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<document id="5A384DDBEEE0C89C7CB3A1E539FADC45" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14832689" ID-ZooBank="7-01-2184" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1738158242914" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ortega, Jhael A., Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F., Camper, Jeffrey D., Romero-Carvajal, Andrés, Negrete, Leonardo &amp; Ron, Santiago R." docDate="2025" docId="03D58787FF91FFEFC2E5C2B890BB4C97" docLanguage="en" docName="zlae162.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 203 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.10:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="10" docTitle="Phyllonastes sardinayacu Ortega, Cisneros-Heredia, Camper, Romero-Carvajal, Negrete &amp; Ron, 2025, sp.nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="FFECFFFFFFB2FFC8C12CC61F94654B3C" masterDocTitle="Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1738929907134" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="1870E38721DA39F559E11DDB5039CA65" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="2B6CF7A3B5CB47DD4408CE07C006057A">
<mods:title id="8F1E1D11B491B695EFE2341207123DA8">Systematics of minute strabomantid frogs allocated to the genus Noblella (Amphibia: Anura) with description of a new genus, seven new species, and insights into historical biogeography</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="0130378734145BBBE1236AAAE7E22BFE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FF303908E54854E7415ED03A9E02CF50">
<mods:roleTerm id="3A8AA3F6CFE6C6DBFDE78EA7C63DFB6A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D42387915143EC6F824D00EFCDD411E2">Ortega, Jhael A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="52B4D4E617E33E8EDA0E63EE5319A217">Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D03CDA9BA0CB88FBE189F3A220CF1C07" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4C1F6E0AAE9DD1A4736892BF554BB816">
<mods:roleTerm id="68D9C8994E0212C62CFA5E69D52C33F6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1D49684F3DFEEA2379311C5B61260B42">Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0B0D5300FE1E8A030F5045DC853E607D">Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Museo de Zoología / Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Quito, Ecuador &amp; Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, División de Herpetología, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3C64F3A057A66ADFF76E8E411F60E182" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0594698DF22976C7745427EB6A4D90AC">
<mods:roleTerm id="A6D389E7673DA9FFE76FB6EA51268224">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="151A034554276E5DE0CBD4C24F284B2D">Camper, Jeffrey D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="017C0C561BB7495C1259450746641763">Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29506, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="CFD4C64665B5CEF9CAEE7EAB876A1634" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AEEC03F5EC8E2DC7F2C7FA4EBB4B3910">
<mods:roleTerm id="6D717753D52212D14075C9F2806E091D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F8505E739FEF163882835ABF51FCB15E">Romero-Carvajal, Andrés</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A85AAA26BDEF5B9E673AE5D9C10038A9">Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A6414037F6DC93DA214E01701D714CD1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B54D6B8819CD1777A567F77D6CBCEEE0">
<mods:roleTerm id="A666C4BCE44163FF01BD03E1F298C651">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8E44DE28A711E01A7E455FD4A022DF96">Negrete, Leonardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9AE9C62CF3FB6CF7C92B0CD574A02065">Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0DB603408990F5957091A59B3A5DCA96" type="personal">
<mods:role id="70BE0543C6D9DECD4FC217A3117CFC8D">
<mods:roleTerm id="972827F12AFAF55063700C5AE9C13C72">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="59C24A70C88E38E2AD90F51B639AC1C3">Ron, Santiago R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4A16B06E1FA5AE846EF2215E8FFC5EF1">Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C7AA593F848F357201B702E4ADCCA31E" type="email">santiago.r.ron@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="FC2D39E414CE35080D2AC7BD52F60A29">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="44C9CF053EF5DBFEA0B1BE646665D79C" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="77D84C2B0D47939200D88C61EF718735">
<mods:title id="47A845D5B6463B9196A21C260690940B">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="BC24143671A5BE4E7EAB4B10224CB597">
<mods:date id="5E7554AD33378DF6AAC5CCCB92D1981C">2025</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="3AFBE04AB8D7A6E366146D7D3D8D8438" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="4F3E45F34B61C4C650E6D87991C45F96">2025-01-13</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="52A556FAAE3692D596AE4D5D3E0CEF0F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="0A0F9D33FBEAC15E35F839D5660848AF">203</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="7FB2A1E59A091552AF38827AF6E3F26A" type="issue">
<mods:number id="89D2C51D0123B8C154B9617440614083">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="01107EC7901B8451BF6CCAE31F13C6BD">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="00FF9CF7730E4955D3CD52C09190E8D1">60</mods:end>
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</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="EF83EB3ED721E0728BA50C208F655954">
<mods:url id="3F1439005468B1041A076F04635366C2">https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="FD784848EA3FDA168D2D08A526679975">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="244490E566BB16DD6D9203098C06C10E" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae162</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BA07B97F00A8EC23CCF930EFE5DDBA90" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="91F44875168191C856E72B01CEB3327E" type="Zenodo-Dep">14832689</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9926B69B28168DC4E931F78B026D0C86" type="ZooBank">7-01-2184</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03D58787FF91FFEFC2E5C2B890BB4C97" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832723" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14832723" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D58787FF91FFEFC2E5C2B890BB4C97" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D58787FF91FFEFC2E5C2B890BB4C97" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<subSubSection id="C366651AFF91FFEBC2E5C2B891714FFD" box="[969,1300,1191,1218]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC33691FF91FFEBC2E5C2B891714FFD" blockId="35.[810,1459,1191,1285]" box="[969,1300,1191,1218]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF91FFEBC2E5C2B891714FFD" bold="true" box="[969,1300,1191,1218]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF91FFEBC2E5C2B890A64FFE" authorityName="Ortega &amp; Cisneros-Heredia &amp; Camper &amp; Romero-Carvajal &amp; Negrete &amp; Ron" authorityYear="2025" box="[969,1219,1191,1218]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sardinayacu" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF91FFEBC2E5C2B890A64FFE" bold="true" box="[969,1219,1191,1218]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Phyllonastes sardinayacu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B57F8FF91FFEBC5E4C2B891714FFD" box="[1224,1300,1191,1217]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366651AFF91FFEBC206C2D1978F4E39" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC33691FF91FFEBC206C2D1978F4E39" blockId="35.[810,1459,1191,1285]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
LSID:
<uri id="FFED3A93FF91FFEBC25CC2D1978F4E39" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FFDA0C44FF91FFEBC540C2D1978F4E39" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">B12C9470-F32C-4CEA-9A1B- E2DE6D0CDBA3</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366651AFF91FFEBC206C33990CF4D08" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC33691FF91FFEBC206C33991164EE7" blockId="35.[810,1460,1318,1500]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B143CCCFF91FFEBC206C33991164EE7" collectingDate="2015-01-23" collectionCode="QCAZ" collectorName="Javier Pinto &amp; David Velalcazar &amp; Darwin Nunez" country="Ecuador" elevation="1798" latitude="-2.05" location="Sinai Parish" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-78.2196" municipality="Canton Morona" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" specimenCode="QCAZ 58822" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Morona Santiago Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF91FFEBC206C33991204E03" box="[810,1349,1318,1343]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<typeStatus id="54C78833FF91FFEBC206C33997E64E02" box="[810,899,1318,1342]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13472A14FF91FFEBC2B6C33897924E03" box="[922,1015,1319,1343]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="36.[129,194,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[251,1360,158,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-100@36.[226,1376,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 22. Skulls of Phyllonastes species.A, Phyllonastes myrmecoides QCAZ 53583. B, Phyllonastes plateadensis QCAZ 65015. C, Phyllonastes sardinayacu, QCAZ 58821." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832750/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs 22C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13472A14FF91FFEBC525C33890574E03" box="[1033,1074,1319,1343]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="37.[112,177,1566,1590]" captionTargetBox="[148,1425,146,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-197@37.[146,1426,144,1539]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figure 23. Skeletons of Phyllonastes species. A, Phyllonastes plateadensis QCAZ 65015, SVL = 15.70 mm. B, Phyllonastes sardinayacu QCAZ 58821, SVL = 14.32 mm. C, Phyllonastes personinus QCAZ 58818, SVL = 16.91 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832752/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">23B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13472A14FF91FFEBC56FC33890384E03" box="[1091,1117,1319,1343]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="38.[129,194,1169,1193]" captionTargetBox="[167,1437,146,1141]" captionTargetId="figure-409@38.[161,1441,144,1141]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 24. Live and preserved specimens of Phyllonastes sardinayacu. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of: A, B, holotype QCAZ 58822, adult female, SVL = 14.10 mm; and C, paratype QCAZ 58821, adult female, SVL = 14.32 mm. A, in life.B, C, in preservative.Scale bars are given for preserved adults." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832754/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">24</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13472A14FF91FFEBC542C33890ED4E03" box="[1134,1160,1319,1343]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="39.[113,178,1091,1115]" captionTargetBox="[306,1266,144,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-427@39.[306,1266,144,1064]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 25. Palmar (A) and plantar (B) surfaces of Phyllonastes sardinayacu. Photographs of left hand and left foot of the holotype QCAZ 58822." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832756/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">25</figureCitation>
):
<specimenCode id="DBDA9EEAFF91FFEBC59FC33891204E03" box="[1203,1349,1319,1343]" collectionCode="QCAZ" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kwpg-nhbg" name="Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="Museum">QCAZ 58822</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(field no. SC-PUCE 49151)
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD18FF91FFEBC2C7C359900D4E62" box="[1003,1128,1350,1374]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="adult">adult female</specimenCount>
from
<collectingCountry id="F36B7601FF91FFEBC588C359909E4E62" box="[1188,1275,1350,1374]" name="Ecuador" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B8F873FF91FFEBC42FC35997E34E41" country="Ecuador" name="Morona-Santiago" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Morona Santiago Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA7ACEBFF91FFEBC2BEC37A90594E41" box="[914,1084,1381,1405]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Canton Morona</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EA3604AFF91FFEBC56BC37A90A14E41" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D58787FF91FFEFC2E5C2B890BB4C97:8EA3604AFF91FFEBC56BC37A90A14E41" box="[1095,1220,1381,1405]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-2.05" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-78.2196" municipality="Canton Morona" name="Sinai Parish" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" stateProvince="Morona Santiago Province">Sinaí Parish</location>
,
<location id="8EA3604AFF91FFEBC5E3C37A91CA4E41" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D58787FF91FFEFC2E5C2B890BB4C97:8EA3604AFF91FFEBC5E3C37A91CA4E41" box="[1231,1455,1381,1405]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-2.05" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-78.2196" municipality="Canton Morona" name="Sangay National Park" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" stateProvince="Morona Santiago Province">Sangay National Park</location>
,
<location id="8EA3604AFF91FFEBC206C39B97CD4EA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D58787FF91FFEFC2E5C2B890BB4C97:8EA3604AFF91FFEBC206C39B97CD4EA0" box="[810,936,1412,1436]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-2.05" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-78.2196" municipality="Canton Morona" name="Sardinayacu" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" stateProvince="Morona Santiago Province">Sardinayacu</location>
, trail to El Enmascarado Lagoon from refuge 3 (
<geoCoordinate id="EE485056FF91FFEBC21DC3BB97F64E80" box="[817,915,1444,1468]" degrees="2.0500" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="5" value="-2.05">2.0500°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE485056FF91FFEBC2B0C3BB90724E80" box="[924,1047,1444,1468]" degrees="78.2196" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="5" value="-78.2196">78.2196°W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation id="0051D1A2FF91FFEBC50BC3BB90CD4E80" box="[1063,1192,1444,1468]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.798" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="1798.0">
<quantity id="4C849B74FF91FFEBC50BC3BB90124E87" box="[1063,1143,1444,1468]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.798" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="1798.0">1798 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
Collected by
<collectorName id="26895347FF91FFEBC41BC3BB91CA4E80" box="[1335,1455,1444,1468]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Javier Pinto</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26895347FF91FFEBC207C3DC97B04EE7" box="[811,981,1475,1499]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">David Velalcázar</collectorName>
, and
<collectorName id="26895347FF91FFEBC525C3DC90C44EE7" box="[1033,1185,1475,1499]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Darwin Núñez</collectorName>
on
<date id="FFC21051FF91FFEBC5EAC3DC910A4EE7" box="[1222,1391,1475,1500]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2015-01-23">
<collectingDate id="EF86E9B9FF91FFEBC5EAC3DC910A4EE7" box="[1222,1391,1475,1500]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2015-01-23">23 January 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC33691FF91FFEBC206C3E290CF4D08" blockId="35.[810,1459,1532,1588]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B143CCCFF91FFEBC206C3E290C34D08" collectingDate="2015-01-23" collectionCode="QCAZ" collectorName="Javier Pinto &amp; David Velalcazar &amp; Darwin Nunez" country="Ecuador" elevation="1798" latitude="-2.05" location="Sinai Parish" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-78.2196" municipality="Canton Morona" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" specimenCode="QCAZ 58821" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Morona Santiago Province" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF91FFEBC206C3E290574D28" box="[810,1074,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<typeStatus id="54C78833FF91FFEBC206C3E297E44D28" box="[810,897,1533,1556]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
(N = 1;
<figureCitation id="13472A14FF91FFEBC2F1C3E290454D29" box="[989,1056,1533,1557]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="38.[129,194,1169,1193]" captionTargetBox="[167,1437,146,1141]" captionTargetId="figure-409@38.[161,1441,144,1141]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 24. Live and preserved specimens of Phyllonastes sardinayacu. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of: A, B, holotype QCAZ 58822, adult female, SVL = 14.10 mm; and C, paratype QCAZ 58821, adult female, SVL = 14.32 mm. A, in life.B, C, in preservative.Scale bars are given for preserved adults." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832754/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Same locality, collectors, and date as holotype,
<specimenCode id="DBDA9EEAFF91FFEBC2BEC00390444D08" box="[914,1057,1564,1588]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">QCAZ 58821</specimenCode>
<specimenCount id="9D7AFD18FF91FFEBC50AC00390C34D08" box="[1062,1190,1564,1588]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="adult">adult female</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366651AFF91FFEBC206C04A97C84DFA" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BC33691FF91FFEBC206C04A911E4D51" blockId="35.[810,1403,1621,1645]" box="[810,1403,1621,1645]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF91FFEBC206C04A900E4D51" box="[810,1131,1621,1645]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Proposed standard English name:</emphasis>
Sardinayacu leaflitter frog.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC33691FF91FFEBC206C09197C84DFA" blockId="35.[810,1459,1678,1734]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF91FFEBC206C09190FD4D9A" box="[810,1176,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Proposed standard Spanish name:</emphasis>
Cutín de Hojarasca de Sardinayacu.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366651AFF91FFEDC206C0F290F34DE5" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC33691FF91FFEDC206C0F290F34DE5" blockId="35.[810,1460,1773,1985]" lastBlockId="37.[810,1459,1666,1753]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF91FFEBC206C0F297EE4C39" box="[810,907,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Definition</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13472A14FF91FFEBC2B7C0F297934C39" box="[923,1014,1773,1797]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="36.[129,194,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[251,1360,158,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-100@36.[226,1376,144,1744]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 22. Skulls of Phyllonastes species.A, Phyllonastes myrmecoides QCAZ 53583. B, Phyllonastes plateadensis QCAZ 65015. C, Phyllonastes sardinayacu, QCAZ 58821." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832750/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs 22C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13472A14FF91FFEBC52DC0F2904F4C39" box="[1025,1066,1773,1797]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="37.[112,177,1566,1590]" captionTargetBox="[148,1425,146,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-197@37.[146,1426,144,1539]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figure 23. Skeletons of Phyllonastes species. A, Phyllonastes plateadensis QCAZ 65015, SVL = 15.70 mm. B, Phyllonastes sardinayacu QCAZ 58821, SVL = 14.32 mm. C, Phyllonastes personinus QCAZ 58818, SVL = 16.91 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832752/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">23B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13472A14FF91FFEBC518C0F2902B4C39" box="[1076,1102,1773,1797]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="38.[129,194,1169,1193]" captionTargetBox="[167,1437,146,1141]" captionTargetId="figure-409@38.[161,1441,144,1141]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 24. Live and preserved specimens of Phyllonastes sardinayacu. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of: A, B, holotype QCAZ 58822, adult female, SVL = 14.10 mm; and C, paratype QCAZ 58821, adult female, SVL = 14.32 mm. A, in life.B, C, in preservative.Scale bars are given for preserved adults." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832754/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">24</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13472A14FF91FFEBC575C0F290164C39" box="[1113,1139,1773,1797]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="39.[113,178,1091,1115]" captionTargetBox="[306,1266,144,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-427@39.[306,1266,144,1064]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 25. Palmar (A) and plantar (B) surfaces of Phyllonastes sardinayacu. Photographs of left hand and left foot of the holotype QCAZ 58822." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832756/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">25</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6FE032AFF91FFEBC5ACC0F290B64C39" box="[1152,1235,1773,1797]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="11.[109,164,664,689]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Table 2. General morphological characters of Phyllonastes and Urkuphryne species. Abbreviations: A, absent; Exp, expanded; I, indistinct; NExp, not expanded; P, present; SExp, slightly expanded; Und, undifferentiated; Ukn, unknown; Wdef, weakly defined. Character states are based on specimens deposited at Museo de Zoología of Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ) and from the literature: Boulenger (1898), Miranda-Ribeiro (1920), Parker (1926, 1932), Miranda-Ribeiro (1937), Cochran (1955), Lutz (1958), Griffiths (1959), Bokermann (1966), Heyer (1969), Bokermann (1975), Lynch (1975, 1976, 1986), Heyer (1977), De la Riva (1992, 2007), Köhler (2000), Aguayo-Vedia and Harvey (2001), Caramaschi and Pombal (2006), Lehr (2006), Heinicke et al.(2007), De la Riva et al. (2008a, b, 2018), Hedges et al. (2008), Guayasamin and Terán-Valdez (2009), Lehr and Catenazzi (2009a, b, 2010), Harvey et al. (2013), De la Riva and Burrowes (2014), Catenazzi et al. (2015, 2020), Catenazzi and Ttito (2016, 2018, 2019), Mamani et al. (2017), Reyes-Puig et al. (2019, 2020); Santa Cruz et al. (2019), Dubois et al. (2021), Motta et al. (2021), Reyes-Puig et al. (2021)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF036619FFB9FFC3C141C48796BE4865" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" tableUuid="DF036619FFB9FFC3C141C48796BE4865">Tables 2</tableCitation>
and
<tableCitation id="C6FE032AFF91FFEBC428C0F291744C39" box="[1284,1297,1773,1797]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="18.[109,164,620,645]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Table 3. General morphological characters of Phyllonastes and Urkuphryne species. Finger and toe characters of Phyllonastes and Urkuphryne species. Abbreviations: A, absent; Exp, expanded; I, indistinct; NExp, not expanded; P, present; SExp, slightly expanded; Und, undifferentiated; Ukn, unknown; Wdef, weakly defined.Character states are based on specimens deposited at Museo de Zoología of Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ) and from the literature: Boulenger (1898), Miranda-Ribeiro (1920), Parker (1926, 1932), Miranda-Ribeiro (1937), Cochran (1955), Lutz (1958), Griffiths (1959), Bokermann (1966), Heyer (1969), Bokermann (1975), Lynch (1975, 1976, 1986), Heyer (1977), De la Riva (1992, 2007), Köhler (2000), Aguayo-Vedia and Harvey (2001), Caramaschi and Pombal (2006), Lehr (2006), Heinicke et al. (2007), De la Riva et al. (2008a, b, 2018), Hedges et al.(2008), Guayasamin and Terán-Valdez (2009), Lehr and Catenazzi (2009a, b, 2010), Harvey et al. (2013), De la Riva and Burrowes (2014), Catenazzi et al. (2015, 2020), Catenazzi and Ttito (2016, 2018, 2019), Mamani et al.(2017), Reyes-Puig et al. (2019, 2020); Santa Cruz et al. (2019), Dubois et al. (2021), Motta et al. (2021), Reyes-Puig et al. (2021)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF036619FFA0FFDAC141C47390344811" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" tableUuid="DF036619FFA0FFDAC141C47390344811">3</tableCitation>
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF91FFEBC43DC0F291464C38" box="[1297,1315,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">):</emphasis>
We assign the new species to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF91FFEBC51DC11390CD4C18" authorityName="Heyer" authorityYear="1977" box="[1073,1192,1804,1828]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF91FFEBC51DC11390CD4C18" box="[1073,1192,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Phyllonastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on its phylogenetic relationships. The new species is characterized by: (1) skin on dorsum and flanks finely shagreen, dorsolateral folds absent, ventral surfaces smooth, discoidal fold present; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus present, supratympanic fold absent, postrictal tubercle absent; (3) snout rounded to truncate in dorsal view and rounded in lateral view; (4) upper eyelid without tubercles, cranial crests absent; (5) vomerine teeth absent; (6) vocal slits and nuptial pads unknown; (7) fingers not expanded distally, finger tips subacuminate without papillae, finger I shorter than finger II, supernumerary tubercles present; (8) fingers bearing narrow lateral fringes, ill-defined pads lacking circumferential grooves; (9) distal phalanges blunt to T-shaped, phalangeal formula of hand 2-2-3-3; (10) ulnar tubercles absent; (11) knees and heels without tubercles, outer edge of tarsus without tubercles, inner edge of tarsus bearing one subconical tubercle; (12) inner metatarsal tubercle elongated in ventral view and rounded in lateral view, bigger than rounded outer metatarsal tubercle; (13) toes slightly expanded distally, with acuminate toe tips and lacking papillae, supernumerary tubercles present, narrow lateral fringes on toes, toe webbing absent, all toes bearing ill-defined pads and circumferential grooves, toe V shorter than toe III; (14) in life, brown dorsum, with two dark brown sacral lateral patches with light brown border, triangular cloacal blotch dark brown with light brown border, ventral surfaces dark brown with scattered small white spots, facial mask dark brown extending from tip of snout to groins, groins orange– brown; and (15) SVL in adult males unknown, SVL in adult females
<quantity id="4C849B74FF97FFEDC246C0DE97B74DE5" box="[874,978,1729,1753]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.421" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="14.21">14.21 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF97FFEDC2CEC0DD97904DE5" box="[994,1013,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">N</emphasis>
= 2) (
<tableCitation id="C6FE032AFF97FFEDC516C0DE90E04DE5" box="[1082,1157,1729,1753]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="21.[113,168,1190,1214]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Table 4. Snout–vent length (SVL; in millimetres) and SD (in parentheses) for adult females and males.of Phyllonastes and Urkuphryne new species. The number of individuals is given in parentheses after the sex.For each group, minimum (Min) and maximum (Max) values are also shown." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF036619FFA7FFDDC15DC2B994D34FCA" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" tableUuid="DF036619FFA7FFDDC15DC2B994D34FCA">Table 4</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF036619FF96FFECC1ADC0F3966E4C1C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832750" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14832750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832750/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" startId="36.[129,194,1772,1796]" targetBox="[251,1360,158,1734]" targetPageId="36" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC33691FF96FFECC1ADC0F3966E4C1C" blockId="36.[129,1353,1772,1824]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF96FFECC1ADC0F394804C38" bold="true" box="[129,229,1772,1796]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 22.</emphasis>
Skulls of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF96FFECC012C0F396744C38" box="[318,529,1772,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF96FFECC012C0F395C84C38" box="[318,429,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Phyllonastes</emphasis>
species. A
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF96FFECC336C0F3972C4C38" authority="QCAZ" authorityName="QCAZ" box="[538,841,1772,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myrmecoides">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF96FFECC336C0F397644C38" box="[538,769,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Phyllonastes myrmecoides</emphasis>
QCAZ
</taxonomicName>
53583. B,
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF96FFECC280C0F3914C4C38" box="[940,1321,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF96FFECC280C0F3908D4C3F" authority="QCAZ" authorityName="QCAZ" box="[940,1256,1772,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plateadensis">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF96FFECC280C0F390C64C38" bold="true" box="[940,1187,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Phyllonastes plateadensis</emphasis>
QCAZ
</taxonomicName>
65015
</emphasis>
. C,
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF96FFECC1ADC11795A14C1C" authority=", QCAZ" authorityName="QCAZ" box="[129,452,1800,1824]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sardinayacu">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF96FFECC1ADC11795134C1C" bold="true" box="[129,374,1800,1824]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Phyllonastes sardinayacu</emphasis>
, QCAZ
</taxonomicName>
58821.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF036619FF97FFEDC15CC00197BE4D6E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832752" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14832752" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832752/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" startId="37.[112,177,1566,1590]" targetBox="[148,1425,146,1537]" targetPageId="37" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC33691FF97FFEDC15CC00197BE4D6E" blockId="37.[112,1393,1566,1619]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF97FFEDC15CC00194B04D0A" bold="true" box="[112,213,1566,1590]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figure 23.</emphasis>
Skeletons of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF97FFEDC07EC00096404D0B" box="[338,549,1567,1591]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF97FFEDC07EC00095A44D0B" box="[338,449,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Phyllonastes</emphasis>
species. A
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF97FFEDC301C00197CF4D0A" box="[557,938,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF97FFEDC301C001970C4D0A" authority="QCAZ" authorityName="QCAZ" box="[557,873,1566,1590]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plateadensis">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF97FFEDC301C00197414D0A" bold="true" box="[557,804,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Phyllonastes plateadensis</emphasis>
QCAZ
</taxonomicName>
65015
</emphasis>
, SVL = 15.70 mm. B,
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF97FFEDC557C00194D04D6F" authority="QCAZ" authorityName="QCAZ" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sardinayacu">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF97FFEDC557C00191144D0A" bold="true" box="[1147,1393,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Phyllonastes sardinayacu</emphasis>
QCAZ
</taxonomicName>
58821, SVL = 14.32 mm. C,
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF97FFEDC0E6C02496804D6F" authority="QCAZ" authorityName="QCAZ" box="[458,741,1595,1619]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personinus">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF97FFEDC0E6C02496F94D6E" box="[458,668,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Phyllonastes personinus</emphasis>
QCAZ
</taxonomicName>
58818, SVL = 16.91 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C366651AFF97FFEEC206C0E4951B4DBD" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC33691FF97FFEEC206C0E4951B4DBD" blockId="37.[810,1462,1786,1967]" lastBlockId="38.[129,781,1297,1666]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF97FFEDC206C0E490C24C2E" box="[810,1191,1786,1810]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Diagnosis:
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF97FFEDC28BC0E590C24C2E" box="[935,1191,1786,1810]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sardinayacu">Phyllonastes sardinayacu</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
resembles its closest related species,
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF97FFEDC2E8C10490534C0E" authorityName="Ortega &amp; Cisneros-Heredia &amp; Camper &amp; Romero-Carvajal &amp; Negrete &amp; Ron" authorityYear="2025" box="[964,1078,1819,1842]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macuma">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF97FFEDC2E8C10490534C0E" box="[964,1078,1819,1842]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P. macuma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF97FFEDC569C10490CE4C0E" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1093,1195,1818,1842]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lochites">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF97FFEDC569C10490CE4C0E" box="[1093,1195,1818,1842]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P. lochites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF97FFEDC5C0C10491EC4C0E" box="[1260,1417,1818,1842]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myrmecoides">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF97FFEDC5C0C10491EC4C0E" box="[1260,1417,1818,1842]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P. myrmecoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, by having a tympanic annulus, tympanic membrane, fingers not expanded distally, and acuminate toe tips. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF97FFEDC48EC14697E44CAC" authorityName="Ortega &amp; Cisneros-Heredia &amp; Camper &amp; Romero-Carvajal &amp; Negrete &amp; Ron" authorityYear="2025" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macuma">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF97FFEDC48EC14697E44CAC" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P. macuma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having subconical inner tarsal tubercle (rounded in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF97FFEDC26FC18797D54C93" authorityName="Ortega &amp; Cisneros-Heredia &amp; Camper &amp; Romero-Carvajal &amp; Negrete &amp; Ron" authorityYear="2025" box="[835,944,1944,1967]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macuma">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF97FFEDC26FC18797D54C93" box="[835,944,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P. macuma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and a mask extending to groins (mask extending to anterior half of flank in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF94FFEEC086C30D967E4E15" authorityName="Ortega &amp; Cisneros-Heredia &amp; Camper &amp; Romero-Carvajal &amp; Negrete &amp; Ron" authorityYear="2025" box="[426,539,1298,1321]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macuma">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF94FFEEC086C30D967E4E15" box="[426,539,1298,1321]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. macuma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and by the absence of papillae in toe tips (present in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF94FFEEC0D2C32E96154E74" authorityName="Ortega &amp; Cisneros-Heredia &amp; Camper &amp; Romero-Carvajal &amp; Negrete &amp; Ron" authorityYear="2025" box="[510,624,1329,1352]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macuma">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF94FFEEC0D2C32E96154E74" box="[510,624,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. macuma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF94FFEEC3A0C32E949E4E54" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sardinayacu">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF94FFEEC3A0C32E949E4E54" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Phyllonastes sardinayacu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF94FFEEC0EBC34E964B4E54" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[455,558,1360,1384]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lochites">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF94FFEEC0EBC34E964B4E54" box="[455,558,1360,1384]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. lochites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF94FFEEC347C34E976C4E54" box="[619,777,1360,1384]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myrmecoides">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF94FFEEC347C34E976C4E54" box="[619,777,1360,1384]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. myrmecoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having three phalanges in finger IV (two phalanges in finger IV in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF94FFEEC02BC390950E4E9B" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[263,363,1423,1447]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lochites">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF94FFEEC02BC390950E4E9B" box="[263,363,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. lochites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF94FFEEC08FC390965B4E9B" box="[419,574,1423,1447]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myrmecoides">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF94FFEEC08FC390965B4E9B" box="[419,574,1423,1447]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. myrmecoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). It differs further from
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF94FFEEC193C3B095424EFA" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[191,295,1454,1478]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lochites">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF94FFEEC193C3B095424EFA" box="[191,295,1454,1478]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. lochites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a rounded snout in lateral view (subtruncate in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF94FFEEC006C3D195EE4ED9" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[298,395,1485,1509]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Noblella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lochites">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF94FFEEC006C3D195EE4ED9" box="[298,395,1485,1509]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. lochites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and from
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF94FFEEC32EC3D196FE4ED9" box="[514,667,1485,1509]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myrmecoides">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF94FFEEC32EC3D196FE4ED9" box="[514,667,1485,1509]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. myrmecoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of papillae in fingertips and toe tips (both present in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF94FFEEC3D5C3F295664D18" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myrmecoides">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF94FFEEC3D5C3F295664D18" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. myrmecoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and by the presence of supernumerary plantar tubercles (absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF94FFEEC04CC033959C4D7F" box="[352,505,1579,1603]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myrmecoides">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF94FFEEC04CC033959C4D7F" box="[352,505,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. myrmecoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). For a comparison with other
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF94FFEEC1ECC05495F54D5F" box="[192,400,1611,1635]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF94FFEEC1ECC05495584D5F" box="[192,317,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Phyllonastes</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
that are more phylogenetically distant, see
<tableCitation id="C6FE032AFF94FFEEC1F3C07595524DBE" box="[223,311,1642,1666]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="11.[109,164,664,689]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Table 2. General morphological characters of Phyllonastes and Urkuphryne species. Abbreviations: A, absent; Exp, expanded; I, indistinct; NExp, not expanded; P, present; SExp, slightly expanded; Und, undifferentiated; Ukn, unknown; Wdef, weakly defined. Character states are based on specimens deposited at Museo de Zoología of Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ) and from the literature: Boulenger (1898), Miranda-Ribeiro (1920), Parker (1926, 1932), Miranda-Ribeiro (1937), Cochran (1955), Lutz (1958), Griffiths (1959), Bokermann (1966), Heyer (1969), Bokermann (1975), Lynch (1975, 1976, 1986), Heyer (1977), De la Riva (1992, 2007), Köhler (2000), Aguayo-Vedia and Harvey (2001), Caramaschi and Pombal (2006), Lehr (2006), Heinicke et al.(2007), De la Riva et al. (2008a, b, 2018), Hedges et al. (2008), Guayasamin and Terán-Valdez (2009), Lehr and Catenazzi (2009a, b, 2010), Harvey et al. (2013), De la Riva and Burrowes (2014), Catenazzi et al. (2015, 2020), Catenazzi and Ttito (2016, 2018, 2019), Mamani et al. (2017), Reyes-Puig et al. (2019, 2020); Santa Cruz et al. (2019), Dubois et al. (2021), Motta et al. (2021), Reyes-Puig et al. (2021)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF036619FFB9FFC3C141C48796BE4865" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" tableUuid="DF036619FFB9FFC3C141C48796BE4865">Tables 2</tableCitation>
and
<tableCitation id="C6FE032AFF94FFEEC047C075951D4DBE" box="[363,376,1642,1666]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="18.[109,164,620,645]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Table 3. General morphological characters of Phyllonastes and Urkuphryne species. Finger and toe characters of Phyllonastes and Urkuphryne species. Abbreviations: A, absent; Exp, expanded; I, indistinct; NExp, not expanded; P, present; SExp, slightly expanded; Und, undifferentiated; Ukn, unknown; Wdef, weakly defined.Character states are based on specimens deposited at Museo de Zoología of Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ) and from the literature: Boulenger (1898), Miranda-Ribeiro (1920), Parker (1926, 1932), Miranda-Ribeiro (1937), Cochran (1955), Lutz (1958), Griffiths (1959), Bokermann (1966), Heyer (1969), Bokermann (1975), Lynch (1975, 1976, 1986), Heyer (1977), De la Riva (1992, 2007), Köhler (2000), Aguayo-Vedia and Harvey (2001), Caramaschi and Pombal (2006), Lehr (2006), Heinicke et al. (2007), De la Riva et al. (2008a, b, 2018), Hedges et al.(2008), Guayasamin and Terán-Valdez (2009), Lehr and Catenazzi (2009a, b, 2010), Harvey et al. (2013), De la Riva and Burrowes (2014), Catenazzi et al. (2015, 2020), Catenazzi and Ttito (2016, 2018, 2019), Mamani et al.(2017), Reyes-Puig et al. (2019, 2020); Santa Cruz et al. (2019), Dubois et al. (2021), Motta et al. (2021), Reyes-Puig et al. (2021)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF036619FFA0FFDAC141C47390344811" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" tableUuid="DF036619FFA0FFDAC141C47390344811">3</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF036619FF94FFEEC1ADC28E95244FDD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832754" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14832754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832754/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" startId="38.[129,194,1169,1193]" targetBox="[167,1437,146,1141]" targetPageId="38" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC33691FF94FFEEC1ADC28E95244FDD" blockId="38.[129,1472,1169,1249]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF94FFEEC1ADC28E94804F95" bold="true" box="[129,229,1169,1193]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 24.</emphasis>
Live and preserved specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF94FFEEC30DC28E97724F95" box="[545,791,1169,1193]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sardinayacu">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF94FFEEC30DC28E97724F95" bold="true" box="[545,791,1169,1193]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Phyllonastes sardinayacu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of: A, B, holotype
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF94FFEEC429C28D91E34F96" box="[1285,1414,1170,1194]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">QCAZ 58822</emphasis>
, adult female, SVL = 14.10 mm; and C, paratype QCAZ 58821, adult female, SVL = 14.32 mm. A, in life. B, C, in preservative. Scale bars are given for preserved adults.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C366651AFF94FFEFC1ADC0BB905E4EEB" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC33691FF94FFEEC1ADC0BB95A14C64" blockId="38.[129,780,1699,1974]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF94FFEEC1ADC0BB96784D87" box="[129,541,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="54C78833FF94FFEEC01BC0BC95EC4D87" box="[311,393,1699,1723]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13472A14FF94FFEEC0B0C0BB95814D87" box="[412,484,1699,1723]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="38.[129,194,1169,1193]" captionTargetBox="[167,1437,146,1141]" captionTargetId="figure-409@38.[161,1441,144,1141]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 24. Live and preserved specimens of Phyllonastes sardinayacu. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of: A, B, holotype QCAZ 58822, adult female, SVL = 14.10 mm; and C, paratype QCAZ 58821, adult female, SVL = 14.32 mm. A, in life.B, C, in preservative.Scale bars are given for preserved adults." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832754/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs 24</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13472A14FF94FFEEC0DCC0BC966F4D87" box="[496,522,1699,1723]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="39.[113,178,1091,1115]" captionTargetBox="[306,1266,144,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-427@39.[306,1266,144,1064]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 25. Palmar (A) and plantar (B) surfaces of Phyllonastes sardinayacu. Photographs of left hand and left foot of the holotype QCAZ 58822." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832756/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">25</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Adult female (
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF94FFEEC3E8C0BB94A74DE7" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">QCAZ 58822</emphasis>
). Measurements (in millimetres): SVL, 14.10; tibia length, 6.53; foot length, 6.39; head length, 3.77; head width, 4.33; eye diameter, 1.66; tympanum diameter, 0.78; interorbital distance, 1.87; upper eyelid width, 1.26; internarial distance, 1.68; eye–nostril distance, 0.92.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC33691FF94FFEEC1B0C14091114EBB" blockId="38.[129,780,1699,1974]" lastBlockId="38.[825,1476,1297,1979]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Head wider than long, head wider than body; canthus rostralis slightly convex in lateral view; loreal region straight in dorsal view; cranial crests absent; upper eyelid lacking tubercles. Tympanic annulus beneath skin; tympanic membrane present; supratympanic fold and postrictal tubercles absent. Vomerine teeth absent, vocal slits and nuptial pads absent. Snout short and round in dorsal and lateral views, without rostral papilla.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC33691FF94FFEEC279C390902E4DC3" blockId="38.[825,1476,1297,1979]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Skin on dorsum and flanks finely shagreen; dorsolateral folds absent; ventral surfaces smooth; skin on cloacal region areolate; discoidal fold present. Ulnar tubercles absent, palmar tubercles low, outer palmar tubercle rounded, with a small extension pointing towards the centre of the palm, larger than elongate thenar tubercle; subarticular tubercles visible only at base of fingers, round in ventral and lateral view; supernumerary tubercles present; narrow lateral dermal fringes on fingers; discs narrow, bearing round and inconspicuous pads; fingers not expanded distally, tip of fingers subacuminate; circumferential grooves not visible; relative length of fingers is I &lt;IV &lt;II &lt;III; phalangeal formula of hand is 2-2-3-3.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC33691FF94FFEFC279C118961F4E47" blockId="38.[825,1476,1297,1979]" lastBlockId="39.[113,764,1191,1403]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Hindlimbs robust; heels and knees without tubercles; tarsal folds (inner and outer) absent, outer tarsal tubercles absent; inner tarsal tubercle present, small, subconical, and prominent; inner metatarsal tubercle small (ill defined in preservative), elongated in ventral view and rounded in lateral view; round outer metatarsal tubercle well defined and prominent; plantar surface with supernumerary tubercles; round subarticular tubercles, ill defined, visible only at base of toes; toes with narrow lateral dermal fringes; webbing between toes absent; discs on toes ill defined (ill defined in preservative), slightly expanded, with acuminate tip (specially on toe III), papilla on tip absent; ill-defined pads and circumferential grooves; relative lengths of toes I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV; toe III longer than toe V.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF036619FF95FFEFC15DC25C94D64F4B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832756" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14832756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832756/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" startId="39.[113,178,1091,1115]" targetBox="[306,1266,144,1064]" targetPageId="39" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC33691FF95FFEFC15DC25C94D64F4B" blockId="39.[113,1410,1091,1144]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF95FFEFC15DC25C94B34F67" bold="true" box="[113,214,1091,1115]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figure 25.</emphasis>
Palmar (A) and plantar (B) surfaces of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF95FFEFC364C25C975B4F67" box="[584,830,1091,1115]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sardinayacu">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF95FFEFC364C25C975B4F67" bold="true" box="[584,830,1091,1115]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Phyllonastes sardinayacu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Photographs of left hand and left foot of the holotype
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF95FFEFC46EC25B94C84F44" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">QCAZ 58822</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC33691FF95FFEFC15DC3BF952D4C0C" blockId="39.[113,764,1440,1840]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF95FFEFC15DC3BF969F4E8B" box="[113,762,1440,1464]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Colour of
<typeStatus id="54C78833FF95FFEFC1FEC3BF95424E84" box="[210,295,1440,1464]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in life (based on digital photographs) (
<figureCitation id="13472A14FF95FFEFC389C3BE96824E84" box="[677,743,1440,1464]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="38.[129,194,1169,1193]" captionTargetBox="[167,1437,146,1141]" captionTargetId="figure-409@38.[161,1441,144,1141]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 24. Live and preserved specimens of Phyllonastes sardinayacu. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of: A, B, holotype QCAZ 58822, adult female, SVL = 14.10 mm; and C, paratype QCAZ 58821, adult female, SVL = 14.32 mm. A, in life.B, C, in preservative.Scale bars are given for preserved adults." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832754/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Brown dorsum, slightly darker anteriorly, with two lateral, dark brown circular spots with a light brown border at sacrum level. Triangular cloacal blotch dark brown with light brown border. Ventral surfaces dark brown with scattered small white spots. Ventral surfaces of thighs and lower abdomen with irregular orange–brown blotches. Facial mask dark brown extending from tip of snout to groins and delineated dorsally by a light line. Flanks brown, with dark brown band along anterior half, connecting anteriorly with dark brown face mask. Groins brownish orange. Lips bearing small and white spots. Forearms, elbows, and knees with dark brown blotches delineated by a paler line.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC33691FF95FFEFC15DC14A97FD4E21" blockId="39.[113,764,1877,1963]" lastBlockId="39.[809,1461,1191,1309]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF95FFEFC15DC14A96254C50" box="[113,576,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Colour of
<typeStatus id="54C78833FF95FFEFC1F3C14A95544C51" box="[223,305,1877,1901]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in preservative (
<figureCitation id="13472A14FF95FFEFC0CAC14A964B4C51" box="[486,558,1877,1901]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="38.[129,194,1169,1193]" captionTargetBox="[167,1437,146,1141]" captionTargetId="figure-409@38.[161,1441,144,1141]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 24. Live and preserved specimens of Phyllonastes sardinayacu. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of: A, B, holotype QCAZ 58822, adult female, SVL = 14.10 mm; and C, paratype QCAZ 58821, adult female, SVL = 14.32 mm. A, in life.B, C, in preservative.Scale bars are given for preserved adults." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832754/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Dorsal surfaces brown. Head slightly darker than dorsum. Sacral lateral patches dark brown, with slightly lighter border. Cloacal triangle, spots on knees, and elbows dark brown with lighter margins. Ventral surfaces brown, becoming darker towards the throat. Scattered cream spots on ventral surfaces, more marked posteriorly and on hindlimbs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC33691FF95FFEFC206C35C905E4EEB" blockId="39.[810,1460,1346,1496]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF95FFEFC206C35C978E4E65" box="[810,1003,1346,1370]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Variation (
<figureCitation id="13472A14FF95FFEFC2BAC35C97BC4E66" box="[918,985,1346,1370]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="38.[129,194,1169,1193]" captionTargetBox="[167,1437,146,1141]" captionTargetId="figure-409@38.[161,1441,144,1141]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 24. Live and preserved specimens of Phyllonastes sardinayacu. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of: A, B, holotype QCAZ 58822, adult female, SVL = 14.10 mm; and C, paratype QCAZ 58821, adult female, SVL = 14.32 mm. A, in life.B, C, in preservative.Scale bars are given for preserved adults." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832754/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
This section refers to preserved individuals, unless otherwise mentioned. The only
<typeStatus id="54C78833FF95FFEFC591C37D917D4E46" box="[1213,1304,1378,1402]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, QCAZ 58821 (adult female), differs from the
<typeStatus id="54C78833FF95FFEFC550C39E90BD4EA5" box="[1148,1240,1409,1433]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in having a truncate snout in dorsal view and darker coloration. Morphometric variation is detailed in
<tableCitation id="C6FE032AFF95FFEFC2C6C3A090504EE4" box="[1002,1077,1471,1496]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="21.[113,168,1190,1214]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Table 4. Snout–vent length (SVL; in millimetres) and SD (in parentheses) for adult females and males.of Phyllonastes and Urkuphryne new species. The number of individuals is given in parentheses after the sex.For each group, minimum (Min) and maximum (Max) values are also shown." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF036619FFA7FFDDC15DC2B994D34FCA" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" tableUuid="DF036619FFA7FFDDC15DC2B994D34FCA">Table 4</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366651AFF95FFEFC206C01E978C4C28" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC33691FF95FFEFC206C01E978C4C28" blockId="39.[809,1459,1537,1812]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF95FFEFC206C01E907F4D05" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Distribution, natural history, and conservation status (
<figureCitation id="13472A14FF95FFEFC448C01D91C44D26" box="[1380,1441,1538,1562]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[113,175,1807,1831]" captionTargetBox="[149,1423,152,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[146,1426,149,1779]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3.Collection localities ofNoblella northern clade and southern clade species.The map showsthe geographicalgap between thetwo clades. The dashedlines indicatethe southernmostboundary of thenorthern clade and thenorthernmost boundaryof thesouthern clade.Thequestion marks denote individualsidentified asPhyllonastes myrmecoides whoseidentification has notbeen confirmed; theirlocalities are notassigned toeither clade owingto uncertainty regarding their truespecies assignment.Localities arebased onspecimens deposited at Museode Zoologíaof Pontificia Universidad Católicadel Ecuador(QCAZ), InstitutoNacional deBiodiversidad (DHMECN),Museo deZoología of Universidad SanFrancisco de Quito(ZSFQ),and from Lynch(1976, 1986), Hoogmoed and Lescure (1984),Reichle et al.(2004), Dela Rivaet al.(2008a), Guayasaminand Terán- Valdez (2009), Lehr and Catenazzi (2009a), Harvey et al.(2013), Catenazziet al.(2015), Catenazzi and Ttito (2016, 2018, 2019), Reyes-Puig et al. (2019,2020),Santa Cruz et al.(2019),Reyes-Puig et al.(2021), Frost(2023), and GBIF.org (2023). Abbreviations:H,holotype; NC, notconfirmed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14832695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14832695/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
):
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF95FFEFC206C03E907F4D05" box="[810,1050,1569,1593]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sardinayacu">Phyllonastes sardinayacu</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is known from a single locality in Sangay National Park, near Sardinayacu,
<quantity id="4C849B74FF95FFEFC553C05F90AA4D64" box="[1151,1231,1600,1624]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</quantity>
a.s.l. Individuals were collected in Eastern Montane Forest at night (22:00–23:00 h) on leaf litter in primary and
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF95FFEFC570C09F90A34DAB" box="[1116,1222,1663,1687]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">terra firme</emphasis>
forest. Because of the lack of information on population size and geographical range, we suggest assigning
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF95FFEFC52FC0A190E84DE9" box="[1027,1165,1725,1749]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sardinayacu">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF95FFEFC52FC0A190E84DE9" box="[1027,1165,1725,1749]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">P. sardinayacu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the Data Deficient IUCN Red List Category (based on
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4B60FF95FFEFC540C0C297BD4C28" author="IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee &amp; Using the IUCN Red List Categories" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref39535" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15.1. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee, 2023. https: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (25 January 2024, date last accessed)." type="url" year="2023">IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2023</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366651AFF95FFEFC206C12A90BB4C97" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC33691FF95FFEFC206C12A90BB4C97" blockId="39.[810,1460,1845,1963]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF95FFEFC206C12A97FC4C71" box="[810,921,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Etymology:</emphasis>
The specific name
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D12FF95FFEFC55EC12A90834C71" box="[1138,1254,1845,1869]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phyllonastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sardinayacu">
<emphasis id="B908EA83FF95FFEFC55EC12A90834C71" box="[1138,1254,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">sardinayacu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a toponym used in apposition and it refers to a river at the species
<typeStatus id="54C78833FF95FFEFC41CC14A913B4C51" box="[1328,1374,1877,1901]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
locality. Sardinayacu is a compound word of Kichua origin, ‘sardina’ meaning sardine and ‘yaku’ meaning water.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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