treatments-xml/data/03/9F/87/039F87941F73FFE6FF6C8003FD3DF9F5.xml

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<mods:title id="1C5A9287BCA1323EDD0F0CD1AAF39721">Revisiting the taxonomy of Geranium rubifolium (Geraniaceae) with notes on its habitat and conservation status</mods:title>
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Lindl.(1840:67)
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: 
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Royle, Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 26: t. 67 1840.
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Graham (
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Herb, perennial, ascending, 
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tall; not rooting at nodes with more foliage near base and much reduced at inflorescence. Rootstock 
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diam., short and stout, rhizomatous, vertical, covered with marcescent stipules, bearing many shoot buds. Taproot 03– 
<quantity id="4CCE9B671F73FFE5FDD08307FD6BFD9F" box="[564,641,592,619]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
diam., woody, tuberous, horizontal/oblique. Stem 
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diam., square with strengthened corners, not caespitose but branching close to base; lower internodes 
<quantity id="4CCE9B671F73FFE5FBAF8323FB58FD7B" box="[1099,1202,628,655]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="2.75" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–4 cm</quantity>
long; upper ones 
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long, having retrose, appressed eglandular hairs,(
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long), spreading glandular hairs (ca. 
<quantity id="4CCE9B671F73FFE5FAF783CFFA83FD47" box="[1299,1385,664,691]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
long) only at tender shoot apex. Stipules (3–) 5.5–10× 
<quantity id="4CCE9B671F73FFE5FD5883EBFCADFD23" box="[700,839,700,727]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="2.6" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="1.7">1.7–3.5 mm</quantity>
, deltoid-subulate, connate at base, acuminate-caudate (older ones), otherwise bifid, ciliate along margins, puberulent to pilose abaxially and glabrous adaxially. Leaves opposite; petiole 
<quantity id="4CCE9B671F73FFE5FEA98253FE5AFCEB" box="[333,432,772,799]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="16.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="9.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="3.0">3–16 cm</quantity>
long reduced in the upper part, with retrose, appressed, straight eglanduar hairs (
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long); lamina 3.5–8(–11) × 5–9.5(–13) cm, polygonal (irregular), shallowly palmate partite (ratio of main sinus length/middle segment length = 0.4–0.5), segments 3–5, torullate/broadly rhombic, acute-acuminate at apex, middle segment width at base 
<quantity id="4CCE9B671F73FFE5FE678227FE3FFC7F" box="[387,469,880,907]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 cm</quantity>
not lobed (2 
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sinus either absent or slightly developed), rather deeply serrate (biserrate), 8–25 teeth, broader than long, mucronate at apex, (ratio of 2 
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sinus length /middle segment length 0.11–0.15), strigose eglandular hairy (
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long), glandular hairs only on tender apical leaves. Inflorescence cymose, monochasial, scorpoid 
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; cymule two flowered, solitary, branching; peduncles 
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long, spreading, pleuricellular, glandular hairy (
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long) and retrose (occasionally appressed), uncinate, eglandular hairy (
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long); pedicels 
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long, indumentation same as peduncles; bracteoles four, 2–5 × 
<quantity id="4CCE9B671F73FFE5FC058573FB84FBCB" box="[993,1134,1060,1087]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.3">0.3–1.1 mm</quantity>
, lanceolate-subulate, ciliate along margins (hairs 
<quantity id="4CCE9B671F73FFE5FE9F851FFDF8FB97" box="[379,530,1096,1123]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.625" valueMax="0.85" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.85 mm</quantity>
long), both surfaces pubescent sometimes glabrous adaxailly. Sepals five, 6–8.2 × 
<quantity id="4CCE9B671F73FFE5FF45853BFEE8FB73" box="[161,258,1132,1159]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
, ovate-lanceolate, mucro 
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long, cilate along margins, glabrous adaxially, pleuricellular glandular hairy (
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long), appressed, pubescent eglandular hairy on abaxial surface. Petals five, 15–20 × 09– 
<quantity id="4CCE9B671F73FFE5FABC85C7FA4DFB5F" box="[1368,1447,1168,1195]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
, cordate, cuneate at base, emarginated at apex, both surfaces glabrous except the base with ciliate margins, tuft of hairs in a single band on adaxial surface and a few hairs on abaxial side. Stamens 10; filament 4.2–5.7× 
<quantity id="4CCE9B671F73FFE5FADF858FFF5CFAE3" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.65" valueMin="0.55">0.55–0.65 mm</quantity>
, lanceolate, broadly dilated at base, tapering into a narrow long apex, apex pinkish, 1/2–1/3 
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margins ciliate with 
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long hairs, abaxial surface with few trichomes in lower region, glabrous on adaxial surface; anthers 
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long. Nectaries 5, globular to deltoid with a tuft of hairs at the apex. Fruits 
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long; mericarps 
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long, surface without ridges, wrinkles only when intact in fruit, pilose eglandular hairy, (
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long), few glandular hairs on dorsal apical region, (ca. 
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long), callus with a tuft of hairs; rostrum 
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long, with both eglandular as well as glandular hairs on outer surface of awn, and uniseriate minutely puberulent hairs (ca. 
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long) on inner surface; apex narrow 
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long, eglandular hairy; stigmatic remains 
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(– 
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long). Seeds five, 
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long, surface reticulate faintly sculptured, glabrous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C65091F73FFE5FF59874BFB5FF86A" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8936821F73FFE5FF59874BFB9BF9C2" blockId="1.[136,1452,520,2059]" box="[189,1137,1564,1591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B942EA901F73FFE5FF59874BFE8CF9C2" bold="true" box="[189,358,1564,1590]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Phenology: —</emphasis>
Flowering during July to August and fruiting in August to September.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936821F73FFE5FF598717FB5FF86A" blockId="1.[136,1452,520,2059]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B942EA901F73FFE5FF598717FEE3F9AE" bold="true" box="[189,265,1600,1626]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Notes:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C364D011F73FFE5FEF78717FDE9F9AE" box="[275,515,1600,1626]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubifolium">
<emphasis id="B942EA901F73FFE5FEF78717FDE9F9AE" box="[275,515,1600,1626]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Geranium rubifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by its distinct 
<typeStatus id="548D88201F73FFE5FC8F8716FC71F9AF" box="[875,923,1601,1627]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus>
of leaves consisting of three prominent broad segments and two basal inconspicuous ones that are often absent in younger leaves. It shows some resemblance with 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D011F73FFE5FF6C87DFFD7FF956" authority="D. Don ex Sweet (1821: 90)" authorityName="D. Don ex Sweet" authorityPageNumber="90" authorityYear="1821" box="[136,661,1672,1699]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wallichianum">
<emphasis id="B942EA901F73FFE5FF6C87DFFEAEF956" box="[136,324,1672,1698]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">G. wallichianum</emphasis>
D. Don ex 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B731F73FFE5FE2A87DFFD7FF956" author="Sweet, R." box="[462,661,1672,1698]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" refId="ref3232" refString="Sweet, R. (1821) Geraniaceae 1. Ridgway, London, 90 pp." type="book" year="1821">Sweet (1821: 90)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs from the latter in having lesser number of leaf segments, serrate (some time biserrate) but not lobed margins and leaf surface relatively lustrous. The flowering axis in 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D011F73FFE5FA7487FBFF14F91E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubifolium">
<emphasis id="B942EA901F73FFE5FA7487FBFF14F91E" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">G. rubifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinct above the foliage arching sideways, peduncles almost parallel to axis with 2 forking straight pedicels and having lanceolate-subulate stipules whereas in 
<emphasis id="B942EA901F73FFE5FCC687A3FC09F8FA" box="[802,995,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D011F73FFE5FCC687A3FC35F8FA" authorityName="D. Don ex Sweet" authorityYear="1821" box="[802,991,1780,1806]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wallichianum">G. wallichianum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the flowering axis is not distinctly above the foliage, the peduncles rather bearing two reflexed pedicels and stipules are broadly ovate. The distribution area of 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D011F73FFE5FF6C866BFECAF8A2" box="[136,288,1852,1878]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubifolium">
<emphasis id="B942EA901F73FFE5FF6C866BFECAF8A2" box="[136,288,1852,1878]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">G. rubifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
overlaps with that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D011F73FFE5FDF7866BFD27F8A2" authorityName="D. Don ex Sweet" authorityYear="1821" box="[531,717,1852,1878]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wallichianum">
<emphasis id="B942EA901F73FFE5FDF7866BFD27F8A2" box="[531,717,1852,1878]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">G. wallichianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and also the leaves, flowers and fruits of 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D011F73FFE5FB79866BFADFF8A2" box="[1181,1333,1852,1878]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubifolium">
<emphasis id="B942EA901F73FFE5FB79866BFADFF8A2" box="[1181,1333,1852,1878]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">G. rubifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles more or less with 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D011F73FFE5FEA98637FDECF88E" authorityName="D. Don ex Sweet" authorityYear="1821" box="[333,518,1888,1914]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wallichianum">
<emphasis id="B942EA901F73FFE5FEA98637FDECF88E" box="[333,518,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">G. wallichianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that actually deceives the collector, who apprehends these two species as one, in the field. This may be a reason for lack of new representation of 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D011F73FFE5FCD786D3FC21F86A" box="[819,971,1924,1950]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubifolium">
<emphasis id="B942EA901F73FFE5FCD786D3FC21F86A" box="[819,971,1924,1950]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">G. rubifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 1839 onwards.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C65091F73FFE6FF5986FFFD3DF9F5" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8936821F73FFE6FF5986FFFBEDFED0" blockId="1.[136,1452,520,2059]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1452,158,293]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B942EA901F73FFE5FF5986FFFE18F836" bold="true" box="[189,498,1960,1986]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Distribution and habitat:</emphasis>
—The only precise locality known for 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D011F73FFE5FC5986FFFBB3F836" box="[957,1113,1960,1986]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubifolium">
<emphasis id="B942EA901F73FFE5FC5986FFFBB3F836" box="[957,1113,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">G. rubifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was Banihal pass of 
<collectingRegion id="49F2F8601F73FFE5FABE86FEFEB9F813" country="India" name="Jammu and Kashmir" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Jammu and Kashmir state</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B731F73FFE5FE86869BFE0EF812" author="Nasir, Y. J." box="[354,484,1996,2022]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" refId="ref3173" refString="Nasir, Y. J. (1983) Geraniaceae. In: Nasir, E. &amp; Ali, S. I. (Eds.) Flora of Pakistan. No. 149. University of Karachi, Pakistan." type="book" year="1983">Nasir 1983</bibRefCitation>
). The species has now been collected from two more localities in Anantnag district of 
<collectingRegion id="49F2F8601F73FFE5FF6C86A6FE9DF7FE" box="[136,375,2032,2059]" country="India" name="Jammu and Kashmir" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Jammu and Kashmir</collectingRegion>
: Chandanwari Pahalgam and Duksum (
<figureCitation id="130D2A071F73FFE5FCD386A7FC93F7FE" box="[823,889,2032,2058]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,974,996]" captionTargetBox="[204,1357,342,936]" captionTargetId="figure-97@2.[204,1383,314,947]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Location and distribution of Geranium rubifolium in Anantnag district of Jammu and Kashmir." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13872513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13872513/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Another locality of distribution i.e, Aharbal has been revealed by authors from S.K. Raina’s collection. It was collected in Alpine Pine forests, on both the banks of a stream flowing between two hill tops and some time in plain pine forest area at an elevation of 
<quantity id="4CCE9B671F70FFE6FB328195FA9FFF29" box="[1238,1397,194,221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="2750.0" valueMax="3100.0" valueMin="2400.0">2400–3100 m</quantity>
. The dominant associates of 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D011F70FFE6FE7681B0FDC6FEF4" box="[402,556,230,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubifolium">
<emphasis id="B942EA901F70FFE6FE7681B0FDC6FEF4" box="[402,556,230,257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">G. rubifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in theses localities are 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D011F70FFE6FCDC81B0FC0FFEF4" box="[824,997,231,256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Fragaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vesca">
<emphasis id="B942EA901F70FFE6FCDC81B0FC0FFEF4" box="[824,997,231,256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Fragaria vesca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (1753: 494), 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D011F70FFE6FB4681B0FAD3FEF4" box="[1186,1337,230,256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urtica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dioica">
<emphasis id="B942EA901F70FFE6FB4681B0FAD3FEF4" box="[1186,1337,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Urtica dioica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (1753: 984), 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D011F70FFE6FF2D805CFE98FED0" box="[201,370,266,292]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Lamium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="album">
<emphasis id="B942EA901F70FFE6FF2D805CFE98FED0" box="[201,370,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Lamium album</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (1753: 579) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D011F70FFE6FDB6805CFBE9FED0" authority="Less. (1831: 128)" authorityName="Less." authorityPageNumber="128" authorityYear="1831" box="[594,1027,266,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Myriactis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nepalensis">
<emphasis id="B942EA901F70FFE6FDB6805CFCD0FED0" box="[594,826,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Myriactis nepalensis</emphasis>
Less. (1831:128)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8936821F70FFE6FF6C8299FB79FC11" blockId="2.[136,1171,974,997]" box="[136,1171,974,997]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B942EA901F70FFE6FF6C8299FF14FC17" bold="true" box="[136,254,974,996]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Location and distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D011F70FFE6FDF28298FD08FC10" box="[534,738,975,996]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubifolium">
<emphasis id="B942EA901F70FFE6FDF28298FD08FC10" box="[534,738,975,996]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Geranium rubifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Anantnag district of Jammu and Kashmir.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8936821F70FFE6FF598544FC2EFA85" blockId="2.[136,1452,1043,1537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B942EA901F70FFE6FF598544FE5CFBD9" bold="true" box="[189,438,1043,1069]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Conservation status:</emphasis>
—The population of 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D011F70FFE6FD4E8544FC71FBD9" box="[682,923,1043,1069]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubifolium">
<emphasis id="B942EA901F70FFE6FD4E8544FC71FBD9" box="[682,923,1043,1069]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Geranium rubifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Chandanwari Pahalgam and Duksum were small and scattered, with about 15 to 25 individuals each. The Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and Area of Occupancy (AOO) of the species have been estimated as ± 
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and ± 
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respectively. According to 
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criteria (B1B2biiciii) (Area of Occupancy estimated to be less than 
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and known to exist not more than 3 locations), this species can be categorized as Critically Endangered. Heavy grazing by livestock reared by the inhabiting Gujjar community in this area may push this species to further endangerments. Additionally, Duksum and Chandanwari are listed among the famous tourist places and Chandanwari also being a base camp for tens thousands of pilgrims who come to visit the Amaranth cave, may add further menace to the population. In both the areas the species is spread within an area of 
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that highlights its narrow distribution and frequency. The species must be considered as narrow endemic to 
<collectingCountry id="F32176121F70FFE6FEEF8400FEADFA85" box="[267,327,1367,1393]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">India</collectingCountry>
, since there is no representation from adjacent countries.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936821F70FFE6FF59842CFD3DF9F5" blockId="2.[136,1452,1043,1537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B942EA901F70FFE6FF59842CFE2BFA61" bold="true" box="[189,449,1403,1429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Specimens examined:</emphasis>
— 
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3CDF1F70FFE6FE3A842CFC02FA4D" collectingDate="2018-08-27" collectionCode="A, LWG" collectorName="Jammu &amp; Kashmir &amp; Imtiyaz &amp; Hurrah &amp; Sameer &amp; Dar" country="India" elevation="2417" latitude="33.610832" location="Anantnag" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="75.42139" municipality="Duksum" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="F32176121F70FFE6FE3A842CFDDAFA61" box="[478,560,1403,1429]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">INDIA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectorName id="26C353541F70FFE6FDD8842CFD67FA61" box="[572,653,1403,1429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Jammu</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26C353541F70FFE6FD52842CFCF1FA61" box="[694,795,1403,1429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Kashmir</collectorName>
: 
<location id="8EE960591F70FFE6FCC1842CFC7FFA61" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87941F73FFE6FF6C8003FD3DF9F5:8EE960591F70FFE6FCC1842CFC7FFA61" box="[805,917,1403,1429]" country="India" latitude="33.610832" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="75.42139" municipality="Duksum" name="Anantnag" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Anantnag</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEDACF81F70FFE6FC46842CFBEEFA61" box="[930,1028,1403,1429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Duksum</collectingMunicipality>
, 
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33 
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36’39” N
</geoCoordinate>
, 
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75 
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25’17” E
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&amp; 
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320222, 320224 (
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!)
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04’34” N
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75 
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24’57” E
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. 
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&amp; 
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. 
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320230, 320237, 320238, 320239 (
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!)
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; 
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, 
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. 
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. 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D011F70FFE6FE5384BFFE10F9F5" authorityName="Marwick" authorityYear="1927" box="[439,506,1512,1537]" class="Bivalvia" genus="Raina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Venerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Raina</taxonomicName>
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612 
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(
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!)
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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