290 lines
40 KiB
XML
290 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="FD18743BE80CFA7C38D76D35709A549E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1933.1.3" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5230922" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629573119035" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Naskrecki, Piotr, Bazelet, Corinna S. & Spearman, Lauren A." docDate="2008" docId="03A5961CA71DFF8224838BDBFBE0F64C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01933p032.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1933 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1933.1.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Paracilacris periclitatus Naskrecki & Bazelet & Spearman 2008, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FF9CEE64A71AFF8A24148804FF81F04E" masterDocTitle="New species of flightless katydids from South Africa (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae)" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1699077752193" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="3C4CD62E0B2CE1536B1402A4319ACDF5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1BCB95A21DC6E8C4CC8893B10E1FAB01">
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<mods:title id="F4BB3EDEB6D524523767305DDE004484">New species of flightless katydids from South Africa (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="A99DAAAC0ACF8E6DF44024FE5D8B257A" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="45755B9E00E637D37899AAE66A149543">
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<mods:roleTerm id="328571C09DE5670A3E8F9FC292715353">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="864C3FBB40823FE405DFBCB01AC6875D">Naskrecki, Piotr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0FE62AA20C34F303B207088A4865952B">Invertebrate Diversity Initiative, CABS, Conservation International Harvard University, 26 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. E-mail: p. naskrecki @ conservation. org JS Marais Building, Victoria St., Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa. E-mail: coreybaz @ gmail. com 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 - 8520, USA. E-mail: spearman @ eden. rutgers. edu</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="119CFE3CB358E57843DF6780B1C4EE13">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B8DE10395AE3F5E92E40091A302560FB">Bazelet, Corinna S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="19C8C1F06460A3BB41B6399F46EAB472" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="00A85B132BC683F157769FCAC10D7489">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6F394EF8CA1A71BC947F702637615FE2">Spearman, Lauren A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2FAFB40659C87870D9D7AA6C0C18296A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="59C15F533DFE8C61B4BCA30B7C3D13FB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E959808B93272EFC143303A2C114DFA3">
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<mods:date id="0701314BBAEC0CEC54E5451AD39489BB">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="029DD52D8CFB8656F5435FA4756BDCF5">2008-11-14</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="7EA05A41F0553E945B8D0D13373E5AA2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E695E54CFC9F42469FF0A0A5B99FDE90">1933</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="D9AB83B7B49CAB8E362F8421F83849B0" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="CB9E5F5D161F9B02819CF1F3541E4B86">1</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="8FC1FA2A459C269316E64025A2CD2FEA">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1933.1.3</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="C3F3A68F91692BD4967A053F16153FBD" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1933.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A5961CA71DFF8224838BDBFBE0F64C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5231107" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5231107" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A5961CA71DFF8224838BDBFBE0F64C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A5961CA71DFF8224838BDBFBE0F64C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">
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<subSubSection id="C3167481A71DFF8D24838BDBFD80F3B7" box="[151,513,991,1017]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB3270AA71DFF8D24838BDBFD80F3B7" blockId="7.[151,513,991,1052]" box="[151,513,991,1017]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">
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<heading id="D0FB9066A71DFF8D24838BDBFD80F3B7" bold="true" box="[151,513,991,1017]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B978FB18A71DFF8D24838BDBFD80F3B7" bold="true" box="[151,513,991,1017]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C5C89A71DFF8D24838BDBFE39F3B7" ID-CoL="4CPY7" authority="Naskrecki & Bazelet & Spearman, 2008" authorityName="Naskrecki & Bazelet & Spearman" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,440,991,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Paracilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="periclitatus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B978FB18A71DFF8D24838BDBFE39F3B7" bold="true" box="[151,440,991,1017]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Paracilacris periclitatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B4663A71DFF8D25AB8BDBFD80F3B7" box="[447,513,991,1017]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3167481A71DFF8224838C06FBE0F64C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB3270AA71DFF8D24838C06FE39F452" blockId="7.[151,513,991,1052]" box="[151,440,1026,1052]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13373B8FA71DFF8D248B8C06FEADF452" box="[159,300,1026,1052]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,185,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-95@11.[151,1436,165,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paracilacris mordax. A. male head and pronotum, lateral view; B. apex of male abdomen, dorsal view; C. male subgenital plate; D. male left tegmen; E. stridulatory file; F. female subgenital plate; G. ovipositor; P. periclitatus. H. male head and pronotum, lateral view; I. apex of male abdomen, dorsal view; J. male subgenital plate; K. male left tegmen; L. stridulatory file; M. female subgenital plate; N. ovipositor; P. lateralis. O. female subgenital plate; P. ovipositor." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5230926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5230926/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Figs. 2H–N</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13373B8FA71DFF8D252C8C06FEDCF452" box="[312,349,1026,1052]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[180,1416,197,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-57@12.[180,1416,197,1912]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paracilacris mordax. A. titillator, dorsal view; P. periclitatus. B. titillator, dorsal view; Amyttacta farrelli. C. male, lateral view; D. female devouring the spermatophylax; Paracilacris periclitatus. E. male, dorso-lateral view (green form); F. female, dorso-lateral view (brown form)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5230928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5230928/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">3B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13373B8FA71DFF8D257D8C06FE31F452" box="[361,432,1026,1052]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1544,1568]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-55@13.[151,1436,194,1520]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oscillograms of male airborne calls. Amyttacta farrelli. A. 5 s fragment of an echeme; B. 0.5 s fragment showing syllables; Paracilacris periclitatus. C. 5 s fragment of echeme-sequence; D. 0.5 s fragment showing a single echeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5230930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5230930/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">4C–D</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB3270AA71DFF8D24838C57FF69F4F2" blockId="7.[151,1437,1106,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B978FB18A71DFF8D24838C57FEB2F422" box="[151,307,1107,1132]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Type locality.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B642D57A71DFF8D252E8C56FF69F4F2" collectingDate="2008-03-09" collectionCode="PPRI" collectorName="D. Otte & Otte, P & G. Cowper" country="South Africa" county="Ingeli Forest" elevation="1384" latitude="-30.501612" location="KwaZulu Natal" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.708918" municipality="Ugum Distr." pageId="7" pageNumber="26" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry id="F31B679AA71DFF8D252E8C56FD57F422" box="[314,726,1106,1132]" name="South Africa" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<location id="8ED371D1A71DFF8D26F58C56FC18F422" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A5961CA71DFF8224838BDBFBE0F64C:8ED371D1A71DFF8D26F58C56FC18F422" box="[737,921,1106,1132]" country="South Africa" county="Ingeli Forest" latitude="-30.501612" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.708918" municipality="Ugum Distr." name="KwaZulu Natal" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">KwaZulu Natal</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BD7BD70A71DFF8D27B18C56FBB8F422" box="[933,1081,1106,1132]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Ugum Distr.</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62D25F86A71DFF8D20518C56FB5CF422" box="[1093,1245,1106,1132]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Ingeli Forest</collectingCounty>
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,
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<locationDeviation id="9A013E28A71DFF8D20FD8C56FF3AF4DA" location="Kokstad" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">
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<quantity id="4CF48AEFA71DFF8D20FD8C56FAB2F422" box="[1257,1331,1106,1132]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
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E Kokstad
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</locationDeviation>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3841CDA71DFF8D24DF8C7EFED8F4DA" box="[203,345,1146,1172]" degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" precision="1" seconds="5.8" value="-30.501612">30°30'5.8''S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3841CDA71DFF8D25728C7EFD87F4DA" box="[358,518,1146,1172]" degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" precision="1" seconds="32.1" value="29.708918">29°42'32.1''E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<quantity id="4CF48AEFA71DFF8D260E8C7EFDF7F4DA" box="[538,630,1146,1172]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.384" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="1384.0">
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<elevation id="0021C039A71DFF8D260E8C7EFDF7F4DA" box="[538,630,1146,1172]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.384" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="1384.0">1384 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFB201CAA71DFF8D26978C7EFD74F4DA" box="[643,757,1146,1172]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" value="2008-03-09">
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<collectingDate id="EFF6F822A71DFF8D26978C7EFD74F4DA" box="[643,757,1146,1172]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" value="2008-03-09">9.iii.2008</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, coll.
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||
<collectorName id="26F942DCA71DFF8D272A8C7EFC16F4DA" box="[830,919,1146,1172]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">D. Otte</collectorName>
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, P. Naskrecki &
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<collectorName id="26F942DCA71DFF8D20498C7EFB5AF4DA" box="[1117,1243,1146,1172]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">G. Cowper</collectorName>
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<emphasis id="B978FB18A71DFF8D20CF8C7FFB74F4DA" box="[1243,1269,1147,1172]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">—</emphasis>
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male
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<typeStatus id="54B799A8A71DFF8D21218C7EFA1AF4DA" box="[1333,1435,1146,1172]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED1DBFCFA71DFF8D248B8CA6FF60F4F2" box="[159,225,1186,1212]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6j3y-rabv" name="ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, National Collection of Fungi: Culture Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">PPRI</collectionCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB3270AA71DFF8D24D28CCFFCB8F512" blockId="7.[151,1437,1106,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B978FB18A71DFF8D24D28CCFFE4CF4AA" box="[198,461,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This species is easily distinguished from other member of the genus by its uniform coloration, lacking dark, lateral stripes of the remaining two species. The sclerotized part of the epiphallus (titillator) is covered with numerous hooks (
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<figureCitation id="13373B8FA71DFF8D26628D1EFD51F57A" box="[630,720,1306,1332]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[180,1416,197,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-57@12.[180,1416,197,1912]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paracilacris mordax. A. titillator, dorsal view; P. periclitatus. B. titillator, dorsal view; Amyttacta farrelli. C. male, lateral view; D. female devouring the spermatophylax; Paracilacris periclitatus. E. male, dorso-lateral view (green form); F. female, dorso-lateral view (brown form)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5230928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5230928/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
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) (titllator smooth in other species), and the female subgenital plate has a pair of characteristic, upcurved, pointed lobes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB3270AA71DFF8D24D28D6EFD3FF5CA" blockId="7.[151,1437,1106,2012]" box="[198,702,1386,1412]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Description (male, except where specified)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB3270AA71DFF8D24D18D97FAC6F5E2" blockId="7.[151,1437,1106,2012]" box="[197,1351,1426,1452]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B978FB18A71DFF8D24D18D97FEACF5E2" box="[197,301,1427,1452]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">General.</emphasis>
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Body large for the genus, robust, cylindrical; male brachypterous, female squamipterous.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB3270AA71DFF8D24D18DBFFB0CF66A" blockId="7.[151,1437,1106,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B978FB18A71DFF8D24D18DBFFE8CF59A" box="[197,269,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Head.</emphasis>
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Fastigium of frons not developed. Fastigium of vertex triangular, blunt apically, as wide as 1/2 of antennal scapus, not reaching apex of antennal sockets, flat dorsally; antennal scapus unarmed; antennae slightly longer than body; frons flat, slightly oblique; eyes circular, weakly protruding.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB3270AA71DFF8D24D18E37FCE4F68A" blockId="7.[151,1437,1106,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B978FB18A71DFF8D24D18E37FEA3F602" box="[197,290,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Thorax.</emphasis>
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Pronotum surface smooth; humeral sinus of pronotum absent; marginal fold of pronotum very narrow, smooth, lateral lobe almost 2.5 times as long as high; anterior margin of pronotum straight, flat; metazona convex (
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<figureCitation id="13373B8FA71DFF8D252F8E86FE18F6D2" box="[315,409,1666,1692]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,185,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-95@11.[151,1436,165,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paracilacris mordax. A. male head and pronotum, lateral view; B. apex of male abdomen, dorsal view; C. male subgenital plate; D. male left tegmen; E. stridulatory file; F. female subgenital plate; G. ovipositor; P. periclitatus. H. male head and pronotum, lateral view; I. apex of male abdomen, dorsal view; J. male subgenital plate; K. male left tegmen; L. stridulatory file; M. female subgenital plate; N. ovipositor; P. lateralis. O. female subgenital plate; P. ovipositor." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5230926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5230926/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
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), posterior edge of metazona broadly rounded. Prosternum unarmed. Thoracic auditory spiracle minute, circular, completely hidden under pronotum.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB3270AA71DFF8D24D18ED7FDAAF792" blockId="7.[151,1437,1106,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">
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||
<emphasis id="B978FB18A71DFF8D24D18ED7FE85F6A2" box="[197,260,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Legs.</emphasis>
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Legs slender. Front coxa armed with long spine, front femur unarmed ventrally; genicular lobes of front femur unarmed. Front tibia unarmed dorsally, with 2–3 spines on posterior and 1–3 on anterior ventral margin, ventral spines on front tibia short, about half as long as tibia diameter; tympanum bilaterally open, oval, about twice as long as wide. Mid femur unarmed ventrally, genicular lobes of mid femur unarmed; mid tibia not noticeably thickened in basal part. unarmed dorsally, with 2–3 spines on posterior and 3–4 on anterior ventral margin. Hind femur unarmed ventrally, genicular lobes of hind femur unarmed; consecutive dorsal spines of hind tibia of similar size.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB3270AA712FF8224D1889CFEB1F134" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978FB18A712FF8224D1889CFE95F0FF" box="[197,276,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Wings.</emphasis>
|
||
Tegmen reduced, completely hidden under pronotum; narrowly rounded; anterior margin rounded; hind wing absent. Costal field narrow; veins Sc and R close together, parallel along their entire length; right stridulatory area with large, fully developed mirror; mirror roughly cicrular; left stridulatory area with large, fully developed mirror (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13373B8FA712FF8225BA8914FD8DF164" box="[430,524,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,185,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-95@11.[151,1436,165,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paracilacris mordax. A. male head and pronotum, lateral view; B. apex of male abdomen, dorsal view; C. male subgenital plate; D. male left tegmen; E. stridulatory file; F. female subgenital plate; G. ovipositor; P. periclitatus. H. male head and pronotum, lateral view; I. apex of male abdomen, dorsal view; J. male subgenital plate; K. male left tegmen; L. stridulatory file; M. female subgenital plate; N. ovipositor; P. lateralis. O. female subgenital plate; P. ovipositor." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5230926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5230926/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Stridulatory file elevated on thickened vein, nearly straight, bent in proximal fourth, with 61 teeth,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF48AEFA712FF822586893CFE6DF11C" box="[402,492,312,338]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF48AEFA712FF822621893CFD1AF11C" box="[565,667,312,338]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="0.06">0.06 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13373B8FA712FF8226FF893CFCC7F11C" box="[747,838,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,185,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-95@11.[151,1436,165,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paracilacris mordax. A. male head and pronotum, lateral view; B. apex of male abdomen, dorsal view; C. male subgenital plate; D. male left tegmen; E. stridulatory file; F. female subgenital plate; G. ovipositor; P. periclitatus. H. male head and pronotum, lateral view; I. apex of male abdomen, dorsal view; J. male subgenital plate; K. male left tegmen; L. stridulatory file; M. female subgenital plate; N. ovipositor; P. lateralis. O. female subgenital plate; P. ovipositor." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5230926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5230926/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Fig. 2L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Female tegmina squamiform, shorter than quarter of pronotum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3270AA712FF8224D2898CFB58F184" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978FB18A712FF8224D2898CFDE3F1EF" box="[198,610,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Measurements (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0AEC83A712FF822595898CFE5EF1EF" box="[385,479,392,417]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0AEC83A712FF8225F8898CFDD6F1EF" box="[492,599,392,417]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
body: male 11.5–14 (12.4±1.4), female 14; pronotum: male 6, female 6; tegmen: male 2.5, female; hind femur: male 9–9.5 (9.3±.3), female 9.5; ovipositor:
|
||
<quantity id="4CF48AEFA712FF82209989B4FB55F184" box="[1165,1236,432,458]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3270AA712FF8224D189DCFC47F2F4" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978FB18A712FF8224D189DCFEBDF1BF" box="[197,316,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Tenth tergite unmodified; epiproct unmodified, rounded. Cercus short, straight; horizontal when seen from side, and with large, inner tooth; apex tapered (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13373B8FA712FF8227868A04FC67F254" box="[914,998,512,538]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,185,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-95@11.[151,1436,165,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paracilacris mordax. A. male head and pronotum, lateral view; B. apex of male abdomen, dorsal view; C. male subgenital plate; D. male left tegmen; E. stridulatory file; F. female subgenital plate; G. ovipositor; P. periclitatus. H. male head and pronotum, lateral view; I. apex of male abdomen, dorsal view; J. male subgenital plate; K. male left tegmen; L. stridulatory file; M. female subgenital plate; N. ovipositor; P. lateralis. O. female subgenital plate; P. ovipositor." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5230926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5230926/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Fig. 2I</figureCitation>
|
||
); paraprocts not sclerotized, forming short, finger-like lobes pointing down; sclerotized epiphallus elongate, parallel-sided, truncated apically, and covered with minute hooks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13373B8FA712FF8225FE8A54FDC9F224" box="[490,584,592,618]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[180,1416,197,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-57@12.[180,1416,197,1912]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paracilacris mordax. A. titillator, dorsal view; P. periclitatus. B. titillator, dorsal view; Amyttacta farrelli. C. male, lateral view; D. female devouring the spermatophylax; Paracilacris periclitatus. E. male, dorso-lateral view (green form); F. female, dorso-lateral view (brown form)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5230928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5230928/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Subgenital plate elongate, narrowly trapezoidal, with small, triangular apical incision; styli absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13373B8FA712FF8225F08A7CFDB9F2DC" box="[484,568,632,658]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,185,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-95@11.[151,1436,165,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paracilacris mordax. A. male head and pronotum, lateral view; B. apex of male abdomen, dorsal view; C. male subgenital plate; D. male left tegmen; E. stridulatory file; F. female subgenital plate; G. ovipositor; P. periclitatus. H. male head and pronotum, lateral view; I. apex of male abdomen, dorsal view; J. male subgenital plate; K. male left tegmen; L. stridulatory file; M. female subgenital plate; N. ovipositor; P. lateralis. O. female subgenital plate; P. ovipositor." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5230926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5230926/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Fig. 2J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Female subgenital plate broadly rectangular, with deep, triangular apical incision (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13373B8FA712FF8225108AA4FEE6F2F4" box="[260,359,672,698]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,185,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-95@11.[151,1436,165,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paracilacris mordax. A. male head and pronotum, lateral view; B. apex of male abdomen, dorsal view; C. male subgenital plate; D. male left tegmen; E. stridulatory file; F. female subgenital plate; G. ovipositor; P. periclitatus. H. male head and pronotum, lateral view; I. apex of male abdomen, dorsal view; J. male subgenital plate; K. male left tegmen; L. stridulatory file; M. female subgenital plate; N. ovipositor; P. lateralis. O. female subgenital plate; P. ovipositor." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5230926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5230926/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Fig. 2M</figureCitation>
|
||
), posterior lobes narrow, curved upwards (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13373B8FA712FF82274E8AA4FC38F2F4" box="[858,953,672,698]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,185,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-95@11.[151,1436,165,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paracilacris mordax. A. male head and pronotum, lateral view; B. apex of male abdomen, dorsal view; C. male subgenital plate; D. male left tegmen; E. stridulatory file; F. female subgenital plate; G. ovipositor; P. periclitatus. H. male head and pronotum, lateral view; I. apex of male abdomen, dorsal view; J. male subgenital plate; K. male left tegmen; L. stridulatory file; M. female subgenital plate; N. ovipositor; P. lateralis. O. female subgenital plate; P. ovipositor." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5230926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5230926/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Fig. 2N</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3270AA712FF8224D18ACCFBB3F344" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978FB18A712FF8224D18ACCFEC6F2AF" box="[197,327,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Ovipositor.</emphasis>
|
||
Ovipositor strongly curved, shorter than half of hind femur, apex with strong apical teeth on both valvulae, dorsal edge of upper valvula parallel to lower valvula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13373B8FA712FF8227D28AF4FBA4F344" box="[966,1061,752,778]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[161,1421,185,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-95@11.[151,1436,165,1855]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paracilacris mordax. A. male head and pronotum, lateral view; B. apex of male abdomen, dorsal view; C. male subgenital plate; D. male left tegmen; E. stridulatory file; F. female subgenital plate; G. ovipositor; P. periclitatus. H. male head and pronotum, lateral view; I. apex of male abdomen, dorsal view; J. male subgenital plate; K. male left tegmen; L. stridulatory file; M. female subgenital plate; N. ovipositor; P. lateralis. O. female subgenital plate; P. ovipositor." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5230926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5230926/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Fig. 2N</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3270AA712FF8224D18B1CFBCBF3E4" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978FB18A712FF8224D18B1CFECCF37F" box="[197,333,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Coloration.</emphasis>
|
||
Coloration light green (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13373B8FA712FF82267A8B1CFD49F37C" box="[622,712,792,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[180,1416,197,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-57@12.[180,1416,197,1912]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paracilacris mordax. A. titillator, dorsal view; P. periclitatus. B. titillator, dorsal view; Amyttacta farrelli. C. male, lateral view; D. female devouring the spermatophylax; Paracilacris periclitatus. E. male, dorso-lateral view (green form); F. female, dorso-lateral view (brown form)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5230928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5230928/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
) to pinkish-brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13373B8FA712FF8227A28B1CFB91F37C" box="[950,1040,792,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[180,1416,197,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-57@12.[180,1416,197,1912]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Paracilacris mordax. A. titillator, dorsal view; P. periclitatus. B. titillator, dorsal view; Amyttacta farrelli. C. male, lateral view; D. female devouring the spermatophylax; Paracilacris periclitatus. E. male, dorso-lateral view (green form); F. female, dorso-lateral view (brown form)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5230928" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5230928/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
), antennae concolorous; antennal scapus without markings; eyes with dark, horizontal band; face green; occiput with two light yellow bands behind eyes. Pronotum with sparsely distributed, small, brown or blue dots and patches; abdominal terga with densely distributed, dark dots. Legs without distinct markings; ovipositor brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3270AA712FF8224D98BBCFB5DF46C" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978FB18A712FF8224D98BBCFD14F39F" box="[205,661,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Measurements (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0AEC83A712FF82259C8BBCFE67F39F" box="[392,486,952,977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0AEC83A712FF8225E78BBCFDE9F39F" box="[499,616,952,977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" type="female">6 females</specimenCount>
|
||
). —
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
body: male 14–17 (15.6±1.1), female 17.5–21 (19.1±1.2); pronotum: male 8.3–9 (8.6±.3), female 7–8.1 (7.6±.5); tegmen: male 5–5.5 (5.4±.2), female 1–1.2 (1.1±.1); hind femur: male 10.5–11.5 (11.1±.4), female 12–12.5 (12.1±.2); ovipositor: 4.5–5.5 (5.2±.4) mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3270AA712FF8224D18C34FAAEF4D4" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978FB18A712FF8224D18C34FE2EF407" box="[197,431,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B642D57A712FF8225AE8C2BFAAAF4D4" collectingDate="2008-03-09" collectionCode="ANSP, PPRI, SAMC, USEC" collectorName="D. Otte & Otte, P & G. Cowper" country="South Africa" county="Ingeli Forest" elevation="1384" latitude="-30.501612" location="KwaZulu Natal" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.708918" municipality="Ugum Distr." pageId="8" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="20" specimenCount-female="11" specimenCount-male="9" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978FB18A712FF8225AE8C2BFD7CF407" bold="true" box="[442,765,1071,1097]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31B679AA712FF8225AE8C2BFD7CF407" box="[442,765,1071,1097]" name="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Republic of South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8ED371D1A712FF8227068C34FC4FF404" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A5961CA71DFF8224838BDBFBE0F64C:8ED371D1A712FF8227068C34FC4FF404" box="[786,974,1072,1098]" country="South Africa" county="Ingeli Forest" latitude="-30.501612" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="29.708918" municipality="Ugum Distr." name="KwaZulu Natal" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">KwaZulu Natal</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD7BD70A712FF8227C98C34FBF7F404" box="[989,1142,1072,1098]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Ugum Distr.</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62D25F86A712FF8220918C34FAA0F404" box="[1157,1313,1072,1098]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Ingeli Forest</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A013E28A712FF8221258C34FF7AF43C" location="Kokstad" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<quantity id="4CF48AEFA712FF8221258C34FAFEF404" box="[1329,1407,1072,1098]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
|
||
E Kokstad
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF48AEFA712FF8225538C5CFE21F43C" box="[327,416,1112,1138]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.384" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="1384.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0021C039A712FF8225538C5CFE21F43C" box="[327,416,1112,1138]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.384" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="1384.0">1384 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3841CDA712FF8225A58C5CFDBEF43C" box="[433,575,1112,1138]" degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" precision="1" seconds="5.8" value="-30.501612">30°30'5.8''S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3841CDA712FF8226598C5CFD6DF43C" box="[589,748,1112,1138]" degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" precision="1" seconds="32.1" value="29.708918">29°42'32.1''E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFB201CAA712FF8227168C5CFCFCF43C" box="[770,893,1112,1138]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" value="2008-03-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFF6F822A712FF8227168C5CFCFCF43C" box="[770,893,1112,1138]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" value="2008-03-09">9.iii. 2008</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26F942DCA712FF8227D28C5CFBA1F43C" box="[966,1056,1112,1138]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">D. Otte</collectorName>
|
||
, P. Naskrecki &
|
||
<collectorName id="26F942DCA712FF8220FC8C5CFAE7F43C" box="[1256,1382,1112,1138]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">G. Cowper</collectorName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B978FB18A712FF8221718C5CFAFEF43F" box="[1381,1407,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">—</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0AEC83A712FF8221948C5CFF74F4D4" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" type="female">11 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0AEC83A712FF8225158C84FEDBF4D4" box="[257,346,1152,1178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" type="male">9 males</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B799A8A712FF82257E8C84FE53F4D4" box="[362,466,1152,1178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B799A8A712FF82261F8C84FD01F4D4" box="[523,640,1152,1178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
), 3 nymphs, 1 nymph male (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1DBFCFA712FF8227D88C84FB99F4D4" box="[972,1048,1152,1178]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">ANSP</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1DBFCFA712FF8220308C84FBE4F4D4" box="[1060,1125,1152,1178]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6j3y-rabv" name="ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, National Collection of Fungi: Culture Collection" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">PPRI</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1DBFCFA712FF8220658C84FB46F4D4" box="[1137,1223,1152,1178]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" type="Museum">SAMC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1DBFCFA712FF8220C78C84FAA2F4D4" box="[1235,1315,1152,1178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">USEC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3270AA712FF8224D18CACFC79F55C" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978FB18A712FF8224D18CACFEC8F48F" box="[197,329,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C5C89A712FF82262A8CACFD45F48F" authorityName="Naskrecki & Bazelet & Spearman" authorityYear="2008" box="[574,708,1192,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Paracilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="periclitatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978FB18A712FF82262A8CACFD45F48F" box="[574,708,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">periclitatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[Lat.] (= endangered) refers to the potentially precarious situation of the only known population of this species, restricted to a small, remaining strip of the natural
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C5C89A712FF8224838CFCFEA4F55F" box="[151,293,1272,1297]" class="Pinopsida" family="Podocarpaceae" genus="Podocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978FB18A712FF8224838CFCFEA4F55F" box="[151,293,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Podocarpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forest, surrounded by active pine and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C5C89A712FF8226F18CFCFCE6F55F" box="[741,871,1272,1297]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978FB18A712FF8226F18CFCFCE6F55F" box="[741,871,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plantations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB3270AA712FF8224D18D24FBE0F64C" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978FB18A712FF8224D18D24FEE3F577" box="[197,354,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Bioacoustics.</emphasis>
|
||
Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C5C89A712FF8225C28D24FDF9F577" authorityName="Naskrecki & Bazelet & Spearman" authorityYear="2008" box="[470,632,1312,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Paracilacris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="periclitatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978FB18A712FF8225C28D24FDF9F577" box="[470,632,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">P. periclitatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were recorded stridulating from low, herbaceous vegetation between the hours 19:30 and 11:30. A large portion of their call was within the audible part of the spectrum, and, while rather quiet, they could be heard from a distance of about
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0AEC83A712FF8227528D74FC0BF5C4" box="[838,906,1392,1418]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CF48AEFA712FF8227528D74FC04F5C4" box="[838,901,1392,1418]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
The call consists of echeme-sequences 4–60 sec. long, each divided into echemes at the rate of 3.49–3.67 echemes/sec at 20°C, and each echeme divided into three syllables (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13373B8FA712FF8225968DC4FD8CF594" box="[386,525,1472,1498]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1544,1568]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-55@13.[151,1436,194,1520]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oscillograms of male airborne calls. Amyttacta farrelli. A. 5 s fragment of an echeme; B. 0.5 s fragment showing syllables; Paracilacris periclitatus. C. 5 s fragment of echeme-sequence; D. 0.5 s fragment showing a single echeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5230930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5230930/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="27">Figs. 4C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
.) The energy peak within the recorded spectrum (which was limited to 44 kHz at the upper margin) was around 16 kHz, making the call audible to the human ear.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |