D4">Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología / Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, Ecuador & Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, División de Herpetología, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4C2790C0F1BA73DB33BB39376F8A7A2B">Camper, Jeffrey D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B3F3A0A6A172DCA3B15D4905E9C1D90B">Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29506, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC2FEC52B90BD4873" bold="true" box="[978,1240,820,847]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Phyllonastes ecuadoriensis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA4FFDEC279C5859796488E" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[853,1011,922,946]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lochites">
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<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC279C5859796488E" box="[853,1011,922,946]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Noblella lochites</emphasis>
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—
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<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B60FFA4FFDEC522C58590B8488E" author="Hedges SB & Duellman WE & Heinicke MP" box="[1038,1245,922,946]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref38978" refString="Hedges SB, Duellman WE, Heinicke MP. New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa 2008; 1737: 1 - 182." type="journal article" year="2008">
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Hedges
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<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC54CC58490EA488E" box="[1120,1167,922,946]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
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(2008)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC33691FFA4FFDEC279C5A690B148ED" blockId="22.[825,1474,820,1259]" box="[853,1236,953,977]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA4FFDEC279C5A6979648ED" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[853,1011,953,977]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lochites">
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<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC279C5A6979648ED" box="[853,1011,953,977]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Noblella lochites</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B60FFA4FFDEC522C5A690AB48ED" author="Padial JM & Grant T & Frost DR" box="[1038,1230,953,977]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 132" refId="ref41076" refString="Padial JM, Grant T, Frost DR. Molecular systematics of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria. Zootaxa 2014; 3825: 1 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3825.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
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Padial
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<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC57DC5A590E548ED" box="[1105,1152,953,977]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
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(2014)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC33691FFA4FFDEC279C5C6914948CC" blockId="22.[825,1474,820,1259]" box="[853,1324,985,1009]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA4FFDEC279C5C6979648CD" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[853,1011,985,1009]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lochites">
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<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC279C5C6979648CD" box="[853,1011,985,1009]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Noblella lochites</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
—
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B60FFA4FFDEC523C5C6914348CD" author="Catenazzi A & Ttito A" box="[1039,1318,985,1009]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref36961" refString="Catenazzi A, Ttito A. A new species of Psychrophrynella (Amphibia, Anura, Craugastoridae) from the humid montane forests of Cusco, eastern slopes of the Peruvian Andes. PeerJ 2016; 4: e 1807." type="journal volume" year="2016">Catenazzi and Ttito (2016)</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC33691FFA4FFDEC279C5E7916C4F33" blockId="22.[825,1474,820,1259]" box="[853,1289,1016,1040]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA4FFDEC279C5E797964F2C" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[853,1011,1016,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lochites">
|
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<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC279C5E797964F2C" box="[853,1011,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Noblella lochites</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B60FFA4FFDEC522C5E791664F2C" author="Reyes-Puig JP & Reyes-Puig C & Ron SR" box="[1038,1283,1016,1040]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref41732" refString="Reyes-Puig JP, Reyes-Puig C, Ron SR et al. A new species of terrestrial frog of the genus Noblella Barbour, 1930 (Amphibia: Craugastoridae) from the Llanganates-Sangay Ecological Corridor, Tungurahua, Ecuador. PeerJ 2019; 7: e 7405. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 7405" type="journal volume" year="2019">
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Reyes-Puig
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||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC5AAC5E690D04F2C" box="[1158,1205,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFA4FFDEC279C208916E4F13" blockId="22.[825,1474,820,1259]" box="[853,1291,1047,1071]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA4FFDEC279C20897964F13" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[853,1011,1047,1071]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lochites">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC279C20897964F13" box="[853,1011,1047,1071]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Noblella lochites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B60FFA4FFDEC523C20891604F13" author="Santa-Cruz R & von May R & Catenazzi A" box="[1039,1285,1047,1071]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref41933" refString="Santa-Cruz R, von May R, Catenazzi A et al. A new species of terrestrial-breeding frog (Amphibia, Strabomantidae, Noblella) from the Upper Madre De Dios Watershed, Amazonian Andes and Lowlands of Southern Peru. Diversity 2019; 11: 145 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / d 11090145" type="journal volume" year="2019">
|
||
Santa-Cruz
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC5A4C20790D24F13" box="[1160,1207,1047,1071]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFA4FFDEC279C228908B4F72" blockId="22.[825,1474,820,1259]" box="[853,1262,1079,1103]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA4FFDEC279C22897964F73" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[853,1011,1079,1103]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lochites">
|
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<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC279C22897964F73" box="[853,1011,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Noblella lochites</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B60FFA4FFDEC523C228908C4F73" author="Condori FP & Acevedo-Rincon L & Mamani AJ" box="[1039,1257,1079,1103]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="127 - 37" refId="ref37385" refString="Condori FP, Acevedo-Rincon L, Mamani AJ et al. A new species of terrestrial-breeding frog of the genus Psychrophrynella (Anura: Strabomantidae) from the Cordillera de Vilcabamba, southeastern Peru. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 2020; 14: 127 - 37." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
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Condori
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC547C22890FF4F73" box="[1131,1178,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFA4FFDEC279C249916C4F51" blockId="22.[825,1474,820,1259]" box="[853,1289,1110,1134]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA4FFDEC279C24997964F52" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[853,1011,1110,1134]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lochites">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC279C24997964F52" box="[853,1011,1110,1134]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Noblella lochites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B60FFA4FFDEC522C24991664F52" author="Reyes-Puig C & Maynard RJ & Trageser SJ" box="[1038,1283,1110,1134]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="162 - 71" refId="ref41678" refString="Reyes-Puig C, Maynard RJ, Trageser SJ et al. A new species of Noblella (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the Rio Manduriacu Reserve on the Pacific slopes from Ecuadorian Andes. Neotropical Biodiversity 2020; 6: 162 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 23766808.2020.1809287" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Reyes-Puig
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC5AAC24890D04F52" box="[1158,1205,1110,1134]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFA4FFDEC279C26A909F4FB1" blockId="22.[825,1474,820,1259]" box="[853,1274,1141,1165]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA4FFDEC279C26A97964FB1" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[853,1011,1141,1165]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lochites">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC279C26A97964FB1" box="[853,1011,1141,1165]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Noblella lochites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B60FFA4FFDEC523C26A90904FB1" author="Catenazzi A & Mamani L & Lehr E" box="[1039,1269,1141,1165]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref36916" refString="Catenazzi A, Mamani L, Lehr E et al. New genus of terrestrial-breeding frogs (Holoadeninae, Strabomantidae, Terrarana) from Southern Peru. Diversity 2020; 12: 184. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / d 12050184" type="journal volume" year="2020">
|
||
Catenazzi
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC55BC26990C34FB1" box="[1143,1190,1141,1165]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFA4FFDEC279C28A90B04F90" blockId="22.[825,1474,820,1259]" box="[853,1237,1173,1197]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA4FFDEC279C28A97964F91" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[853,1011,1173,1197]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lochites">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC279C28A97964F91" box="[853,1011,1173,1197]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Noblella lochites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B60FFA4FFDEC522C28A90AA4F91" author="Motta AP & Taucce GPP & Haddad BCF" box="[1038,1231,1173,1197]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="663 - 79" refId="ref40525" refString="Motta AP, Taucce GPP, Haddad BCF et al. A new terraranan genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with comments on the systematics of Brachycephaloidea (Amphibia: Anura). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 2021; 59: 663 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jzs. 12452" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Motta
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC57EC28A90E54F91" box="[1106,1152,1173,1197]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFA4FFDEC279C2AB916C4FF7" blockId="22.[825,1474,820,1259]" box="[853,1289,1204,1228]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA4FFDEC279C2AB97964FF0" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[853,1011,1204,1228]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lochites">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC279C2AB97964FF0" box="[853,1011,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Noblella lochites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B60FFA4FFDEC522C2AB91664FF0" author="Reyes-Puig C & Guayasamin JM & Koch C" box="[1038,1283,1204,1228]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="63 - 87" refId="ref41622" refString="Reyes-Puig C, Guayasamin JM, Koch C et al. A new species of the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from Ecuador, with new information for Noblella worleyae. Acta Herpetologica 2021; 16: 63 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.36253 / a _ h- 10742" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Reyes-Puig
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC5AAC2AA90D04FF0" box="[1158,1205,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFA4FFDEC279C2CC90B34FD7" blockId="22.[825,1474,820,1259]" box="[853,1238,1235,1259]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA4FFDEC279C2CC97964FD7" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[853,1011,1235,1259]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lochites">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC279C2CC97964FD7" box="[853,1011,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Noblella lochites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B60FFA4FFDEC522C2CC90B54FD7" author="Portik DM & Streicher JW & Wiens JJ" box="[1038,1232,1235,1259]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="107907 - 72" refId="ref41366" refString="Portik DM, Streicher JW, Wiens JJ. Frog phylogeny: a time-calibrated, species-level tree based on hundreds of loci and 5242 species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 2023; 188: 107907 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2023.107907" type="journal article" year="2023">
|
||
Portik
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC57FC2CB90E44FD7" box="[1107,1153,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2023)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366651AFFA4FFDEC215C31297CC4DEA" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFA4FFDEC215C31291D64EFD" blockId="22.[824,1475,1293,1473]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B143CCCFFA4FFDEC215C31291D64EFD" collectingDate="2014-04-03" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Fernando Ayala & Paloma Lima & Nadia Paez & Javier Pinto & Santiago R. Ron" country="Ecuador" county="Archidona canton" elevation="1417" latitude="-0.6847" location="Wildsumaco Wildlife Sanctuary" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-77.6002" municipality="Pacto Sumaco" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="QCAZ 57064" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="province of Napo" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC215C31291304E19" box="[825,1365,1293,1317]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C78833FFA4FFDEC215C31297F74E19" box="[825,914,1293,1317]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A14FFA4FFDEC285C31297904E19" box="[937,1013,1293,1317]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,890,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-443@23.[146,1426,881,1870]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Live and preserved specimens of Phyllonastes ecuadoriensis. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of: A, B, holotype QCAZ 57064, adult female, SVL = 18.07 mm; and C, paratype QCAZ 48916, subadult female.A, in life.B, C, in preservative.A scale bar is given only for preserved adults. The depigmentation visible in both specimens is attributable to preservation defects." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832721/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 12</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A14FFA4FFDEC52AC31290454E19" box="[1030,1056,1293,1317]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[130,195,1091,1115]" captionTargetBox="[321,1281,144,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-460@24.[321,1281,144,1064]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13.Palmar (A) and plantar (B) surfaces of Phyllonastes ecuadoriensis. Photographs of left hand and right foot of the holotype QCAZ 57064." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832725/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">13</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A14FFA4FFDEC51DC312903E4E19" box="[1073,1115,1293,1317]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="25.[115,180,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[222,1354,150,1740]" captionTargetId="figure-96@25.[202,1370,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 14.Skulls of Phyllonastes species. A, Phyllonastes ecuadoriensis QCAZ 57064. B, Phyllonastes heyeri QCAZ 24875. C, Phyllonastes macuma QCAZ 40180." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832727/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">14A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A14FFA4FFDEC542C31290FD4E19" box="[1134,1176,1293,1317]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="26.[129,194,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[319,1280,151,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-62@26.[307,1296,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 15. Skeletons of Phyllonastes species. A, Phyllonastes ecuadoriensis QCAZ 57064, SVL = 18.07 mm. B, Phyllonastes heyeri QCAZ 24875, SVL = 14.11 mm. C, Phyllonastes macuma QCAZ 40180, SVL = 11.92 mm. D, Phyllonastes myrmecoides QCAZ 53583, SVL = 11.13 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832729/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">15A</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBDA9EEAFFA4FFDEC5EEC31291304E19" box="[1218,1365,1293,1317]" collectionCode="QCAZ" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="Museum">QCAZ 57064</specimenCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(field no. SC-PUCE 45767)
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD18FFA4FFDEC2D4C33390164E78" box="[1016,1139,1324,1348]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="adult">adult female</specimenCount>
|
||
collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36B7601FFA4FFDEC5C3C33391DB4E78" box="[1263,1470,1324,1348]" name="Ecuador" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Republic of Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B8F873FFA4FFDEC214C354979C4E5F" box="[824,1017,1355,1379]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">province of Napo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62A24E1DFFA4FFDEC524C35490AC4E5F" box="[1032,1225,1355,1379]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Archidona canton</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA7ACEBFFA4FFDEC5F5C35391154E5F" box="[1241,1392,1355,1379]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pacto Sumaco</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
parish,
|
||
<location id="8EA3604AFFA4FFDEC215C37490E04EBF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D58787FFA4FFD3C2FEC52B96174DEC:8EA3604AFFA4FFDEC215C37490E04EBF" box="[825,1157,1387,1411]" country="Ecuador" county="Archidona canton" latitude="-0.6847" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-77.6002" municipality="Pacto Sumaco" name="Wildsumaco Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="province of Napo">Wildsumaco Wildlife Sanctuary</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EA3604AFFA4FFDEC5BDC37491284EBF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D58787FFA4FFD3C2FEC52B96174DEC:8EA3604AFFA4FFDEC5BDC37491284EBF" box="[1169,1357,1387,1411]" country="Ecuador" county="Archidona canton" latitude="-0.6847" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-77.6002" municipality="Pacto Sumaco" name="Las Cascadas trail" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="province of Napo">Las Cascadas trail</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE485056FFA4FFDEC471C37491DB4EBF" box="[1373,1470,1387,1411]" degrees="0.6847" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="5" value="-0.6847">0.6847°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE485056FFA4FFDEC215C39597D64E9E" box="[825,947,1418,1442]" degrees="77.6002" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="5" value="-77.6002">77.6002°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<elevation id="0051D1A2FFA4FFDEC2EBC395902B4E9E" box="[967,1102,1418,1442]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4169999999999998" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1417.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C849B74FFA4FFDEC2EBC395907C4E9D" box="[967,1049,1418,1442]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4169999999999998" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1417.0">1417 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, by
|
||
<collectorName id="26895347FFA4FFDEC552C39591414E9E" box="[1150,1316,1418,1442]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fernando Ayala</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26895347FFA4FFDEC41EC39591DB4E9E" box="[1330,1470,1418,1442]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Paloma Lima</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26895347FFA4FFDEC215C3B697C84EFD" box="[825,941,1449,1473]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Nadia Páez</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26895347FFA4FFDEC299C3B690484EFD" box="[949,1069,1449,1473]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Javier Pinto</collectorName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectorName id="26895347FFA4FFDEC54DC3B691624EFD" box="[1121,1287,1449,1473]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Santiago R. Ron</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FFC21051FFA4FFDEC400C3B691D54EFD" box="[1324,1456,1449,1473]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2014-04-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF86E9B9FFA4FFDEC400C3B691D54EFD" box="[1324,1456,1449,1473]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2014-04-03">3 April 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFA4FFDEC215C3FC97CC4DEA" blockId="22.[824,1474,1507,1750]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B143CCCFFA4FFDEC215C3FC97F94D44" collectingDate="2010-07-15" collectionCode="QCAZ" collectorName="Jeffrey Camper & D. J. Zart" country="Ecuador" county="All" elevation="1465" latitude="-0.67744" location="Wildsumaco Wildlife Sanctuary" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-77.60133" municipality="Province of Napo" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="QCAZ 48916" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Napo" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC215C3FC902A4EC6" box="[825,1103,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C78833FFA4FFDEC215C3FC97FD4EC6" box="[825,920,1507,1530]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(N = 4;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A14FFA4FFDEC2D4C3FC90594EC7" box="[1016,1084,1507,1531]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,890,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-443@23.[146,1426,881,1870]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Live and preserved specimens of Phyllonastes ecuadoriensis. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of: A, B, holotype QCAZ 57064, adult female, SVL = 18.07 mm; and C, paratype QCAZ 48916, subadult female.A, in life.B, C, in preservative.A scale bar is given only for preserved adults. The depigmentation visible in both specimens is attributable to preservation defects." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832721/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
All collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36B7601FFA4FFDEC429C3FC91384EC7" box="[1285,1373,1507,1531]" name="Ecuador" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA7ACEBFFA4FFDEC44BC3FC97F24D25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Province of Napo</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBDA9EEAFFA4FFDEC289C01D905E4D26" box="[933,1083,1538,1562]" collectionCode="QCAZ" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="Museum">QCAZ 48916</specimenCode>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD18FFA4FFDEC56BC01D908A4D26" box="[1095,1263,1538,1562]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="subadult">subadult female</specimenCount>
|
||
, province of Napo,
|
||
<location id="8EA3604AFFA4FFDEC215C03E90EB4D05" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D58787FFA4FFD3C2FEC52B96174DEC:8EA3604AFFA4FFDEC215C03E90EB4D05" box="[825,1166,1569,1593]" country="Ecuador" county="All" latitude="-0.67744" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-77.60133" municipality="Province of Napo" name="Wildsumaco Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Napo">Wildsumaco Wildlife Sanctuary</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EA3604AFFA4FFDEC5B2C03E91594D05" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D58787FFA4FFD3C2FEC52B96174DEC:8EA3604AFFA4FFDEC5B2C03E91594D05" box="[1182,1340,1569,1593]" country="Ecuador" county="All" latitude="-0.67744" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-77.60133" municipality="Province of Napo" name="Benavides trail" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Napo">Benavides trail</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE485056FFA4FFDEC47CC03E91DA4D05" box="[1360,1471,1569,1593]" degrees="0.67744" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="1" value="-0.67744">0.67744°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE485056FFA4FFDEC215C05E97A54D65" box="[825,960,1601,1625]" degrees="77.60133" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="1" value="-77.60133">77.60133°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<elevation id="0051D1A2FFA4FFDEC2FFC05F903C4D65" box="[979,1113,1600,1625]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.465" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1465.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C849B74FFA4FFDEC2FFC05F90414D64" box="[979,1060,1600,1624]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.465" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1465.0">1465 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26895347FFA4FFDEC549C05E91674D65" box="[1125,1282,1601,1625]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Jeffrey Camper</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26895347FFA4FFDEC414C05E91F84D64" box="[1336,1437,1601,1624]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">D. J. Zart</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC21051FFA4FFDEC484C05F97F94D44" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2010-07-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF86E9B9FFA4FFDEC484C05F97F94D44" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2010-07-15">15 July 2010</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B143CCCFFA4FFDEC289C07F90BF4D44" box="[933,1242,1632,1656]" collectingDate="2018-06-21" collectionCode="ZSFQ" collectorName="David Brito-Zapata & Jose Vieira & Malki Bustos" country="Ecuador" elevation="1160" latitude="-0.682" location="Reserva Narupa" longLatPrecision="558" longitude="-77.74" municipality="Archidona" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="ZSFQ 346-347, ZSFQ 348" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Napo" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBDA9EEAFFA4FFDEC289C07F90234D44" box="[933,1094,1632,1656]" collectionCode="ZSFQ" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ZSFQ 346–347</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD18FFA4FFDEC563C07F90B34D44" box="[1103,1238,1632,1656]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="adult">adult females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B143CCCFFA4FFDEC5F2C07F97C14DEA" collectingDate="2018-06-21" collectionCode="ZSFQ" collectorName="David Brito-Zapata & Jose Vieira & Malki Bustos" country="Ecuador" elevation="1160" latitude="-0.682" location="Reserva Narupa" longLatPrecision="558" longitude="-77.74" municipality="Archidona" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="ZSFQ 346-347, ZSFQ 348" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Napo" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBDA9EEAFFA4FFDEC5F2C07F912E4D44" box="[1246,1355,1632,1656]" collectionCode="ZSFQ" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ZSFQ 348</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD18FFA4FFDEC47FC07F91DB4D44" box="[1363,1470,1632,1656]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="adult">adult male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA7ACEBFFA4FFDEC214C06097964DAB" box="[824,1011,1663,1687]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Archidona canton</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EA3604AFFA4FFDEC2D1C09F90C74DAB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D58787FFA4FFD3C2FEC52B96174DEC:8EA3604AFFA4FFDEC2D1C09F90C74DAB" box="[1021,1186,1664,1687]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-0.682" longLatPrecision="558" longitude="-77.74" municipality="Archidona canton" name="Reserva Narupa" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Napo">Reserva Narupa</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE485056FFA4FFDEC59CC06091614DAB" box="[1200,1284,1663,1687]" degrees="0.682" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="55" value="-0.682">0.682°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE485056FFA4FFDEC422C060910B4DAB" box="[1294,1390,1663,1687]" degrees="77,74" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="555" value="-77.74">77,74°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<elevation id="0051D1A2FFA4FFDEC453C06097D94D8B" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" metricValueMax="1.17" metricValueMin="1.15" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1160.0" valueMax="1170.0" valueMin="1150.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C849B74FFA4FFDEC453C06097EC4D8A" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" metricValueMax="1.17" metricValueMin="1.15" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1160.0" valueMax="1170.0" valueMin="1150.0">1150– 1170 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26895347FFA4FFDEC2EBC08090F44D8B" box="[967,1169,1695,1719]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">David Brito-Zapata</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26895347FFA4FFDEC5B7C080916F4D8B" box="[1179,1290,1695,1719]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Jose Vieira</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26895347FFA4FFDEC439C08091F84D8A" box="[1301,1437,1695,1719]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Malki Bustos</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC21051FFA4FFDEC484C08097C14DEA" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2018-06-21">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF86E9B9FFA4FFDEC484C08097C14DEA" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2018-06-21">21 June 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366651AFFA4FFDEC215C11F91A64C6D" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFA4FFDEC215C11F91E14C24" blockId="22.[825,1412,1792,1816]" box="[825,1412,1792,1816]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC215C11F901E4C24" box="[825,1147,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Proposed standard English name:</emphasis>
|
||
Ecuadorian leaflitter frog.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFA4FFDEC215C12691A64C6D" blockId="22.[825,1475,1849,1873]" box="[825,1475,1849,1873]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC215C12690194C6D" box="[825,1148,1849,1873]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Proposed standard Spanish name:</emphasis>
|
||
Cutín de Hojarasca ecuatoriano.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366651AFFA4FFDFC215C16C97F54A3A" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFA4FFDFC215C16C97F54A3A" blockId="22.[825,1474,1906,1962]" lastBlockId="23.[810,1460,144,262]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC215C16C97FF4CB7" box="[825,922,1907,1931]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Definition</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A14FFA4FFDEC286C16C97964CB7" box="[938,1011,1907,1931]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,890,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-443@23.[146,1426,881,1870]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Live and preserved specimens of Phyllonastes ecuadoriensis. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of: A, B, holotype QCAZ 57064, adult female, SVL = 18.07 mm; and C, paratype QCAZ 48916, subadult female.A, in life.B, C, in preservative.A scale bar is given only for preserved adults. The depigmentation visible in both specimens is attributable to preservation defects." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832721/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 12</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A14FFA4FFDEC2D1C16C90724CB7" box="[1021,1047,1907,1931]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[130,195,1091,1115]" captionTargetBox="[321,1281,144,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-460@24.[321,1281,144,1064]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13.Palmar (A) and plantar (B) surfaces of Phyllonastes ecuadoriensis. Photographs of left hand and right foot of the holotype QCAZ 57064." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832725/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">13</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A14FFA4FFDEC50EC16C90294CB7" box="[1058,1100,1907,1931]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="25.[115,180,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[222,1354,150,1740]" captionTargetId="figure-96@25.[202,1370,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 14.Skulls of Phyllonastes species. A, Phyllonastes ecuadoriensis QCAZ 57064. B, Phyllonastes heyeri QCAZ 24875. C, Phyllonastes macuma QCAZ 40180." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832727/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">14A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A14FFA4FFDEC574C16D90E74CB6" box="[1112,1154,1906,1930]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="26.[129,194,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[319,1280,151,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-62@26.[307,1296,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 15. Skeletons of Phyllonastes species. A, Phyllonastes ecuadoriensis QCAZ 57064, SVL = 18.07 mm. B, Phyllonastes heyeri QCAZ 24875, SVL = 14.11 mm. C, Phyllonastes macuma QCAZ 40180, SVL = 11.92 mm. D, Phyllonastes myrmecoides QCAZ 53583, SVL = 11.13 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832729/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">15A</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FE032AFFA4FFDEC5BCC16C90814CB7" box="[1168,1252,1907,1931]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="11.[109,164,664,689]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Table 2. General morphological characters of Phyllonastes and Urkuphryne species. Abbreviations: A, absent; Exp, expanded; I, indistinct; NExp, not expanded; P, present; SExp, slightly expanded; Und, undifferentiated; Ukn, unknown; Wdef, weakly defined. Character states are based on specimens deposited at Museo de Zoología of Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ) and from the literature: Boulenger (1898), Miranda-Ribeiro (1920), Parker (1926, 1932), Miranda-Ribeiro (1937), Cochran (1955), Lutz (1958), Griffiths (1959), Bokermann (1966), Heyer (1969), Bokermann (1975), Lynch (1975, 1976, 1986), Heyer (1977), De la Riva (1992, 2007), Köhler (2000), Aguayo-Vedia and Harvey (2001), Caramaschi and Pombal (2006), Lehr (2006), Heinicke et al.(2007), De la Riva et al. (2008a, b, 2018), Hedges et al. (2008), Guayasamin and Terán-Valdez (2009), Lehr and Catenazzi (2009a, b, 2010), Harvey et al. (2013), De la Riva and Burrowes (2014), Catenazzi et al. (2015, 2020), Catenazzi and Ttito (2016, 2018, 2019), Mamani et al. (2017), Reyes-Puig et al. (2019, 2020); Santa Cruz et al. (2019), Dubois et al. (2021), Motta et al. (2021), Reyes-Puig et al. (2021)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF036619FFB9FFC3C141C48796BE4865" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" tableUuid="DF036619FFB9FFC3C141C48796BE4865">Tables 2</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FE032AFFA4FFDEC43FC16C91454CB7" box="[1299,1312,1907,1931]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="18.[109,164,620,645]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Table 3. General morphological characters of Phyllonastes and Urkuphryne species. Finger and toe characters of Phyllonastes and Urkuphryne species. Abbreviations: A, absent; Exp, expanded; I, indistinct; NExp, not expanded; P, present; SExp, slightly expanded; Und, undifferentiated; Ukn, unknown; Wdef, weakly defined.Character states are based on specimens deposited at Museo de Zoología of Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ) and from the literature: Boulenger (1898), Miranda-Ribeiro (1920), Parker (1926, 1932), Miranda-Ribeiro (1937), Cochran (1955), Lutz (1958), Griffiths (1959), Bokermann (1966), Heyer (1969), Bokermann (1975), Lynch (1975, 1976, 1986), Heyer (1977), De la Riva (1992, 2007), Köhler (2000), Aguayo-Vedia and Harvey (2001), Caramaschi and Pombal (2006), Lehr (2006), Heinicke et al. (2007), De la Riva et al. (2008a, b, 2018), Hedges et al.(2008), Guayasamin and Terán-Valdez (2009), Lehr and Catenazzi (2009a, b, 2010), Harvey et al. (2013), De la Riva and Burrowes (2014), Catenazzi et al. (2015, 2020), Catenazzi and Ttito (2016, 2018, 2019), Mamani et al.(2017), Reyes-Puig et al. (2019, 2020); Santa Cruz et al. (2019), Dubois et al. (2021), Motta et al. (2021), Reyes-Puig et al. (2021)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF036619FFA0FFDAC141C47390344811" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" tableUuid="DF036619FFA0FFDAC141C47390344811">3</tableCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC40DC16C91564CB6" box="[1313,1331,1907,1930]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">):</emphasis>
|
||
We assign the new species to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA4FFDEC56CC18D90D24C96" authorityName="Heyer" authorityYear="1977" box="[1088,1207,1938,1962]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA4FFDEC56CC18D90D24C96" box="[1088,1207,1938,1962]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Phyllonastes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on its phylogenetic relationships. The new species is characterized by: (1) skin on dorsum and flanks shagreen, dorsolateral folds absent, ventral surfaces smooth, discoidal fold present; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus distinct, supratympanic fold present, postrictal tubercles present or absent; (3) snout truncate in dorsal view and rounded in lateral view; (4) upper eyelid without tubercles, cranial crests absent; (5) vomerine teeth absent; (6) vocal slits present, nuptial pads absent; (7) fingers slightly expanded distally, with fingertips acuminate, bearing papillae, finger I shorter than finger II, supernumerary tubercles absent; (8) fingers without lateral fringes or circumferential grooves; (9) distal phalanges blunt or T-shaped, phalangeal formula of hand 2-2-3-2; (10) ulnar tubercles absent; (11) knees and heels without tubercles, outer edge of tarsus without tubercles, inner edge of tarsus bearing one subconical tubercle; (12) inner metatarsal tubercle large, elongate in ventral view and rounded in lateral view, bigger than knob of outer metatarsal tubercle; (13) toes expanded distally, with acuminate toe tips and bearing papillae, supernumerary tubercles present, toes bearing narrow lateral fringes, toe basal webbing absent, all toes bearing ill-defined pads and circumferential grooves, toe V shorter than toe III; (14) in life, dorsum brown, with faint dark marks and chevrons in some specimens, throat brown, contrasting with paler belly, dark mask extending onto flanks; and (15) SVL in adult males 14.0 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA5FFDFC2BBC6D097CF4BDA" box="[919,938,207,230]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 1) and SVL in adult females
|
||
<quantity id="4C849B74FFA5FFDFC5DDC6D0913C4BDA" box="[1265,1369,207,231]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.676" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="16.76">16.76 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA5FFDFC447C6D0911B4BDA" box="[1387,1406,207,230]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 3) (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FE032AFFA5FFDFC219C6F197E54A3A" box="[821,896,238,262]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="21.[113,168,1190,1214]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Table 4. Snout–vent length (SVL; in millimetres) and SD (in parentheses) for adult females and males.of Phyllonastes and Urkuphryne new species. The number of individuals is given in parentheses after the sex.For each group, minimum (Min) and maximum (Max) values are also shown." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF036619FFA7FFDDC15DC2B994D34FCA" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" tableUuid="DF036619FFA7FFDDC15DC2B994D34FCA">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366651AFFA5FFD0C206C737957D4FE2" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFA5FFD0C206C737957D4FE2" blockId="23.[810,1463,295,821]" lastBlockId="24.[129,777,1191,1247]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA5FFDFC206C73790C04A03" box="[810,1189,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Diagnosis:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA5FFDFC288C73890C04A03" authorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" authorityYear="2025" box="[932,1189,295,319]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ecuadoriensis">Phyllonastes ecuadoriensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
resembles the closely related
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA5FFDFC24FC75897A54A63" authorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Guayasamin & Teran-Valdez" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[867,960,327,351]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coloma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA5FFDFC24FC75897A54A63" box="[867,960,327,351]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. coloma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA5FFDFC2DBC75890134A62" authorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[1015,1142,327,350]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA5FFDFC2DBC75890134A62" box="[1015,1142,327,350]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. personinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of a tympanic membrane and supratympanic fold, acuminate fingertips and toe tips, and dark brown mask. It differs from them by having only two phalanges in finger IV (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA5FFDFC5BAC7BA90934A81" authorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Guayasamin & Teran-Valdez" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1174,1270,421,445]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coloma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA5FFDFC5BAC7BA90934A81" box="[1174,1270,421,445]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. coloma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA5FFDFC41DC7BA91D64A80" authorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[1329,1459,421,444]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA5FFDFC41DC7BA91D64A80" box="[1329,1459,421,444]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. personinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bear three phalanges in finger IV), truncate snout in dorsal view (round in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA5FFDFC2B8C7FB97954AC7" authorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Guayasamin & Teran-Valdez" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[916,1008,483,507]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coloma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA5FFDFC2B8C7FB97954AC7" box="[916,1008,483,507]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. coloma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA5FFDFC50EC7FB90FA4AC7" authorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[1058,1183,484,507]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA5FFDFC50EC7FB90FA4AC7" box="[1058,1183,484,507]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. personinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), fingers slightly expanded distally (fingers not expanded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA5FFDFC55FC41C90A84927" authorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Guayasamin & Teran-Valdez" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1139,1229,515,539]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coloma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA5FFDFC55FC41C90A84927" box="[1139,1229,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. coloma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nor
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA5FFDFC5D7C41C91124926" authorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[1275,1399,515,538]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA5FFDFC5D7C41C91124926" box="[1275,1399,515,538]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. personinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and toes expanded distally (toes slightly expanded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA5FFDFC400C43C91EC4906" authorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Guayasamin & Teran-Valdez" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1324,1417,546,570]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coloma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA5FFDFC400C43C91EC4906" box="[1324,1417,546,570]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. coloma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nor
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA5FFDFC200C45D97CC4965" authorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[812,937,578,601]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA5FFDFC200C45D97CC4965" box="[812,937,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. personinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); by the absence of supernumerary palmar tubercles (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA5FFDFC2E1C47E904D4945" authorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Guayasamin & Teran-Valdez" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[973,1064,609,633]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coloma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA5FFDFC2E1C47E904D4945" box="[973,1064,609,633]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. coloma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA5FFDFC576C47E90B24944" authorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[1114,1239,609,632]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA5FFDFC576C47E90B24944" box="[1114,1239,609,632]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. personinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and by the presence of supernumerary plantar tubercles (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA5FFDFC423C49E910949A4" authorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Guayasamin & Teran-Valdez" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1295,1388,640,664]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coloma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA5FFDFC423C49E910949A4" box="[1295,1388,640,664]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. coloma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA5FFDFC48EC49E97F4498B" authorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" baseAuthorityYear="2013" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA5FFDFC48EC49E97F4498B" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. personinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA5FFDFC28BC48090C0498B" authorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" authorityYear="2025" box="[935,1189,671,695]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ecuadoriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA5FFDFC28BC48090C0498B" box="[935,1189,671,695]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Phyllonastes ecuadoriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA5FFDFC474C4BF91D6498B" authorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Guayasamin & Teran-Valdez" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1368,1459,671,695]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coloma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA5FFDFC474C4BF91D6498B" box="[1368,1459,671,695]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. coloma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of papillae on fingertips and toe tips (both absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA5FFDFC259C4C097B549CA" authorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Guayasamin & Teran-Valdez" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[885,976,734,758]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coloma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA5FFDFC259C4C097B549CA" box="[885,976,734,758]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. coloma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA5FFDFC560C4C090AF49CA" authorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[1100,1226,735,758]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA5FFDFC560C4C090AF49CA" box="[1100,1226,735,758]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. personinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having dorsum and flanks shagreen (dorsum smooth with few low pustules and flanks smooth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA5FFDFC2C9C50290034808" authorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[997,1126,797,820]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA5FFDFC2C9C50290034808" box="[997,1126,797,820]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. personinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). For a comparison with other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFAAFFD0C1ADC2B8952C4F83" box="[129,329,1191,1215]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFAAFFD0C1ADC2B8949D4F83" box="[129,248,1191,1215]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Phyllonastes</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that are more phylogenetically distant, see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FE032AFFAAFFD0C1ADC2D894B04FE3" box="[129,213,1223,1247]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="11.[109,164,664,689]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Table 2. General morphological characters of Phyllonastes and Urkuphryne species. Abbreviations: A, absent; Exp, expanded; I, indistinct; NExp, not expanded; P, present; SExp, slightly expanded; Und, undifferentiated; Ukn, unknown; Wdef, weakly defined. Character states are based on specimens deposited at Museo de Zoología of Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ) and from the literature: Boulenger (1898), Miranda-Ribeiro (1920), Parker (1926, 1932), Miranda-Ribeiro (1937), Cochran (1955), Lutz (1958), Griffiths (1959), Bokermann (1966), Heyer (1969), Bokermann (1975), Lynch (1975, 1976, 1986), Heyer (1977), De la Riva (1992, 2007), Köhler (2000), Aguayo-Vedia and Harvey (2001), Caramaschi and Pombal (2006), Lehr (2006), Heinicke et al.(2007), De la Riva et al. (2008a, b, 2018), Hedges et al. (2008), Guayasamin and Terán-Valdez (2009), Lehr and Catenazzi (2009a, b, 2010), Harvey et al. (2013), De la Riva and Burrowes (2014), Catenazzi et al. (2015, 2020), Catenazzi and Ttito (2016, 2018, 2019), Mamani et al. (2017), Reyes-Puig et al. (2019, 2020); Santa Cruz et al. (2019), Dubois et al. (2021), Motta et al. (2021), Reyes-Puig et al. (2021)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF036619FFB9FFC3C141C48796BE4865" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" tableUuid="DF036619FFB9FFC3C141C48796BE4865">Tables 2</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FE032AFFAAFFD0C029C2D895774FE3" box="[261,274,1223,1247]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="18.[109,164,620,645]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Table 3. General morphological characters of Phyllonastes and Urkuphryne species. Finger and toe characters of Phyllonastes and Urkuphryne species. Abbreviations: A, absent; Exp, expanded; I, indistinct; NExp, not expanded; P, present; SExp, slightly expanded; Und, undifferentiated; Ukn, unknown; Wdef, weakly defined.Character states are based on specimens deposited at Museo de Zoología of Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ) and from the literature: Boulenger (1898), Miranda-Ribeiro (1920), Parker (1926, 1932), Miranda-Ribeiro (1937), Cochran (1955), Lutz (1958), Griffiths (1959), Bokermann (1966), Heyer (1969), Bokermann (1975), Lynch (1975, 1976, 1986), Heyer (1977), De la Riva (1992, 2007), Köhler (2000), Aguayo-Vedia and Harvey (2001), Caramaschi and Pombal (2006), Lehr (2006), Heinicke et al. (2007), De la Riva et al. (2008a, b, 2018), Hedges et al.(2008), Guayasamin and Terán-Valdez (2009), Lehr and Catenazzi (2009a, b, 2010), Harvey et al. (2013), De la Riva and Burrowes (2014), Catenazzi et al. (2015, 2020), Catenazzi and Ttito (2016, 2018, 2019), Mamani et al.(2017), Reyes-Puig et al. (2019, 2020); Santa Cruz et al. (2019), Dubois et al. (2021), Motta et al. (2021), Reyes-Puig et al. (2021)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF036619FFA0FFDAC141C47390344811" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" tableUuid="DF036619FFA0FFDAC141C47390344811">3</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF036619FFA5FFDFC15DC17590544C87" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832721" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14832721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832721/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[113,178,1898,1922]" targetBox="[151,1419,890,1833]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFA5FFDFC15DC17590544C87" blockId="23.[113,1417,1898,1979]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA5FFDFC15DC17594B34CBF" bold="true" box="[113,214,1898,1923]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Live and preserved specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA5FFDFC33EC17597714CBE" authorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" authorityYear="2025" box="[530,788,1898,1922]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ecuadoriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA5FFDFC33EC17597714CBE" bold="true" box="[530,788,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Phyllonastes ecuadoriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of: A, B, holotype
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA5FFDFC42EC17491E64CBF" box="[1282,1411,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">QCAZ 57064</emphasis>
|
||
, adult female, SVL = 18.07 mm; and C, paratype QCAZ 48916, subadult female. A, in life. B, C, in preservative. A scale bar is given only for preserved adults. The depigmentation visible in both specimens is attributable to preservation defects.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF036619FFAAFFD0C1AEC25C94A74F4B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832725" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14832725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832725/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[130,195,1091,1115]" targetBox="[321,1281,144,1064]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFAAFFD0C1AEC25C94A74F4B" blockId="24.[129,1452,1091,1143]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFAAFFD0C1AEC25C94834F67" bold="true" box="[130,230,1091,1115]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Palmar (A) and plantar (B) surfaces of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFAAFFD0C37BC25C973C4F67" authorityName="Ortega & Cisneros-Heredia & Camper & Romero-Carvajal & Negrete & Ron" authorityYear="2025" box="[599,857,1091,1115]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ecuadoriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFAAFFD0C37BC25C973C4F67" bold="true" box="[599,857,1091,1115]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Phyllonastes ecuadoriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Photographs of left hand and right foot of the holotype
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFAAFFD0C440C25B94D84F4B" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">QCAZ 57064</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366651AFFAAFFD3C1ADC318957F4F33" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFAAFFD0C1ADC31895604E87" blockId="24.[128,780,1286,1968]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFAAFFD0C1ADC318950B4E22" box="[129,366,1286,1310]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C78833FFAAFFD0C030C319950B4E22" box="[284,366,1286,1310]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A14FFAAFFD0C0AAC31995B34E22" box="[390,470,1286,1310]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,890,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-443@23.[146,1426,881,1870]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Live and preserved specimens of Phyllonastes ecuadoriensis. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of: A, B, holotype QCAZ 57064, adult female, SVL = 18.07 mm; and C, paratype QCAZ 48916, subadult female.A, in life.B, C, in preservative.A scale bar is given only for preserved adults. The depigmentation visible in both specimens is attributable to preservation defects." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832721/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs 12</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A14FFAAFFD0C0C5C31996664E22" box="[489,515,1286,1310]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[130,195,1091,1115]" captionTargetBox="[321,1281,144,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-460@24.[321,1281,144,1064]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13.Palmar (A) and plantar (B) surfaces of Phyllonastes ecuadoriensis. Photographs of left hand and right foot of the holotype QCAZ 57064." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832725/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">13</figureCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFAAFFD0C32FC31996704E21" box="[515,533,1286,1309]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">):</emphasis>
|
||
Adult female (
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFAAFFD0C3E8C31994A74E01" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">QCAZ 57064</emphasis>
|
||
). Measurements (in millimetres): SVL, 18.1; tibia length, 9.3; foot length, 8.1; head length, 5.8; head width, 6.2; eye diameter, 2.2; tympanum diameter, 1.3; interorbital distance, 2.7; upper eyelid width, 1.5; internarial distance, 2.09; eye–nostril distance, 1.6.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFAAFFD0C1B0C3DD976E4DC8" blockId="24.[128,780,1286,1968]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Body robust, head is not distinct from body, head slightly wider than long. Snout truncate in dorsal view and rounded in lateral view, without rostral papilla; canthus rostralis slightly concave; interorbital space flat, with no cranial crests; tympanic membrane distinct, tympanic annulus prominent on anterior and ventral borders, and a broad and low supratympanic fold resembling a bulge is present dorsally; postrictal tubercles absent; vomerine teeth absent; tongue large, lanceolate, and with a straight posterior border; vocal slits and nuptial pads absent; lips are not flared; nostrils are elongate and slightly protuberant.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFAAFFD0C1B0C0E490C74E47" blockId="24.[128,780,1286,1968]" lastBlockId="24.[824,1476,1191,1874]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Skin of dorsum and flanks shagreen, top of the head and upper eyelid smooth; dorsolateral folds absent; ventral surfaces smooth; skin in cloacal region areolate; discoidal fold present. Ulnar tubercles absent, palmar tubercles distinct, low; outer palmar tubercle elongate, proximally wider and about twice the size of the elongate thenar tubercle; subarticular tubercles ill-defined, elongate, and low; supernumerary tubercles absent; dermal fringes on fingers absent; discs narrow, bearing round and inconspicuous pads without circumferential grooves. Phalangeal formula is 2-2-3-2 and relative length of fingers is I <II <IV <III. Fingers are slightly expanded distally, with acuminate tips that are dorsoventrally flattened, papilla present, and antebrachial ornamentation absent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFAAFFD0C279C39C90D34C6E" blockId="24.[824,1476,1191,1874]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hindlimbs robust; knee and heel without tubercles; tarsal folds (inner and outer) absent. Outer tarsal tubercles absent; inner tarsal tubercle present, prominent, round in ventral view and subconical in lateral view, and about half the size of the outer metatarsal tubercle and in line with the inner metatarsal tubercle. Inner metatarsal tubercle elongate, ~1.5 × length of outer metatarsal tubercle. The latter is knob like and protrudes posteriorly. Subarticular tubercles low and rounded, supernumerary tubercles minute and ill defined. Toes with narrow lateral dermal fringes; basal webbing between toes absent; discs on toes ill defined, toes expanded distally bearing papilla; ill-defined circumferential grooves; relative lengths of toes I <II <V <III <IV; toe III longer than toe V (toe III reaches the distal border of the second subarticular tubercle of toe IV; toe V almost reaches the half of the second tubercle of toe IV).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFAAFFD2C215C16690BB4C91" blockId="24.[825,1474,1913,1969]" lastBlockId="26.[825,1475,1878,1966]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFAAFFD0C215C16691A74CAC" box="[825,1474,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Colour of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C78833FFAAFFD0C2B0C166978B4CAD" box="[924,1006,1913,1937]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in life (based on digital photographs) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A14FFAAFFD0C441C16691D54CAD" box="[1389,1456,1913,1937]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,890,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-443@23.[146,1426,881,1870]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Live and preserved specimens of Phyllonastes ecuadoriensis. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of: A, B, holotype QCAZ 57064, adult female, SVL = 18.07 mm; and C, paratype QCAZ 48916, subadult female.A, in life.B, C, in preservative.A scale bar is given only for preserved adults. The depigmentation visible in both specimens is attributable to preservation defects." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832721/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum is light greyish orange, becoming more orange towards the cloacal region, bearing dark brown blotches fading posteriorly and a pair of dark sacral lateral patches that do not touch medially. Facial mask dark brown, almost black; the mask extends posteriorly on the flanks halfway to the hindlimb insertion; the dark facial pigment extends dorsally to the eyelid; posterior to the mask extension, flanks are medium brown with light flecking. Lips dark brown, with few irregular white flecks. Forearms are brown, with two pale bands on the left and 1.5 on the right. Dorsal surfaces of hindlimbs orange–brown, with dark brown transversal bars bordered by lighter colour. Throat uniformly dark brown, with an orange flecking anteriorly. Ventral surfaces of upper arms, thighs, and belly bright orange, with scattered dark brown flecks. Ventral surfaces of forearms and shanks dark brown, with small bright orange blotches. Cloacal region dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF036619FFABFFD1C15FC0F395344C23" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832727" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14832727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832727/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[115,180,1772,1796]" targetBox="[222,1354,150,1740]" targetPageId="25" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFABFFD1C15FC0F395344C23" blockId="25.[113,1414,1772,1824]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFABFFD1C15FC0F394BD4C38" bold="true" box="[115,216,1772,1796]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||
Skulls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFABFFD1C003C0F396674C38" box="[303,514,1772,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFABFFD1C003C0F395FB4C38" box="[303,414,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Phyllonastes</emphasis>
|
||
species. A
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFABFFD1C326C0F397F74C38" box="[522,914,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFABFFD1C326C0F397344C3F" authority="QCAZ" authorityName="QCAZ" box="[522,849,1772,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ecuadoriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFABFFD1C326C0F397694C38" bold="true" box="[522,780,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Phyllonastes ecuadoriensis</emphasis>
|
||
QCAZ
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
57064
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFABFFD1C299C0F390C24C38" authority="QCAZ" authorityName="QCAZ" box="[949,1191,1772,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFABFFD1C299C0F3903B4C38" box="[949,1118,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Phyllonastes heyeri</emphasis>
|
||
QCAZ
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
24875. C,
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFABFFD1C420C0F3952E4C1C" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFABFFD1C420C0F3956F4C23" authority="QCAZ" authorityName="QCAZ" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macuma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFABFFD1C420C0F394A04C23" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Phyllonastes macuma</emphasis>
|
||
QCAZ
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
40180
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF036619FFA8FFD2C1ADC0F395494C07" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832729" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14832729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832729/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" startId="26.[129,194,1772,1796]" targetBox="[319,1280,151,1731]" targetPageId="26" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFA8FFD2C1ADC0F391194C1C" blockId="26.[129,1404,1772,1852]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA8FFD2C1ADC0F394804C38" bold="true" box="[129,229,1772,1796]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 15.</emphasis>
|
||
Skeletons of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA8FFD2C04DC0F396514C38" box="[353,564,1772,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA8FFD2C04DC0F395B54C38" box="[353,464,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Phyllonastes</emphasis>
|
||
species. A
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA8FFD2C310C0F397A14C38" box="[572,964,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA8FFD2C310C0F397E64C3F" authority="QCAZ" authorityName="QCAZ" box="[572,899,1772,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ecuadoriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA8FFD2C310C0F3975B4C38" bold="true" box="[572,830,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Phyllonastes ecuadoriensis</emphasis>
|
||
QCAZ
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
57064
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, SVL = 18.07 mm. B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA8FFD2C5B9C0F3915A4C38" box="[1173,1343,1772,1796]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA8FFD2C5B9C0F3915A4C38" box="[1173,1343,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Phyllonastes heyeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
QCAZ 24875, SVL = 14.11 mm. C,
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA8FFD2C0F5C11797574C1C" box="[473,818,1800,1824]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA8FFD2C0F5C11796944C23" authority="QCAZ" authorityName="QCAZ" box="[473,753,1800,1824]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macuma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA8FFD2C0F5C11796C94C23" bold="true" box="[473,684,1800,1824]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Phyllonastes macuma</emphasis>
|
||
QCAZ
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
40180
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, SVL = 11.92 mm. D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA8FFD2C52AC11791504C1C" authority="QCAZ" authorityName="QCAZ" box="[1030,1333,1800,1824]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myrmecoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA8FFD2C52AC11790884C1C" box="[1030,1261,1800,1824]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Phyllonastes myrmecoides</emphasis>
|
||
QCAZ
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
53583,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFA8FFD2C1ADC13B95494C07" blockId="26.[129,1404,1772,1852]" box="[129,300,1828,1852]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">SVL = 11.13 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFA9FFD3C15DC68F95DA4ABF" blockId="27.[112,763,144,387]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA9FFD3C15DC68F967B4B9B" box="[113,542,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Colour of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C78833FFA9FFD3C1F8C68F95434B94" box="[212,294,144,168]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in preservative (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A14FFA9FFD3C0E5C68E966E4B94" box="[457,523,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,890,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-443@23.[146,1426,881,1870]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Live and preserved specimens of Phyllonastes ecuadoriensis. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of: A, B, holotype QCAZ 57064, adult female, SVL = 18.07 mm; and C, paratype QCAZ 48916, subadult female.A, in life.B, C, in preservative.A scale bar is given only for preserved adults. The depigmentation visible in both specimens is attributable to preservation defects." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832721/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal surfaces dark brown; dorsum bearing a pair of darker sacral lateral patches; limbs with darker transversal bars. Throat, ventral surfaces of forearms, shanks, and feet dark brown, bearing cream flecks densely grouped on the posterior half of shanks. Chest, belly, and ventral surfaces of upper arms and thighs cream, with faint dark brown flecks. Posterior surfaces of thighs dark brown. Cloacal region dark brown, almost black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFA9FFD3C15DC7BA957F4F33" blockId="27.[112,765,421,1040]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA9FFD3C15DC7BA95504A80" box="[113,309,421,445]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Variation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A14FFA9FFD3C1F3C7BA95464A81" box="[223,291,421,445]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,890,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-443@23.[146,1426,881,1870]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Live and preserved specimens of Phyllonastes ecuadoriensis. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of: A, B, holotype QCAZ 57064, adult female, SVL = 18.07 mm; and C, paratype QCAZ 48916, subadult female.A, in life.B, C, in preservative.A scale bar is given only for preserved adults. The depigmentation visible in both specimens is attributable to preservation defects." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832721/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In this section, traits refer to preserved individuals unless otherwise mentioned. Tympanic annulus can be completely differentiated as in QCAZ 48916. The same specimen also presents an inconspicuous supratympanic fold (might be a preservation effect), dorsal surfaces dark brown, with white big irregular blotches in the lower back (might be only an effect of preservation of the individual), limbs without differentiated transversal bars, ventral surfaces of forearms, shanks, and posterior surfaces of thighs cream, bearing dark brown flecks densely grouped.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD18FFA9FFD3C01FC4A0958349EB" box="[307,486,703,727]" count="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="generic">Three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
have a row of postrictal tubercles (ZSFQ 346–48).
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD18FFA9FFD3C0A1C4C1959649CA" box="[397,499,734,758]" count="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="male">One male</specimenCount>
|
||
(ZSFQ 348) has a much paler throat, similar in colour to the venter.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD18FFA9FFD3C361C4E296994829" box="[589,764,765,789]" count="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="generic">Three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
have the suprainguinal spots elongated (ZSFQ 346–48), two of them merging into an hourglass-shaped large mark on dorsum (ZSFQ 347–48).
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD18FFA9FFD3C005C54495D8484F" box="[297,445,859,883]" count="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="generic">One specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(ZSFQ 347) has short papillae on most fingers, except for fingers III and IV on the left hand, which show long papillae.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD18FFA9FFD3C050C585967E488E" box="[380,539,922,946]" count="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="generic">Two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(ZSFQ 346 and 348) have short papillae in all their fingers, sometimes ill defined. The male (ZSFQ 348) has vocal slits. Morphometric variation is detailed in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FE032AFFA9FFD3C1E5C5E795714F2C" box="[201,276,1016,1040]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="21.[113,168,1190,1214]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Table 4. Snout–vent length (SVL; in millimetres) and SD (in parentheses) for adult females and males.of Phyllonastes and Urkuphryne new species. The number of individuals is given in parentheses after the sex.For each group, minimum (Min) and maximum (Max) values are also shown." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF036619FFA7FFDDC15DC2B994D34FCA" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" tableUuid="DF036619FFA7FFDDC15DC2B994D34FCA">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366651AFFA9FFD3C15DC22E96A94E19" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFA9FFD3C15DC22E96A94E19" blockId="27.[112,763,1073,1317]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA9FFD3C15DC22E95144F55" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Distribution, natural history, and conservation status (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13472A14FFA9FFD3C387C22D968D4F75" box="[683,744,1073,1097]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[113,175,1807,1831]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,152,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[146,1426,149,1779]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3.Collection localities ofNoblella northern clade and southern clade species.The map showsthe geographicalgap between thetwo clades. The dashedlines indicatethe southernmostboundary of thenorthern clade and thenorthernmost boundaryof thesouthern clade.Thequestion marks denote individualsidentified asPhyllonastes myrmecoides whoseidentification has notbeen confirmed; theirlocalities are notassigned toeither clade owingto uncertainty regarding their truespecies assignment.Localities arebased onspecimens deposited at Museode Zoologíaof Pontificia Universidad Católicadel Ecuador(QCAZ), InstitutoNacional deBiodiversidad (DHMECN),Museo deZoología of Universidad SanFrancisco de Quito(ZSFQ),and from Lynch(1976, 1986), Hoogmoed and Lescure (1984),Reichle et al.(2004), Dela Rivaet al.(2008a), Guayasaminand Terán- Valdez (2009), Lehr and Catenazzi (2009a), Harvey et al.(2013), Catenazziet al.(2015), Catenazzi and Ttito (2016, 2018, 2019), Reyes-Puig et al. (2019,2020),Santa Cruz et al.(2019),Reyes-Puig et al.(2021), Frost(2023), and GBIF.org (2023). Abbreviations:H,holotype; NC, notconfirmed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832695/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA9FFD3C15DC24E95144F55" box="[113,369,1105,1129]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ecuadoriensis">Phyllonastes ecuadoriensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is known from three localities on the eastern slopes of the Andes, in the provinces of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B8F873FFA9FFD3C36FC26F96194FBB" box="[579,636,1136,1159]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Napo</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B8F873FFA9FFD3C386C26F96924FBB" box="[682,759,1136,1159]" country="Ecuador" name="Pastaza" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pastaza</collectingRegion>
|
||
, between 1150 and
|
||
<quantity id="4C849B74FFA9FFD3C068C29095FC4F9B" box="[324,409,1167,1191]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.465" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="1465.0">1465 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. in Eastern Foothill Forest. Individuals were collected at night (20:00–00:45 h) on leaf litter in
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA9FFD3C1A0C2D094974FDA" box="[140,242,1230,1254]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">terra firme</emphasis>
|
||
forest. We propose assigning
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA9FFD3C30FC2D096DC4FDA" box="[547,697,1230,1254]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ecuadoriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA9FFD3C30FC2D096DC4FDA" box="[547,697,1230,1254]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. ecuadoriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the Data Deficient IUCN Red List Category owing to the lack of information about its population size and geographical range.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366651AFFA9FFD3C15DC359953C4EA1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFA9FFD3C15DC359953C4EA1" blockId="27.[113,762,1350,1437]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA9FFD3C15DC35994844E62" box="[113,225,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet refers to the country where the species is distributed,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA9FFD3C07FC37A95B74E41" box="[339,466,1381,1405]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ecuadoriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA9FFD3C07FC37A95B74E41" box="[339,466,1381,1405]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">ecuadoriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, meaning from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36B7601FFA9FFD3C35FC37A96AF4E41" box="[627,714,1381,1405]" name="Ecuador" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and is masculine in gender.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C366651AFFA9FFD3C15DC3A196174DEC" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC33691FFA9FFD3C15DC3A196174DEC" blockId="27.[113,763,1470,1745]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA9FFD3C15DC3A194AA4EEA" box="[113,207,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The identification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA9FFD3C087C3A0966D4EEA" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[427,520,1470,1494]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lochites">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA9FFD3C087C3A0966D4EEA" box="[427,520,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. lochites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in our study is based on the redescription provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B60FFA9FFD3C09CC3C196E34EC9" author="Harvey MB & Almendariz A" box="[432,646,1501,1526]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref38931" refString="Harvey MB, Almendariz A, Brito-M J et al. A new species of Noblella (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the Amazonian Slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes with Comments on Noblella lochites (Lynch). Zootaxa 2013; 3635: 001 - 14." type="journal volume" year="2013">
|
||
Harvey
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA9FFD3C32FC3C196514EC9" box="[515,564,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Our phylogeny includes specimens from that publication (QCAZ51766/ MEPN14255 and QCAZ51767/MEPN14253). According to Harvey’s work and our phylogenetic results, the specimen KU177356, previously identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA9FFD3C0C8C04496244D4F" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[484,577,1627,1651]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lochites">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA9FFD3C0C8C04496244D4F" box="[484,577,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. lochites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B60FFA9FFD3C355C04494C04DAE" author="Hedges SB & Duellman WE & Heinicke MP" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref38978" refString="Hedges SB, Duellman WE, Heinicke MP. New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa 2008; 1737: 1 - 182." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Hedges
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA9FFD3C3E7C044969E4D4F" box="[715,763,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B60FFA9FFD3C19FC06595D84DAE" author="Catenazzi A & Ttito A" box="[179,445,1658,1682]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref36961" refString="Catenazzi A, Ttito A. A new species of Psychrophrynella (Amphibia, Anura, Craugastoridae) from the humid montane forests of Cusco, eastern slopes of the Peruvian Andes. PeerJ 2016; 4: e 1807." type="journal volume" year="2016">Catenazzi and Ttito 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B60FFA9FFD3C0E7C06596D64DAE" author="Reyes-Puig JP & Reyes-Puig C & Ron SR" box="[459,691,1658,1682]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref41732" refString="Reyes-Puig JP, Reyes-Puig C, Ron SR et al. A new species of terrestrial frog of the genus Noblella Barbour, 1930 (Amphibia: Craugastoridae) from the Llanganates-Sangay Ecological Corridor, Tungurahua, Ecuador. PeerJ 2019; 7: e 7405. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 7405" type="journal volume" year="2019">
|
||
Reyes-Puig
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA9FFD3C36AC064961D4DAE" box="[582,632,1658,1682]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B60FFA9FFD3C3EDC06596904DAE" author="Reyes-Puig C & Maynard RJ & Trageser SJ" box="[705,757,1658,1682]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="162 - 71" refId="ref41678" refString="Reyes-Puig C, Maynard RJ, Trageser SJ et al. A new species of Noblella (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the Rio Manduriacu Reserve on the Pacific slopes from Ecuadorian Andes. Neotropical Biodiversity 2020; 6: 162 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 23766808.2020.1809287" type="journal article" year="2020">2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B60FFA9FFD3C15DC08694C04D8D" author="Reyes-Puig C & Guayasamin JM & Koch C" box="[113,165,1689,1713]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="63 - 87" refId="ref41622" refString="Reyes-Puig C, Guayasamin JM, Koch C et al. A new species of the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from Ecuador, with new information for Noblella worleyae. Acta Herpetologica 2021; 16: 63 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.36253 / a _ h- 10742" type="journal article" year="2021">2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B60FFA9FFD3C19CC08695EB4D8D" author="Santa-Cruz R & von May R & Catenazzi A" box="[176,398,1689,1713]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref41933" refString="Santa-Cruz R, von May R, Catenazzi A et al. A new species of terrestrial-breeding frog (Amphibia, Strabomantidae, Noblella) from the Upper Madre De Dios Watershed, Amazonian Andes and Lowlands of Southern Peru. Diversity 2019; 11: 145 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / d 11090145" type="journal volume" year="2019">
|
||
Santa-Cruz
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA9FFD3C004C08595334D8D" box="[296,342,1689,1713]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B60FFA9FFD3C0B4C08696034D8D" author="Catenazzi A & Mamani L & Lehr E" box="[408,614,1689,1713]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref36916" refString="Catenazzi A, Mamani L, Lehr E et al. New genus of terrestrial-breeding frogs (Holoadeninae, Strabomantidae, Terrarana) from Southern Peru. Diversity 2020; 12: 184. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / d 12050184" type="journal volume" year="2020">
|
||
Catenazzi
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA9FFD3C32DC085964A4D8D" box="[513,559,1689,1713]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B60FFA9FFD3C35DC08694C04DED" author="Condori FP & Acevedo-Rincon L & Mamani AJ" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="127 - 37" refId="ref37385" refString="Condori FP, Acevedo-Rincon L, Mamani AJ et al. A new species of terrestrial-breeding frog of the genus Psychrophrynella (Anura: Strabomantidae) from the Cordillera de Vilcabamba, southeastern Peru. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 2020; 14: 127 - 37." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Condori
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA9FFD3C3E1C085969E4D8D" box="[717,763,1689,1713]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B60FFA9FFD3C19CC0A695394DED" author="Portik DM & Streicher JW & Wiens JJ" box="[176,348,1721,1745]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="107907 - 72" refId="ref41366" refString="Portik DM, Streicher JW, Wiens JJ. Frog phylogeny: a time-calibrated, species-level tree based on hundreds of loci and 5242 species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 2023; 188: 107907 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2023.107907" type="journal article" year="2023">
|
||
Portik
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA9FFD3C1D9C0A695414DED" box="[245,292,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), is, in fact,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FFA9FFD3C0FAC0A696094DED" box="[470,620,1721,1745]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ecuadoriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EA83FFA9FFD3C0FAC0A696094DED" box="[470,620,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">P. ecuadoriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |