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<document id="8CAA0B9CFC066421151811AB96C9B3E3" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5589.1.29" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14897284" ID-ZooBank="21280D58-4096-4821-AEF1-ED15E2F4750F" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1740006283898" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Carrera-Martínez, Roberto, Taylor, Melanie K., Jones, Daniel, Schoville, Sean D., Snyder, Bruce A. &amp; Callaham, Mac A." docDate="2025" docId="03A587FCB041A649FF20B269E28DB1F9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5589.1.29.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5589 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5589.1.29" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sparganophilus muskogee Carrera-Martinez 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="395" masterDocId="FF9CFF84B04DA647FFB7B177E373B054" masterDocTitle="The unseen diversity of the semi-aquatic earthworms of the genus Sparganophilus (Oligochaeta: Sparganophilidae) from the Southeastern Appalachian Piedmont" masterLastPageNumber="409" masterPageNumber="382" pageNumber="394" updateTime="1740008047496" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="DD43224550663F786C8B59CBD87728B8">The unseen diversity of the semi-aquatic earthworms of the genus Sparganophilus (Oligochaeta: Sparganophilidae) from the Southeastern Appalachian Piedmont</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8BD9306CFFC92676930C218795F98B60">Carrera-Martínez, Roberto</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A4C33BD926D4B3AFFAE3BE9D431BE442">Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA &amp; Current address: Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2739EC1B44CAE27584C29B79ABBBE667">Taylor, Melanie K.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="040E9EC66D923975ABB31348A5F1EDDD">Southern Research Station, US Forest Service, Athens, GA, USA &amp; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2A852ED72B1E1492AAD74729F1466B6E">Jones, Daniel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A7EF6A2B1B0933A78449BD6A33C7D631">Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College &amp; State University, Milledgeville, GA, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5D8B2A367561D4A963845E446704965A">Schoville, Sean D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="647079B5DFCED107222F4AF47F8ACB31">Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C25C049786D81A56E3CCDD6146D49A13">Snyder, Bruce A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="50C4FB46B6AA02104CD83E7BAC2760DB">Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College &amp; State University, Milledgeville, GA, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A89AA28C02D1B80A7207B1503A5AC0D6">Callaham, Mac A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A84A5474EB70609E6B14DC65BD6E95B5">Southern Research Station, US Forest Service, Athens, GA, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="643AE2702B7A276FE119E408DD945845">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4AF79EDFB9AAA3F7AC68D2512E250775">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C2A020CA72E95B8CE6B9BA61B907A7A8">2025-02-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F916503210E603743EA69E89C0777EAC">5589</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="9025247DBB09F8966E6F988FC5C1F038">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5589.1.29</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="2336186A57442CC22514DB1B2968D629" type="Zenodo-Dep">14897284</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A587FCB041A649FF20B269E28DB1F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14897320" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14897320" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A587FCB041A649FF20B269E28DB1F9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A587FCB041A649FF20B269E28DB1F9" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="395" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">
<subSubSection id="C3166561B041A64BFF20B269E0B6B309" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB041A64BFF20B269E054B36D" blockId="12.[151,965,798,897]" box="[151,807,798,825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">
<heading id="D0FB8186B041A64BFF20B269E054B36D" bold="true" box="[151,807,798,825]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFF20B269E054B36D" bold="true" box="[151,807,798,825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B041A64BFF20B269E1B0B36D" authority="Carrera-Martinez" authorityName="Carrera-Martinez" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,707,798,825]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="muskogee" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFF20B269E2ABB36D" bold="true" box="[151,472,798,825]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">Sparganophilus muskogee</emphasis>
Carrera-Martínez
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B5783B041A64BFD7DB268E054B36D" box="[714,807,799,825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB041A64BFF20B235E0B6B309" blockId="12.[151,965,798,897]" box="[151,965,834,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">
<uri id="FF9D3AE8B041A64BFF20B235E0B6B309" box="[151,965,834,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</uri>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3166561B041A64BFF20B210E246B3D5" box="[151,309,871,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB041A64BFF20B210E246B3D5" blockId="12.[151,965,798,897]" box="[151,309,871,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">Figures 6A–C</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3166561B041A64BFF20B2DFE256B406" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB041A64BFF20B2DFE74BB45E" blockId="12.[151,1437,936,2043]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">
<materialsCitation id="3B643CB7B041A64BFF20B2DFE74BB45E" collectingDate="2017-05-02" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Carrera-Martinez, M. K." country="Georgia" county="Jones Co." latitude="33.03521" location="Falling Creek" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.71082" municipality="Hitchiti Experimental Forest" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFF20B2DFE277B396" bold="true" box="[151,260,936,962]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">
<typeStatus id="54B78848B041A64BFF20B2DFE277B396" box="[151,260,936,962]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFEADB2DFE2CBB396" bold="true" box="[282,440,936,962]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">GTIC-11491;</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD63B041A64BFE71B2DFE14EB396" box="[454,573,936,962]" count="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" type="adult">One adult</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8ED36031B041A64BFDF8B2DFE181B396" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A587FCB041A649FF20B269E28DB1F9:8ED36031B041A64BFDF8B2DFE181B396" box="[591,754,936,962]" country="Georgia" county="Jones Co." latitude="33.03521" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.71082" municipality="Hitchiti Experimental Forest" name="Falling Creek" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">Falling Creek</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD7AC90B041A64BFCB3B2DFE726B397" box="[772,1109,936,963]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">Hitchiti Experimental Forest</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="62D24E66B041A64BFBD1B2DEE7AFB396" box="[1126,1244,936,963]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">Jones Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31B767AB041A64BFB58B2DFE63FB396" box="[1263,1356,936,962]" name="Georgia" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">Georgia</collectingCountry>
, USA. Collected from silty sediments on the creek bank, rich in organic matter, under a slope with some perennial herbs. Col.
<collectionCode id="ED1DAE2FB041A64BFF79B286E397B45F" box="[206,228,1009,1035]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26F9533CB041A64BFF59B287E289B45F" box="[238,506,1008,1035]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">Carrera-Martínez, M.K.</collectorName>
Taylor.
<date id="FFB2102AB041A64BFDE2B287E19BB45E" box="[597,744,1008,1034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" value="2017-05-02">
<collectingDate id="EFF6E9C2B041A64BFDE2B287E19BB45E" box="[597,744,1008,1034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" value="2017-05-02">2.MAY.2017</collectingDate>
</date>
. (
<geoCoordinate id="EE38502DB041A64BFD4DB287E0F4B45F" box="[762,903,1008,1035]" degrees="33.03521" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" precision="1" value="33.03521">33.03521°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE38502DB041A64BFC25B287E75DB45F" box="[914,1070,1008,1035]" degrees="083.71082" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" precision="1" value="-83.71082">083.71082°W</geoCoordinate>
)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB041A64BFF70B563E256B406" blockId="12.[151,1437,936,2043]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFF70B563E24CB47A" bold="true" box="[199,319,1044,1070]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">
<typeStatus id="54B78848B041A64BFF70B563E24CB47A" box="[199,319,1044,1070]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFEFBB563E732B47A" bold="true" box="[332,1089,1044,1070]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">GTIC-11492, 11494 to 11497, 11500 to 11502, 11505, 11651, 11652</emphasis>
;
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD63B041A64BFBF9B563E7A3B47A" box="[1102,1232,1044,1070]" count="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" type="adult">Nine adults</specimenCount>
, same information as
<typeStatus id="54B78848B041A64BFF01B54FE251B406" box="[182,290,1080,1106]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3166561B041A64BFF70B52BE7CFB4CE" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB041A64BFF70B52BE7CFB4CE" blockId="12.[151,1437,936,2043]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFF70B52BE23BB422" bold="true" box="[199,328,1116,1142]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">Etymology</emphasis>
: This species is named after the Mvskoke indigenous nation which inhabited the area where the
<typeStatus id="54B78848B041A64BFADBB52AE6EFB423" box="[1388,1436,1117,1143]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">type</typeStatus>
material was collected before their forced, and violent removal. Named by phonetical spelling.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3166561B041A64BFF70B5D3E22AB656" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB041A64BFF70B5D3E22AB656" blockId="12.[151,1437,936,2043]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFF70B5D3E249B4EA" bold="true" box="[199,314,1188,1214]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: Length
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. Dorsal pores absent, or if present postclitellar, rudimentary. Clitellum saddle-shaped in xv–xxvi, xxvii. Tubercula pubertatis continuous in xvii–xxii, band-shaped, ventral limit in
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFB47B5BFE676B4B6" box="[1264,1285,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">b.</emphasis>
Setae closely paired:
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFF5CB59BE274B552" box="[235,263,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">ab</emphasis>
≈
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFE95B59BE24FB552" box="[290,316,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">cd</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFEFEB59AE216B552" box="[329,357,1261,1286]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">aa</emphasis>
&lt;
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFE37B59BE2E9B552" box="[384,410,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">bc</emphasis>
&lt;
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFE01B59BE2A1B552" box="[438,466,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">dd</emphasis>
. Spermathecal pores between
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFC94B59BE04EB552" box="[803,829,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">cd</emphasis>
, in 6/7–8/9, rarely only in 7/8, small. Prostatic pores in xxiii–xxv, rarely in xxvi. Secondary annulation absent or light secondary annulation in ii–xxvii. Genital tumescences surrounding
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFE93B443E233B51A" box="[292,320,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">ab</emphasis>
moderately to well developed in xv–xxvi, variable. Genital markings variable, surrounding
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFA80B443E620B51A" box="[1335,1363,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">ab</emphasis>
in any of x–xiv, between
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFED2B42FE2F2B526" box="[357,385,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">ab</emphasis>
in 26/27, between
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFDE2B42FE11CB526" box="[597,623,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">cd</emphasis>
in 8/9. Band-shaped genital pad in xxvii. Intestinal origin in ix. One pair of spermathecae per segment in vii–ix, rarely only in viii. Spermathecal structure moderately to well differentiated into ampulla and duct, smooth, duct tubular, three to four times as long as the globular ampulla. Prostate-like glands in xxiii–xxv, rarely in xxvi, and auxiliary prostate-like glands absent. First nephridia in xiii, tubular bladder, wide u-shaped vesicle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3166561B041A64AFF70B77BE1FCB7C6" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="395" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB041A64AFF70B77BE2B0B149" blockId="12.[151,1437,936,2043]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="395" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFF70B77BE222B672" bold="true" box="[199,337,1548,1574]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">Description</emphasis>
: Length of unamputated preserved specimens
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(mean =
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,
<typeStatus id="54B78848B041A64BFB74B77BE656B672" box="[1219,1317,1548,1574]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
&gt;
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, posterior amputee). Diameter in x 2.0–
<quantity id="4CF49B0FB041A64BFDE0B747E1DCB61F" box="[599,687,1584,1611]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
(mean =
<quantity id="4CF49B0FB041A64BFC97B747E008B61F" box="[800,891,1584,1611]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
,
<typeStatus id="54B78848B041A64BFC3EB747E098B61E" box="[905,1003,1584,1610]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
=
<quantity id="4CF49B0FB041A64BFBBAB747E719B61E" box="[1037,1130,1584,1611]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
); in clitellum,
<quantity id="4CF49B0FB041A64BFAA4B747E6EEB61F" box="[1299,1437,1584,1611]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.5 mm</quantity>
(mean =
<quantity id="4CF49B0FB041A64BFF4AB723E224B63B" box="[253,343,1620,1647]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
,
<typeStatus id="54B78848B041A64BFED3B723E2B5B63A" box="[356,454,1620,1646]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
= 3.0 mm). Number of segments of unamputated specimens, 165–225 (mean = 187.7,
<typeStatus id="54B78848B041A64BFF20B70FE38AB6C6" box="[151,249,1656,1682]" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
&gt; 81). Body ovoid in cross-section anteriorly, ventrally flattened at the clitellum, quadrangular in cross-section posterior to the clitellum. Anus as a dorsal slit. Preserved specimens with a pale-yellow coloration, clitellum darker than body or pinkish. Cuticle with a strong blue-green-purple iridescence. Prostomium zygolobic. Dorsal pores absent (n = 5) or if present (n = 5), posterior to the clitellum, rudimentary and discontinuous. Spermathecal pores in intersegmental furrows 6/7–8/9, rarely only in 7/8 (
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD63B041A64BFCF3B67FE0B5B776" box="[836,966,1800,1826]" count="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="394" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
), between
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFBF7B67FE729B776" box="[1088,1114,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">cd</emphasis>
, small. Female pores in xiv, anterior to
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFEA3B65AE251B712" box="[276,290,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">a</emphasis>
, minute but visible. Male pores lateral to
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFD49B65BE07FB712" box="[766,780,1836,1862]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">b</emphasis>
post-setal in xix, within tubercula pubertatis. Clitellum in xv–xxvi, xxvii saddle-shaped, ventral limit in
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFD11B627E1C7B73E" box="[678,692,1872,1898]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">b</emphasis>
, sometimes with a gradually fading margin. Tubercula pubertatis continuous xvii–xxii, band-shaped, ventral limit in
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFD5EB603E18DB7DA" box="[745,766,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">b.</emphasis>
Prostate-like pores in xxiii–xxv, xxvi next to
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFAADB603E65BB7DA" box="[1306,1320,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">b</emphasis>
, on small porophores. Nephridiopores in
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFE44B6EFE17CB7E6" box="[499,527,1944,1970]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">ab</emphasis>
, closer to
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFD36B6EEE1FCB7E6" box="[641,655,1945,1970]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">a</emphasis>
, starting in segment xiii, very small. First setae in ii, each segment has eight setae closely paired. In x
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFE45B6CBE1D3B782" box="[498,672,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">aa:ab:bc:cd:dd</emphasis>
= 4.62:1.00:6.24:1.05:10.07, in xxx = 5.23:1.00:6.87:1.03:10.69;
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFA35B6CBE6EFB782" box="[1410,1436,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">cd</emphasis>
not visible in clitellum. Secondary annulation absent. Genital tumescences surrounding
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B041A64BFBD7B697E70FB7AE" box="[1120,1148,2016,2042]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="394">ab</emphasis>
in some or all of xv–xxvi, moderately to strongly developed. Genital pad band-shaped in xxvii, extending between to setal line
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B040A64AFA9CB1E0E64AB0E5" box="[1323,1337,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">b</emphasis>
. Genital markings surrounding
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B040A64AFE2DB1CCE2C5B081" box="[410,438,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">ab</emphasis>
in x present in
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD63B040A64AFDC7B1CCE05AB081" box="[624,809,187,213]" count="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="395" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
, unpaired on left side of xii, xiv, and xv and paired in 26/
<quantity id="4CF49B0FB040A64AFF0BB1A8E387B0AD" box="[188,244,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.858" pageId="13" pageNumber="395" unit="in" value="27.0">27 in</quantity>
a single specimen. Post-setal dark spots visible just ventral to
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B040A64AFC19B1A8E0C9B0AC" box="[942,954,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">c</emphasis>
, in a regular line in i–xiv. Dorsal pit on the peristomium not observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB040A64AFDBAB02AE7F4B194" blockId="13.[151,1437,323,1325]" box="[525,1159,349,448]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">BE</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB040A64AFF19B3C5E038B283" blockId="13.[151,1437,323,1325]" box="[174,843,690,727]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">N N</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB040A64AFE4BB381E151B364" blockId="13.[151,1437,323,1325]" box="[508,546,758,816]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">C</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB040A64AFC87B25BE03DB311" blockId="13.[151,1437,323,1325]" box="[816,846,812,837]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">GT</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB040A64AFBCEB387E7E9B37A" blockId="13.[151,1437,323,1325]" box="[1145,1178,752,814]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">F</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB040A64AFAEBB258E3CFB32A" blockId="13.[151,1437,323,1325]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">d GT</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB040A64AFE07B221E609B332" blockId="13.[151,1437,323,1325]" box="[432,1402,839,879]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">xx c xx c</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB040A64AFC83B2C4E021B398" blockId="13.[151,1437,323,1325]" box="[820,850,947,972]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">GT</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB040A64AFF18B2B2E722B3B0" blockId="13.[151,1437,323,1325]" box="[175,1105,962,996]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">P xxv xxv</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB040A64AFF14B285E3B0B45F" blockId="13.[151,1437,323,1325]" box="[163,195,1010,1035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">GP</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB040A64AFB92B554E63BB47E" blockId="13.[151,1437,323,1325]" box="[1061,1352,1035,1084]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">xxx a</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB040A64AFE91B50DE082B4D3" blockId="13.[151,1437,323,1325]" box="[294,1009,1134,1170]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">
<quantity id="4CF49B0FB040A64AFE91B50DE082B4D3" box="[294,1009,1134,1170]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="395" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm 2 mm</quantity>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB040A64AFF2FB5DEE26CB579" blockId="13.[151,1437,323,1325]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B040A64AFF2FB5DEE264B495" bold="true" box="[152,279,1193,1217]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B040A64AFEAAB5DDE155B496" authorityName="Carrera-Martínez &amp; Taylor &amp; Jones &amp; Schoville &amp; Snyder &amp; Callaham" authorityYear="2025" box="[285,550,1194,1218]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="13" pageNumber="395" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="muskogee" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B040A64AFEAAB5DDE155B496" box="[285,550,1194,1218]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">Sparganophilus muskogee</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B040A64AFD9BB5DDE108B496" bold="true" box="[556,635,1194,1218]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B5783B040A64AFD9BB5DDE108B496" box="[556,635,1194,1218]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(A) external ventral view, (B) spermathecae, (C) setal formula.
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B040A64AFB4AB5DDE393B4B1" authorityName="Carrera-Martínez &amp; Taylor &amp; Jones &amp; Schoville &amp; Snyder &amp; Callaham" authorityYear="2025" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="13" pageNumber="395" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="carveri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B040A64AFB4AB5DDE393B4B1" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">Sparganophilus carveri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B040A64AFF50B5B9E24BB4B2" bold="true" box="[231,312,1230,1254]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B5783B040A64AFF50B5B9E24BB4B2" box="[231,312,1230,1254]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(D) external ventral view, (E) spermathecae, (F) setal formula. Abbreviations and symbols points to segments with,
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD63B040A64AFF64B585E39BB55D" box="[211,232,1266,1289]" count="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="395" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
: female pores, P: prostatic pores,
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD63B040A64AFDF9B585E117B55D" box="[590,612,1266,1289]" count="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="395" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
: male pores, N: segment with first nephridiopore, GP: genital pad, GT: genital tumescences.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB040A64AFF70B4F7E1FCB7C6" blockId="13.[151,1437,1408,2010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">
Septa 6/7–8/9 thickened. Pharynx ends in iv, joining a small esophagus. Intestine originates abruptly in ix. Intestinal caeca, typhlosole, calciferous glands, and gizzard absent. One pair spermathecae per segment in vii– ix, or rarely a single pair in viii (
<specimenCount id="9D0AFD63B040A64AFDAAB4BFE1D2B5B6" box="[541,673,1480,1506]" count="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="395" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
), without diverticulum. Spermathecal structure moderately to well differentiated into ampulla and duct, all similar size. Duct three to four times as long as the ampulla, conical. Ampulla globular, smooth, spherical to ovate. Duct connects to the intersegmental furrows level with the setal line
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B040A64AFF20B743E3C2B61A" box="[151,177,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">cb</emphasis>
. Spermathecae located between a weak muscular fiber originating anteriorly in the intersegmental section of the esophagus and connecting posteriorly to the intersegmental-septum joint. Ovaries in xiii, free, string-like. Oviduct connects in segment xiv, anterior to
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B040A64AFD99B70AE130B6C2" box="[558,579,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">a.</emphasis>
Testes free in x and xi. Epididymis in x and xi, iridescent. Seminal vesicles, free in xi, and xii, large, restricted to their segment or those in xii extending into xiii. Vas deferens within muscular body wall. Tubular, prostate-like glands in xxiii–xxv, large, long, highly coiled, rarely present in xxvi as well (n = 3). Auxiliary prostate-like glands absent. One pair of holonephridia per segment, starting at xiii. Holonephridia of xiv attached to 13/14 septa, all similar size. Holonephridia tubular, bladder composed of highly coiled tubules dorsally, ventrally with a narrow u-shaped vesicle. A vessel stoma is attached at the basal part of the vesicle. Paired moniliform hearts in vii–xi, all similar size. Dorsal and ventral vessel complete, and simple. Paired lateral vessel present, joining dorsal vessel in xiv, filiform.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3166561B040A649FF70B6EBE28DB1F9" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="13" pageNumber="395" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB336EAB040A649FF70B6EBE28DB1F9" blockId="13.[151,1437,1408,2010]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B040A64AFF70B6EBE247B7E2" bold="true" box="[199,308,1948,1974]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">Remarks</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B040A64AFEF0B6EBE103B7E2" authorityName="Carrera-Martínez &amp; Taylor &amp; Jones &amp; Schoville &amp; Snyder &amp; Callaham" authorityYear="2025" box="[327,624,1948,1974]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="13" pageNumber="395" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="muskogee" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B040A64AFEF0B6EBE103B7E2" box="[327,624,1948,1974]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">Sparganophilus muskogee</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B040A64AFDCCB6EBE1AAB7E2" bold="true" box="[635,729,1948,1974]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B5783B040A64AFDCCB6EBE1AAB7E2" box="[635,729,1948,1974]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B040A64AFCE8B6EBE09AB7E2" authorityName="Carrera-Martínez &amp; Taylor &amp; Jones &amp; Schoville &amp; Snyder &amp; Callaham" authorityYear="2025" box="[863,1001,1948,1974]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="13" pageNumber="395" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oconeeae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B040A64AFCE8B6EBE09AB7E2" box="[863,1001,1948,1974]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">S. oconeeae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B040A64AFC44B6EBE722B7E2" bold="true" box="[1011,1105,1948,1974]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B5783B040A64AFC44B6EBE722B7E2" box="[1011,1105,1948,1974]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B040A64AFBD4B6EBE7AAB7E2" authorityName="Carrera-Martínez &amp; Taylor &amp; Jones &amp; Schoville &amp; Snyder &amp; Callaham" authorityYear="2025" box="[1123,1241,1948,1974]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="13" pageNumber="395" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="jenkinsi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B040A64AFBD4B6EBE7AAB7E2" box="[1123,1241,1948,1974]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">S. jenkinsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B040A64AFB53B6EBE631B7E2" bold="true" box="[1252,1346,1948,1974]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B5783B040A64AFB53B6EBE631B7E2" box="[1252,1346,1948,1974]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B040A64AFA30B6EBE263B78E" authorityName="Carrera-Martínez &amp; Taylor &amp; Jones &amp; Schoville &amp; Snyder &amp; Callaham" authorityYear="2025" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="13" pageNumber="395" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="williamsae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B040A64AFA30B6EBE263B78E" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">S. williamsae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B040A64AFEAEB6B7E200B78E" bold="true" box="[281,371,1984,2010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B5783B040A64AFEAEB6B7E200B78E" box="[281,371,1984,2010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="395" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in the location and extension of the clitellum and tubercula pubertatis. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B040A64AFAA6B6B7E6EFB78E" authorityName="Carrera-Martínez &amp; Taylor &amp; Jones &amp; Schoville &amp; Snyder &amp; Callaham" authorityYear="2025" box="[1297,1436,1984,2010]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="13" pageNumber="395" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="muskogee">
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B040A64AFAA6B6B7E6EFB78E" box="[1297,1436,1984,2010]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="395">S. muskogee</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has secondary annulation, lacks dorsal pores, the spermathecal duct is 3–4 times as long as the ampulla, and has the prostate-like glands in xxiii–xxv.
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B043A649FDBCB1CCE043B081" authorityName="Carrera-Martínez &amp; Taylor &amp; Jones &amp; Schoville &amp; Snyder &amp; Callaham" authorityYear="2025" box="[523,816,187,213]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="396" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="muskogee">
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B043A649FDBCB1CCE043B081" box="[523,816,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="396">Sparganophilus muskogee</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
further resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B043A649FC48B1CCE718B081" authorityName="Reynolds" authorityYear="1980" box="[1023,1131,187,213]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="396" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="wilmae">
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B043A649FC48B1CCE718B081" box="[1023,1131,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="396">S. wilmae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and S.
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B043A649FB74B1CCE3A1B0AD" authority="Reynolds, 1980" authorityName="Reynolds" authorityYear="1980" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="396" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kristinae">
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B043A649FB74B1CCE656B081" box="[1219,1317,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="396">kristinae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D4B1BB043A649FA9CB1CCE3A1B0AD" author="Reynolds, J. W." pageId="14" pageNumber="396" pagination="189 - 204" refId="ref20679" refString="Reynolds, J. W. (1980) The earthworm family Sparganophilidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta) in North America. Megadrilogica, 3 (12), 189-204." type="journal article" year="1980">Reynolds, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B043A649FF6AB1A8E171B0AD" authorityName="Carrera-Martínez &amp; Taylor &amp; Jones &amp; Schoville &amp; Snyder &amp; Callaham" authorityYear="2025" box="[221,514,223,249]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="396" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="muskogee">
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B043A649FF6AB1A8E171B0AD" box="[221,514,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="396">Sparganophilus muskogee</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B043A649FD21B1A8E070B0AD" authorityName="Reynolds" authorityYear="1980" box="[662,771,223,249]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="396" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="wilmae">
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B043A649FD21B1A8E070B0AD" box="[662,771,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="396">S. wilmae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on its size (60–80 and
<quantity id="4CF49B0FB043A649FBB1B1A9E7EEB0AD" box="[1030,1181,222,249]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.275" metricValueMax="1.35" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="396" unit="mm" value="127.5" valueMax="135.0" valueMin="120.0">120–135 mm</quantity>
, respectively), number and location of their prostate-like glands (xxiii–xxv and xxiv–xxvii), and extension of their tubercula pubertatis (xvii–xxii and xix–xxiii). The new species differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C0C4D69B043A649FD4FB050E006B115" authorityName="Reynolds" authorityYear="1980" box="[760,885,295,321]" class="Clitellata" family="Sparganophilidae" genus="Sparganophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="396" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kristinae">
<emphasis id="B978EAF8B043A649FD4FB050E006B115" box="[760,885,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="396">S. kristinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the extend and location of genital tumescences (xxiii–xxvi and xv–xxvi, respectively), presence of pre-clitellum genital markings on the new species, position of dorsal pores when present (post-clitellum vs. pre-clitellum), intestinal origin (ix and viii), and extent of the clitellum (xv–xxvi, xxvii and xiv–xxviii).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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