340 lines
36 KiB
XML
340 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.272951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272951" ID-ZooBank="6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B" checkinTime="1484409208030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2017" docId="03A800107702FFFBFF14A50691D8F992" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4217.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@5ce3343f" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.monograph" docTitle="Erylus surinamensis Van, 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="88" masterDocId="FF9178687757FFACFF83A36B907DFF9A" masterDocTitle="Sponges of the Guyana Shelf" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="86" updateTime="1645784257244" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>225</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.272951</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">272951</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698634" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127419937" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698634" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A800107702FFFBFF14A50691D8F992" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A800107702FFFBFF14A50691D8F992" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<subSubSection pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="85.[151,500,1645,1705]" box="[151,500,1645,1671]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,500,1645,1671]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,500,1645,1671]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName box="[151,400,1645,1671]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Erylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="surinamensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,400,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Erylus surinamensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[406,500,1645,1671]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="85.[151,500,1645,1705]" box="[151,304,1680,1705]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<figureCitation box="[151,270,1680,1705]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1467,1489]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1445]" captionTargetId="figure@86.[151,1436,193,1445]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 54. Erylus surinamensis sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9823 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, small oxea, d, dichotriaenes, d 1, juvenile dichotriaene, e, orthotriaene, e 1, juvenile orthotriaene, f, microrhabds, g, normal aspidaster, g 1, detail of g, g 2, entirely smooth aspidaster, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyaster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273005/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Figures 54</figureCitation>
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a–i
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="85.[151,1437,1752,2029]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726233" collectingDate="1970-08-24" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Suriname" elevation="117" latitude="7.1667" location="Material" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-53.5833" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,391,1752,1777]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A800107702FFFBFF14A50691D8F992:8EDEE7DD7702FFF9FF14A5B39082F96B" box="[151,255,1752,1777]" country="Suriname" latitude="7.1667" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-53.5833" name="Material" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Material</location>
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examined.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus box="[405,509,1752,1777]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode box="[524,608,1753,1776]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">RMNH</collectionCode>
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Por. 9823,
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<collectingCountry box="[757,867,1752,1777]" name="Suriname" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Suriname</collectingCountry>
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, ‘Luymes’
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<collectingCountry box="[1008,1095,1753,1777]" name="Guyana" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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Shelf Expedition, station 1,
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<geoCoordinate box="[151,260,1788,1813]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" precision="5" value="7.1667">7.1667°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate box="[266,395,1788,1813]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" precision="5" value="-53.5833">53.5833°W</geoCoordinate>
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, depth
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<quantity box="[476,605,1789,1813]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.04" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="117.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="104.0">
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<elevation box="[476,605,1789,1813]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.04" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="117.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="104.0">104–130 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, bottom sandy calcarenite,
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<date box="[910,1093,1789,1813]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1970-08-24">
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<collectingDate box="[910,1093,1789,1813]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1970-08-24">24 August 1970</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="85.[151,1437,1752,2029]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,1824,1849]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Description.</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[364,450,1824,1849]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1467,1489]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1445]" captionTargetId="figure@86.[151,1436,193,1445]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 54. Erylus surinamensis sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9823 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, small oxea, d, dichotriaenes, d 1, juvenile dichotriaene, e, orthotriaene, e 1, juvenile orthotriaene, f, microrhabds, g, normal aspidaster, g 1, detail of g, g 2, entirely smooth aspidaster, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyaster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273005/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
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a) Massively encrusting, with low lobes, each crowned by a central oscule. Size of specimen 3.5 x 2.5
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<date box="[375,412,1861,1885]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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x
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<quantity box="[398,412,1861,1885]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="cm" value="1.0">1</quantity>
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</date>
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cm, but it appears to be a fragment. Color light beige in alcohol, both outside and inside. Surface smooth. Lobes about
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<quantity box="[510,592,1896,1921]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
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in diameter, oscules up to
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<quantity box="[931,1023,1896,1921]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
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in diameter. Consistency firm but compressible.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="85.[151,1437,1752,2029]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,309,1968,1993]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Skeleton.</emphasis>
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At the surface there is the usual crust of aspidasters covered by a dense mass of microrhabds, and carried by the cladomes of triaenes. Choanosome with bundles of fusiform oxeas.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273005/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1445]" targetPageId="86">
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<paragraph blockId="86.[151,1436,1467,1581]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,289,1467,1489]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">FIGURE 54.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName box="[296,503,1467,1489]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Erylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="surinamensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[296,503,1467,1489]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Erylus surinamensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[511,593,1467,1488]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[511,593,1467,1488]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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, a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9823 (scale bar = 1 cm), b–i, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b1, details of b, c, small oxea, d, dichotriaenes, d1, juvenile dichotriaene, e, orthotriaene, e1, juvenile orthotriaene, f, microrhabds, g, normal aspidaster, g1, detail of g, g2, entirely smooth aspidaster, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyaster.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="86.[151,1436,1620,2005]" box="[199,1364,1620,1645]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,304,1620,1645]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Spicules.</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[319,404,1620,1645]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1467,1489]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1445]" captionTargetId="figure@86.[151,1436,193,1445]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 54. Erylus surinamensis sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9823 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, small oxea, d, dichotriaenes, d 1, juvenile dichotriaene, e, orthotriaene, e 1, juvenile orthotriaene, f, microrhabds, g, normal aspidaster, g 1, detail of g, g 2, entirely smooth aspidaster, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyaster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273005/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 54</figureCitation>
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b–i) Oxeas, dichotriaenes, orthotriaenes, aspidasters, two size categories of oxyasters.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="86.[151,1436,1620,2005]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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Oxeas (54b–c), fusiform, curved, in two almost overlapping size classes, (1) larger (
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<figureCitation box="[1279,1376,1656,1681]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1467,1489]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1445]" captionTargetId="figure@86.[151,1436,193,1445]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 54. Erylus surinamensis sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9823 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, small oxea, d, dichotriaenes, d 1, juvenile dichotriaene, e, orthotriaene, e 1, juvenile orthotriaene, f, microrhabds, g, normal aspidaster, g 1, detail of g, g 2, entirely smooth aspidaster, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyaster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273005/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
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b,b1), 1230–
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||
<emphasis box="[221,277,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">1330</emphasis>
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–1398
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||
<date box="[354,402,1693,1717]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1939-10">x 39</date>
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–
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<emphasis box="[417,466,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">43.5</emphasis>
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–54 µm, and (2) smaller (
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<figureCitation box="[751,835,1692,1717]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1467,1489]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1445]" captionTargetId="figure@86.[151,1436,193,1445]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 54. Erylus surinamensis sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9823 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, small oxea, d, dichotriaenes, d 1, juvenile dichotriaene, e, orthotriaene, e 1, juvenile orthotriaene, f, microrhabds, g, normal aspidaster, g 1, detail of g, g 2, entirely smooth aspidaster, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyaster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273005/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
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c), 642–
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<emphasis box="[924,966,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">880</emphasis>
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–
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<date box="[980,1090,1693,1717]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1002-10-21">1002 x 21</date>
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–
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<emphasis box="[1106,1155,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">22.7</emphasis>
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–25 µm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="86.[151,1436,1620,2005]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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Dichotriaenes (
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<figureCitation box="[369,458,1728,1753]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1467,1489]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1445]" captionTargetId="figure@86.[151,1436,193,1445]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 54. Erylus surinamensis sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9823 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, small oxea, d, dichotriaenes, d 1, juvenile dichotriaene, e, orthotriaene, e 1, juvenile orthotriaene, f, microrhabds, g, normal aspidaster, g 1, detail of g, g 2, entirely smooth aspidaster, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyaster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273005/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 54</figureCitation>
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d,d1), with rhabd and cladi of similar length (approaching dichocalthrops), but in a large size range; rhabdomes 260–
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<emphasis box="[468,510,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">616</emphasis>
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–800
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||
<date box="[574,624,1764,1789]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1935-10">x 35</date>
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–
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<emphasis box="[639,667,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">41</emphasis>
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–66 µm, cladomes 410–
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||
<emphasis box="[940,982,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">644</emphasis>
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||
–860 µm, primary cladi 190–
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||
<emphasis box="[1316,1358,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">223</emphasis>
|
||
–265
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||
<date pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1944-10-24">
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x 24–
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<emphasis box="[193,221,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">44</emphasis>
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||
</date>
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–54 µm, secondary cladi 23–
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||
<emphasis box="[546,588,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">122</emphasis>
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||
–270
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||
<date box="[651,699,1801,1825]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2010-10">x 10</date>
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||
–
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<emphasis box="[714,763,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">20.2</emphasis>
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–39 µm.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="86.[151,1436,1620,2005]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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Orthotriaenes (
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||
<figureCitation box="[367,457,1836,1861]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1467,1489]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1445]" captionTargetId="figure@86.[151,1436,193,1445]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 54. Erylus surinamensis sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9823 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, small oxea, d, dichotriaenes, d 1, juvenile dichotriaene, e, orthotriaene, e 1, juvenile orthotriaene, f, microrhabds, g, normal aspidaster, g 1, detail of g, g 2, entirely smooth aspidaster, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyaster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273005/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 54</figureCitation>
|
||
e,e1), rhabds slightly but clearly longer than the cladi, in a large size range, rhabdomes 240–
|
||
<emphasis box="[207,249,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">340</emphasis>
|
||
–680
|
||
<date box="[312,360,1873,1897]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1924-10">x 24</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis box="[375,424,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">30.6</emphasis>
|
||
–56 µm, cladomes 258–
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||
<emphasis box="[693,735,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">518</emphasis>
|
||
–760 µm, cladi 166–
|
||
<emphasis box="[968,1010,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">338</emphasis>
|
||
–666
|
||
<date box="[1073,1120,1873,1897]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2013-10">x 13</date>
|
||
–
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||
<emphasis box="[1136,1185,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">32.8</emphasis>
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||
–48 µm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="86.[151,1436,1620,2005]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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Microrhabds (
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||
<figureCitation box="[357,444,1908,1933]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1467,1489]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1445]" captionTargetId="figure@86.[151,1436,193,1445]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 54. Erylus surinamensis sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9823 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, small oxea, d, dichotriaenes, d 1, juvenile dichotriaene, e, orthotriaene, e 1, juvenile orthotriaene, f, microrhabds, g, normal aspidaster, g 1, detail of g, g 2, entirely smooth aspidaster, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyaster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273005/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 54</figureCitation>
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f), smooth, curved, usually centrotylote, with bluntly rounded smooth endings, in a large size range but not readily divisible in smaller and larger, 37–
|
||
<emphasis box="[829,857,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">49</emphasis>
|
||
–
|
||
<date box="[872,939,1944,1969]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1966-10-03">66 x 3</date>
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||
–
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||
<emphasis box="[956,991,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">4.6</emphasis>
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–6.5 µm.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="86.[151,1436,1620,2005]" lastBlockId="87.[151,1437,151,1544]" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
Aspidasters (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[345,433,1980,2005]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,481,1901]" captionTargetId="figure@88.[151,1436,481,1901]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 55. Erylus rhabdocoronatus sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9339 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – g, SEM images of spicules, b, oxea, b 1, details of b, c, orthotriaene, d, microrhabd, d 1, enlarged microrhabd to show crowns of spines on the apices, e, aspidaster, e 1, detail of surface of aspidaster, f, large oxyasters, g, small oxyaster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273006/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
Figs
|
||
<quantity box="[404,433,1980,2005]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.5" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="g" value="55.0">55</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
g–g2), thin, oval, occurring in two shapes, (1) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[969,1059,1980,2005]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1467,1489]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1445]" captionTargetId="figure@86.[151,1436,193,1445]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 54. Erylus surinamensis sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9823 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, small oxea, d, dichotriaenes, d 1, juvenile dichotriaene, e, orthotriaene, e 1, juvenile orthotriaene, f, microrhabds, g, normal aspidaster, g 1, detail of g, g 2, entirely smooth aspidaster, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyaster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273005/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
Figs
|
||
<quantity box="[1027,1059,1980,2005]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.4" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="g" value="54.0">54</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
g,g1) with the usual aster rosettes densely crowded on both surfaces, with a clear hilum at one of the sides, 200–
|
||
<emphasis box="[1021,1063,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">220</emphasis>
|
||
–248 x 111–
|
||
<emphasis box="[1200,1242,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">132</emphasis>
|
||
–142 µm, and (2) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[159,252,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1467,1489]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1445]" captionTargetId="figure@86.[151,1436,193,1445]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 54. Erylus surinamensis sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9823 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, small oxea, d, dichotriaenes, d 1, juvenile dichotriaene, e, orthotriaene, e 1, juvenile orthotriaene, f, microrhabds, g, normal aspidaster, g 1, detail of g, g 2, entirely smooth aspidaster, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyaster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273005/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity box="[223,252,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.4" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="g" value="54.0">54</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
g2) entirely smooth without any surface ornamentation, but with similar size, 201–
|
||
<emphasis box="[1305,1347,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">216</emphasis>
|
||
–232 x 110–
|
||
<emphasis box="[206,248,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">122</emphasis>
|
||
–133 µm. The ratio of smooth vs. normal aspidasters is 1:2 (n = 155).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="87.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Large oxyasters (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[393,476,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1467,1489]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1445]" captionTargetId="figure@86.[151,1436,193,1445]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 54. Erylus surinamensis sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9823 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, small oxea, d, dichotriaenes, d 1, juvenile dichotriaene, e, orthotriaene, e 1, juvenile orthotriaene, f, microrhabds, g, normal aspidaster, g 1, detail of g, g 2, entirely smooth aspidaster, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyaster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273005/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
|
||
h), sparingly spined with small spines (appear smooth in light microscopy), in a large size range, 27–
|
||
<emphasis box="[319,368,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">37.5</emphasis>
|
||
–51 µm, with 4–10 rays.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="87.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Small oxyasters (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[397,482,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1467,1489]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1445]" captionTargetId="figure@86.[151,1436,193,1445]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 54. Erylus surinamensis sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 9823 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – i, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, details of b, c, small oxea, d, dichotriaenes, d 1, juvenile dichotriaene, e, orthotriaene, e 1, juvenile orthotriaene, f, microrhabds, g, normal aspidaster, g 1, detail of g, g 2, entirely smooth aspidaster, h, large oxyaster, i, small oxyaster." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273005/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date box="[451,482,332,357]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="1954-01">54</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
i), tending towards spherasters, likewise with sparingly spined rays, 9–
|
||
<emphasis box="[1293,1338,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">11.6</emphasis>
|
||
–15 µm, ray number 11–16.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[199,893,404,429]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="87.[151,1437,151,1544]" box="[199,893,404,429]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,334,404,429]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is named after the country
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[778,889,404,429]" name="Suriname" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[199,1120,439,464]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="87.[151,1437,151,1544]" box="[199,1120,439,464]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,498,439,464]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[505,592,440,464]" name="Guyana" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
shelf, deeper water down to
|
||
<quantity box="[917,1044,440,464]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.04" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="117.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="104.0">104–130 m</quantity>
|
||
depth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="87.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,476,501]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Only a few other
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[519,602,476,501]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[609,664,477,500]" country="Tanzania" name="Mjini Magharibi" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">West</collectingRegion>
|
||
Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[769,842,476,501]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Erylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[769,842,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Erylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species have been reported to possess dichotriaenes:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Mothes, Lerner & Silva, 1999" authorityName="Mothes, Lerner & Silva" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,644,511,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Erylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="diminutus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,293,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">E. diminutus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mothes" box="[302,644,511,536]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Mothes, B., Lerner, C. B. & Silva, C. M. M. Da (1999) Revision of Brazilian Erylus (Porifera: Astrophorida: Demospongiae) with description of a new species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museu, 44, 369 - 380." type="journal article" year="1999">Mothes, Lerner & Silva, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Mothes & Lerner, 2001" authorityName="Mothes & Lerner" authorityYear="2001" box="[701,1076,511,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Erylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="soesti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[701,797,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">E. soesti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mothes" box="[805,1076,511,536]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Mothes, B. & Lerner, C. (2001) A new species of Erylus Gray, 1867 (Porifera, Geodiidae) from the southeastern coast of Brazil. Beaufortia, 51 (4), 83 - 89." type="journal article" year="2001">Mothes & Lerner, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These species are dissimilar to the new species because they only have dichotriaenes, not also plagio- or orthotriaenes.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1145,1287,548,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Erylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="diminutus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1145,1287,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">E. diminutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from
|
||
<quantity box="[1364,1436,548,572]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.83" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="183.0">183 m</quantity>
|
||
off SE
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[239,310,583,608]" name="Brazil" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, nevertheless has many features in common: shape, color in alcohol, general dimensions of the megascleres, microrhabds and aspidasters. Differences with the above-described specimen are the apparent lack of differentiation in smaller and larger oxyasters (only a single category of 11–23 µm is present), and the oxeas are strongylote, and on average considerably smaller and thinner. It will have to be demonstrated how these features are variable among individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="87.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Hechtel, 1965" authorityName="Hechtel" authorityYear="1965" box="[199,610,764,789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Erylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ministrongylus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,443,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Erylus ministrongylus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hechtel" box="[451,610,764,789]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Hechtel, G. J. (1965) A systematic study of the Demospongiae of Port Royal, Jamaica. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 20, 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1965">Hechtel, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from shallow-water in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[876,969,764,789]" name="Jamaica" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, has both orthotriaenes and dichotriaenes, like the present species, but the oxeas are strongylote (like
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[806,947,799,824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Erylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="diminutus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[806,947,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">E. diminutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and only about half in length compared to the new species. Aspidasters are very variable, 87–181
|
||
<date box="[789,840,836,860]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="1943-10">x 43</date>
|
||
–87 µm, but clearly smaller than in the present new species. Microrhabds and asters appear similar, at least in sizes and ray number.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="87.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Weltner, 1882" authorityName="Weltner" authorityYear="1882" box="[199,571,908,933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Erylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="transiens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,383,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Erylus transiens</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Weltner" box="[400,563,908,933]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Weltner, W. (1882) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Spongien. Inaugural Dissertation Freiburg, pp. 1 - 62." type="book chapter" year="1882">Weltner, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[622,713,908,933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[622,713,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Stelletta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is described as having predominantly orthotriaenes, but it has also triaenes with ‘gespaltenen Zinken’ (Weltner, p. 46, third paragraph, translated here as dichotriaenes). The single category of oxyasters measures on average 16 µm and is said to be smooth. The species is apparently close, but is different from the new species in these characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="87.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
The presence of about one third of smooth aspidasters is difficult to weigh as a discriminating feature of the present specimen, as there is no previous report of such high occurrence of abnormally developed aspidasters. These smooth aspidasters are definitely not juvenile forms of the normally ornamented aspidasters, because such juvenile forms are smaller than the adult spicules and are characteristically provided with a surface ornamentation of radiating ribs and grooves, testifiying of the original euaster ancestry of this spicule
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1143,1195,1197,1221]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. Both in SEM and in light microscopy there is no trace of these ancestral aster features, the surface is entirely smooth and transparent through and through. Possibly it is related to the silica content of the environment, close to terrestrial runoff, but these smooth aspidasters have only rarely been observed in other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1014,1088,1303,1328]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Erylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1014,1088,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Erylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1173,1260,1304,1328]" name="Guyana" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
shelf, and only explicitly by Von Lendenfeld in his monograph of the Pacific Erylidae, e.g. in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Lendenfeld, 1910" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1910" box="[1033,1350,1340,1365]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Erylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sollasii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1033,1145,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">E. sollasii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lendenfeld" box="[1153,1350,1340,1365]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Von Lendenfeld, R. (1910) The Sponges. 2. The Erylidae. In: Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer ' Albatross', from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut. Commander L. M. Garrett, U. S. N., Commanding, and of other Expeditions of the Albatross, 1888 - 1904. (21). Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 41 (2), 261 - 324." type="journal article" year="1910">Lendenfeld, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(his pl. II figs 15 and 22). Von Lendenfeld (
|
||
<emphasis box="[599,632,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">l.c.</emphasis>
|
||
) thought these are juvenile spicules, but described further juvenile aspidasters as provided with radiating ribs. The high frequency observed in the present specimen was not observed by Von Lendenfeld. Recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sim-Smith" box="[495,801,1447,1472]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Sim-Smith, C. & Kelly, M. (2015) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Sponges in the family Geodiidae (Demospongiae; Astrophorina). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 188, 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="2015">Sim-Smith & Kelly (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported smooth aspidasters without any ornamentation or ribs in their species
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[403,547,1484,1509]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Erylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fallax">
|
||
<emphasis box="[403,547,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Erylus fallax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, naming these juveniles, but they appear to be of the same size and shape as the ornamented aspidasters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |