323 lines
45 KiB
XML
323 lines
45 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="ECF27C4BB7074B5816B4DD8E06C228B9">The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FCAB74FD7CA1AA10D6D2228D6BB24A70">Lobato-Vila, Irene</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A6ACC254CAA264B5E2BDAF6D6A065C21">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6E30481F7733D64078C7D2D064D084EC" type="email">jpujade@ub.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="18FBD6AA6108A0D138EC06C8EE989571">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03BF702A9565FFA0FDE5FCC77120FFDE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447694" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177005126" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4447694" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF702A9565FFA0FDE5FCC77120FFDE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF702A9565FFA0FDE5FCC77120FFDE" lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79565FFA2FDE5FCC7712FFD2F" box="[151,578,834,861]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9565FFA2FDE5FCC7712FFD2F" blockId="96.[151,578,834,897]" box="[151,578,834,861]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<heading id="D0E176509565FFA2FDE5FCC7712FFD2F" bold="true" box="[151,578,834,861]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9565FFA2FDE5FCC7712FFD2F" authority="(Ashmead, 1885)" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[151,578,834,861]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virentis">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9565FFA2FDE5FCC7712FFD2F" bold="true" box="[151,578,834,861]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9565FFA2FDE5FCC77204FD2E" bold="true" box="[151,361,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Synergus virentis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9565FFA2FC0AFCC67157FD2F" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[376,570,834,860]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead, 1885</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79565FFA2FDE5FCE3727BFDF2" box="[151,278,871,897]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9565FFA2FDE5FCE3727BFDF2" blockId="96.[151,578,834,897]" box="[151,278,871,897]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132DDDB99565FFA2FDEDFCE37263FDF2" box="[159,270,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,1317,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-512@97.[152,1436,1317,1769]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 39. Synergus virentis (lectotype, USNMENT 00802411): a) lateral habitus; b) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434104/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Figure 39</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79565FFA2FDE5FC287069FD91" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9565FFA2FDE5FC287733FDB0" blockId="96.[151,1118,939,994]" box="[151,1118,939,964]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9565FFA2FDE5FC28729EFDB0" authority="Ashmead, 1885" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,499,939,963]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virentis">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9565FFA2FDE5FC287221FDB0" box="[151,332,940,963]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Ceroptres virentis</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB619565FFA2FC23FC2F729EFDB0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422308" box="[337,499,939,963]" collectionCode="USNM" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" specimenCount="1">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9565FFA2FC23FC2F729EFDB0" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[337,499,939,963]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead, 1885</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 12: 300.
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9565FFA2FE07FC2870CAFDB7" box="[885,935,940,964]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Type</typeStatus>
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material: USNM.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9565FFA2FDE5FC4E7069FD91" blockId="96.[151,1118,939,994]" box="[151,772,970,994]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9565FFA2FDE5FC4E72B9FD91" authority=": Weld (1922)" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,468,970,994]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virentis">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9565FFA2FDE5FC4E7229FD92" box="[151,324,970,993]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Synergus virentis</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9565FFA2FC23FC4E72B9FD91" author="Weld, L. H." box="[337,468,970,994]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref108767" refString="Weld, L. H. (1922) Notes on cynipid wasps, with descriptions of new North American species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 61, 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.61 - 2439.1" type="journal article" year="1922">Weld (1922)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Proc.
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<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9565FFA2FF6AFC4E7126FD91" box="[536,587,970,994]" name="United States of America" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">U. S.</collectingCountry>
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Nat. Mus. 61: 26.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79565FFA2FDE5FB9477FEFB54" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9565FFA2FDE5FB9477FEFB54" blockId="96.[151,1437,1040,2039]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9565FFA2FDE5FB9470F8FA59" bold="true" box="[151,917,1040,1066]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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Type material of
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9565FFA2FC1DFB94706EFA59" authority="Ashmead, 1885" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" box="[367,771,1040,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virentis">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9565FFA2FC1DFB94712DFA59" bold="true" box="[367,576,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Ceroptres virentis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9565FFA2FF3BFB94706EFA59" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[585,771,1040,1066]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead, 1885</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(examined)
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</emphasis>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9565FFA2FED4FB94772BFA59" box="[934,1094,1040,1066]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="9D100AB59565FFA2F923FB95770BFA58" box="[1105,1126,1041,1067]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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||
with the following labels: ‘Jacksnville, Fla’ (white label) / ‘Type’ (white label) / ‘Type No. 14536,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9565FFA2FEA7FBB07768FA3D" box="[981,1029,1076,1102]" name="United States of America" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">U.S.</collectingCountry>
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N.M.’ (red label) / ‘Collection Ashmead’ (white label) / ‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9565FFA2FCFCFBDC71F0FA01" authority="Ashm" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" box="[398,669,1112,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virentis">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9565FFA2FCFCFBDC7138FA01" box="[398,597,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Ceroptres virentis</emphasis>
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Ashm
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</taxonomicName>
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<specimenCount id="9D100AB59565FFA2FFD6FBDD71D4FA00" box="[676,697,1113,1139]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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, Type’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘USNMENT 00802411’ (white label, QR code) / ‘
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9565FFA2FC12FBF872B8FAE5" box="[352,469,1148,1174]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="9D100AB59565FFA2FCAEFBF9729CFAE4" box="[476,497,1149,1175]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9565FFA2FC8AFBF87015FAE4" authority="Ashmead, 1885" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" box="[504,888,1148,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virentis">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9565FFA2FC8AFBF871D2FAE5" box="[504,703,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Ceroptres virentis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9565FFA2FFB4FBF87015FAE4" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[710,888,1148,1175]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead, 1885</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, IL-V desig-2017’ (red label) / ‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9565FFA2F9AFFBF872F3FAC9" authority="(Ashmead) Weld, 1922" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virentis">
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||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9565FFA2F9AFFBF876F1FAE5" box="[1245,1436,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Synergus virentis</emphasis>
|
||
(Ashmead)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9565FFA2FC68FB2472F3FAC9" author="Weld, L. H." box="[282,414,1184,1210]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref108767" refString="Weld, L. H. (1922) Notes on cynipid wasps, with descriptions of new North American species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 61, 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.61 - 2439.1" type="journal article" year="1922">Weld, 1922</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, IL-V det. 2017’ (white label).
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9565FFA2FF89FB24709FFAC9" box="[763,1010,1184,1210]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="paralectotype">PARALECTOTYPES</typeStatus>
|
||
(1ϐ &
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||
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59565FFA2F93BFB247707FAC9" box="[1097,1130,1184,1210]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
) with the following labels: ‘Jacksnville, Fla.’ (white label) / ‘Collection Ashmead’ (white label) / ‘
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9565FFA2FEC4FB407770FAAD" box="[950,1053,1220,1246]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
No. 14536,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9565FFA2F9D9FB4077B1FAAD" box="[1195,1244,1220,1246]" name="United States of America" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
N.M.’ (red label) / ‘USNMENT 00960472’ (white label, QR code) / ‘
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9565FFA2FF92FB6C7013FB71" box="[736,894,1256,1282]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9565FFA2FEF4FB6C7666FB70" authority="Ashmead, 1885" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" box="[902,1291,1256,1283]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virentis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9565FFA2FEF4FB6C7722FB71" box="[902,1103,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Ceroptres virentis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9565FFA2F925FB6C7666FB70" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[1111,1291,1256,1283]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, IL-V desig- 2017’ (red label) / ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9565FFA2FC02FA887050FB55" authority="(Ashmead) Weld, 1922" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[368,829,1292,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virentis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9565FFA2FC02FA88715DFB55" box="[368,560,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Synergus virentis</emphasis>
|
||
(Ashmead)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9565FFA2FFC8FA887050FB55" author="Weld, L. H." box="[698,829,1292,1318]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref108767" refString="Weld, L. H. (1922) Notes on cynipid wasps, with descriptions of new North American species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 61, 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.61 - 2439.1" type="journal article" year="1922">Weld, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, IL-V det. 2017’ (white label).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79565FFA2FDB5FAB47126F96C" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9565FFA2FDB5FAB47126F96C" blockId="96.[151,1437,1040,2039]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9565FFA2FDB5FAB47257FB39" bold="true" box="[199,314,1328,1354]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9565FFA2FC38FAB47166FB39" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[330,523,1328,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virentis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9565FFA2FC38FAB47166FB39" box="[330,523,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Synergus virentis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to a group of species characterized by having the mesopleuron entirely sculptured, covered with fine, regular and dense transversal striae, the speculum medially finely aciculate to almost smooth; hyaline wings and radial cell of fore wing at least 2.5 times as long as wide; mesoscutum coriaceous, imbricated or weakly and densely transversely carinated; notauli incomplete, not reaching the posterior margin of pronotum; scutellar foveae visible and traceable, either well defined or shallow; and first metasomal segment completely sulcate dorsally and laterally.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9565FFA2FF41FA60719CFB8D" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[563,753,1508,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virentis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9565FFA2FF41FA60719CFB8D" box="[563,753,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Synergus virentis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the rest of species of this group (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9565FFA2F998FA60763EFB8D" authorityName="Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2021" box="[1258,1363,1508,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ebenus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9565FFA2F998FA60763EFB8D" box="[1258,1363,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">S. ebenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9565FFA2F8F5FA60724EF851" authorityName="Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9565FFA2F8F5FA60724EF851" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">S. ruficephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by having head, mesosoma and metasoma mostly ochre or amber, antenna yellow and legs pale yellow in both sexes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99565FFA2FC4AF9A872E5F835" box="[312,392,1580,1606]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,1317,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-512@97.[152,1436,1317,1769]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 39. Synergus virentis (lectotype, USNMENT 00802411): a) lateral habitus; b) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434104/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
a–c) (black or at least with some dark surfaces, never entirely yellow, ochre or amber in these species); gena slightly broadened behind eye (not broadened in these species); frons and vertex alutaceous to finely coriaceous, without punctures nor wrinkles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99565FFA2FFF1F9F0718FF8FC" box="[643,738,1652,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,1317,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-512@97.[152,1436,1317,1769]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 39. Synergus virentis (lectotype, USNMENT 00802411): a) lateral habitus; b) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434104/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 39b</figureCitation>
|
||
) (finely coriaceous with some small punctures, sometimes also with very weak wrinkles in these species); frontal carinae very short, running just a little from toruli, obscured by antenna (absent in these species); F1 and F2 subequal in females, at most
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CD99565FFA2FEBBF9387765F8A5" box="[969,1032,1724,1750]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="in" value="1.2">1.2 in</quantity>
|
||
males (at least
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CD99565FFA2F9C1F938779EF8A5" box="[1203,1267,1724,1750]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="in" value="1.3">1.3 in</quantity>
|
||
females, 2.0 in males); and syntergum posteriorly with a wide band of micropunctures occupying almost 1/3 of its length (just with a posterodorsal patch in these species).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79565FFA3FDB5F8AC76E0F9BE" lastPageId="97" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9565FFA2FDB5F8AC7200F931" blockId="96.[151,1437,1040,2039]" box="[199,365,1832,1858]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9565FFA2FDB5F8AC7200F931" bold="true" box="[199,365,1832,1858]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Redescription</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9565FFA2FDB5F8C8705BF915" blockId="96.[151,1437,1040,2039]" box="[199,822,1868,1895]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9565FFA2FDB5F8C872CEF915" bold="true" box="[199,419,1868,1894]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">FEMALE. Length</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length about 2.0 mm (n = 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9565FFA2FDB5F8F472ACF9A1" blockId="96.[151,1437,1040,2039]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9565FFA2FDB5F8F47266F9F9" bold="true" box="[199,267,1904,1930]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Color</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99565FFA2FC6BF8F47201F9F9" box="[281,364,1904,1930]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,1317,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-512@97.[152,1436,1317,1769]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 39. Synergus virentis (lectotype, USNMENT 00802411): a) lateral habitus; b) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434104/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body mainly yellowish brown (ochre). Face and gena, yellow; frons, vertex and occiput, ochre. Antenna yellow. Mesosoma ochre; tegulae, yellow. Metasoma yellowish orange, amber. Legs pale yellow. Wings hyaline, veins pale yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9565FFA3FDB5F85871FBFFDE" blockId="96.[151,1437,1040,2039]" lastBlockId="97.[151,1437,151,1293]" lastPageId="97" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9565FFA2FDB5F858726AF985" bold="true" box="[199,263,2012,2038]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. In frontal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99565FFA2FCB8F858714AF985" box="[458,551,2012,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,1317,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-512@97.[152,1436,1317,1769]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 39. Synergus virentis (lectotype, USNMENT 00802411): a) lateral habitus; b) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434104/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 39c</figureCitation>
|
||
) subtrapezoid to rounded, about 1.2 times as wide as high, gena slightly broadened behind eye. Face faintly pubescent, lower face with striae radiating from clypeus. Clypeus indistinct, ventral margin straight, not projected over mandibles. Malar space about 0.6 times as long as height of eye. Anterior tentorial pits visible; pleurostomal and epistomal sulcus absent. Transfacial line slightly longer than height of eye. Toruli situated slightly under mid-height of eye; distance between torulus and eye shorter than diameter of torulus; distance between toruli clearly shorter than diameter of toruli. Frons finely coriaceous, without punctures; frontal carinae short, obscured by antenna, almost inconspicuous. Head in dorsal view is about 2.4 times as wide as long. Vertex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99564FFA3FDD2FEEB726DFFF9" box="[160,256,367,394]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,1317,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-512@97.[152,1436,1317,1769]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 39. Synergus virentis (lectotype, USNMENT 00802411): a) lateral habitus; b) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434104/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 39b</figureCitation>
|
||
) finely coriaceous, without punctures. POL: OOL: LOL = 13.5: 10: 6 and diameter of lateral ocelli, 5.5. Occiput finely coriaceous, without punctures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9564FFA3FDB5FE3272B6FC4E" blockId="97.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9564FFA3FDB5FE327243FFA3" bold="true" box="[199,302,438,464]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Antenna</emphasis>
|
||
. 14-segmented; filiform, not broadened apically; pubescence dense and short. Scape plus pedicel about as long as F1; pedicel about 1.8 times as long as wide; F1 about as long as F2 or just slightly longer, F2 and F3 subequal; the following segments progressively shorter. Last flagellar segment almost 4.0 times as long as wide and 1.6 times as long as F11.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9564FFA3FDB5FDC371ADFDBA" blockId="97.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9564FFA3FDB5FDC37228FC12" bold="true" box="[199,325,583,609]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||
. About 1.2 times as long as high in lateral view, including nucha, with short and not dense pubescence (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99564FFA3FD95FDEF7227FCF6" box="[231,330,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,1317,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-512@97.[152,1436,1317,1769]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 39. Synergus virentis (lectotype, USNMENT 00802411): a) lateral habitus; b) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434104/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 39a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ratio of length of pronotum medially/laterally: 0.36. Pronotal plate indistinct. Lateral pronotum imbricated to weakly carinated; lateral carina absent, lateral margins of pronotum rounded seen from above. Mesoscutum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99564FFA3FC63FD37721FFCBD" box="[273,370,691,718]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,1317,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-512@97.[152,1436,1317,1769]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 39. Synergus virentis (lectotype, USNMENT 00802411): a) lateral habitus; b) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434104/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 39b</figureCitation>
|
||
) about 1.2 times as wide as long, imbricated, more strongly sculptured posteriorly, interspaces alutaceous; anterior parallel lines weakly impressed, almost inconspicuous; notauli incomplete, faint in the anterior 1/3; median mesoscutal line absent; parapsidal lines weakly impressed, almost inconspicuous. Mesoscutellum about 1.1 times as long as wide, wrinkled; circumscutellar carina weak but visible, obscured by wrinkles; scutellar foveae subtriangular, small, shallow, weakly punctate, posterior margin more or less defined and separated by a narrow carina. Mesopleuron (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99564FFA3FCE3FCE3729FFDF2" box="[401,498,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,1317,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-512@97.[152,1436,1317,1769]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 39. Synergus virentis (lectotype, USNMENT 00802411): a) lateral habitus; b) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434104/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 39a</figureCitation>
|
||
) regularly striated basally, speculum finely aciculate, almost smooth. Metapleural sulcus reaching 4/5 of mesopleural height. Propodeum pubescent and weakly sculptured; propodeal carinae straight and parallel. Nucha sulcate dorsally and laterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9564FFA3FDB5FC57774CFD9D" blockId="97.[151,1437,151,1293]" box="[199,1057,979,1006]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9564FFA3FDB5FC577392FD9E" bold="true" box="[199,255,979,1005]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Tarsal claws unknown (all the examined specimens have legs broken).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9564FFA3FDB5FC727019FA2A" blockId="97.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9564FFA3FDB5FC72727EFA63" bold="true" box="[199,275,1014,1040]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
. Fore wing pubescent with short marginal setae, slightly longer than the body length. Radial cell closed, about 2.5 times as long as wide; areolet visible, but only posterior vein slightly pigmented. Rs+M inconspicuous, not reaching the basal vein. Basal cell with sparsely spaced setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9564FFA3FDB5FBE7717CFB7E" blockId="97.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9564FFA3FDB5FBE7722EFA0E" bold="true" box="[199,323,1123,1149]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||
. About as long as head plus mesosoma and 1.2 times as long as high in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99564FFA3F987FBE7763BFA0E" box="[1269,1366,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="97.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,1317,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-512@97.[152,1436,1317,1769]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 39. Synergus virentis (lectotype, USNMENT 00802411): a) lateral habitus; b) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434104/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Fig. 39a</figureCitation>
|
||
). First metasomal segment sulcate dorsally and laterally. Syntergum smooth, anterolateral pubescence composed of a few setae and posteriorly with a wide band of minute micropunctures extended almost 1/3 of its length; not dorsodistally incised, pointed; following segments with minute micropunctures. Hypopygial spine as long as wide and with a few lateral setae; without apical setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6991B49564FFA3FDE5F8847205F94E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434104" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4434104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434104/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" startId="97.[151,250,1792,1816]" targetBox="[152,1436,1317,1769]" targetPageId="97">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9564FFA3FDE5F8847205F94E" blockId="97.[151,1436,1792,1853]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9564FFA3FDE5F884724DF96B" bold="true" box="[151,288,1792,1816]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">FIGURE 39.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9564FFA3FC54F88572B9F96B" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[294,468,1793,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virentis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9564FFA3FC54F88572B9F96B" box="[294,468,1793,1816]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Synergus virentis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(lectotype, USNMENT 00802411): a) lateral habitus; b) head and mesosoma in dorsal view; c) head in frontal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9564FFA3FDB5F8EF76E0F9BE" blockId="97.[151,1436,1899,2034]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9564FFA3FDB5F8EF724FF9F6" bold="true" box="[199,290,1899,1925]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">MALE.</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to female, except for the following: antenna 15-segmented; F1 1.2 times as long as F2; F1 slightly curved and incised medially, slightly broadened basally and apically. Lower face less striated medially (or even without striae). Malar space 0.7 times as long as height of eye. Metasoma shorter than head plus mesosoma.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79564FFA3FDB5F85371A4F981" box="[199,713,2007,2034]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9564FFA3FDB5F85371A4F981" blockId="97.[151,1436,1899,2034]" box="[199,713,2007,2034]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9564FFA3FDB5F8537234F982" bold="true" box="[199,345,2007,2033]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9564FFA3FC15F85372CEF982" box="[359,419,2007,2033]" name="United States of America" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9564FFA3FCDCF8537292F982" box="[430,511,2007,2033]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9564FFA3FF7CF85371D1F981" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[526,700,2007,2034]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79567FFA0FDB5FF12738DFEA6" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9567FFA0FDB5FF12738DFEA6" blockId="98.[151,1437,150,429]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9567FFA0FDB5FF12724CFEC3" bold="true" box="[199,289,150,176]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. Reared from galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9567FFA0FF65FF13777DFEC2" authority="(Ashmead, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[535,1040,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusvirens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9567FFA0FF65FF137024FEC3" box="[535,841,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Disholcaspis quercusvirens</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9567FFA0FE24FF13776AFEC2" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[854,1031,151,177]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="9 - 15" refId="ref101470" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1881) On the cynipidous galls of Florida [Paper No. 1]. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 9 (3 - 4), 9 - 15." type="journal article" year="1881">Ashmead, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9567FFA0F96FFF1377A4FEC2" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[1053,1225,150,177]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9567FFA0F9A6FF137622FEC2" author="Weld, L. H." box="[1236,1359,150,177]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="594 - 654" refId="ref108869" refString="Weld, L. H. (1951) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Muesebeck, C. F. W, Krombein, K. V. & Townes, H. K. (Eds.), Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, Synoptic Catalog. Agriculture Monograph No. 2. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., pp. 594 - 654" type="book chapter" year="1951">Weld 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9567FFA0F82BFF1373BEFEA6" author="Burks, B. D." pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref102011" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107" type="book" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79567FFA0FDB5FF5B7120FFDE" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9567FFA0FDB5FF5B7249FF32" blockId="98.[151,1437,150,429]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9567FFA0FDB5FF5B7259FE8A" bold="true" box="[199,308,223,249]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9567FFA0FC31FF5B7169FE8B" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[323,516,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virentis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9567FFA0FC31FF5B7169FE8B" box="[323,516,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Synergus virentis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from an unstated number of specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9567FFA0F908FF5B7609FE8A" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[1146,1380,222,249]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead 1885: 300</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We located and examined 1ϐ and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59567FFA0FC94FE877165FF6E" box="[486,520,259,285]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
belonging to the type series deposited in USNM and designated one of the females as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9567FFA0FDC4FEA3724DFF32" box="[182,288,295,321]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9567FFA0FDB5FECF7120FFDE" blockId="98.[151,1437,150,429]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
The host plant is not mentioned in the original description; however,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9567FFA0FEADFECF7722FF17" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[991,1103,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virentis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9567FFA0FEADFECF7722FF17" box="[991,1103,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">S. virentis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was probably collected from galls on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9567FFA0FD8BFEEB72FCFFFB" baseAuthorityName="Burks 1979:" baseAuthorityYear="1104" box="[249,401,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9567FFA0FD8BFEEB72FCFFFB" box="[249,401,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Q. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9567FFA0FCCBFEEB715CFFFB" authorityName="Small" authorityYear="1897" baseAuthorityName="Sarg." box="[441,561,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9567FFA0FCCBFEEB715CFFFB" box="[441,561,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Q. minima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because these are the only host trees mentioned for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9567FFA0F9E3FEEB763DFFFB" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1169,1360,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusvirens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9567FFA0F9E3FEEB763DFFFB" box="[1169,1360,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">D. quercusvirens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9567FFA0F810FEEB73BFFFDE" author="Weld, L. H." pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="594 - 654" refId="ref108869" refString="Weld, L. H. (1951) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Muesebeck, C. F. W, Krombein, K. V. & Townes, H. K. (Eds.), Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, Synoptic Catalog. Agriculture Monograph No. 2. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., pp. 594 - 654" type="book chapter" year="1951">Weld 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9567FFA0FDACFE17720EFFDE" author="Burks, B. D." box="[222,355,403,429]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="ref102011" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107" type="book" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9567FFA0FC1DFE17712CFFDE" author="Melika, G. & Buss, E. A. & Nicholls, J. A. & Platt Bird, J. & Stone, G. N." box="[367,577,403,429]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="991 - 1001" refId="ref104444" refString="Melika, G., Buss, E. A., Nicholls, J. A., Platt Bird, J. & Stone, G. N. (2013) Life cycle of Disholcaspis quercusvirens (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with a description of the sexual generation. Florida Entomologist, 96 (3), 991 - 1001. https: // doi. org / 10.1653 / 024.096.0337" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Melika
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9567FFA0FCB7FE17729BFFDE" box="[453,502,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |