306 lines
38 KiB
XML
306 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="C166BD7FFEF6E130FC9CD9676DDD49D1" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.177648" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2428c2d4-234a-4b5b-901e-ea2ee9d7d4c2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="177648" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459870401530" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Delogu, Valentina & Curini-Galletti, Marco" docDate="2007" docId="039FC1291E06FFE0FF6168248916F858" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01529p031.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1529" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Parotoplana spathifera Delogu & Curini-Galletti, 2007, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFA6B9511E05FFE5FFF66F398C59FFAD" masterDocTitle="New species of the genus Parotoplana Meixner, 1938 (Proseriata, Otoplanidae) from southern Apulia (Italy)" masterLastPageNumber="31" masterPageNumber="17" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1698226508539" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E4029CE0CCA98662A025DDF7AD0CA749">
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<mods:title id="38C02CBADEA747B082CBD2CEB6C0AD43">New species of the genus Parotoplana Meixner, 1938 (Proseriata, Otoplanidae) from southern Apulia (Italy)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2BE708BCE2960C255198D8350F1EB6AB" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3A6DB6A2A16CFC4E93EB3D76A6C32786">Delogu, Valentina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F866A3B53788863DAE65D6531A6CDBBD">Curini-Galletti, Marco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8D4D6093B484AEC8604B9EC887AE5BC3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D7E65BCAEB751BDA12544F506A6AED88">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4D4502D74251F2FEA0AD4DA0925E58FE">
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<mods:date id="86C82EB389061EA451B2B996969B176F">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="4DAC120CB21A2760B4DC65565D5161D7" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="16F4F94695CD55F20D0F86EC42DF1930">1529</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="FA010FB15575559E2664E5EF742315B0">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8CF97210FA17CCFAD18A8E8C098443DD" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.177648</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B9F736EE39F1462D479A05D2C9293C90" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CE842347A4C6832D72D67E18F0941FB0" type="Zenodo-Dep">177648</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039FC1291E06FFE0FF6168248916F858" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6242262" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119369320" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6242262" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039FC1291E06FFE0FF6168248916F858" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039FC1291E06FFE0FF6168248916F858" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection id="C32C23B41E06FFE6FF6168248D8CF8F7" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B89703F1E06FFE6FF6168248DAEF89A" blockId="3.[151,503,1821,1882]" box="[151,503,1821,1847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="D0C1C7531E06FFE6FF6168248DAEF89A" bold="true" box="[151,503,1821,1847]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E06FFE6FF6168248DAEF89A" bold="true" box="[151,503,1821,1847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="4C360BBC1E06FFE6FF6168248DF7F89A" box="[151,430,1821,1847]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="spathifera" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E06FFE6FF6168248DF7F89A" bold="true" box="[151,430,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Parotoplana spathifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27111561E06FFE6FE4368248DAEF89A" box="[437,503,1821,1847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B89703F1E06FFE6FF6168798D8CF8F7" blockId="3.[151,503,1821,1882]" box="[151,469,1856,1882]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
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(
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<figureCitation id="130D6CBA1E06FFE6FF6968798CA9F8F7" box="[159,240,1856,1882]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,797,821]" captionTargetBox="[283,1305,216,778]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[258,1317,194,789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parotoplana spathifera sp. n. A, Sclerotized apparatus. Scale = 30 µm. B, Reconstruction of the genital organs from sagittal sections. Scale = 60 µm. Abbreviations are the same as Fig 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177650/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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A–B;
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<figureCitation id="130D6CBA1E06FFE6FEC868798DD7F8F7" box="[318,398,1856,1882]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1446,1470]" captionTargetBox="[407,1159,186,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[405,1162,185,1425]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Parotoplana pythagorae sp. n. A, Sagittal section (paratype). Scale = 50 µm. B, Sclerotized apparatus (holotype). Scale = 30 µm. C, Sagittal section of the paratype. Scale = 50 µm. Parotoplana spathifera sp. n. D, Sclerotized apparatus (holotype). Scale = 30 µm. E, Sagittal section (paratype). Scale = 30 µm. Abbreviations are the same as Fig 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177654/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
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D–E)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32C23B41E06FFE1FF6168B38E34FEAF" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B89703F1E06FFE6FF6168B38EC4F809" blockId="3.[151,1436,1930,2036]" box="[151,669,1930,1956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E06FFE6FF6168B38D50F809" bold="true" box="[151,265,1930,1956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
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<typeStatus id="548DCE9D1E06FFE6FF6168B38D50F809" box="[151,265,1930,1956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: one whole mount (
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<collectionCode id="ED27E8FA1E06FFE6FE0568B38E13F809" box="[499,586,1930,1956]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">SMNH</collectionCode>
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6663).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B89703F1E06FFE6FF30688B8FB4F859" blockId="3.[151,1436,1930,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E06FFE6FF30688B8D2DF861" bold="true" box="[198,372,1970,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
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<typeStatus id="548DCE9D1E06FFE6FF30688B8D5DF861" box="[198,260,1970,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Type</typeStatus>
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locality
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</emphasis>
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: Apulia,
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<collectingCountry id="F32130AF1E06FFE6FE08688B8E61F861" box="[510,568,1970,1996]" name="Italy" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Italy</collectingCountry>
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: Porto Cesareo (Lecce), Torre Scianuli (lat.
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0216F81E06FFE6FB68688B891EF861" box="[1182,1351,1970,1996]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" precision="1" value="40.234367">40°14’3.72”N</geoCoordinate>
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, long.
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0216F81E06FFE6FF6168E38D12F859" box="[151,331,2010,2036]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" precision="1" value="17.909935">17°54’35.77”E</geoCoordinate>
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), about
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<quantity id="4CCEDDDA1E06FFE6FE5F68E38D8CF859" box="[425,469,2010,2036]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</quantity>
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deep in coarse sand among rocks,
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<date id="FF8856FF1E06FFE6FC9B68E38FB0F859" box="[877,1001,2010,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" value="2005-05">May 2005</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B89703F1E01FFE1FF306FAE8E34FEAF" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E01FFE1FF306FAE8DE7FF1C" bold="true" box="[198,446,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Additional material</emphasis>
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:
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<typeStatus id="548DCE9D1E01FFE1FE396FA18E6CFF1F" box="[463,565,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED27E8FA1E01FFE1FDB06FA18EC5FF1F" box="[582,668,152,178]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">SMNH</collectionCode>
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6664): one specimen from the
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<typeStatus id="548DCE9D1E01FFE1FBE76FA1881AFF1F" box="[1041,1091,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus>
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locality, sagittally sectioned. Seven specimens sagittally sectioned (CZM-44/50); one karyological slide (CZM-51); three whole mounts (CZM-52/54), all from the
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<typeStatus id="548DCE9D1E01FFE1FE236FD18E5EFEAF" box="[469,519,232,258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32C23B41E01FFE1FF306E368FB0FEFF" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B89703F1E01FFE1FF306E368FB0FEFF" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E01FFE1FF306E368D14FE84" bold="true" box="[198,333,271,297]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Etymology</emphasis>
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: the specific epithet refers to the shape of one pair of spines in the sclerotized organ, the apex of which somewhat resembles the spathe of an arum lily (fam.
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<taxonomicName id="4C360BBC1E01FFE1FC8E6E018F87FEFF" box="[888,990,312,338]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32C23B41E01FFE1FF306E668DCAF8C1" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B89703F1E01FFE1FF306E668F5AFDB7" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E01FFE1FF306E668D06FED4" bold="true" box="[198,351,351,377]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Description.</emphasis>
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The
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<typeStatus id="548DCE9D1E01FFE1FE6A6E598E5AFED7" box="[412,515,352,378]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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is an adult worm, about
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<quantity id="4CCEDDDA1E01FFE1FCDD6E598FDFFED7" box="[811,902,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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long in fixed condition. The anterior and the fan-shaped posterior end are provided with numerous adhesive papillae. Short tactile bristles are present at the cephalic end. Encapsulated, oval shaped brain 55 µm long in the
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<typeStatus id="548DCE9D1E01FFE1FC656E898FA2FE67" box="[915,1019,432,458]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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; statocyst about 20 µm in diameter. The nucleated epithelium is ciliated ventrally (with cilia about 6 µm long), forming a creeping sole, which runs from the anterior end to behind the genital pore.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B89703F1E01FFE1FF616D1188E7FD3F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Numerous rhabdoids (up to 20 µm long) are scattered all over the body. Subepidermal longitudinal musculature well developed ventrally. The collar shaped pharynx (about 80 µm long) is located in the second half of the body. It is entirely ciliated (cilia about 3,5 µm long), with the exception of its distal tip.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B89703F1E01FFE1FF306D998FB3FC2F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">
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Male genital organs. Two lateral rows of testes (about
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<quantity id="4CCEDDDA1E01FFE1FCBF6D998FDCFD17" box="[841,901,672,698]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.636" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" unit="in" value="34.0">34 in</quantity>
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each row) are present anterior to the ovaries. The copulatory organ consists of a large sacciform seminal vesicle (76 µm in length in the
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<typeStatus id="548DCE9D1E01FFE1FB4A6DF1897CFD4F" box="[1212,1317,712,738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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), which is distally connected to an elongate prostatic vesicle (
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<figureCitation id="130D6CBA1E01FFE1FD1F6DC98F63FCA7" box="[745,826,752,778]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,797,821]" captionTargetBox="[283,1305,216,778]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[258,1317,194,789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parotoplana spathifera sp. n. A, Sclerotized apparatus. Scale = 30 µm. B, Reconstruction of the genital organs from sagittal sections. Scale = 60 µm. Abbreviations are the same as Fig 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177650/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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B; 6 E). The seminal vesicle has a nucleated epithelium and it is provided with a layer of well-developed circular musculature. The prostatic vesicle, lined by a glandular, non-ciliated epithelium, is distally connected to the sclerotized apparatus (
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<figureCitation id="130D6CBA1E01FFE1FB656C7988BEFCF7" box="[1171,1255,832,858]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,797,821]" captionTargetBox="[283,1305,216,778]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[258,1317,194,789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parotoplana spathifera sp. n. A, Sclerotized apparatus. Scale = 30 µm. B, Reconstruction of the genital organs from sagittal sections. Scale = 60 µm. Abbreviations are the same as Fig 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177650/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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B; 6 E) which consists of four pairs of spines, symmetrically arranged (
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<figureCitation id="130D6CBA1E01FFE1FCC66C518FD8FC2F" box="[816,897,872,898]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,797,821]" captionTargetBox="[283,1305,216,778]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[258,1317,194,789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parotoplana spathifera sp. n. A, Sclerotized apparatus. Scale = 30 µm. B, Reconstruction of the genital organs from sagittal sections. Scale = 60 µm. Abbreviations are the same as Fig 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177650/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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A; 6 D):
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B89703F1E01FFE1FF316CA98946FC07" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1900]" box="[199,1311,912,938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">
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1. two median spines with pointed apices (100 µm long in the
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<typeStatus id="548DCE9D1E01FFE1FC576CA98852FC07" box="[929,1035,912,938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, ranging 100–102 µm);
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B89703F1E01FFE1FF316C818D35FC57" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">2. two spines (94–95 µm long; range: 93–95 µm) with sickle shaped apices, with pointed distal end and a subterminal tooth;</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B89703F1E01FFE1FF316B318D8EFBE7" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">3. two spines (90–92 µm long; range: 89–92 µm) with recurve apices, provided with a feebly sclerotized, distal subtriangular lamina;</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B89703F1E01FFE1FF316B6189D1FBDF" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1900]" box="[199,1416,1112,1138]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">4. two spines (70–72 µm long; range 70–74 µm) with slightly sickle shaped apices and obtuse distal tip.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B89703F1E01FFE1FF316BB98D49FB6F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">The male antrum is lined with a nucleated epithelium; it opens into the anterior part of the common genital atrium.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B89703F1E01FFE1FF316BE98819FACF" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">
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Female genital organs. Two ovaries anterior to the pharynx. Two rows of vitellaria extend from posterior to the ovaries to anterior of the copulatory organ. About five vitellarium vesicles are present anterior to the pharynx and 17 behind it. The ovoid bursa is lined by a nucleated epithelium (
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<figureCitation id="130D6CBA1E01FFE1FBD06A19882FFA97" box="[1062,1142,1312,1338]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,797,821]" captionTargetBox="[283,1305,216,778]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[258,1317,194,789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parotoplana spathifera sp. n. A, Sclerotized apparatus. Scale = 30 µm. B, Reconstruction of the genital organs from sagittal sections. Scale = 60 µm. Abbreviations are the same as Fig 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177650/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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B; 6 E). It opens into the common atrium through a wide, straight canal with a low, nucleated epithelium.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B89703F1E01FFE1FF316A498D50F987" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">
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The oviducts are ciliated. They join distally into an extremely short, ciliated, female duct. This female duct is partly surrounded by few, very large glandular cells (the ‘glandular organ’) and by the female glands (
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<figureCitation id="130D6CBA1E01FFE1FF696AF98CA8FA77" box="[159,241,1472,1498]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,797,821]" captionTargetBox="[283,1305,216,778]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[258,1317,194,789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parotoplana spathifera sp. n. A, Sclerotized apparatus. Scale = 30 µm. B, Reconstruction of the genital organs from sagittal sections. Scale = 60 µm. Abbreviations are the same as Fig 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177650/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B; 6 E). It opens into the common genital atrium. The epithelium of the atrium is high and nucleated. Adjacent to the ‘glandular organ’, the epithelium is formed by glandular cells, with very fine, basophilous secretion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89703F1E01FFE1FF3169018DCAF8C1" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Karyotype. Chromosome number: n = 9; FN = 16. Chromosome pairs differ noticeably in size and centromeric index. Chrom. I is a large metacentric; Chrom. II is medium sized, at the border between submetacentric and subtelocentric. The remaining pairs can be arranged in a decreasing series; Chrom. IX is very small, about 1/9th the size of the largest pair. The only plate suitable for karyometric analysis yielded the following data: Chrom. I = r.l.: 27.9; c.i.: 45.07 (m); Chrom. II = r.l.: 16.13; c.i.: 25.4 (sm); Chrom. III = r.l.: 12.6; c.i.: 28.87 (sm); Chrom. IV = r.l.: 10.22; c.i.: 45.12 (m); Chrom. V = r.l.: 9.3; c.i.: 41.05 (m); Chrom. VI = r.l.: 7.92; c.i.: 17.14 (st); Chrom. VII = r.l.: 7.26; c.i.: 14.83 (st); Chrom. VIII = r.l.: 6.72; c.i.: 28.34 (sm); Chrom. IX = r.l.: 3.28; c.i.: 33.33 (sm).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF4920B71E00FFE0FF616C24885AFCF5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177650/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" targetBox="[283,1305,216,778]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89703F1E00FFE0FF616C24885AFCF5" blockId="5.[151,1436,797,856]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FF616C248D42FC98" bold="true" box="[151,283,797,821]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C360BBC1E00FFE0FED36C278E79FC98" box="[293,544,798,821]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="spathifera" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FED36C278E79FC98" box="[293,544,798,821]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Parotoplana spathifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FDDF6C248E31FC98" bold="true" box="[553,616,797,821]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27111561E00FFE0FDDF6C248E31FC98" box="[553,616,797,821]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, Sclerotized apparatus. Scale = 30 µm. B, Reconstruction of the genital organs from sagittal sections. Scale = 60 µm. Abbreviations are the same as Fig 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32C23B41E00FFE0FF316C9A8DB1F880" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89703F1E00FFE0FF316C9A895BFB78" blockId="5.[151,1437,931,2037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FF316C9A8D60FC10" bold="true" box="[199,313,931,957]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. Except for the new species, species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C360BBC1E00FFE0FCE46C9D8FFCFC10" box="[786,933,932,957]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FCE46C9D8FFCFC10" box="[786,933,932,957]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Parotoplana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacking a central stylet include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C360BBC1E00FFE0FAE86C9D8CA6FC48" authority="Ax 1956" authorityName="Ax" authorityYear="1956" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="capitata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FAE86C9D89C5FC10" box="[1310,1436,932,957]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">P. capitata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA70DCE1E00FFE0FF616CF28CA6FC48" author="Ax" box="[151,255,971,997]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" refString="Ax, P. (1956) Monographie der Otoplanidae (Turbellaria): Morphologie und Systematik. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse, 13, 159 - 278." type="journal article" year="1956">Ax 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C360BBC1E00FFE0FEFA6CF58E5DFC48" authority="Ax 1956" authorityName="Ax" authorityYear="1956" box="[268,516,971,997]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="primitiva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FEFA6CF58DCDFC48" box="[268,404,972,997]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">P. primitiva</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA70DCE1E00FFE0FE6A6CF28E5DFC48" author="Ax" box="[412,516,971,997]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" refString="Ax, P. (1956) Monographie der Otoplanidae (Turbellaria): Morphologie und Systematik. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse, 13, 159 - 278." type="journal article" year="1956">Ax 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C360BBC1E00FFE0FDE76CF58F6DFC48" authority="Ax 1956" authorityName="Ax" authorityYear="1956" box="[529,820,971,997]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="multispinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FDE76CF58E9AFC48" box="[529,707,972,997]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">P. multispinosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA70DCE1E00FFE0FD3A6CF28F6DFC48" author="Ax" box="[716,820,971,997]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" refString="Ax, P. (1956) Monographie der Otoplanidae (Turbellaria): Morphologie und Systematik. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse, 13, 159 - 278." type="journal article" year="1956">Ax 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FCB66CF58FC0FC48" box="[832,921,972,997]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">P. m o y a</emphasis>
|
||
Marcus 1949,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C360BBC1E00FFE0FBBB6CF58923FC48" authority="Ax & Ax 1974" authorityName="Ax & Ax" authorityYear="1974" box="[1101,1402,971,997]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="turgida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FBBB6CF58899FC48" box="[1101,1216,972,997]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">P. turgida</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA70DCE1E00FFE0FB3E6CF28923FC48" author="Ax" box="[1224,1402,971,997]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" refString="Ax, P. & Ax, R. (1974). Interstitielle Fauna von Galapagos V. Otoplanidae (Turbellaria, Proseriata). Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 27, 573 - 598." type="journal article" year="1974">Ax & Ax 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C360BBC1E00FFE0FA706CF58E07FBA0" authority="Ax & Sopott-Ehlers 1987" authorityName="Ax & Sopott-Ehlers" authorityYear="1987" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bermudensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FA706CF58D72FBA0" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">P. bermudensis</emphasis>
|
||
Ax & Sopott-Ehlers 1987
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FD9C6CCD8EE9FBA0" box="[618,688,1012,1037]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">P. l a t a</emphasis>
|
||
Ax & Sopott-Ehlers 1987,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C360BBC1E00FFE0FC056CCD89CEFBA0" authority="Ax & Sopott-Ehlers 1987" authorityName="Ax & Sopott-Ehlers" authorityYear="1987" box="[1011,1431,1011,1037]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="subtilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FC056CCD883DFBA0" box="[1011,1124,1012,1037]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">P. subtilis</emphasis>
|
||
Ax & Sopott-Ehlers 1987
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C360BBC1E00FFE0FF616B258E69FB98" authority="Ax & Sopott-Ehlers 1987" authorityName="Ax & Sopott-Ehlers" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,560,1051,1077]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FF616B258CA3FB98" box="[151,250,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">P. mollis</emphasis>
|
||
Ax & Sopott-Ehlers 1987
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C360BBC1E00FFE0FD9A6B258F9FFB98" authority="Sopott-Ehlers 1976" authorityName="Sopott-Ehlers" authorityYear="1976" box="[620,966,1051,1077]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bicupa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FD9A6B258E80FB98" box="[620,729,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">P. bicupa</emphasis>
|
||
Sopott-Ehlers 1976
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C360BBC1E00FFE0FBE46B2588FFFB98" box="[1042,1190,1052,1077]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="spathifera" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FBE46B2588FFFB98" box="[1042,1190,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">P. spathifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FB5A6B2288B7FB98" bold="true" box="[1196,1262,1051,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27111561E00FFE0FB5A6B2288B7FB98" box="[1196,1262,1051,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
however has a sclerotized apparatus consisting of four pairs of spines, with each pair markedly different in shape from each other. Furthermore, it has the lowest number of spines (eight) known for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C360BBC1E00FFE0FB9B6B558959FB28" box="[1133,1280,1132,1157]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FB9B6B558959FB28" box="[1133,1280,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Parotoplana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Only
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FAA56B558C92FB00" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">P. t u r - gida</emphasis>
|
||
has a sclerotized apparatus of less than 10 spines. In this species, however, the spination consists of two larger and seven distinctly smaller spines; all spines have sickle shaped apices (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA70DCE1E00FFE0FBCF6B8288ACFB78" author="Ax" box="[1081,1269,1211,1237]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" refString="Ax, P. & Ax, R. (1974). Interstitielle Fauna von Galapagos V. Otoplanidae (Turbellaria, Proseriata). Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 27, 573 - 598." type="journal article" year="1974">Ax & Ax, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89703F1E00FFE0FF316BDA8D19F9C8" blockId="5.[151,1437,931,2037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
|
||
The ‘glandular organ’ seen in the female genital system of the new species is similar to that described for
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FF616A358D49FA88" box="[151,272,1292,1317]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">P. c a p i t a t a</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA70DCE1E00FFE0FED26A328E3EFA88" author="Ax" box="[292,615,1291,1317]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" refString="Ax, P. (1956) Monographie der Otoplanidae (Turbellaria): Morphologie und Systematik. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse, 13, 159 - 278." type="journal article" year="1956">Ax, 1956, fig. 150, pg. 220</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C360BBC1E00FFE0FD246A358F0FFA88" box="[722,854,1292,1317]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="uncinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FD246A358F0FFA88" box="[722,854,1292,1317]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">P. uncinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA70DCE1E00FFE0FC936A3288BDFA88" author="Lanfranchi" box="[869,1252,1291,1317]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" refString="Lanfranchi, A. (1978) Morphology and taxonomy of two new otoplanids (Turbellaria, Proseriata) from the Ligurian Sea. Zoologica Scripta, 7, 249 - 254." type="journal article" year="1978">Lanfranchi 1978, fig. 7, pg. 254</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C360BBC1E00FFE0FAE16A3589CDFA88" box="[1303,1428,1292,1317]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="capitata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FAE16A3589CDFA88" box="[1303,1428,1292,1317]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">P. capitata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, a much longer female duct is present. The distal fusion of the oviducts, as seen in the new species, is a rare character in the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FE1D6A658EDCFAD8" box="[491,645,1372,1397]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C360BBC1E00FFE0FE1D6A658ED8FAD8" box="[491,641,1372,1397]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Parotoplana</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and only reported from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C360BBC1E00FFE0FC506A65881DFAD8" box="[934,1092,1372,1397]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="macrostyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FC506A65881DFAD8" box="[934,1092,1372,1397]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">P. macrostyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C360BBC1E00FFE0FB886A658C86FA30" authority="Lanfranchi, 1978" authorityName="Lanfranchi" authorityYear="1978" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="uncinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FB886A65895AFAD8" box="[1150,1283,1372,1397]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">P. uncinata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA70DCE1E00FFE0FAE46A628C8FFA30" author="Lanfranchi" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" refString="Lanfranchi, A. (1978) Morphology and taxonomy of two new otoplanids (Turbellaria, Proseriata) from the Ligurian Sea. Zoologica Scripta, 7, 249 - 254." type="journal article" year="1978">Lanfranchi, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, in both these species the epithelium lining the female portion of the common atrium is high and glandular, similarly to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C360BBC1E00FFE0FDFD6A958EC7FA68" box="[523,670,1452,1477]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="spathifera" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FDFD6A958EC7FA68" box="[523,670,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">P. spathifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FD526A928EBFFA68" bold="true" box="[676,742,1451,1477]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27111561E00FFE0FD526A928EBFFA68" box="[676,742,1451,1477]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The morphology of the sclerotized structures in the species above is however quite distinct, as both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C360BBC1E00FFE0FD8B6AED8F44FA40" box="[637,797,1492,1517]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="macrostyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FD8B6AED8F44FA40" box="[637,797,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">P. macrostyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C360BBC1E00FFE0FCAD6AED8FB8FA40" box="[859,993,1492,1517]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="uncinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FCAD6AED8FB8FA40" box="[859,993,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">P. uncinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a central stylet, and a girdle of numerous spines with the same morphology. Any phylogenetic inference based on the shared presence of the ‘glandular organ’ in these species should therefore be deferred until a thorough revision of the genus is accomplished.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89703F1E00FFE0FF31694D8DB1F880" blockId="5.[151,1437,931,2037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C360BBC1E00FFE0FF31694D8D05F920" box="[199,348,1652,1677]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="spathifera" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FF31694D8D05F920" box="[199,348,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">P. spathifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FE93694A8DF1F920" bold="true" box="[357,424,1651,1677]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27111561E00FFE0FE93694A8DF1F920" box="[357,424,1651,1677]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is the only species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C360BBC1E00FFE0FD40694D8F10F920" box="[694,841,1652,1677]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FD40694D8F10F920" box="[694,841,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Parotoplana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
so far known with n = 9. The small size of many chromosome pairs and their low centromeric index suggest that the high haploid number is derived through a series of fissioning processes. Robertsonian mechanisms of chromosome fission and fusion have already been documented in Proseriata, and appear to be a widespread pattern of karyological evolution in the group (Curini-Galletti et al., 1989).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32C23B41E00FFE0FF3168028916F858" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89703F1E00FFE0FF3168028916F858" blockId="5.[151,1437,931,2037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FF3168028D10F8F8" bold="true" box="[199,329,1851,1877]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C360BBC1E00FFE0FE2368058E31F8F8" box="[469,616,1852,1877]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Parotoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942AC2D1E00FFE0FE2368058E31F8F8" box="[469,616,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Parotoplana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a glandular organ surrounding the outlet of the extremely short female duct in the common atrium. The sclerotized apparatus consists of two median spines with pointed apices (100–102 µm long); two spines (93–95 µm) with sickle shaped apices, with pointed distal end and a subterminal tooth; two spines (89–91 µm) with spathe-shaped apices; two spines (70–74 µm) with sickle shaped apices and rounded distal tip. Karyotype with n = 9, with chromosome pairs markedly differing in size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |