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<document id="D5192162111789E5752621B3C2E1BA52" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14832689" ID-ZooBank="7-01-2184" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1738158242914" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ortega, Jhael A., Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F., Camper, Jeffrey D., Romero-Carvajal, Andrés, Negrete, Leonardo &amp; Ron, Santiago R." docDate="2025" docId="03D58787FF9AFFE0C1CCC69091364965" docLanguage="en" docName="zlae162.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 203 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.10:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="10" docTitle="Phyllonastes personinus Harvey, Almendariz, Brito &amp; Batallas 2013" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="FFECFFFFFFB2FFC8C12CC61F94654B3C" masterDocTitle="Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1738929907134" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="17208580CD4B7D0428C01829F2B02AFF">Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BC2D6F1388A633E5EB962AA883A1C4E5">Ortega, Jhael A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D1B9EC98F5E80231679D4CE9F2A3C3F5">Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="61A23FEFC05A1F8791D6297B824AA413">Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología / Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, Ecuador &amp; Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, División de Herpetología, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6D3BE3B73FC093E12AF2857D3935F435">Camper, Jeffrey D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E8608380113AF7D2D8B06060FCC2AD2B">Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29506, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F4542F95E05434BD22689A07C4096A8C">Romero-Carvajal, Andrés</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0980ECD9C3F8B7F48029020EC0A5D9AC">Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="563A8D4D9A17F2C5DC4E5A75A718E88F">Negrete, Leonardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9CCA3A581871D76FC9E729F842959CB6">Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FC9501CD40B567D2B452B38CBE5663C4">Ron, Santiago R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="BD2A77C626B7EFE90067649B4FB89D05">2025</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C366651AFF9AFFE0C1CCC690965C4BF5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC33691FF9AFFE0C1CCC690965C4BF5" blockId="40.[224,682,143,201]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF9AFFE0C1CCC690965C4BF5" authority="Harvey, Almendariz, Brito &amp; Batallas, 2013" authorityName="Harvey, Almendariz, Brito &amp; Batallas" authorityYear="2013" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personinus">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF9AFFE0C1CCC690965C4BF5" bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF9AFFE0C1CCC69095A94B96" bold="true" box="[224,460,143,170]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Phyllonastes personinus</emphasis>
Harvey, Almendáriz, Brito &amp; Batallas, 2013
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="C366651AFF9AFFE0C0A8C6F2965C4846" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="description">
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<emphasis id="B908EA83FF9AFFE0C0A8C6F2966F4A3B" bold="true" box="[388,522,237,264]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
(
<figureCitation id="13472A14FF9AFFE0C0A3C6F195BF4A34" box="[399,474,238,264]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="41.[115,180,1729,1753]" captionTargetBox="[149,1419,154,1695]" captionTargetId="figure-96@41.[146,1426,144,1701]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 26.Live and preserved specimens of Phyllonastes personinus. A, QCAZ 59437. B, QCAZ 71453.C, QCAZ 31118. A, B, in life. C, in preservative." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832758/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Figs 26</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13472A14FF9AFFE0C0C8C6F196654A34" box="[484,512,238,264]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="42.[129,194,1351,1375]" captionTargetBox="[179,1428,174,1312]" captionTargetId="figure-304@42.[161,1441,144,1323]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 27. Skeletons of Phyllonastes personinus. A, QCAZ 58818. B, QCAZ 31115." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832760/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">27</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC33691FF9AFFE0C1ADC730965C4846" blockId="40.[127,780,302,890]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF9AFFE0C1ADC73096544A7A" box="[129,561,302,326]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
Notes about external morphology (
<figureCitation id="13472A14FF9AFFE0C0F7C730967A4A7A" box="[475,543,302,326]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="41.[115,180,1729,1753]" captionTargetBox="[149,1419,154,1695]" captionTargetId="figure-96@41.[146,1426,144,1701]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 26.Live and preserved specimens of Phyllonastes personinus. A, QCAZ 59437. B, QCAZ 71453.C, QCAZ 31118. A, B, in life. C, in preservative." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832758/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Comparing the original description of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF9AFFE0C07FC75195B74A59" authorityName="Harvey, Almendariz, Brito &amp; Batallas" authorityYear="2013" box="[339,466,334,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personinus">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF9AFFE0C07FC75195B74A59" box="[339,466,334,357]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">P. personinus</emphasis>
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with the Kutuku and Sumaco populations, we found a wider morphological variation than previously documented: in the
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series, the dorsal skin was described as smooth with pustules, whereas in the Kutuku and Sumaco populations the dorsal skin is finely shagreened. Ventral skin was described as smooth, but in Kutuku it is areolate, and in Sumaco it is weakly areolate.The snout was described as rounded in dorsal view and subtruncate in lateral view; in Kutuku and Sumaco the snout is acuminate in both views. The inner tarsal tubercle is round in lateral view in the original description; however, it is conical in Kutuku and Sumaco. According to the original description,
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF9AFFE0C076C4B895BF4982" authorityName="Harvey, Almendariz, Brito &amp; Batallas" authorityYear="2013" box="[346,474,679,702]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personinus">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF9AFFE0C076C4B895BF4982" box="[346,474,679,702]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">P. personinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks supernumerary plantar tubercles, but the Sumaco population does have them. Finally, the characteristic dark mask of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF9AFFE0C0E3C4F9963549C1" authorityName="Harvey, Almendariz, Brito &amp; Batallas" authorityYear="2013" box="[463,592,742,765]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personinus">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF9AFFE0C0E3C4F9963549C1" box="[463,592,742,765]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">P. personinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described as short and extending only to the anterior third of the flank; in Kutuku, the mask extends to the groins. These morphological differences could indicate the existence of more than one species within
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF9AFFE0C1E4C57C95204846" authorityName="Harvey, Almendariz, Brito &amp; Batallas" authorityYear="2013" box="[200,325,867,890]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personinus">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF9AFFE0C1E4C57C95204846" box="[200,325,867,890]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">P. personinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see ‘
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF9AFFE0C053C57D95B04846" box="[383,469,866,890]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Remarks</emphasis>
’ section).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B908EA83FF9AFFE0C1ADC583976F488F" box="[129,778,924,948]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
Distribution and natural history (
<figureCitation id="13472A14FF9AFFE0C0E1C58396614888" box="[461,516,924,948]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[113,175,1807,1831]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,152,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[146,1426,149,1779]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3.Collection localities ofNoblella northern clade and southern clade species.The map showsthe geographicalgap between thetwo clades. The dashedlines indicatethe southernmostboundary of thenorthern clade and thenorthernmost boundaryof thesouthern clade.Thequestion marks denote individualsidentified asPhyllonastes myrmecoides whoseidentification has notbeen confirmed; theirlocalities are notassigned toeither clade owingto uncertainty regarding their truespecies assignment.Localities arebased onspecimens deposited at Museode Zoologíaof Pontificia Universidad Católicadel Ecuador(QCAZ), InstitutoNacional deBiodiversidad (DHMECN),Museo deZoología of Universidad SanFrancisco de Quito(ZSFQ),and from Lynch(1976, 1986), Hoogmoed and Lescure (1984),Reichle et al.(2004), Dela Rivaet al.(2008a), Guayasaminand Terán- Valdez (2009), Lehr and Catenazzi (2009a), Harvey et al.(2013), Catenazziet al.(2015), Catenazzi and Ttito (2016, 2018, 2019), Reyes-Puig et al. (2019,2020),Santa Cruz et al.(2019),Reyes-Puig et al.(2021), Frost(2023), and GBIF.org (2023). Abbreviations:H,holotype; NC, notconfirmed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832695/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
):
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF9AFFE0C308C583976F488F" authorityName="Harvey, Almendariz, Brito &amp; Batallas" authorityYear="2013" box="[548,778,924,948]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personinus">Phyllonastes personinus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
was known only from the
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locality region (
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,
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, Canton Morona, Sinaí Parish, Sardinayacu Lake Complex) between 1647 and
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a.s.l. (
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B60FF9AFFE0C3ABC5E594D04F0D" author="Harvey MB &amp; Almendariz A" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refId="ref38931" refString="Harvey MB, Almendariz A, Brito-M J et al. A new species of Noblella (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the Amazonian Slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes with Comments on Noblella lochites (Lynch). Zootaxa 2013; 3635: 001 - 14." type="journal volume" year="2013">
Harvey
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF9AFFE0C3F5C5E5976F4F2E" box="[729,778,1018,1042]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
2013
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), the Sangay-Llanganates Ecological Corridor (
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B60FF9AFFE0C39DC20695A14F6C" author="Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad &amp; Fundacion Ecominga &amp; Sumak Kawsay &amp; Serie de Publicaciones Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad Publicacion Miscelanea" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 70" refId="ref39496" refString="Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Fundacion Ecominga, Sumak Kawsay; et al. Anfibios y Reptiles del Corredor Ecologico Llanganates-Sangay. Serie de Publicaciones Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad Publicacion Miscelanea 2023; 17: 1 - 70." type="journal article" year="2023">Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad 2023</bibRefCitation>
), and the Cordillera del Cóndor mountain range (
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B60FF9AFFE0C018C247959D4F4C" author="Valencia JH &amp; Ortega-Andrade HM &amp; Laborde J" box="[308,504,1112,1136]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="61 - 72" refId="ref42230" refString="Valencia JH, Ortega-Andrade HM, Laborde J et al. Species richness, composition, distribution and conservation status of the amphibians and reptiles of the Cordillera del Condor, a region between Ecuador and Peru. Community Ecology 2023; 24: 61 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 42974 - 023 - 00132 - y" type="journal article" year="2023">
Valencia
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF9AFFE0C0A3C24795DA4F4C" box="[399,447,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
2023
</bibRefCitation>
). The species had been reported only in primary rainforest in swampy, densely vegetated areas along the edge of lakes. In this study, we report four more Ecuadorian populations. First,
<collectingRegion id="49B8F873FF9AFFE0C0F2C2A997634FF2" box="[478,774,1206,1230]" country="Ecuador" name="Morona-Santiago" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Morona Santiago Province</collectingRegion>
, Canton Santiago de Méndez, San Francisco de Chinimbimi Parish, Kutuku mountain range and Contrafuerte de Tzunatza between 1355 and
<quantity id="4C849B74FF9AFFE0C064C30B95FE4E17" box="[328,411,1300,1324]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4069999999999998" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="1407.0">1407 m</quantity>
a.s.l. (
<figureCitation id="13472A14FF9AFFE0C0C8C30B96214E10" box="[484,580,1300,1324]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="41.[115,180,1729,1753]" captionTargetBox="[149,1419,154,1695]" captionTargetId="figure-96@41.[146,1426,144,1701]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 26.Live and preserved specimens of Phyllonastes personinus. A, QCAZ 59437. B, QCAZ 71453.C, QCAZ 31118. A, B, in life. C, in preservative." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832758/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 26B</figureCitation>
; for the specimen list, see
<tableCitation id="C6FE032AFF9AFFE0C1F9C32C95574E77" box="[213,306,1331,1355]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[129,184,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1. GenBank accession numbers for newly generated DNA sequences used in the phylogenetic analyses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF036619FFB0FFCAC1ADC69090E14B9B" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" tableUuid="DF036619FFB0FFCAC1ADC69090E14B9B">Table S1</tableCitation>
). Most of these individuals were collected at night between 20:00 and 00:30 h in primary
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF9AFFE0C375C34C96A74E56" box="[601,706,1362,1386]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">terra firme</emphasis>
forest. They were found on the ground, on moss, or under logs or dry or wet leaf litter, and on bromeliads
<quantity id="4C849B74FF9AFFE0C329C38E96274E94" box="[517,578,1425,1449]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
above the ground, often near creeks with small streams (1 or
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wide) of clear water. Individuals QCAZ 71452 and QCAZ 71453 were found amplexed on leaf litter on the ground. Three individuals (QCAZ 71454–56) were collected in secondary forest near grasslands on the ground on leaf litter and near small streams. One individual (QCAZ 71455) was collected in the afternoon ~15:40 h and was found on wet leaf litter on a creek slope. Second,
<collectingRegion id="49B8F873FF9AFFE0C3FDC07294B84D98" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Napo Province</collectingRegion>
, Pacto Sumaco, surroundings of Sumaco National Park,
<quantity id="4C849B74FF9AFFE0C1ACC0B494B44DFE" box="[128,209,1707,1731]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
a.s.l. (
<figureCitation id="13472A14FF9AFFE0C03AC0B4951D4DFF" box="[278,376,1707,1731]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="41.[115,180,1729,1753]" captionTargetBox="[149,1419,154,1695]" captionTargetId="figure-96@41.[146,1426,144,1701]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 26.Live and preserved specimens of Phyllonastes personinus. A, QCAZ 59437. B, QCAZ 71453.C, QCAZ 31118. A, B, in life. C, in preservative." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832758/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 26C</figureCitation>
; for the specimen list, see Supporting Information,
<tableCitation id="C6FE032AFF9AFFE0C03EC0D595164DDE" box="[274,371,1738,1762]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[129,184,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1. GenBank accession numbers for newly generated DNA sequences used in the phylogenetic analyses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF036619FFB0FFCAC1ADC69090E14B9B" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" tableUuid="DF036619FFB0FFCAC1ADC69090E14B9B">Table S1</tableCitation>
). Third,
<collectingRegion id="49B8F873FF9AFFE0C0CCC0D497604DDE" box="[480,773,1738,1762]" country="Ecuador" name="Morona-Santiago" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Morona Santiago Province</collectingRegion>
, Canton Morona, Sinai Parish, between 1345 and
<quantity id="4C849B74FF9AFFE0C3A9C0F596B34C3D" box="[645,726,1770,1794]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.874" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="1874.0">1874 m</quantity>
a.s.l. (for the specimen list, see Supporting Information,
<tableCitation id="C6FE032AFF9AFFE0C3B2C116969D4C1D" box="[670,760,1801,1825]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[129,184,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1. GenBank accession numbers for newly generated DNA sequences used in the phylogenetic analyses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF036619FFB0FFCAC1ADC69090E14B9B" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" tableUuid="DF036619FFB0FFCAC1ADC69090E14B9B">Table S1</tableCitation>
). Specimens were collected in leaf litter or perching on leaves
<quantity id="4C849B74FF9AFFE0C1ADC15894D64C63" box="[129,179,1863,1887]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
above the ground, at night between 19:00 and 23:40 h;
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD18FF9AFFE0C3CFC15794844C43" count="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
(QCAZ 58820) was collected at 14:30 h. The collection localities were in primary forest, and some were near the Jurumbuno River, Volcan River, and Cormoran Lagoon. Fourth,
<collectingRegion id="49B8F873FF9AFFE0C215C68F97954B94" box="[825,1008,144,168]" country="Ecuador" name="Pastaza" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pastaza Province</collectingRegion>
, Canton Mera, Mera Parish, Llanganates National Park, Zarentza Community, between 1331 and
<quantity id="4C849B74FF9AFFE0C459C6B091A64BFB" box="[1397,1475,175,199]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.419" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="1419.0">1419 m</quantity>
a.s.l. (for the specimen list, see Supporting Information,
<tableCitation id="C6FE032AFF9AFFE0C4A5C6D097364A3A" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[129,184,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1. GenBank accession numbers for newly generated DNA sequences used in the phylogenetic analyses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF036619FFB0FFCAC1ADC69090E14B9B" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" tableUuid="DF036619FFB0FFCAC1ADC69090E14B9B">Table S1</tableCitation>
). Specimens were collected at night between 21:00 and 01:15 h, in leaf litter or perching on leaves
<quantity id="4C849B74FF9AFFE0C5CBC712913F4A19" box="[1255,1370,269,293]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="cm" value="57.5" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="15.0">15–100 cm</quantity>
above the ground in primary dryland forest near streams and small creeks.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366651AFF9AFFE0C215C77991364965" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC33691FF9AFFE0C215C77991364965" blockId="40.[825,1476,358,601]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF9AFFE0C215C77997F24A42" box="[825,919,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Remarks:</emphasis>
We report notable morphological differences between populations that could indicate the existence of one or two unnamed species within ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF9AFFE0C55CC7BA908A4A80" authorityName="Harvey, Almendariz, Brito &amp; Batallas" authorityYear="2013" box="[1136,1263,421,444]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personinus">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF9AFFE0C55CC7BA908A4A80" box="[1136,1263,421,444]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">P. personinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’. One species would be in the Kutuku mountain range,
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, and the other in the Sumaco National Park,
<collectingRegion id="49B8F873FF9AFFE0C5DFC7FB91EB4AC7" box="[1267,1422,483,507]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Napo Province</collectingRegion>
. This hypothesis is supported by relatively high uncorrected p-genetic distances for 16S (≤3.6%; Supporting Information, Table S7) and 12S (≤2.0%; Supporting Information, Table S9).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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