598 lines
70 KiB
XML
598 lines
70 KiB
XML
<document id="9145E0D5AAFEE7C04A35E7A925570A38" ID-CLB-Dataset="46365" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3768.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="60a3e9ad-086f-4df2-a5e7-0445601b9267" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="227977" ID-ZooBank="FA258098-7021-40F7-B341-D339DE5C0EA6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460388452354" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Duellman, William E., Barley, Anthony J. & Venegas, Pablo J." docDate="2014" docId="03BF701EAD3B4E03CDCEFD49FAFEFC13" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03768p177.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3768 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gastrotheca aguaruna Duellman, Barley & Venegas, 2014, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="170" masterDocId="FF860866AD3E4E08CD59FFB2FFA5FFFF" masterDocTitle="Cryptic species diversity in marsupial frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae: Gastrotheca) in the Andes of northern Peru" masterLastPageNumber="177" masterPageNumber="159" pageNumber="164" updateTime="1698297961614" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="E60C54C91CD92B9289AB817BC94CAF6E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="522FFF4B0444E7568866E3223FA190DE">
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<mods:title id="DDC202C86FECD0B75ECF75823964981D">Cryptic species diversity in marsupial frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae: Gastrotheca) in the Andes of northern Peru</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="37A4E27C334E8830CE872863537ABB18" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D347C11806AF961232ED2A4CFDF8608D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="99127BB1E47060EE5C5D246E1D0B1C9E">Duellman, William E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="5B9807FD2482B9A3107859944E5E676F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="03014092E2A777704375CAF4DA98F9A3">Barley, Anthony J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3C54A682A449D4EA175F5828CCF389FF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1EB7FFD373138548B3633A2A4D1482B1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A9E1430E04B0C9F5D2DDCE4CCDE0DAE6">Venegas, Pablo J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C937BE3681AA5D2C47E9BCFFA101E6E1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7E4FF2AA8A36E4D7AF1961FE77E279A8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F6E8B5458F3D3A0830F57C700E86C848">
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<mods:date id="49986FF3456506338ECE384FD95722D1">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="9952771DD0D6ADF59B42C940B4D6CA28" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A7094C9AC0DEDC3259E382CCC3C5FDF5">3768</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="19ED35F599069B16F5BD10D013F6F6E1" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="EC03B0EB96478E998A2D2435113EDFF5">2</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="3E3403236072F56F88255CD8D2DF6B53">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C925CEAB1B688D5FA40255AB39FCC7D2" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3768.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BF701EAD3B4E03CDCEFD49FAFEFC13" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5678746" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119416088" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5678746" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF701EAD3B4E03CDCEFD49FAFEFC13" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF701EAD3B4E03CDCEFD49FAFEFC13" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">
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<subSubSection id="C30C9283AD3B4E0DCDCEFD49FD9AFCE9" box="[151,575,763,790]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD3B4E0DCDCEFD49FD9AFCE9" blockId="5.[151,575,763,790]" box="[151,575,763,790]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">
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<heading id="D0E17664AD3B4E0DCDCEFD49FD9AFCE9" bold="true" box="[151,575,763,790]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD3B4E0DCDCEFD49FD9AFCE9" bold="true" box="[151,575,763,790]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD3B4E0DCDCEFD49FE0DFCEA" ID-CoL="6JY6X" box="[151,424,763,789]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD3B4E0DCDCEFD49FE0DFCEA" bold="true" box="[151,424,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">Gastrotheca aguaruna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A251A061AD3B4E0DCCF6FD4EFD9AFCE9" box="[431,575,764,790]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30C9283AD3B4E0DCDCEFCF0FAC8F98C" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD3B4E0DCDCEFCF0FCC4FC5C" blockId="5.[151,1436,834,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">
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<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD3B4E0DCDCEFCF0FEA8FCA4" bold="true" box="[151,269,834,859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">
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||
<typeStatus id="54AD7FAAAD3B4E0DCDCEFCF0FEADFCA4" box="[151,264,834,859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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KU 212022, an adult female, from Molinapampa, 6˚10'50"S, 77˚37'01"W,
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<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD3B4E0DC9E3FCF1FABEFCA5" box="[1210,1307,835,859]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="2400.0">2400 m</quantity>
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, Provincia Chachapoyas, Departamento Amazonas,
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<collectingCountry id="F3018198AD3B4E0DCF32FCD5FD04FC81" box="[619,673,871,894]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, one of a series collected by S. S. Barantes, F. M. Cuadros, W. E. Duellman, M. E. Morrison, and J. J. Wiens on
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<date id="FFA8E7C8AD3B4E0DCFF8FC38FCF8FC5C" box="[673,861,906,931]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" value="1989-01-26">26 January 1989</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD3B4E0DCD9EFC1CFF73FBCC" blockId="5.[151,1436,834,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">
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<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD3B4E0DCD9EFC1CFEEDFC38" bold="true" box="[199,328,942,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">
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<typeStatus id="54AD7FAAAD3B4E0DCD9EFC1CFEE6FC38" box="[199,323,942,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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KU 212023–212025, adult males, 212026–212027, adult females, 212028 and 212030–31, adult males collected with the
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<typeStatus id="54AD7FAAAD3B4E0DCCE0FC60FDBBFC14" box="[441,542,978,1003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, and KU 212021, adult male, from
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<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD3B4E0DCEE6FC60FC5EFC14" box="[959,1019,978,1003]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
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N Levanto, 6˚17'59"S, 77˚53'55"W,
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<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD3B4E0DCDCEFC44FF57FBF1" box="[151,242,1014,1039]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="2850.0">2850 m</quantity>
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, Provincia Chachapoyas, Departamento Amazonas,
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<collectingCountry id="F3018198AD3B4E0DCE0BFC45FC2DFBF1" box="[850,904,1015,1038]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, collected by W. E. Duellman on
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<date id="FFA8E7C8AD3B4E0DC844FC44FF77FBCC" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" value="1989-01-25">25 January 1989</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD3B4E0DCD9EFB8CFAC8F98C" blockId="5.[151,1436,834,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">
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||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD3B4E0DCD9EFB8CFE1AFBA8" bold="true" box="[199,447,1086,1111]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">Referred specimens:</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED0759CDAD3B4E0DCC93FB8DFD98FBA8" box="[458,573,1087,1111]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/g3tc-zhv7" name="Centro de Ornitologia y Biodiversidad" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">CORBIDI</collectionCode>
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380, adult female, from ACP Huiquilla, 6˚22'45"S, 77˚58'42"W,
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<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD3B4E0DC865FB8CFA32FBA9" box="[1340,1431,1086,1111]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.935" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="2935.0">2935 m</quantity>
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, Provincia Luya, Departamento Amazonas,
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<collectingCountry id="F3018198AD3B4E0DCFDCFBD1FD1EFB85" box="[645,699,1123,1146]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, collected by G. Chávez
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<date id="FFA8E7C8AD3B4E0DCE84FBD1FB05FB84" box="[989,1184,1122,1147]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" value="2008-02-01">1 February 2008</date>
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||
.
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<collectionCode id="ED0759CDAD3B4E0DC9F5FBD1FABAFB84" box="[1196,1311,1123,1147]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/g3tc-zhv7" name="Centro de Ornitologia y Biodiversidad" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">CORBIDI</collectionCode>
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592, adult female, from Camino Leimebamba–Los Chilchos, 6˚39'51.2"S, 77˚41'23.9"W,
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<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD3B4E0DC913FB35FB0FFB61" box="[1098,1194,1159,1183]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2399999999999998" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="3240.0">3240 m</quantity>
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, Provincia Mariscal Caceres, Departamento San Martín,
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<collectingCountry id="F3018198AD3B4E0DCF6AFB19FDCCFB3D" box="[563,617,1195,1218]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, collected by P. J. Venegas on
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<date id="FFA8E7C8AD3B4E0DCE9EFB19FB23FB3C" box="[967,1158,1195,1219]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" value="2008-01-23">23 January 2008</date>
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;
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<collectionCode id="ED0759CDAD3B4E0DC9CAFB19FAA3FB3C" box="[1171,1286,1195,1219]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/g3tc-zhv7" name="Centro de Ornitologia y Biodiversidad" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">CORBIDI</collectionCode>
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10933, adult male, from Tragadero–Las
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<collectingCountry id="F3018198AD3B4E0DCC89FB7CFDAAFB18" box="[464,527,1230,1255]" name="Philippines" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">Piñas</collectingCountry>
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, 6˚39'45.5"S, 77˚44'28.8"W,
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<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD3B4E0DCE04FB7CFC13FB19" box="[861,950,1230,1255]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.235" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="3235.0">3235 m</quantity>
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, Provincia San Martín, Departamento San Martín,
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<collectingCountry id="F3018198AD3B4E0DCDACFB41FE8EFAF5" box="[245,299,1267,1290]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, collected by P. J. Venegas and L. Echevarría on
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<date id="FFA8E7C8AD3B4E0DCE2CFB41FBB0FAF4" box="[885,1045,1267,1291]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" value="2012-05-10">10 May 2012</date>
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;
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<collectionCode id="ED0759CDAD3B4E0DC97DFB41FB32FAF4" box="[1060,1175,1267,1291]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/g3tc-zhv7" name="Centro de Ornitologia y Biodiversidad" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">CORBIDI</collectionCode>
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11747, 11752, 11763, 11767, 11770, adult males, 11773, juvenile, 11774, adult male, 11788–89, adult females, 11792–93, adult males, 11794, adult female from Hornillo, 6˚08'30"S, 77˚29'04.9"W,
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<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD3B4E0DCEDCFA89FC41FAAD" box="[901,996,1339,1363]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.308" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="3308.0">3308 m</quantity>
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, Distrito de Vista Alegre, Provincia Rodríguez de Mendoza, Departamento Amazonas,
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<collectingCountry id="F3018198AD3B4E0DCF83FAEDFCB5FA89" box="[730,784,1375,1398]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">Peru</collectingCountry>
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||
, collected by P. J. Venegas and V. Duran on
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<date id="FFA8E7C8AD3B4E0DC852FAEDFEF4FA64" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" value="2012-08-23" valueMax="2012-09-02" valueMin="2012-08-23">23 August–2 September 2012</date>
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; KU 138238–40, adult males, and 128241, juvenile, from Chachapoyas,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE22A7CFAD3B4E0DC9DFFA30FB5FFA64" box="[1158,1274,1410,1435]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" precision="15" value="-6.2174997">6°12'63"S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE22A7CFAD3B4E0DC85FFA30FA3DFA65" box="[1286,1432,1410,1435]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" precision="15" value="-77.85611">77°51'22" W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD3B4E0DCDCEFA15FF48FA41" box="[151,237,1447,1471]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.34" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="2340.0">2340 m</quantity>
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, Provincia Chachapoyas, Departamento Amazonas,
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<collectingCountry id="F3018198AD3B4E0DCE6CFA15FCCEFA41" box="[821,875,1447,1470]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by T. H. and P. R. Fritts on
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<date id="FFA8E7C8AD3B4E0DC857FA15FA32FA40" box="[1294,1431,1447,1471]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" value="1970-05-01">1 May 1970</date>
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; KU 181741, juvenile, from
|
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<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD3B4E0DCC89FA78FD88FA1C" box="[464,557,1482,1507]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" unit="km" value="20.5">20.5 km</quantity>
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(by road) WSW of Leimebamba,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE22A7CFAD3B4E0DCEF6FA78FB87FA1C" box="[943,1058,1482,1507]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" precision="15" value="-6.927778">6°55'40"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE22A7CFAD3B4E0DC976FA78FB64FA1D" box="[1071,1217,1482,1507]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" precision="15" value="-77.91334">77°54'48" W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD3B4E0DC994FA79FA81FA1D" box="[1229,1316,1483,1507]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.22" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="3220.0">3220 m</quantity>
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, Provincia Chachapoyas, Departamento Amazonas,
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<collectingCountry id="F3018198AD3B4E0DCF3EFA5DFD38F9F9" box="[615,669,1519,1542]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by D. C. Cannatella on
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<date id="FFA8E7C8AD3B4E0DC97BFA5CFB61F9F8" box="[1058,1220,1518,1543]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" value="1979-03-06">6 March 1979</date>
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||
; KU 212029, adult female (skeleton),
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<collectionCode id="ED0759CDAD3B4E0DCC35F9A1FE67F9D4" box="[364,450,1555,1579]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">MUSM</collectionCode>
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||
6116–21, adult males and
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<collectionCode id="ED0759CDAD3B4E0DCFA3F9A1FCEAF9D4" box="[762,847,1555,1579]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">MUSM</collectionCode>
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||
6292, juvenile, all from the
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<typeStatus id="54AD7FAAAD3B4E0DC9C2F9A1FB6EF9D4" box="[1179,1227,1555,1579]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">type</typeStatus>
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locality, collected with the
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<typeStatus id="54AD7FAAAD3B4E0DCC53F984FED5F9B0" box="[266,368,1590,1615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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; KU 215627, juvenile, from Chachapoyas,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE22A7CFAD3B4E0DCED1F984FC5EF9B0" box="[904,1019,1590,1615]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" precision="15" value="-6.2174997">6°12'63"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE22A7CFAD3B4E0DC956F984FB0CF9B1" box="[1039,1193,1590,1615]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" precision="15" value="-77.85611">77°51'22" W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD3B4E0DC9E4F984FAB9F9B1" box="[1213,1308,1590,1615]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.36" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="2360.0">2360 m</quantity>
|
||
, Provincia Chachapoyas, Departamento Amazonas,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3018198AD3B4E0DCF3DF9E9FD3FF98D" box="[612,666,1627,1650]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by F. M. Cuadros and J. J. Wiens on
|
||
<date id="FFA8E7C8AD3B4E0DC9F4F9E8FACCF98C" box="[1197,1385,1626,1651]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" value="1989-01-25">25 January 1989</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C9283AD3B4E0ECD9EF9CCFED5F8FE" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD3B4E0DCD9EF9CCFE91F824" blockId="5.[151,1436,834,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD3B4E0DCD9EF9CCFEE4F968" bold="true" box="[199,321,1662,1687]" pageId="5" pageNumber="164">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A moderately large species (SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD3B4E0DCF9DF9CCFCCDF969" box="[708,872,1662,1687]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.42" metricValueMax="4.68" metricValueMin="4.16" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="44.2" valueMax="46.8" valueMin="41.6">41.6–46.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males,
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD3B4E0DCE82F9CCFBDBF969" box="[987,1150,1662,1687]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.01" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="4.9399999999999995" pageId="5" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="50.099999999999994" valueMax="50.8" valueMin="49.4">49.4–50.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females) with (1) tibia length 45–54% SVL, about same length as foot; (2) interorbital distance about equal to width of upper eyelid; (3) skin on dorsum weakly granular to smooth, not co-ossified with skull, lacking transverse ridges; (4) supraciliary processes absent; (5) heel lacking calcar or tubercle; (6) tympanic annulus smooth; (7) Finger I> II, with discs slightly wider than digits; (8) fingers unwebbed; (9) webbing extending maximally to antepenultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV and nearly to penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe V; (10) dorsum green with or without faintly darker paravertebral marks; (11) head markings consisting of a pale labial stripe and dark canthal stripe in some; (12) pale dorsolateral stripe present or not; (13) flanks and anterior surfaces of thighs lacking dark markings, but black spots or reticulations present in groin; (14) venter cream with dark flecks or spots; (15) brood pouch single, dorsal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF699180AD384E0ECDCEFBAAFAD4FBB3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227980/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" targetBox="[151,1429,183,1026]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD384E0ECDCEFBAAFAD4FBB3" blockId="6.[151,1435,1048,1101]" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0ECDCEFBAAFEB6FBD2" bold="true" box="[151,275,1048,1070]" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal and ventral coloration of preserved specimens of three species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0ECEA4FBAAFB24FBD1" box="[1021,1153,1048,1070]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD384E0ECEA4FBAAFBD9FBD1" box="[1021,1148,1048,1070]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gastrotheca</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A and D.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0EC9B0FBABFAD4FBD1" box="[1257,1393,1048,1070]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD384E0EC9B0FBABFAC8FBD1" box="[1257,1389,1048,1070]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">G. monticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
KU 219771, 57.2 mm SVL, B and E.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0ECCB3FB85FDCAFBB2" box="[490,623,1079,1101]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD384E0ECCB3FB85FDCEFBB2" box="[490,619,1079,1101]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna">G. aguaruna</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
KU 212022, 50.8 mm SVL. C and F.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0ECEA9FB85FBF5FBB2" box="[1008,1104,1079,1101]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD384E0ECEA9FB85FBE9FBB2" box="[1008,1100,1079,1101]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aratia">G. aratia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
KU 212067, 56.8 mm SVL.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD384E0ECD9EFBC6FED5F8FE" blockId="6.[151,1437,1140,2009]" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD384E0ECD9EFBC6FE6DFB73" box="[199,456,1140,1165]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0ECD9EFBC6FE6DFB73" box="[199,456,1140,1165]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">Gastrotheca aguaruna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
most closely resembles four other species in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3018198AD384E0EC911FBC7FBDAFB73" box="[1096,1151,1141,1164]" name="Peru" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In contrast to the much larger
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0ECD86FB2CFE23FB49" box="[223,390,1181,1206]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">G. monticola—</emphasis>
|
||
SVL 49.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD384E0ECF5BFB2FFDC0FB4A" box="[514,613,1181,1206]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.57" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="55.7">55.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0ECF22FB2EFD2CFB47" bold="true" box="[635,649,1180,1208]" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 51.7 ± 2.62,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0ECE61FB2CFCE3FB4A" box="[824,838,1182,1205]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">n</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100A81AD384E0ECE3DFB2CFC6EFB49" box="[868,971,1181,1206]" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" type="male">11 males</specimenCount>
|
||
), 48.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD384E0EC946FB2FFB27FB4A" box="[1055,1154,1181,1206]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.63" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="66.3">66.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0EC9C7FB2EFB09FB47" bold="true" box="[1182,1196,1180,1208]" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 58.4 ± 5.11,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0EC80DFB2CFAC7FB4A" box="[1364,1378,1182,1205]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">n</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100A81AD384E0EC8D9FB2FFF4AFB22" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" type="female">16 females</specimenCount>
|
||
)—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD384E0ECC4AFB77FE05FB23" box="[275,416,1221,1244]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0ECC4AFB77FE05FB23" box="[275,416,1221,1244]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">G. aguaruna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks a pale supracloacal stripe and black spots on the flanks and anterior surfaces of the thighs (Table 1;
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDD8DAD384E0ECC14FB5FFE34FAF9" box="[333,401,1261,1286]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1048,1070]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,183,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,183,1027]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal and ventral coloration of preserved specimens of three species of Gastrotheca. A and D. G. monticola, KU 219771, 57.2 mm SVL, B and E. G. aguaruna, KU 212022, 50.8 mm SVL. C and F. G. aratia, KU 212067, 56.8 mm SVL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227980/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The slightly larger
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0ECF25FB5CFD5DFAFA" box="[636,760,1262,1285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">G. aratia—</emphasis>
|
||
SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD384E0ECE6DFB5FFC72FAFA" box="[820,983,1261,1286]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.925" metricValueMax="5.57" metricValueMin="4.279999999999999" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="49.25" valueMax="55.7" valueMin="42.8">42.8–55.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0ECEB5FB5FFC5FFAF6" bold="true" box="[1004,1018,1261,1289]" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 48.1 ± 4.6,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0EC9C5FB5CFB0FFAFA" box="[1180,1194,1262,1285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">n</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100A81AD384E0EC99EFB5CFA84FAF9" box="[1223,1313,1261,1286]" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" type="male">8 males</specimenCount>
|
||
), 56.8 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0EC82EFB5CFA20FAFA" box="[1399,1413,1262,1285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">n</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100A81AD384E0ECDCEFAA7FF5FFAD2" box="[151,250,1300,1325]" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
)—differs by lacking black marks in the groin, having unpigmented nuptial excrescences, a brown vocal sac, and by having slightly more webbing on the foot; the web extends to the penultimate subarticular tubercle of Toe IV. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD384E0ECCDDFAEFFE4EFA8B" box="[388,491,1373,1396]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aratia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0ECCDDFAEFFE4EFA8B" box="[388,491,1373,1396]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">G. aratia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD384E0ECFD1FAEFFCB3FA8A" box="[648,790,1373,1397]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0ECFD1FAEFFCB3FA8A" box="[648,790,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">G. aguaruna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a tarsal fold extending the full length of the tarsus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD384E0ECDB2FA32FDCBFA66" authority="Duellman" authorityName="Duellman" box="[235,622,1408,1433]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dysprosita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0ECDB2FA32FE50FA66" box="[235,501,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">Gastrotheca dysprosita</emphasis>
|
||
Duellman
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD384E0ECE4BFA33FC07FA67" box="[786,930,1409,1432]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0ECE4BFA33FC07FA67" box="[786,930,1409,1432]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">G. aguaruna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a green dorsum with a narrow, diffuse, yellow middorsal stripe, green flanks with small yellow spots, and a granular tympanic annulus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD384E0ECDCEFA7AFDADFA1E" authority="Duellman" authorityName="Duellman" box="[151,520,1480,1505]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateonota">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0ECDCEFA7AFE37FA1E" box="[151,402,1480,1505]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">Gastrotheca lateonota</emphasis>
|
||
Duellman
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD384E0ECF88FA7BFCFBFA1F" box="[721,862,1481,1504]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0ECF88FA7BFCFBFA1F" box="[721,862,1481,1504]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">G. aguaruna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a truncate snout in profile, smooth skin on the dorsum, and a nearly uniform grayish brown venter. Six other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD384E0EC909FA5EFB7CF9FA" box="[1104,1241,1516,1541]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0EC909FA5EFB7CF9FA" box="[1104,1241,1516,1541]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">Gastrotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Andes in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3018198AD384E0ECDA4F9A3FE95F9D7" box="[253,304,1553,1576]" name="Peru" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD384E0ECCCBF9A3FD38F9D6" authority="Boulenger" authorityName="Boulenger" box="[402,669,1552,1577]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0ECCCBF9A3FDABF9D7" box="[402,526,1553,1576]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">G. peruana</emphasis>
|
||
(Boulenger)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD384E0ECFF2F9A3FBE0F9D6" authority="Duellman and Venegas" authorityName="Duellman and Venegas" box="[683,1093,1552,1577]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phalarosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0ECFF2F9A3FC9FF9D6" box="[683,826,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">G. phalarosa</emphasis>
|
||
Duellman and Venegas
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD384E0EC9DAF9A3FEA0F9B2" authority="Lehr and Catenazzi" authorityName="Lehr and Catenazzi" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phelloderma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0EC9DAF9A3FA8AF9D6" box="[1155,1327,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">G. phelloderma</emphasis>
|
||
Lehr and Catenazzi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all of which have pustular skin on the dorsum. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD384E0ECE13F987FB48F9B2" authority="Duellman and Venegas" authorityName="Duellman and Venegas" box="[842,1261,1588,1613]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ossilaginis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0ECE13F987FC44F9B2" box="[842,993,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">G. ossilaginis</emphasis>
|
||
Duellman and Venegas
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the skin on the skull is co-ossified with the underlying dermal bones.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD384E0ECE6AF9EAFB2AF98E" authority="Duellman" authorityName="Duellman" box="[819,1167,1624,1649]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abdita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0ECE6AF9EAFBB7F98E" box="[819,1042,1624,1649]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">Gastrotheca abdita</emphasis>
|
||
Duellman
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, differs by having an acuminate snout in dorsal view. Lastly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD384E0ECF3CF9CFFC76F96A" authority="Trueb and Duellman" authorityName="Trueb and Duellman" box="[613,979,1660,1685]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0ECF3CF9CFFD7EF96A" box="[613,731,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">G. galeata</emphasis>
|
||
Trueb and Duellman
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all the others by having a spatulate labium; the latter two also produce eggs that undergo direct development. The Ecuadorian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD384E0EC844F913FEDAF922" authority="Duellman and Hillis" authorityName="Duellman and Hillis" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0EC844F913FA39F947" box="[1309,1436,1697,1720]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
Duellman and Hillis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD384E0ECF45F977FD0FF922" box="[540,682,1733,1757]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0ECF45F977FD0FF922" box="[540,682,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">G. aguaruna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having an anteroventrally inclined snout in profile and a pale supracloacal stripe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C9283AD384E02CD9EF8BEFD74FE2F" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD384E0FCD9EF8BEFAB4FD9F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1140,2009]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,933]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD384E0ECD9EF8BEFE43F8DA" bold="true" box="[199,486,1804,1829]" pageId="6" pageNumber="165">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD7FAAAD384E0ECC20F8BEFE44F8DA" box="[377,481,1804,1829]" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult female; body robust; SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD384E0ECE31F8BEFC75F8DB" box="[872,976,1804,1829]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="6" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="50.8">50.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; head as wide as long; snout rounded in dorsal view and in profile, extending slightly beyond margin of lower lip; canthus rostralis acutely rounded in section; loreal region concave; lips rounded; top of head flat; interorbital distance equal to width of upper eyelid; internarial area flat; nostrils not protuberant near terminus of canthus rostralis, posterior to level of anterior margin of lower jaw; diameter of eye much greater than its distance from nostril; tympanum round, separated from eye by distance about one and a half times length of tympanum; tympanic annulus distinct (barely evident on left side), smooth; supratympanic fold moderately heavy, extending from posterior corner of orbit to point posterior to tympanum, obscuring upper edge of tympanum. Arm robust; row of ulnar tubercles absent; hand moderately large; fingers short, unwebbed; discs small, rounded, slightly wider than digits; width of disc on Finger III about equal to half length of tympanum; relative lengths of fingers I> II <IV <III; subarticular tubercles low, rounded, none bifid; supernumerary tubercles small, present only on proximal segments of digits; palmar tubercle absent; prepollical tubercle elongate.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3018198AD394E0FCC3EFEFEFE3BFE9A" box="[359,414,332,357]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="166">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
limb robust; tibia length 45.9% SVL; foot length 45.9% SVL; calcar and tarsal tubercles absent; inner tarsal fold prominent on distal half of tarsus; outer metatarsal tubercle absent; inner metatarsal tubercle large, elliptical, barely visible from above; toes long; relative length of toes I <II <III <V <IV; webbing basal between Toes I and II; webbing formula for other toes:
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD394E0FCE7EFE05FC99FE2F" bold="true" box="[807,828,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="166">II</emphasis>
|
||
1—
|
||
<date id="FFA8E7C8AD394E0FCE3FFE0AFCD1FE2F" box="[870,884,440,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="166">2</date>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD394E0FCE2DFE05FC31FE2F" bold="true" box="[884,916,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="166">III</emphasis>
|
||
1.5—
|
||
<date id="FFA8E7C8AD394E0FCE8AFE05FC45FE2F" box="[979,992,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="166">2</date>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD394E0FCEB8FE05FC5AFE2F" bold="true" box="[993,1023,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="166">IV</emphasis>
|
||
2—
|
||
<date id="FFA8E7C8AD394E0FC977FE0AFBECFE2F" box="[1070,1097,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="166">
|
||
1
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD394E0FC96EFE05FBECFE2F" bold="true" box="[1079,1097,439,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="166">V</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; subarticular tubercles small, rounded; supernumerary tubercles present on proximal segments of digits. Skin on dorsum and flanks weakly granular to smooth; skin on throat, belly, and ventral surfaces of thighs granular, on other surfaces of smooth; cloacal tubercles and folds absent; pouch opening puckered; pouch filled with eggs. Dentigerous processes of the vomers inclined posteromedially, narrowly separated medially, between round choanae, bearing five teeth each.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD394E0FCD9EFDDEFD37FCA2" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD394E0FCD9EFDDEFDA7FD7B" box="[199,514,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="166">Coloration in preservative:</emphasis>
|
||
The dorsum of the head, body, and limbs are gray. A pair of slightly darker paravertebral marks are barely discernible. The flanks are dull brown; the groin is gray with irregular black markings. A fragmented, faint pale gray dorsolateral stripe is bordered below by a fragmented, narrow black stripe; these stripes extend from the thoracic region and the groin. A dark brown canthal stripe is present; a white labial stripe borders the entire margin of the upper lip and extends posteriorly to the base of the forelimb. The posterior surfaces of the thighs are gray with faintly darker small spots or irregular markings. All ventral surfaces are dull tan with small gray spots on the throat and chest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD394E0FCD9EFCD5FE01FC5B" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD394E0FCD9EFCD5FE38FC7F" box="[199,413,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="166">Coloration in life:</emphasis>
|
||
No color notes were recorded for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD7FAAAD394E0FCE28FCD5FC72FC7F" box="[881,983,871,896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="166" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The coloration is most similar to the individual in
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDD8DAD394E0FCC75FC3EFE29FC5B" box="[300,396,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,988,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,988,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Variation in dorsal color pattern among living adults of Gastrotheca aguaruna from the type locality, Molinopampa, Amazonas, Peru. A. KU 212021, male, 42.7 mm SVL. B. KU 212022, female, 50.8 mm SVL. C. KU 212024, male 43.3 mm SVL. D. KU 212025, subadult, 36.8 mm SVL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227981/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="166">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF699180AD394E0FCDCEF824FCA4F815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227981/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="166" targetBox="[151,1436,988,1918]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD394E0FCDCEF824FCA4F815" blockId="7.[151,1436,1942,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="166">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD394E0FCDCEF824FEBEF854" bold="true" box="[151,283,1942,1964]" pageId="7" pageNumber="166">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Variation in dorsal color pattern among living adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD394E0FCEF1F824FB30F853" box="[936,1173,1942,1964]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD394E0FCEF1F824FB30F853" box="[936,1173,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="166">Gastrotheca aguaruna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the type locality, Molinopampa, Amazonas, Peru. A. KU 212021, male, 42.7 mm SVL. B. KU 212022, female, 50.8 mm SVL. C. KU 212024, male 43.3mm SVL. D. KU 212025, subadult, 36.8 mm SVL.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E01CD9EFF2BFEAEFEE3" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD374E01CD9EFF2BFE7FFF50" box="[199,474,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">Measurements (in mm):</emphasis>
|
||
SVL 50.8, tibia length 23.3, foot length 23.3, head length 14.8, head width 16.5 interorbital distance 5.0, eyelid width 5.0, internarial distance 3.1, eye–nostril 4.9, eye diameter 5.3, tympanum diameter 4.0, orbit–jaw 2.2, nostril–jaw 4.0, thumb length 10.3, third finger length 17.3, width of disc on third finger 2.3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF699180AD374E01CDCEFEE0FD59FE96" box="[151,764,337,361]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E01CDCEFEE0FD59FE96" blockId="9.[151,764,337,361]" box="[151,764,337,361]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD374E01CDCEFEE0FEAEFE96" bold="true" box="[151,267,338,361]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements of two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD374E01CF28FEE3FD5DFE96" box="[625,760,337,361]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gastrotheca</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E01CCD8FE26FB2EFE54" blockId="9.[151,1291,404,462]" box="[385,1163,404,428]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD374E01CCD8FE26FDACFE53" box="[385,521,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD374E01CCD8FE26FDACFE53" box="[385,521,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">G. aguaruna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100A81AD374E01CF41FE26FDE7FE54" box="[536,578,404,427]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168" type="generic">6 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 3 ♀)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD374E01CEEAFE26FBB0FE53" box="[947,1045,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aratia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD374E01CEEAFE26FBB0FE53" box="[947,1045,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">G. aratia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100A81AD374E01C97DFE26FBEBFE54" box="[1060,1102,404,427]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168" type="generic">8 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1 ♀)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E01CDCEFE05FAAEFE31" blockId="9.[151,1291,404,462]" box="[151,1291,439,462]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">Character Sex Mean Range SD Mean Range SD</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E01CDCEFE4AFAACFDF0" blockId="9.[151,1302,504,1607]" box="[151,1289,504,527]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">Snout-vent ♂ 45.1 41.6–46.8 2.17* 48.1 42.8–55.7 4.6</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E01CDE6FDA9FB51FDCD" blockId="9.[151,1302,504,1607]" box="[191,1268,539,562]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">length ♀ 50.1 49.4–50.8 – 56.8 – –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E01CDCEFD8CFB51FD87" blockId="9.[151,1302,504,1607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">Tibia length ♂ 21.8 20.0–22.8 1.17* 22.4 19.7–27.7 2.72 ♀ 25.0 23.3–26.8 – 25.4 – –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E01CDCEFD36FB51FD42" blockId="9.[151,1302,504,1607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">Foot length ♂ 22.0 20.1–24.0 1.39 22.4 20.1–26.3 2.33 ♀ 24.4 23.3–25.8 – 25.1 – –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E01CDCEFD7BFB51FCFC" blockId="9.[151,1302,504,1607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">Head length ♂ 16.5 13.9–25.4 4.41 16.3 15.0–18.0 1.09 ♀ 15.8 14.8–16.6 – 18.8 – –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E01CDCEFCBDFB51FCB6" blockId="9.[151,1302,504,1607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">Head width ♂ 17.4 14.8–26.4 4.43 16.8 14.6–19.0 1.54 ♀ 17.2 16.5–18.0 – 19.5 – –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E01CDCEFCE6FB51FC71" blockId="9.[151,1302,504,1607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">Thumb length ♂ 8.4 7.9–9.5 0.56* 9.0 8.0–10.4 1.03 ♀ 9.9 9.3–10.3 – 10.7 – –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E01CDCEFC28FB51FC2B" blockId="9.[151,1302,504,1607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">Third finger ♂ 14.9 13.2–15.8 1.10* 15.5 13.5–18.5 1.92 length ♀ 17.2 17.2–17.3 – 18.0 – –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E01CDCEFC52FAB3FC08" blockId="9.[151,1302,504,1607]" box="[151,1302,992,1015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">Interorbital ♂ 4.6 4.3–4.8 0.26 4.6 3.8–5.5 0.34</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E01CDE1FBB1FB51FBE5" blockId="9.[151,1302,504,1607]" box="[184,1268,1027,1050]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">distance ♀ 5.1 5.0–5.3 – 5.3 – –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E01CDCEFB94FAB3FBC2" blockId="9.[151,1302,504,1607]" box="[151,1302,1062,1085]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">Internarial ♂ 3.3 2.9–3.7 0.33 3.5 2.9–3.9 0.34</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E01CDCEFBFBFB51FB9F" blockId="9.[151,1302,504,1607]" box="[151,1268,1097,1120]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">distance ♀ 2.9 2.7–3.1 – 3.4 – –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E01CDCEFBD9FB51FB5A" blockId="9.[151,1302,504,1607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">Eye-nostril ♂ 4.0 3.8–4.2 0.13 4.4 3.5–5.8 0.74 ♀ 4.7 4.1–5.0 – 5.0 – –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E01CDCEFB03FB51FB14" blockId="9.[151,1302,504,1607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">Eye diameter ♂ 4.7 4.3–5.5 0.43*** 5.5 5.0–5.9 0.31 ♀ 5.4 5.3–5.5 – 6.9 – –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E01CDCEFB45FAB3FAF1" blockId="9.[151,1302,504,1607]" box="[151,1302,1271,1294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">Tympanum ♂ 2.9 2.5–3.3 0.33** 3.6 3.1–4.5 0.49</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E01CDEBFAA8FB51FACE" blockId="9.[151,1302,504,1607]" box="[178,1268,1306,1329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">diameter ♀ 3.3 2.8–4.0 – 4.4 – –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E01CDCEFA8FFB51FA89" blockId="9.[151,1302,504,1607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">Eyelid width ♂ 4.4 4.1–5.0 0.34 5.0 4.4–5.9 0.60 ♀ 5.0 4.9–5.0 – 6.3 – –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E01CDCEFA30FB51FA43" blockId="9.[151,1302,504,1607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">Orbit-jaw ♂ 2.1 1.9–2.3 0.15** 2.3 2.2–2.4 0.10 ♀ 2.4 2.2–2.6 – 2.6 – –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E01CDCEFA7AFB51F9FD" blockId="9.[151,1302,504,1607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">Nostril-jaw ♂ 3.1 2.7–3.7 0.35* 3.0 2.8–3.5 0.23 ♀ 3.9 3.8–4.0 – 4.1 – –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E01CDCEF9BFFB51F9B8" blockId="9.[151,1302,504,1607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">Disc width ♂ 1.7 1.5–1.9 0.14*** 2.1 1.8–2.5 0.23 ♀ 2.3 2.2–2.3 – 2.2 – –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E01CDCEF9DEFE71F922" blockId="9.[151,1436,1644,1757]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">
|
||
* Differences between means of sexes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD374E01CF63F9DEFD1DF97D" box="[570,696,1644,1666]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD374E01CF63F9DEFD1DF97D" box="[570,696,1644,1666]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">G. aguaruna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
significant (ANOVA, P<0.01) ** Differences between means for males of the two species significant (ANOVA, P<0.01) *** Differences between means of sexes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD374E01CF09F918FD6EF940" box="[592,715,1706,1727]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD374E01CF09F918FD6EF940" box="[592,715,1706,1727]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">G aguaruna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
significant and differences between means for males of the two species significant (ANOVA, P<0.01).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD374E02CD9EF8B6FD22FEE2" blockId="9.[151,1436,1796,2038]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,464]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD374E01CD9EF8B6FE9AF8E2" bold="true" box="[199,319,1796,1821]" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The maximum SVL in six males is
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD374E01CFBCF8B6FCEEF8E2" box="[741,843,1796,1821]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.67" pageId="9" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="46.7">46.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD374E01CEDFF8B6FC49F8E2" box="[902,1004,1796,1821]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="9" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="50.8">50.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in three females (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C694F4B3AD374E01C9E4F8B6FAB3F8E2" box="[1213,1302,1796,1821]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,242,338,361]" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements of two species of Gastrotheca." pageId="9" pageNumber="168">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). The basic dorsal color is green with or without creamy yellow labial and dorsolateral stripes. The dorsum is green with or without faintly distinct darker green or brown paravertebral marks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDD8DAD374E01CEC0F8FFFC44F89A" box="[921,993,1869,1894]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,988,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,988,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Variation in dorsal color pattern among living adults of Gastrotheca aguaruna from the type locality, Molinopampa, Amazonas, Peru. A. KU 212021, male, 42.7 mm SVL. B. KU 212022, female, 50.8 mm SVL. C. KU 212024, male 43.3 mm SVL. D. KU 212025, subadult, 36.8 mm SVL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227981/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Small black flecks are present on the dorsum in some individuals. There is a faint tinge of pale blue on the posterior surfaces of the thighs and in the groin, where small black marks are present. The venter is cream with or without black spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDD8DAD374E01C9E9F827FB50F852" box="[1200,1269,1941,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,988,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,988,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Variation in dorsal color pattern among living adults of Gastrotheca aguaruna from the type locality, Molinopampa, Amazonas, Peru. A. KU 212021, male, 42.7 mm SVL. B. KU 212022, female, 50.8 mm SVL. C. KU 212024, male 43.3 mm SVL. D. KU 212025, subadult, 36.8 mm SVL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227981/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
); the vocal sac in calling males is pale green. The iris is a copper color. The distinctness of a dorsal pattern of a pair of paravertebral marks is shown in figure 3, in which no pattern is evident in KU 212021 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDD8DAD374E01C92CF86FFB1CF80A" box="[1141,1209,2013,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,988,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,988,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Variation in dorsal color pattern among living adults of Gastrotheca aguaruna from the type locality, Molinopampa, Amazonas, Peru. A. KU 212021, male, 42.7 mm SVL. B. KU 212022, female, 50.8 mm SVL. C. KU 212024, male 43.3 mm SVL. D. KU 212025, subadult, 36.8 mm SVL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227981/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="168">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A); a faint outline is present in KU 212022 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDD8DAD344E02CCC5FF25FE7AFF4F" box="[412,479,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,988,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,988,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Variation in dorsal color pattern among living adults of Gastrotheca aguaruna from the type locality, Molinopampa, Amazonas, Peru. A. KU 212021, male, 42.7 mm SVL. B. KU 212022, female, 50.8 mm SVL. C. KU 212024, male 43.3 mm SVL. D. KU 212025, subadult, 36.8 mm SVL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227981/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="169">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B). The paravertebral marks are faint green, slightly darker than the rest of the dorsum in KU 212024 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDD8DAD344E02CC14FF0EFE36FF2B" box="[333,403,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,988,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,988,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Variation in dorsal color pattern among living adults of Gastrotheca aguaruna from the type locality, Molinopampa, Amazonas, Peru. A. KU 212021, male, 42.7 mm SVL. B. KU 212022, female, 50.8 mm SVL. C. KU 212024, male 43.3 mm SVL. D. KU 212025, subadult, 36.8 mm SVL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227981/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="169">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C); and distinct brown paravertebral marks are evident in KU 212025 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDD8DAD344E02C99AFF0EFAAFFF2B" box="[1219,1290,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,988,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,988,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Variation in dorsal color pattern among living adults of Gastrotheca aguaruna from the type locality, Molinopampa, Amazonas, Peru. A. KU 212021, male, 42.7 mm SVL. B. KU 212022, female, 50.8 mm SVL. C. KU 212024, male 43.3 mm SVL. D. KU 212025, subadult, 36.8 mm SVL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227981/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="169">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Breeding males have small brown nuptial excrescences on the medial surface of the thumb; the vocal slits extend posterolaterally from the base of the tongue.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD344E02CD9EFE9AFD74FE2F" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="169">
|
||
In juveniles from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD7FAAAD344E02CC83FE9AFDAFFEBF" box="[474,522,296,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="169">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, the dorsum is uniform green, green with darker green or brown paravertebral marks, or tan with dark brown paravertebral marks The venter is dirty white; the iris is copper. A juvenile from Chachapoyas had a tan dorsum with pale brown blotches edged with dark brown. A subadult found at the edge of a grassy pond
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD344E02CC8FFE26FDB8FE52" box="[470,541,404,429]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="169" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||
WSW of Leimebamba had a tan dorsum with bright green markings; the venter was cream, and the labial stripe was creamy white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF699180AD344E02CDCEF89BFA39F8A1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227982/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="169" targetBox="[155,1433,520,1808]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD344E02CDCEF89BFA39F8A1" blockId="10.[151,1436,1833,1886]" pageId="10" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD344E02CDCEF89BFEB1F8C1" bold="true" box="[151,276,1833,1855]" pageId="10" pageNumber="169">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Topographic map of the Andean region of northern Peru showing localities of known occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD344E02C879F89BFF5FF8A1" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD344E02C879F89BFF5FF8A1" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="169">Gastrotheca aguaruna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(black dots) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD344E02CCF0F8FBFDA7F8A1" box="[425,514,1865,1886]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aratia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD344E02CCF0F8FBFDA7F8A1" box="[425,514,1865,1886]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="169">G. aratia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(red dots), and names of political regions and major mountain ranges discussed in the text.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C9283AD344E03CD9EF837FBCCFD32" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="10" pageNumber="169" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD344E03CD9EF837FC73FEE3" blockId="10.[151,1436,1925,2022]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,1005]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="10" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD344E02CD9EF837FE53F861" bold="true" box="[199,502,1925,1950]" pageId="10" pageNumber="169">Distribution and ecology:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD344E02CCA5F837FD5FF862" box="[508,762,1925,1950]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD344E02CCA5F837FD5FF862" box="[508,762,1925,1950]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="169">Gastrotheca aguaruna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from several localities at elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD344E02C844F837FF08F83E" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8339999999999996" metricValueMax="3.308" metricValueMin="2.36" pageId="10" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="2834.0" valueMax="3308.0" valueMin="2360.0">2360–3308 m</quantity>
|
||
in the northern part of the Cordillera Central in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3018198AD344E02CF9BF818FD53F83E" box="[706,758,1962,1985]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="169">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDD8DAD344E02CE5DF81BFCEDF83D" box="[772,840,1961,1986]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,520,1808]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,517,1812]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Topographic map of the Andean region of northern Peru showing localities of known occurrence of Gastrotheca aguaruna (black dots) and G. aratia (red dots), and names of political regions and major mountain ranges discussed in the text." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227982/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="169">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD7FAAAD344E02CED7F818FC1BF83D" box="[910,958,1962,1986]" pageId="10" pageNumber="169">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality is in a valley where the frogs were found on bushes along, and on emergent vegetation in, a sluggish slowly moving marshy stream in a pasture by day. At Chachapoyas three individuals were found on low bushes, and under a clod of dirt by day. At the locality north of Levanto one adult was found under sod in a potato field in cloud forest.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD354E03C941FF0EFAB9FF2A" box="[1048,1308,188,213]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Hyloxalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucophaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03C941FF0EFAB9FF2A" box="[1048,1308,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">Hyloxalus leucophaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD354E03C808FF0FFF47FF07" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oreites">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03C808FF0FFF47FF07" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">Scinax oreites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were syntopic with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD354E03CC8CFF52FDC1FF07" box="[469,612,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CC8CFF52FDC1FF07" box="[469,612,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">G. aguaruna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD7FAAAD354E03CFE5FF52FD49FF07" box="[700,748,224,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality; the latter and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD354E03C95AFF53FB48FF07" box="[1027,1261,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schultei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03C95AFF53FB48FF07" box="[1027,1261,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">Pristimantis schultei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found in bromeliads at the locality where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD354E03CF5CFEB7FD35FEE3" box="[517,656,261,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CF5CFEB7FD35FEE3" box="[517,656,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">G. aguaruna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found north of Levanto.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD354E03CD9EFE95FC89FD9F" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">
|
||
The referred specimen CORBIDI 380 from the Área de Conservación Privada Huiquilla was in a small pond by day in humid puna above the tree line. CORBIDI 509 and 10933 from Camino Leimebamba-Los Chilchos were basking on leaves of terrestrial bromeliads by day in the humid puna. All specimens from Hornillo were in humid puna above the tree line. Gravid females (CORBIDI 11788–89 and 11794) were basking on the ground by day. At night, males were calling on bushes close to streams. Hornillo and Camino Leimebamba-Los Chilchos are in grassy regions dominated by bunch grass (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD354E03CF22FE6FFD11FE0B" box="[635,692,477,500]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CF22FE6FFD11FE0B" box="[635,692,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">Stipa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) with scattered bushes, terrestrial bromeliads, and some scattered patches of elfin forest. In ACP Huiquilla and Camino Leimebamba-Los Chilchos,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD354E03C969FDB2FB19FDE7" box="[1072,1212,512,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03C969FDB2FB19FDE7" box="[1072,1212,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">G. aguaruna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD354E03CDCEFD97FE64FDC2" box="[151,449,548,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CDCEFD97FE64FDC2" box="[151,449,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">Pristimantis melanogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. At Hornillo,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD354E03CF31FD97FD52FDC3" box="[616,759,549,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CF31FD97FD52FDC3" box="[616,759,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">G. aguaruna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was sympatric with
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CEB2FD97FAE0FDC2" box="[1003,1349,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD354E03CEB2FD97FB25FDC2" box="[1003,1152,548,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phalarosa">G. phalarosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD354E03C9D7FD97FAE5FDC2" box="[1166,1344,548,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phelloderma">G. phelloderma</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and an unidentified species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD354E03CCC2FDFBFD81FD9F" box="[411,548,585,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CCC2FDFBFD81FD9F" box="[411,548,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD354E03CF2AFDFBFD79FD9F" box="[627,732,585,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orestes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CF2AFDFBFD79FD9F" box="[627,732,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">P. orestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD354E03CD9EFDDEFBCCFD32" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CD9EFDDEFEF9FD7A" bold="true" box="[199,348,620,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">Life history:</emphasis>
|
||
The large number of small eggs in the brood pouches of two brooding females are indicative of eggs that hatch as tadpoles that complete their development in ponds (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCF9AD354E03CE93FD3DFB63FD57" author="Duellman" box="[970,1222,655,680]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" refString="Duellman, W. E., Lehr, E. & Aguilar, C. (2001) A new species of marsupial frog (Anura: Hylidae: Gastrotheca) from the Cordillera Azul in Peru. Scientific Papers Natural History Museum University of Kansas, 22, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Duellman
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03C91DFD23FBDDFD57" box="[1092,1144,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Metamorphosing young with tail stubs collected at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD7FAAAD354E03CF61FD07FDCDFD32" box="[568,616,693,717]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality substantiate this mode of life history.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C9283AD354E03CD9EFD65FF6AFCC8" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD354E03CD9EFD65FF6AFCC8" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CD9EFD65FEEBFD0F" bold="true" box="[199,334,727,752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name is a noun in apposition.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD354E03CE65FD6AFC0FFD0F" box="[828,938,728,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna">Aguaruna</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the name of the indigenous people of the Andes of northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3018198AD354E03CC2BFD4FFE03FCEB" box="[370,422,765,788]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
including the Departamento Amazonas; they never were successfully conquered by the Inca.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C9283AD354E03CD9EFCF6FAFEFC13" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD354E03CD9EFCF6FAFEFC13" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CD9EFCF6FE9EFCA2" bold="true" box="[199,315,836,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was first discovered at Chachapoyas in
|
||
<date id="FFA8E7C8AD354E03CEC5FCF7FBB4FCA3" box="[924,1041,836,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" value="1970-05">May 1970</date>
|
||
(KU 138238–41). Subsequently, a few green
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD354E03CC4EFCD5FE04FC7F" box="[279,417,871,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CC4EFCD5FE04FC7F" box="[279,417,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">Gastrotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found throughout the geographic range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD354E03CEBEFCDAFBDFFC7F" box="[999,1146,871,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CEBEFCDAFBDFFC7F" box="[999,1146,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">G. monticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3018198AD354E03C84AFCDAFAEFFC80" box="[1299,1354,872,895]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
. These specimens were considered to be a color variant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD354E03CFA7FC3FFC37FC5A" box="[766,914,908,933]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CFA7FC3FFC37FC5A" box="[766,914,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">G. monticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
until genetic data revealed that they were a separate species. This species apparently is abundant in agricultural areas, as well as in high Andean regions not suitable to agriculture. Thus, we suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD354E03CFCAFC66FC35FC13" box="[659,912,980,1005]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguaruna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CFCAFC66FC35FC13" box="[659,912,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">Gastrotheca aguaruna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be categorized as Least Concern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |