418 lines
46 KiB
XML
418 lines
46 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="654DBBD68CF3B9BFF6F3C86254EB052D">The unseen diversity of the semi-aquatic earthworms of the genus Sparganophilus (Oligochaeta: Sparganophilidae) from the Southeastern Appalachian Piedmont</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="99D5F948ED81488A4A4513E8C35FAE2B">Carrera-Martínez, Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A99DF7DF5B16FE15D0DC4666795B782D">Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA & Current address: Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="03F4EB3C9E9F5642E63083F298937DE0">Taylor, Melanie K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="415A79EE0F13942C2E4D3D33E8D15144">Southern Research Station, US Forest Service, Athens, GA, USA & Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0379239844C1C062935F90D787873A7D">Jones, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9A839E404D18972673C8E87631D3133F">Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College & State University, Milledgeville, GA, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9CC9C4E2261C914A478E000F320577FA">Schoville, Sean D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="141D3DD176E4AEAB9DBDD5B560062D84">Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="118C8024A8AB045ACF9CB4D9B5DF5BE7">Snyder, Bruce A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="37066116FA0AA4887BA286DFFD4E2ED4">Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College & State University, Milledgeville, GA, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3C729B1E8128533700A916FB436049AD">Callaham, Mac A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3139178D2CA0877B04197522766F50A5">Southern Research Station, US Forest Service, Athens, GA, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="39132634BCD7742843A28196522C4DEE">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="189E240E7D73E8B82B82539601D682DD">2025-02-19</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B046A64CFF20B1E0E1B8B0E5" authority="Carrera-Martinez" authorityName="Carrera-Martinez" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,715,150,178]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="williamsae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFF20B1E0E293B0E6" bold="true" box="[151,480,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">Sparganophilus williamsae</emphasis>
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Carrera-Martínez
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:
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,
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<location id="8ED36031B046A64CFDF6B05FE10DB116" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A587FCB046A64BFF20B1E0E113B299:8ED36031B046A64CFDF6B05FE10DB116" box="[577,638,296,322]" country="Georgia" county="Greene Co." latitude="33.74306" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.2523" municipality="Oconee National Forest" name="From" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">From</location>
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sand bars of an unnamed first order tributary to
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,
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<location id="8ED36031B046A64CFAD4B050E2A3B132" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A587FCB046A64BFF20B1E0E113B299:8ED36031B046A64CFAD4B050E2A3B132" country="Georgia" county="Greene Co." latitude="33.74306" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.2523" municipality="Oconee National Forest" name="Scull Shoals Experimental Forest" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">Scull Shoals Experimental Forest</location>
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,
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, USA. Coll.
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<collectionCode id="ED1DAE2FB046A64CFBC7B03BE7F5B132" box="[1136,1158,332,358]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">R</collectionCode>
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.
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. Taylor, &
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, Jr.
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. (
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,
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)
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<materialsCitation id="3B643CB7B046A64CFF70B0E4E068B185" collectorName="From" country="Georgia" county="Greene Co." location="Sandy Creek" municipality="Coll" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="2" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="54B78848B046A64CFF70B0E4E230B1F9" box="[199,323,403,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: GTIC-11488;
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,
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sand bars of
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, near
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<location id="8ED36031B046A64CFB97B0E4E6EBB1FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A587FCB046A64BFF20B1E0E113B299:8ED36031B046A64CFB97B0E4E6EBB1FA" box="[1056,1432,403,430]" country="Georgia" county="Greene Co." municipality="Coll" name="Scull Shoals Experimental Forest" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">Scull Shoals Experimental Forest</location>
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,
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<location id="8ED36031B046A64CFF20B0C0E2D0B186" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A587FCB046A64BFF20B1E0E113B299:8ED36031B046A64CFF20B0C0E2D0B186" box="[151,419,439,466]" country="Georgia" county="Greene Co." municipality="Coll" name="Oconee National Forest" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">Oconee National Forest</location>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62D24E66B046A64CFE19B0C0E15CB185" box="[430,559,439,465]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">Greene Co.</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F31B767AB046A64CFD8CB0C0E1EBB185" box="[571,664,439,465]" name="Georgia" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">Georgia</collectingCountry>
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, USA.
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.
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|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1DAE2FB046A64CFC92B0CFE048B186" box="[805,827,440,466]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26F9533CB046A64CFCF2B0C0E73EB186" box="[837,1101,439,466]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">Carrera-Martínez, M.K</collectorName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26F9533CB046A64CFBE0B0C0E7D1B185" box="[1111,1186,439,465]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">Taylor</collectorName>
|
||
, &
|
||
<collectorName id="26F9533CB046A64CFB7FB0C0E60BB185" box="[1224,1400,439,465]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">M.A. Callaham</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8ED36031B046A64CFA34B0CFE6EEB186" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A587FCB046A64BFF20B1E0E113B299:8ED36031B046A64CFA34B0CFE6EEB186" box="[1411,1437,440,466]" country="Georgia" name="Jr." pageId="11" pageNumber="393">Jr.</location>
|
||
<date id="FFB2102AB046A64CFF20B0ACE3C5B1A1" box="[151,182,475,501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" value="2017-04-18">18.</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B643CB7B046A64CFF02B0ACE609B24D" collectionCode="APR" collectorName="In" country="United States of America" county="Union Co." latitude="33.76915" location="Tyger River" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.28407" municipality="Col" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="South Carolina" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1DAE2FB046A64CFF02B0ACE380B1A1" box="[181,243,475,501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">APR</collectionCode>
|
||
.2017. (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE38502DB046A64CFEF2B0ACE2A2B1A2" box="[325,465,475,502]" degrees="33.76915" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" precision="1" value="33.76915">33.76915°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE38502DB046A64CFE6BB0ACE10BB1A2" box="[476,632,475,502]" degrees="083.28407" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" precision="1" value="-83.28407">083.28407°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFD38B0ACE05DB1A1" bold="true" box="[655,814,475,501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">GTIC-11482;</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD63B046A64CFC83B0ACE0DCB1A1" box="[820,943,475,501]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" type="adult">One adults</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26F9533CB046A64CFC0EB0ABE0A3B1A2" box="[953,976,476,502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">In</collectorName>
|
||
sediments along the bank of an unnamed 2
|
||
<superScript id="7C799BA2B046A64CFF12B088E3C6B259" attach="left" box="[165,181,511,525]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">nd</superScript>
|
||
order tributary to the
|
||
<location id="8ED36031B046A64CFE14B377E15AB24D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A587FCB046A64BFF20B1E0E113B299:8ED36031B046A64CFE14B377E15AB24D" box="[419,553,511,538]" country="United States of America" county="Union Co." latitude="33.76915" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.28407" municipality="Col" name="Tyger River" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" stateProvince="South Carolina">Tyger River</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8ED36031B046A64CFD85B088E00FB24E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A587FCB046A64BFF20B1E0E113B299:8ED36031B046A64CFD85B088E00FB24E" box="[562,892,511,538]" country="United States of America" county="Union Co." latitude="33.76915" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.28407" municipality="Col" name="Calhoun Experimental Forest" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" stateProvince="South Carolina">Calhoun Experimental Forest</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8ED36031B046A64CFC32B088E0BDB24D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A587FCB046A64BFF20B1E0E113B299:8ED36031B046A64CFC32B088E0BDB24D" box="[901,974,511,537]" country="United States of America" county="Union Co." latitude="33.76915" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.28407" municipality="Col" name="Union" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" stateProvince="South Carolina">Union</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62D24E66B046A64CFC60B088E73FB24D" box="[983,1100,511,537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">Union Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C8F808B046A64CFBE1B088E673B24D" box="[1110,1280,511,537]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31B767AB046A64CFABDB088E635B24D" box="[1290,1350,511,537]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD7AC90B046A64CFAF9B088E609B24D" box="[1358,1402,511,537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">Col</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B643CB7B046A64CFA34B377E0C7B269" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Carrera-Martinez, M. K & Taylor, M. A & Callaham" country="United States of America" location="Jr." municipality="Chapman." pageId="11" pageNumber="393" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Carolina" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1DAE2FB046A64CFA34B377E6EAB24E" box="[1411,1433,512,538]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26F9533CB046A64CFF20B354E2ECB26A" box="[151,415,547,574]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">Carrera-Martínez, M.K</collectorName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26F9533CB046A64CFE1EB354E145B269" box="[425,566,547,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">Taylor, M.A</collectorName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26F9533CB046A64CFDF6B354E1DCB269" box="[577,687,547,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">Callaham</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8ED36031B046A64CFD0DB353E1A7B26A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A587FCB046A64BFF20B1E0E113B299:8ED36031B046A64CFD0DB353E1A7B26A" box="[698,724,548,574]" country="United States of America" municipality="Chapman." name="Jr." pageId="11" pageNumber="393" stateProvince="South Carolina">Jr.</location>
|
||
& G.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD7AC90B046A64CFCADB354E0FEB269" box="[794,909,547,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">Chapman.</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<date id="FFB2102AB046A64CFC24B354E0C7B269" box="[915,948,547,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" value="2017-04-27">27.</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B643CB7B046A64CFC04B354E6F2B269" box="[947,1409,547,574]" collectionCode="APR" country="United States of America" latitude="34.62249" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-81.68809" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Carolina" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1DAE2FB046A64CFC04B354E083B269" box="[947,1008,547,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">APR</collectionCode>
|
||
.2017. (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE38502DB046A64CFBF6B354E7BDB269" box="[1089,1230,547,573]" degrees="34.62249" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" precision="1" value="34.62249">34.62249°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE38502DB046A64CFB6EB354E606B26A" box="[1241,1397,547,574]" degrees="081.68809" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" precision="1" value="-81.68809">081.68809°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB046A64CFF70B330E25DB2D1" blockId="11.[151,1437,295,2014]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFF70B330E11AB235" bold="true" box="[199,617,583,609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">Additional Material: GTIC-11477;</emphasis>
|
||
Same information as GTIC-11482.
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFBBEB330E7ECB235" bold="true" box="[1033,1183,583,609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">GTIC-11487</emphasis>
|
||
; Same information as GTIC-11488.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3166561B046A64CFF70B3F8E7DAB299" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB046A64CFF70B3F8E7DAB299" blockId="11.[151,1437,295,2014]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFF70B3F8E23BB2FD" bold="true" box="[199,328,655,681]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
: This species is named after Dr. Marguerite Thomas Williams (1895–1991), first African American to earn a PhD in geology in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31B767AB046A64CFE4CB3C4E1E6B299" box="[507,661,691,717]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
, focusing her studies on erosion in river basins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3166561B046A64CFF70B3A0E6E6B3B9" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB046A64CFF70B3A0E6E6B3B9" blockId="11.[151,1437,295,2014]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFF70B3A0E249B2A5" bold="true" box="[199,314,727,753]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
: Length
|
||
<quantity id="4CF49B0FB046A64CFE13B3A0E151B2A6" box="[420,546,727,754]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" unit="mm" value="72.5" valueMax="75.0" valueMin="70.0">70–75 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Dorsal pores absent or present pre- and post-clitellum, first in 2/3. Clitellum saddle-shaped in xv–xxv, xxvi, xxvii. Tubercula pubertatis continuous in xvii–xxii, band-shaped, ventral limit in
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFF20B268E3DFB36D" box="[151,172,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">b.</emphasis>
|
||
Setae closely paired:
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFE1AB268E2BAB36D" box="[429,457,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">ab</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFE5BB268E175B36D" box="[492,518,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">cd</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFDA0B257E140B36D" box="[535,563,800,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">aa</emphasis>
|
||
<
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFDE1B268E101B36D" box="[598,626,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">dd</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFD34B268E1EEB36D" box="[643,669,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">bc</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFD77B268E1AFB36D" box="[704,732,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">dd</emphasis>
|
||
. Spermathecal pores level with
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFBE6B257E72EB36D" box="[1105,1117,800,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">c</emphasis>
|
||
, in 6/7–8/9. Prostatic pores inconspicuous in xxiii–xxvi. Secondary annulation absent. Genital tumescences surrounding
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFB1AB234E7BAB309" box="[1197,1225,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">ab</emphasis>
|
||
weakly developed in xvii–xxvi, variable; genital pad extending to setal line
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFCA6B210E06CB3D5" box="[785,799,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">b</emphasis>
|
||
in xxvii or xvii–xxviii. Intestinal origin in ix. One pair of spermathecae per segment in vii–ix, spermathecal structure well differentiated into ampulla and duct, duct tubular, longer or as long as the globular ampulla, ampulla with ellipsoidal and undulating margin. Prostate-like glands in xxiii–xxvi and auxiliary prostate-like glands absent. First nephridia in xiii, tubular bladder, wide u-shaped vesicle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3166561B046A64BFF70B280E700B0AD" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="394" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB046A64CFF70B280E25EB605" blockId="11.[151,1437,295,2014]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFF70B280E222B445" bold="true" box="[199,337,1015,1041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">Description</emphasis>
|
||
: Length of the two unamputated preserved specimens 70,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF49B0FB046A64CFC45B280E730B446" box="[1010,1091,1015,1042]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" unit="mm" value="75.0">75 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B78848B046A64CFBE4B280E7C4B445" box="[1107,1207,1015,1041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
>
|
||
<quantity id="4CF49B0FB046A64CFB6FB280E658B446" box="[1240,1323,1015,1042]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
|
||
, posterior amputee). Diameter in x 2.5–3.0 mm (mean =
|
||
<quantity id="4CF49B0FB046A64CFD76B56CE06EB462" box="[705,797,1051,1078]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B78848B046A64CFC9AB56CE0FCB461" box="[813,911,1051,1077]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="4CF49B0FB046A64CFC02B56CE760B461" box="[949,1043,1051,1077]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
), in clitellum, 3.5–4.0 mm (mean =
|
||
<quantity id="4CF49B0FB046A64CFF06B548E27FB40E" box="[177,268,1087,1114]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B78848B046A64CFEACB548E20EB40D" box="[283,381,1087,1113]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
= 3.0 mm). Number of segments, 189, 215 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B78848B046A64CFC3AB548E082B40D" box="[909,1009,1087,1113]" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
> 141). Body ovoid in cross-section anteriorly, ventrally flattened at the clitellum, quadrangular in cross-section posterior to clitellum. Anus as a dorsal slit. Preserved specimens with a pale whitish coloration, clitellum darker than body, pinkish. Cuticle with a strong purple iridescence. Prostomium zygolobic. Dorsal pores absent or present pre- and postclitellum, rudimentary. Spermathecal pores in 6/7–8/9 between
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFDDCB5B8E1F6B4BD" box="[619,645,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">cd</emphasis>
|
||
, small or inconspicuous. Female pores minute in xiv, anterior to
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFA30B5A7E6E6B4BD" box="[1415,1429,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">a</emphasis>
|
||
, conspicuous, ventral to nephridiopore. Male pores lateral to
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFC8EB584E034B559" box="[825,839,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">b</emphasis>
|
||
in xix (n = 3) or xviii (n = 1), equatorial or nearly so, within the tubercula pubertatis. Clitellum in xv–xxv, xxvi, xxvii saddle-shaped. Tubercula pubertatis continuous (1/n) xvii, xvii–xxii, ventral limit in
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFD8DB44CE13CB501" box="[570,591,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">b.</emphasis>
|
||
Prostate-like pores in xxiii–xxvi next to
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFB91B44CE748B501" box="[1062,1083,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">b.</emphasis>
|
||
Nephridiopores anterior to
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFACEB44CE6E6B501" box="[1401,1429,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">ab</emphasis>
|
||
, starting in segment xiii, very small. First setae in ii, lumbricine, closely paired. In x
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFBFEB428E784B52D" box="[1097,1271,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">aa:ab:bc:cd:dd</emphasis>
|
||
= 5.63:1.25:8. 88:1.00:10.82, in xxx = 6.13:1.00:8.63:1.00:10.69. Setae
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFC97B4F4E049B5C9" box="[800,826,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">cd</emphasis>
|
||
not visible in clitellum. Secondary annulation absent. Genital tumescences surrounding
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFDAFB4D0E155B595" box="[536,550,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">b</emphasis>
|
||
or
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFDF9B4D0E119B595" box="[590,618,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">ab</emphasis>
|
||
in some or all of xvii–xxvi. Genital markings present in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD63B046A64CFB42B4DFE6EEB595" box="[1269,1437,1447,1474]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from Calhoun Experimental Forest site, in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD63B046A64CFDC7B4BBE07AB5B1" box="[624,777,1483,1510]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="393" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
paired surrounding
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFC50B4BCE770B5B1" box="[999,1027,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">ab</emphasis>
|
||
in x; in the other specimen, unpaired surrounding left
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFEEFB498E207B65D" box="[344,372,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">ab</emphasis>
|
||
in x, and right
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFD9AB498E13AB65D" box="[557,585,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">ab</emphasis>
|
||
in ix. Genital pads present in xxvii or xxvii–xxviii, extending to
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFAF3B498E62AB65D" box="[1348,1369,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">b.</emphasis>
|
||
Post-setal dark spots visible, minute at the mid-lateral line, in a regular line in i–xiv. Dorsal pit in the equator of the peristomium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB046A64BFF70B72CE700B0AD" blockId="11.[151,1437,295,2014]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,717]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="394" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">
|
||
Septa 7/8–8/9 only slightly thickened. Pharynx ends in iv, joining a small esophagus. Intestine originates abruptly in ix. Intestinal caeca, typhlosole, calciferous glands, and gizzard absent. Paired spermathecae in vii–ix, without diverticulum. Spermathecal structure well differentiated into ampulla and duct, all similar size. Duct about as long as or longer than the ampulla, tubular. Ampulla globular, with lateral annulations, ellipsoidal or elongated, and with a digitiform tip. Duct connects to the intersegmental furrow level with setal line
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFB37B79CE7E9B751" box="[1152,1178,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">cb</emphasis>
|
||
. Spermathecae located between a weak muscular fiber originating anteriorly in the intersegmental section of the esophagus and connecting posteriorly to the intersegmental-septum joint. Ovaries in xiii, free, string-like. Oviduct connects in segment xiv, anterior to
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B046A64CFEA3B62FE25AB725" box="[276,297,1880,1905]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="393">a.</emphasis>
|
||
Testes free in x and xi. Epididymis in x and xi, iridescent. Seminal vesicles, free in xi, and xii, large and restricted to their segment. Vas deferens within muscular body wall. Tubular, prostate-like glands in xxiii–xxvi. Auxiliary prostate-like glands absent. One pair of holonephridia per segment, starting at xiii. Holonephridia of xiv attached to 13/14 septa. Those in xiii–xxiii smaller than the rest, xiv the smallest. Holonephridia tubular, bladder composed of highly coiled tubules dorsally, ventrally with a narrow u-shaped vesicle. A vessel stoma is attached at the ectal part of the vesicle. Paired moniliform hearts in vii–xi, size increasing posteriorly. Dorsal and ventral vessel complete, and simple. Paired lateral vessel present, joining dorsal vessel in xiv, filiform.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3166561B041A64BFF70B074E113B299" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB041A64BFF70B074E64BB1A1" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFF70B074E247B149" bold="true" box="[199,308,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B041A64BFEF5B074E101B149" authorityName="Carrera-Martínez & Taylor & Jones & Schoville & Snyder & Callaham" authorityYear="2025" box="[322,626,259,285]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="williamsae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFEF5B074E101B149" box="[322,626,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">Sparganophilus williamsae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFDCFB074E1A2B149" bold="true" box="[632,721,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B5783B041A64BFDCFB074E1A2B149" box="[632,721,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B041A64BFCF9B074E0B3B149" authorityName="Carrera-Martínez & Taylor & Jones & Schoville & Snyder & Callaham" authorityYear="2025" box="[846,960,259,285]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="jenkinsi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFCF9B074E0B3B149" box="[846,960,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">S. jenkinsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFC70B074E753B149" bold="true" box="[967,1056,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B5783B041A64BFC70B074E753B149" box="[967,1056,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in having the clitellum in xv–xxv, xxvi, xxvii and xv–xxvii (respectively), and prostate-like glands in xxiii–xxv, xxvi.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B041A64BFBDFB050E6EFB115" authorityName="Carrera-Martínez & Taylor & Jones & Schoville & Snyder & Callaham" authorityYear="2025" box="[1128,1436,295,321]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="williamsae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFBDFB050E6EFB115" box="[1128,1436,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">Sparganophilus williamsae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B041A64BFE94B03CE2E6B131" authorityName="Carrera-Martínez & Taylor & Jones & Schoville & Snyder & Callaham" authorityYear="2025" box="[291,405,331,357]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="jenkinsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFE94B03CE2E6B131" box="[291,405,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">S. jenkinsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on having the tubercula pubertatis ventral limit level with
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFB97B03CE75DB131" box="[1056,1070,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">b</emphasis>
|
||
, the tubercula pubertatis in xvii– xxii [vs. (1/n)xvii, xviii–xxii], and having dorsal pores. Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B041A64BFC80B018E0DBB1DD" authorityName="Carrera-Martínez & Taylor & Jones & Schoville & Snyder & Callaham" authorityYear="2025" box="[823,936,367,393]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="jenkinsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFC80B018E0DBB1DD" box="[823,936,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">S. jenkinsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B041A64BFC02B018E73AB1DD" authorityName="Carrera-Martínez & Taylor & Jones & Schoville & Snyder & Callaham" authorityYear="2025" box="[949,1097,367,393]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="williamsae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFC02B018E73AB1DD" box="[949,1097,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">S. williamsae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B041A64BFB4FB018E614B1DC" authorityName="Benham" authorityYear="1892" box="[1272,1383,367,393]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tamesis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFB4FB018E614B1DC" box="[1272,1383,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">S. tamesis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B041A64BFF20B0E4E270B1F9" authorityName="Reynolds" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,259,403,429]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="wilmae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFF20B0E4E270B1F9" box="[151,259,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">S. wilmae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B041A64BFE8EB0E4E2BFB1F9" authorityName="Carrera-Martínez & Taylor & Jones & Schoville & Snyder & Callaham" authorityYear="2025" box="[313,460,403,429]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="williamsae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFE8EB0E4E2BFB1F9" box="[313,460,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">S. williamsae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from these on the number and location of their genital tumescences, occasionally having dorsal pores, and size.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B041A64BFE47B0C0E051B185" authorityName="Carrera-Martínez & Taylor & Jones & Schoville & Snyder & Callaham" authorityYear="2025" box="[496,802,439,465]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="williamsae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFE47B0C0E051B185" box="[496,802,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">Sparganophilus williamsae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
further differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B041A64BFBB8B0C0E70EB185" authorityName="Reynolds" authorityYear="1980" box="[1039,1149,439,465]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="wilmae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFBB8B0C0E70EB185" box="[1039,1149,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">S. wilmae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on having their prostate-like glands (xxiv–xxviii in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B041A64BFE71B0ACE140B1A1" authorityName="Reynolds" authorityYear="1980" box="[454,563,475,501]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="wilmae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFE71B0ACE140B1A1" box="[454,563,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">S. wilmae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the location of its tubercula pubertatis (xix–xxiii in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B041A64BFB0CB0ACE65BB1A1" authorityName="Reynolds" authorityYear="1980" box="[1211,1320,475,501]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="wilmae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFB0CB0ACE65BB1A1" box="[1211,1320,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">S. wilmae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB041A64BFF70B088E113B299" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">
|
||
Even though one of the specimens collected at the Calhoun Experimental Forest site (GTIC-11477) and another from Scull Shoals Experimental Forest site (GTIC-11487) are strongly divergent from those used as our
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B78848B041A64BFABCB354E648B269" box="[1291,1339,547,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material (see tree in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13372A6FB041A64BFE93B330E2F5B235" box="[292,390,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1242,1266]" captionTargetBox="[172,1426,189,1213]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic inference of the concatenated COI, 16S, and 28S genes, and species delimitation analyses results. Node support is provided by the Transfer Bootstrap Expectation (TBE), nodes without TBE support have TBA <0.80. Specimen names with an asterisk (*) represent the holotype of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14897288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14897288/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), we decided to keep both specimens within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B041A64BFC2DB330E740B235" authorityName="Carrera-Martínez & Taylor & Jones & Schoville & Snyder & Callaham" authorityYear="2025" box="[922,1075,583,609]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="williamsae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFC2DB330E740B235" box="[922,1075,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">S. williamsae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
since no strong morphological difference could be detected, except for a slightly wider genital pad, and paired genital markings in x on
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD63B041A64BFAC3B31CE272B2FD" count="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(GTIC-11477), and unpaired surrounding
|
||
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFD5FB3F8E077B2FD" box="[744,772,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">ab</emphasis>
|
||
in ix and x in the other (GTIC-11482). Future collections should be made to confirm their identity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |