306 lines
43 KiB
XML
306 lines
43 KiB
XML
<document id="C6F0B94B88CB3D2A99C54180ED7D55FA" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6f465cbe-d9f2-462a-8c48-430690a26c4f" ModsDocAuthor="Longino, J. T." ModsDocID="20256" checkinTime="1244211219658" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Longino, J. T." docDate="2003" docId="03C462B1657427A66AC27A5AB5880D2A" docLanguage="en" docName="20256_gg2.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 151" docSource="http://antbase.org/ants/publications/20256/20256.pdf" docTitle="Crematogaster distans Mayr" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="B2C0C7EDBC793BBEEE49752470438506" masterDocTitle="The Crematogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) of Costa Rica." masterLastPageNumber="150" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1701311168608" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="821C7AD2FBC9FF9749D210B9210DE32B">The Crematogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) of Costa Rica.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9A235DDF94BA8C2975E53F1504DCE5F1">Longino, J. T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5E826160C44B3F94FE00138B5821123C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="AEB0693CCE20B9570ED542172E76616D">
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<mods:date id="CAA518CFF8333C3173D774C926B73E0D">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3911D29F79EC230192CD0674F858A11D">151</mods:number>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:url id="A9ED4AD036541B17D489E1D2516D5882">http://antbase.org/ants/publications/20256/20256.pdf</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="D8DDD1E5C101659D5489AB1E8F9D70DD">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="923803E744C322577E0CB158C3CAF4FF" type="HNS-Pub">20256</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="021B1DCDD34F8AF2E11FDD56A2B7E734" type="ZooBank">9813210B-5B9F-4FDE-86DD-3AE55166EC9C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03C462B1657427A66AC27A5AB5880D2A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6275014" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100126194" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6275014" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C462B1657427A66AC27A5AB5880D2A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C462B1657427A66AC27A5AB5880D2A" lastPageNumber="62" pageNumber="58">
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<subSubSection id="5EE3A94D5D4F4F343BCE120E67B7AE33" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="923A4B0923D8A56B4B76CAA95E2B4D31" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName id="B1675E3FD3CDDA9B9B882ECA5017086E" ID-CoL="ZBN3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:137382" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster distans Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distans">Crematogaster distans Mayr</taxonomicName>
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1870
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BACF522CF1F9A4569F958A5D8BDF12B0" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9DCC9F89EE09DA702531B554309F31F2" pageNumber="58">Plate 3, 4</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7C3F1696BFF514B40E0C364E02B6A153" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A4690FA3EEF85E4AF8D4A235C86D8B3A" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName id="002303068F26D3D635F85DCF5BB390A8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:137382" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster distans Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distans">Crematogaster distans Mayr</taxonomicName>
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, 1870a:402.
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<materialsCitation id="F6614D8302894149A5352645DDEB12C8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481245" collectionCode="NMW" collectorName="Lindig" country="Colombia" typeStatus="Lectotype">
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<typeStatus id="FC0F262F8ADD146058FC0598BAC933A8">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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worker:
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<collectingCountry id="513E0AC1F8DC38E41CAD9814674EC32F">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectorName id="A7A8275D061BB3903A9EC7AE09CF8D41">Lindig</collectorName>
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) [
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<collectionCode id="AF887ECA268010B31F0262577811BE1A" collectionName="Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien">NMW</collectionCode>
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]
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</materialsCitation>
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(examined). Emery, 1922:134: combination in
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<taxonomicName id="C7C2D825DE4BFB86B49C304C387F51DE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183852" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster (Orthocrema) Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Orthocrema">C. (Orthocrema)</taxonomicName>
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. Santschi, 1918:182; Kempf, 1972:83: combination in
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<taxonomicName id="4E64B702E9AD933598466F4D736BC459" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183854" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster (Neocrema) Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Neocrema">C. (Neocrema)</taxonomicName>
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. Kempf, 1968:392: description of queen.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4E77E306C2FE5295804FD7D1016C75F5" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName id="882943F1547A9F9C74AB912C03CA7AE9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:137447" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster distans r. paraensis Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="distans" subSpecies="paraensis">Crematogaster distans r. paraensis Forel</taxonomicName>
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, 1904a:37.
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<materialsCitation id="1043171DE2A05783B4FBB9A7B400C990" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481247" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="Goeldi" country="Brazil" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="Syntype">
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<typeStatus id="03FCC3707C1AEC9B6960678C5750FD01">Syntype</typeStatus>
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workers:
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<collectingCountry id="0E1BD0C77C3AEADD7B2F482D837120D2">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="BA6CC7CDED14F829326B41D021493B17">Para</collectingRegion>
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(
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<normalizedToken id="D48CFF4FD623A53A751FBDA2DAC0898A" originalValue="Göldi">
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<collectorName id="4F089BFBC482A450C5827E8EE0A7A6F0">Goeldi</collectorName>
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</normalizedToken>
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) [
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<collectionCode id="6FD0479919C03A895BFA2A0F35B00DB3" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle">MHNG</collectionCode>
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]
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</materialsCitation>
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(examined). Synonymy by Kempf, 1968:390.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3EFC64B7EE4300F5F9E7E7FBEB7EACA6" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName id="74EAC3C8943D4A57524ABE32FEC28307" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:137448" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster distans subsp. parviceps Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="distans" subSpecies="parviceps">Crematogaster distans subsp. parviceps Forel</taxonomicName>
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, 1908b:369.
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<materialsCitation id="64AA1EB6083CC2A2253E8D55BF7978B1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481242" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="von Ihering" country="Brazil" location="Sao Paulo" stateProvince="Sao Paulo" typeStatus="Syntype">
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<typeStatus id="9FC2DFEBDC461D1F6B47D364F22CE782">Syntype</typeStatus>
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workers:
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<collectingCountry id="5044F9CB6A8EE6522D6D994F17588AF5">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="863AD3A65CC0CE8DE736308785D6CAF0">Sao Paulo</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectorName id="F5669116D4D302388F6FA575456996C9">von Ihering</collectorName>
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) [
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<collectionCode id="E04F38DCC48564CEA4C30BEED6524578" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle">MHNG</collectionCode>
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]
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</materialsCitation>
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(examined). Emery, 1922:135: combination in
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<taxonomicName id="2DB080284055C38CDB330A9B53023004" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183852" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster (Orthocrema) Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Orthocrema">C. (Orthocrema)</taxonomicName>
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. Synonymy by Kempf, 1968:390.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E52C3F5ADB2054D647574A4B98D8FB20" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName id="9061D534574A19502477AE4764FAC501" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:137449" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster distans r. pevsnerae Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="distans" subSpecies="pevsnerae">Crematogaster distans r. pevsnerae Forel</taxonomicName>
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, 1912:218.
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<materialsCitation id="3D48FD803A80F3AB92777A91923DAC5F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481241" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="Forel" country="Venezuela" location="Zig Zag" typeStatus="Syntype">
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<typeStatus id="1EEEE031110C8C22E89CCD18E52565B1">Syntype</typeStatus>
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workers:
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<collectingCountry id="097F5DEB6DB954B27A1A0EE512F2D39F">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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,
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<location id="46A1DF0CF35542FFE9844233F0CBD79F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C462B1657427A66AC27A5AB5880D2A:46A1DF0CF35542FFE9844233F0CBD79F" country="Venezuela" name="Zig Zag">Zig Zag</location>
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(
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<collectorName id="7F2C2A1FF4BB14F368055286F7F7CFCF">Forel</collectorName>
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) [
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<collectionCode id="B72E06CB7879350F7D6FCBAB8C2676FC" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle">MHNG</collectionCode>
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]
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</materialsCitation>
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(examined). Emery, 1922:135: combination in
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<taxonomicName id="9945B231AD0B936A36249CB6B0DB1BE5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183852" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster (Orthocrema) Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Orthocrema">C. (Orthocrema)</taxonomicName>
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. Synonymy by Kempf, 1968:390 [Kempf suggested probable synonymy; Bolton (1995) interpreted as formal synonymy].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8E4F69BE1AA00870D3CDCBEC1AD964A8" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName id="5E6F91721F80164A5DE740A5CAB4136E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:137446" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster distans var. cordinoda Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="distans" variety="cordinoda">Crematogaster distans var. cordinoda Forel</taxonomicName>
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, 1914c:12. Type worker a "variant of the type series of
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<taxonomicName id="585F3AA083FD1E01AF2108249D6A8140" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:137382" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster distans Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distans">distans</taxonomicName>
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" (Kempf 1968:393). Emery, 1922:135: combination in
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<taxonomicName id="3C20101832FB5D4EDC95BA5B8018C418" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183852" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster (Orthocrema) Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Orthocrema">C. (Orthocrema)</taxonomicName>
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. Synonymy by Kempf, 1968:390.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="65F3ECCB640C4A2813D2E3AE33BDB522" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName id="F6B3A1E7C42020FC4CB098A1CE184C35" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:137450" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster distans subsp. vanda Borgmeier" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="distans" subSpecies="vanda">Crematogaster distans subsp. vanda Borgmeier</taxonomicName>
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, 1929:209.
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<materialsCitation id="F674B15C69CABA9F6C0D987D6490057B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481238" collectorName="Bartholdy" country="Brazil" location="Niteroi" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<typeStatus id="AE8401DEA213FEF4B446A3EC8E3A464F">Holotype</typeStatus>
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worker:
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<collectingCountry id="B7B8D15BE2EE8940A09AEC84A9EFF650">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="7A0C6ADE7030533A884FC2471574C1A9">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="1A9E64ED80287BC9A6B8E41EC2B6B988" originalValue="Niterói">
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<location id="14F76D57ECC47E7C6508183DD82147CF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C462B1657427A66AC27A5AB5880D2A:14F76D57ECC47E7C6508183DD82147CF" country="Brazil" name="Niteroi" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">Niteroi</location>
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</normalizedToken>
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(
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<collectorName id="FCA8E776BE5370AC02F8F1804903AAF6">Bartholdy</collectorName>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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. Synonymy by Kempf, 1968:390.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2441E1EC1CCB195FFB4AE6C093046F1E" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName id="269328C874B5F8D4C11321180DB79962" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:136970" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster (Neocrema) descolei Kusnezov" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="descolei" subGenus="Neocrema">Crematogaster (Neocrema) descolei Kusnezov</taxonomicName>
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, 1949:587, figs. 1-4.
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<materialsCitation id="8F4E7927DCA394C9B2E6A61A79397A4E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481250" collectingDate="1928-12-02" collectorName="Kusnezov" country="Argentina" location="near Ledesma, road to Valle Grande, subtropical mesophyl forest" specimenCode="No. 3310" stateProvince="Prov. Jujuy" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<typeStatus id="1FF11B4908399E7360C8C302B8EA5C96">Holotype</typeStatus>
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queen:
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<collectingCountry id="6E08681855CFC72B81FFDDD0E73584FA">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="D7C7FF21C3A558CC37B411682F6B3863">Prov. Jujuy</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="0BF2B207D9AAE6C9796439901ABBBD2F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C462B1657427A66AC27A5AB5880D2A:0BF2B207D9AAE6C9796439901ABBBD2F" country="Argentina" name="near Ledesma, road to Valle Grande, subtropical mesophyl forest" stateProvince="Prov. Jujuy">near Ledesma, road to Valle Grande, subtropical mesophyl forest</location>
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,
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<date id="A2216A63D4D7ACF8C82D53F43D348CB2" day="02" month="12" value="1928-12-02" year="1928">
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<collectingDate id="804A8F1BA123710785E95B176FDD29F0" day="02" month="12" value="1928-12-02" year="1928">2-12-1928</collectingDate>
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</date>
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(
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<collectorName id="0AB0AE336EFFFBB58D1D003604E85286">Kusnezov</collectorName>
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<specimenCode id="5B1B7004F1787EB0E6C0E921A2EE7EC5">No. 3310</specimenCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="FC6618F691D87C30BAD7570DB44BE60B">NEW SYNONYMY</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E7601EA525EF0543D8D95B4F97837C43" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="BE089579F5E263CB74F7FF15FDC09DA2" pageNumber="59">Range</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="82147BBD1E928539F732030F24665D94" pageNumber="59">The species complex occurs from southern USA (Texas) to Argentina (see Comments).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="43D1271A9D9CBAECF93B1C0DD6BBADE3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8655599593E5A554D03AD18D6498D305" pageNumber="59">Description of worker (Costa Rica)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5606C2F48BBF5EC13F586344FB43DAAF" pageNumber="59">Color dark red brown to black.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4E77F3A4CFA33AE630285A960D45098D" pageNumber="59">Mandible largely smooth and shiny, with very faint striae; clypeus emarginate anteriorly, convex, smooth and shiny; face smooth and shiny; scape with moderately abundant, short, fully appressed pilosity and no erect setae; terminal 2-3 segments of antenna sequentially longer and more densely pubescent, especially terminal two, forming 2-segmented club; face and ventral surface of head with sparse short appressed pubescence and no erect setae; no erect setae projecting from sides of head in full face view.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="0C9406081E78B0118DDBAD01B6687537" pageNumber="59">In lateral view, promesonotum compressed, pronotum short but strongly convex, mesonotum projecting above pronotum and propodeum, dropping steeply to propodeal suture; propodeum with short, weakly differentiated dorsal face; propodeal suture deep, V- shaped, but suture partially obscured in lateral view by small lateral carinulae that bridge suture; propodeal spines short, conical, upturned; side and most of dorsum of mesosoma with faint punctation or weak microareolate sculpture, becoming smooth and shiny on posterior face of propodeum; mesonotum with a pair of short, stiff, erect setae, otherwise erect setae lacking on mesosoma; legs with sparse, fully appressed pubescence.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="CA2483404A773F1AA052948448BE3F58" lastPageNumber="60" pageNumber="59">Petiole in side view subtrapezoideal, with faint microareolate surface sculpture; anteroventral tooth a shallow, obtuse gibbosity, not produced or angulate; dorsal face subrectangular, slightly longer than wide, smooth and shiny, anterolateral portions somewhat produced as lobes, anteromedian region depressed, sides approximately parallel anteriorly, converging posteriorly; postpetiole with small acute ventral tooth, postpetiole in dorsal view bilobed, wider than long, with longitudinal median sulcus, posterior margin emarginate; fourth abdominal tergite with faint microareolate sculpture; pair of stiff setae on posterodorsal petiole, two pairs on postpetiole, and about 20 stiff setae on fourth abdominal tergite.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="1FA648678F9F6F0083FC82EE6FBE2706" pageNumber="60">Measurements</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="29727140AEB931419B8CD52B96776551" pageNumber="60">HL 0.699, 0.627, 0.698; HW 0.712, 0.649, 0.696; HC 0.671, 0.610, 0.653; SL 0.563, 0.479, 0.564; EL 0.143, 0.157, 0.167; A11L 0.284; A11W 0.135; A10L 0.135; A10W 0.107; A09L 0.069; A09W 0.086; A08L 0.046; A08W 0.069; WL 0.784, 0.686, 0.773; SPL 0.147, 0.140, 0.127; PTH 0.212, 0.187, 0.195; PTL 0.299, 0.258, 0.288; PTW 0.297, 0.295, 0.289; PPL 0.194, 0.180, 0.203; PPW 0.321, 0.286, 0.320; CI 102, 104, 100; OI 20, 25, 24; SI 81, 76, 81; PTHI 71, 72, 68; PTWI 99, 114, 100; PPI 165, 159, 158; SPI 19, 20, 16; ACI 0.56.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8D418D5C19F643DD187F2B807DD70A08" pageNumber="60">Queen (Costa Rica)</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="1CFCA4ADC0216619F77E8BBF30004DAC" pageNumber="60">In lateral profile dorsal face of propodeum sloping obliquely from postscutellum, such that most of propodeum is posterior to scutellum (in contrast to normal queens, in which dorsal face of propodeum drops steeply from postscutellum and much of propodeum appears ventral to scutellum and postscutellum, Fig. 1); entire body, including scape, mandible, face, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole, and fourth abdominal tergite extremely smooth and shiny, glass-like; propodeal spines completely absent; petiole and postpetiole robust, generally similar to worker in shape but completely lacking anteroventral petiolar tooth of any kind; remarkably devoid of erect setae or pubescence, funiculus and terminal segments of tarsi with typical subdecumbent pubescence, but no trace of pubescence or erect setae anywhere else on body; size characters as in Figures 4 and 5.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="13E2D097435F74EA0D89B266BDBC8D9B" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="2B026E69A88AC41B030137C072FBE770" pageNumber="60">Biology</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="020E3056CC184925597B6DED6F69A893" pageNumber="60">
|
|
I have only three records of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="997B91D829A26CBED9751CE6D0190701" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:137382" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster distans Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distans">C. distans</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Costa Rica, two older museum collections from the Central Valley, and one collection from La Selva Biological Station in the Atlantic lowlands. It is clear from material elsewhere in the range of the species that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAF7748EC2F2981604CF816ED744D846" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:137382" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster distans Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distans">distans</taxonomicName>
|
|
prefers seasonally dry, open or brushy habitats.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="6D36EA8B33AED2CB6B223404BF173BAA" pageNumber="60">
|
|
In general,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="500F73193E910695FCEBDCB6249C6C96" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:137382" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster distans Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distans">distans</taxonomicName>
|
|
has very large colonies that are low density. The one La Selva collection I observed was from a recent treefall. A large dead trunk had fallen, bringing a large
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDF02EED613EBD9DBA88D8FB37B23227" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Bauhinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Bauhinia</taxonomicName>
|
|
vine tangle down with it.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0FA4D0DA3BA070955C0538721D1CA0FB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:137382" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster distans Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distans">Crematogaster distans</taxonomicName>
|
|
dominated the treefall, with columns of abundant workers spread throughout and streaming back to the canopy along lianas. I did not find any nest center or brood, but I did find two alate queens along with a worker aggregation in a hollow stick. In the Santa Marta region of Colombia I observed a
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9F6F4FE7D7E6B972CEC4B59E2FA3242E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:137382" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster distans Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distans">distans</taxonomicName>
|
|
nest in a dead stick, and on another occasion I found workers tending Coccoidea on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E87B9FEB200DFFEFA5F58F950D4C028D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Cnidoscolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cnidoscolus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Euphorbiaceae). In a second growth forest in Venezuela I observed columns of workers descending a tree trunk and spreading out onto an
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DF9CF58F0DFE74B1DAE1699E9D9ED4FC" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Inga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Inga</taxonomicName>
|
|
sapling, where large numbers of workers were tending scale insects.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="C2685AC96344702C7A1095C77E05A30E" pageNumber="61">
|
|
Nothing is known of colony founding, but queens exhibit a morphology often associated with social parasitism (see Natural History Overview). Kusnezov (1949) described
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D99E98CFF5558A361A366F7281439ADA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:136970" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster (Neocrema) descolei Kusnezov" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="descolei" subGenus="Neocrema">descolei</taxonomicName>
|
|
from a single alate queen and suggested that it was a workerless social parasite because of the small size and shiny integument. Kempf (1968) refuted this by reporting worker-associated colonies. The discovery of a colony of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EBEABC77DB6AFF4E3A05AACD2EF198F4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:137382" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster distans Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distans">distans</taxonomicName>
|
|
at La Selva with queens identical to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1DF2BA110AF2389CE1C2BE46701FF5AC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:136970" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster (Neocrema) descolei Kusnezov" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="descolei" subGenus="Neocrema">descolei</taxonomicName>
|
|
confirms the synonymy of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3CC3F5AF2F938B9B25B8CAF1D5FF4C73" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:136970" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster (Neocrema) descolei Kusnezov" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="descolei" subGenus="Neocrema">descolei</taxonomicName>
|
|
under
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AF87B4E9CBC686856680A8E027A6327A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:137382" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster distans Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distans">distans</taxonomicName>
|
|
. It is possible that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8D95BF09EEFE5E656C16FC6F23E21187" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:137382" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster distans Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distans">Crematogaster distans</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a temporary social parasite, requiring colonies of host species to establish new colonies of its own, but it is not workerless.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="95D5B0BC0E6D53E7B8C7798AA4269BF7" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="0478C824CD5223D6B0F4B9DD8D878EFD" pageNumber="61">Comments</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="83FD2E6EC1E6D85474A14B003CCBB80D" pageNumber="61">
|
|
This species can at first be confused with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B69603D183D48FBB87E7D9965A92727F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28145" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster crinosa Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinosa">crinosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
and relatives because of the bare face, general lack of erect setae, and short upturned propodeal spines. The strongly bilobed postpetiole and the robust petiole with subrectangular dorsal face set it apart. There is a subtle mesosomal shape difference that is difficult to define, but involves a relatively compact and elevated promesonotum. These mesosomal and petiolar shape characters, along with the small shiny queens, are more like
|
|
<taxonomicName id="14DAB30A914A0E43A7269E58448F1267" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28051" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster acuta (Fabricius)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuta">acuta</taxonomicName>
|
|
and relatives than
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1EC85140D7A02F4B6420722378D6F19D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28145" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster crinosa Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinosa">crinosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Other than the superficial similarity to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1C250F6BEC8A8B5F68D52DEAB03C13FC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28145" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster crinosa Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinosa">crinosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
relatives, there are no other Costa Rican species with which it can be confused.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="E92A022344E9E7F27D433BA794D197D6" pageNumber="61">
|
|
The
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8C87C4E9F62745C9ACEE7D3C41636798" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:137382" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster distans Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distans">distans</taxonomicName>
|
|
complex occurs from southern Texas in the United States south to Argentina. Members of the complex share a characteristic mesosoma, petiole, and postpetiole shape, but they vary in details of surface sculpture and pilosity. The queens are small and with highly polished and smooth integument, but varying in details of pilosity and petiole shape. Kempf (1968) made a start in understanding this group, and a few additional notes are added here, but more material, especially queens associated with workers, is needed to make further progress. In the following paragraphs I outline geographic variation as I currently understand it, based on the few collections I have been able to examine and the published work of Kempf.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="93BABDE0CF2EA31C2944EE47F724E1A5" lastPageNumber="62" pageNumber="61">
|
|
A single specimen from Hidalgo Co., Texas, USA, has a punctate face, a pair of setae on face, and no erect setae on mesosoma. A series from San Luis
|
|
<normalizedToken id="72B70700D5ECC66AC5CEA5EDB6546B64" originalValue="Potosí">Potosi</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Mexico, has a punctate face, a pair of setae on face, a pair on mesonotum, and a seta on each propodeal spine. The two worker syntypes of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="63ED41B57673A7002B3E1D95A70D2486" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28143" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster corvina Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corvina">corvina Mayr</taxonomicName>
|
|
1870, from "Mexico," have punctate faces. One worker has a row of four setae on the pronotum, five on the mesonotum, two on the base of one propodeal spine, and one on base of the other. The other worker has one on the pronotum, seven on the mesonotum, three on one side and one on the other side of the dorsal face of the propodeum. These punctate forms at the northern limit of the range I identify as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8593D9FBF0A848381E46E19C7F1A2F75" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28143" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster corvina Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corvina">corvina</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but it is clear there is considerable variation in pilosity, and they may grade into forms further south. Punctate faces reappear on two forms from South America:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="31517DE5D1821C66774F10F951E44405" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28415" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster scelerata Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scelerata">scelerata Santschi</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Argentina and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CB3ACEA084E94480A7F950D57777814F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:149475" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster scelerata taperensis Borgmeier" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="scelerata" subSpecies="taperensis">scelerata taperensis Borgmeier</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Brazil, Pernambuco State. These are nearly identical to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="851E8FE14D1D4175EB74191C7792B3C5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28143" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster corvina Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corvina">corvina</taxonomicName>
|
|
but with a more developed anteroventral petiolar tooth. Thus punctate faces seem to occur at the margins of the range of the lineage. Like other amphitropical distributions, it is unknown whether this pattern is due to shared ancestry and some form of centripetal speciation, in which new forms replace older forms in the center of the range, or convergence due to similar selection pressures in marginal habitats.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D327DAD52CB6EC357EB07EFA25D88477" pageNumber="62">
|
|
Two series from Morelos, Mexico have most of face smooth but with distinct patches of punctation posteroventral to eyes and between eyes and antennal insertions. Thus they are intermediate in this character between
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8ED51973903BC97A7D5CE2535C0A468D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28143" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster corvina Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corvina">corvina</taxonomicName>
|
|
and other
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0548CF50C4460E3440BB232BFF5757F6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:137382" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster distans Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distans">distans-like</taxonomicName>
|
|
forms to the south. They have a pair of setae on the face, 2-4 setae on mesonotum, and a seta on each propodeal spine. The types of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6DDB74E58544E9B55D4B44053DC74A4D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:137448" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster distans subsp. parviceps Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="distans" subSpecies="parviceps">parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
|
, from Sao Paulo state, Brazil, have similar facial sculpture, a combination of smooth and punctate. All remaining forms have the face completely shiny.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="861CEA3E35BFEA909C469E3230AF48E8" pageNumber="62">
|
|
The series from Costa Rica and two series from Panama have one pair of setae on the mesonotum and none on the face, pronotum, or propodeum. The dorsal face of the petiole is relatively elongate, proportionally longer than the material from further north. The Costa Rican series from La Selva Biological Station has associated alate queens. These queens are identical in every respect to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="500F462F884993228DED0D1A5143712C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28223" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster descolei Kusnezov" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="descolei">descolei Kusnezov</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2FCA06ECA9EC72DD91B4B56F6C371203" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28223" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster descolei Kusnezov" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="descolei">Crematogaster descolei</taxonomicName>
|
|
was described from a single alate queen from Argentina. The queens are strikingly elegant, like glass figures, with no trace of setae or pubescence on most of body. The dorsal face of the petiole is proportionately quite long.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="E566E9203A3D593F71344D6201720792" pageNumber="62">
|
|
Material from Colombia and Venezuela, from which I have examined about ten worker collections from a variety of localities, shows a great deal of variation. Some collections from Venezuela appear identical to Costa Rican and Panamanian material. Others from the Santa Marta area of Colombia are also very similar, but have relatively shorter petioles. Finally, some collections from the Santa Marta area and departments of Antioquia, Huila, and Santander are very pilose, with multiple pairs of setae on both the pronotum and mesonotum, and multiple setae on the dorsal face and spine of the propodeum. Two of these collections have queens associated with them. The queens are quite similar in shape to the Costa Rican and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="203DEA729DF8777CEAFB0ABE3CDDA821" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28223" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster descolei Kusnezov" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="descolei">descolei</taxonomicName>
|
|
queens, but have abundant erect setae on the face and dorsal surfaces, and the petiole is shorter.
|
|
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A8863C85793385DECA2E9C00F53CF730" pageNumber="62">
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Kempf (1968) described his broad view of
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<taxonomicName id="5C3D2D5F5E2941DE67FCD1615E2213CC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:137382" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster distans Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distans">distans</taxonomicName>
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based on many collections, mostly from southern South America. He described worker characteristics and variation that match the less pilose forms from Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica. In his figure of the dorsal face of a worker petiole, it appears relatively short, like the short-petiole material from Colombia, rather than the long-petiole material from Venezuela and Costa Rica. He described the queen of
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<taxonomicName id="7C604A56FD93D9E8B3E6DAD259F7170B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:137382" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster distans Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distans">distans</taxonomicName>
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, based on collections from Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo states. He described the queen as being nearly identical to
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<taxonomicName id="0787426065991BD61FDD3FEF990FD7C8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28223" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster descolei Kusnezov" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="descolei">descolei</taxonomicName>
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, with the same general shape and degree of hairlessness, but with a relatively shorter petiole. He stated that
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<taxonomicName id="1EC74CE11C577B280D35F6E0F2DF4887" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28223" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster descolei Kusnezov" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="descolei">descolei</taxonomicName>
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was a probable synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="B1EC19EA22F143DE97643F38A634649A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:137382" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster distans Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distans">distans</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F00D90EF2E438F19D9A325BF6D94E16E" lastPageNumber="63" pageNumber="62">
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It is possible there are multiple sympatric forms in the Neotropics, with queens being much more differentiable than workers. Putting the above observations together suggests the possibility there are at least three forms: (1)
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<taxonomicName id="3967E2E8A221CE630C52D634949E1915" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28223" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster descolei Kusnezov" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="descolei">descolei-like</taxonomicName>
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, the queens of which are hairless and long petiolate, (2) a widespread form with hairless queens and short petioles, and (3) a setose form, with abundant setae on queens and workers. But much more queen-associated material and some thorough morphometrics will be needed to confirm or modify these patterns. I have followed the "synonym until proven distinct" approach by formally synonymizing
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<taxonomicName id="8F9CB4F31C2402AE173E20027B91E2FD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28223" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster descolei Kusnezov" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="descolei">descolei</taxonomicName>
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under
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<taxonomicName id="C13768609B1CF40C75B8D2EA35D54FE3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:137382" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster distans Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distans">distans</taxonomicName>
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. But future work on the complex will require a reevaluation of all the synonymized forms.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |