291 lines
37 KiB
XML
291 lines
37 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E26A789BC50B7BE5557FBEFA6E9BE347">Taxonomic revision of Scoparia Haworth, 1811 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Scopariinae) from China</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8B8C55410928FF9FFF70BB32FE74A416" blockId="2.[151,450,823,849]" box="[151,450,823,849]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C332EC20928FF9FFF70BB32FE74A416" ID-CoL="92MKD" authority="Haworth, 1811" authorityName="Haworth" authorityYear="1811" box="[151,450,823,849]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Scoparia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFF70BB32FE74A416" bold="true" box="[151,450,823,849]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFF70BB32FEB5A416" bold="true" box="[151,259,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Scoparia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA228B00928FF9FFEEDBB32FE74A416" author="Haworth" box="[266,450,823,849]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Haworth, A. H. (1811) Lepidoptera Britannica, sistens digestionem novam Insectorum Lepidopterorum quae in Magna Britannia reperiuntur, larvarum pabulo, temporeque pascendi; expansione alarum, mensibusque volandi, synonymis atque locis observationibusque varisi. Part III. R. Taylor. London. 377 - 512 pp." type="book chapter" year="1811">Haworth, 1811</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32906CA0928FF9FFF70BB85FB83A330" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8C55410928FF9FFF70BB85FBBCA4B0" blockId="2.[151,1167,896,1143]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB23726F0928FF9FFF70BB85FBBCA4B0" infered="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C332EC20928FF9FFF70BB85FE60A4D0" ID-CoL="92MKD" authority="Haworth, 1811: 498" authorityName="Haworth" authorityPageNumber="498" authorityYear="1811" box="[151,470,896,919]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Scoparia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFF70BB85FF41A4D0" box="[151,247,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Scoparia</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9273500928FF9FFF19BB85FE60A4D0" author="Haworth" box="[254,470,896,919]" page="498" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1811">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA228B00928FF9FFF19BB85FE16A4D0" author="Haworth" box="[254,416,896,919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Haworth, A. H. (1811) Lepidoptera Britannica, sistens digestionem novam Insectorum Lepidopterorum quae in Magna Britannia reperiuntur, larvarum pabulo, temporeque pascendi; expansione alarum, mensibusque volandi, synonymis atque locis observationibusque varisi. Part III. R. Taylor. London. 377 - 512 pp." type="book chapter" year="1811">Haworth, 1811</bibRefCitation>
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: 498
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="5488EBE30928FF9FFE07BB85FDA3A4D0" box="[480,533,896,919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C332EC20928FF9FFD91BB85FCAEA4D0" box="[630,792,896,919]" class="Insecta" family="Tineidae" genus="Tinea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyralella">
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<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFD91BB85FCAEA4D0" box="[630,792,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Tinea pyralella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775.
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<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFF70BBA5FF44A4F0" box="[151,242,928,951]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Eudorea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA228B00928FF9FFF1FBBA5FE36A4F0" author="Curtis" box="[248,384,928,951]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Curtis, J. (1827) British Entomology; being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland: containing coloured figures from nature of the most rare and beautiful species, and in many instances of the plant upon which they are found. London. 4, nos. 147 - 194 pls." type="journal article" year="1827">Curtis, 1827</bibRefCitation>
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: folio 170.
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<typeStatus id="5488EBE30928FF9FFE1FBBA5FD9BA4F0" box="[504,557,928,951]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C332EC20928FF9FFD68BBA5FC87A4F0" box="[655,817,928,951]" class="Insecta" family="Tineidae" genus="Tinea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyralella">
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<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFD68BBA5FC87A4F0" box="[655,817,928,951]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Tinea pyralella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775.
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<taxonomicName id="4C332EC20928FF9FFF70BBC5FE75A490" ID-CoL="94PFR" authority="Haworth, 1828: 590" authorityName="Haworth" authorityPageNumber="590" authorityYear="1828" box="[151,451,960,983]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Scopea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFF70BBC5FF52A490" box="[151,228,960,983]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Scopea</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9273500928FF9FFF0DBBC5FE75A490" author="Haworth" box="[234,451,960,983]" page="590" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1828">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA228B00928FF9FFF0DBBC5FE38A490" author="Haworth" box="[234,398,960,983]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Haworth, A. H. (1828) Lepidoptera Britannica, sistens digestionem novam Insectorum Lepidopterorum quae in Magna Britannia reperiuntur, larvarum pabulo, temporeque pascendi; expansione alarum, mensibusque volandi, synonymis atque locis observationibusque variis. Part IV. R. Taylor. London. 513 - 609 pp." type="book chapter" year="1828">Haworth, 1828</bibRefCitation>
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: 590
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Unnecessary replacement name for
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<taxonomicName id="4C332EC20928FF9FFCABBBC5FBE2A490" ID-CoL="92MKD" authority="Haworth, 1811" authorityName="Haworth" authorityYear="1811" box="[844,1108,960,983]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Scoparia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFCABBBC5FC1AA490" box="[844,940,960,983]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Scoparia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA228B00928FF9FFC54BBC5FBE2A490" author="Haworth" box="[947,1108,960,983]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Haworth, A. H. (1811) Lepidoptera Britannica, sistens digestionem novam Insectorum Lepidopterorum quae in Magna Britannia reperiuntur, larvarum pabulo, temporeque pascendi; expansione alarum, mensibusque volandi, synonymis atque locis observationibusque varisi. Part III. R. Taylor. London. 377 - 512 pp." type="book chapter" year="1811">Haworth, 1811</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C332EC20928FF9FFF70BBE5FEC2A4B0" authority="Gistel, 1848" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1848" box="[151,372,992,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phegea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFF70BBE5FF51A4B0" box="[151,231,992,1015]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Phegea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA228B00928FF9FFF0ABBE5FEC2A4B0" author="Gistel" box="[237,372,992,1015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Gistel, J. (1848) Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs. Hoffmann'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. Stuttgart. 216 pp, 32 pls." type="book" year="1848">Gistel, 1848</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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: ix. Unnecessary replacement name for
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<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFCF9BBE5FCCFA4B0" box="[798,889,992,1015]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Eudorea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA228B00928FF9FFC98BBE5FBB3A4B0" author="Curtis" box="[895,1029,992,1015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Curtis, J. (1827) British Entomology; being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland: containing coloured figures from nature of the most rare and beautiful species, and in many instances of the plant upon which they are found. London. 4, nos. 147 - 194 pls." type="journal article" year="1827">Curtis, 1827</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8C55410928FF9FFF70BC05FBA3A350" blockId="2.[151,1167,896,1143]" box="[151,1045,1024,1047]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFF70BC05FF49A350" box="[151,255,1024,1047]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Eudoroea</emphasis>
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Bruand, 1851: 26. Incorrect subsequent spelling of
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<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFCCEBC05FC32A350" box="[809,900,1024,1047]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Eudorea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA228B00928FF9FFC6DBC05FBA7A350" author="Curtis" box="[906,1041,1024,1047]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Curtis, J. (1827) British Entomology; being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland: containing coloured figures from nature of the most rare and beautiful species, and in many instances of the plant upon which they are found. London. 4, nos. 147 - 194 pls." type="journal article" year="1827">Curtis, 1827</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8C55410928FF9FFF70BC25FBACA370" blockId="2.[151,1167,896,1143]" box="[151,1050,1056,1079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFF70BC25FE99A370" box="[151,303,1056,1079]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Tetraprosopus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA228B00928FF9FFED2BC25FE08A370" author="Butler" box="[309,446,1056,1079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Butler, A. G. (1882) On a small collection of Lepidoptera from Melbourne. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, (5) 9, 84 - 103." type="journal article" year="1882">Butler, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 97.
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||
<typeStatus id="5488EBE30928FF9FFE17BC25FD93A370" box="[496,549,1056,1079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
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||
species:
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C332EC20928FF9FFD61BC25FBA1A370" ID-CoL="98JQF" authority="Butler, 1882" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1882" box="[646,1047,1056,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Tetraprosopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meyrickii">
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||
<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFD61BC25FC3FA370" box="[646,905,1056,1079]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Tetraprosopus meyrickii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA228B00928FF9FFC68BC25FBA1A370" author="Butler" box="[911,1047,1056,1079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Butler, A. G. (1882) On a small collection of Lepidoptera from Melbourne. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, (5) 9, 84 - 103." type="journal article" year="1882">Butler, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8B8C55410928FF9FFF70BC45FC5CA310" blockId="2.[151,1167,896,1143]" box="[151,1002,1088,1111]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFF70BC45FEBEA310" box="[151,264,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Xeroscopa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA228B00928FF9FFEE9BC45FE19A310" author="Meyrick" box="[270,431,1088,1111]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Meyrick, E. (1884) On the classification of the Australian Pyralidina. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 277 - 350." type="book chapter" year="1884">Meyrick, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 349.
|
||
<typeStatus id="5488EBE30928FF9FFE08BC45FD92A310" box="[495,548,1088,1111]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C332EC20928FF9FFD62BC45FC50A310" ID-CoL="79YQW" authority="Knaggs, 1867" authorityName="Knaggs" authorityYear="1867" box="[645,998,1088,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Scoparia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ejuncida">
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||
<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFD62BC45FCFEA310" box="[645,840,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Scoparia ejuncida</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA228B00928FF9FFCA8BC45FC50A310" author="Knaggs" box="[847,998,1088,1111]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Knaggs, H. G. (1867) Description of an hitherto unacknowledged species of Scoparia (S. ulmella, Dale, M. S.). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 3, 217." type="journal article" year="1867">Knaggs, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C55410928FF9FFF70BC65FB83A330" blockId="2.[151,1167,896,1143]" box="[151,1077,1119,1143]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB23726F0928FF9FFF70BC65FB83A330" box="[151,1077,1119,1143]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C332EC20928FF9FFF70BC65FE61A330" ID-CoL="92MV5" authority="Leraut, 1986: 128" authorityName="Leraut" authorityPageNumber="128" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,471,1120,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Sineudonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFF70BC65FEB9A330" box="[151,271,1120,1143]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Sineudonia</emphasis>
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9273500928FF9FFEF2BC65FE61A330" author="Leraut" box="[277,471,1120,1143]" page="128" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1986">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA228B00928FF9FFEF2BC65FE17A330" author="Leraut" box="[277,417,1120,1143]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Leraut, P. J. A. (1986) Contribution a l'etude des Scopariinae. 6. Dix nouveaux taxa, dont trois genres, de Chine et du nord de l'Inde (Lep. Crambidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, 3 (1), 123 - 131." type="journal article" year="1986">Leraut, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 128
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFE06BC5AFD9CA330" bold="true" box="[481,554,1119,1143]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">syn. n.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="5488EBE30928FF9FFDD6BC65FDD0A330" box="[561,614,1120,1143]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C332EC20928FF9FFD20BC65FB87A330" ID-CoL="6Z3DQ" authority="Leraut, 1986" authorityName="Leraut" authorityYear="1986" box="[711,1073,1120,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Sineudonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFD20BC65FC29A330" box="[711,927,1120,1143]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Sineudonia brunnea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA228B00928FF9FFC41BC65FB87A330" author="Leraut" box="[934,1073,1120,1143]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Leraut, P. J. A. (1986) Contribution a l'etude des Scopariinae. 6. Dix nouveaux taxa, dont trois genres, de Chine et du nord de l'Inde (Lep. Crambidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, 3 (1), 123 - 131." type="journal article" year="1986">Leraut, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32906CA0928FF9EFF70BCA2FDAAA6D5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C55410928FF9FFF70BCA2FAEFA210" blockId="2.[151,1437,1191,2002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFF70BCA2FEACA386" bold="true" box="[151,282,1191,1217]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32415D10928FF9FFEC4BCADFED7A385" box="[291,353,1192,1218]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Male</collectingCountry>
|
||
genitalia with long and thin costa, well-developed sacculus sclerotized conspicuously on dorsal margin, free distal process present, saccus broad and short. Wing pattern easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C332EC20928FF9FFF70BCF6FEEEA24B" authority="Guenee" authorityName="Guenee" box="[151,344,1266,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Cholius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFF70BCF6FF43A24B" box="[151,245,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Cholius</emphasis>
|
||
Guenée
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by typical scopariine pattern.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32415D10928FF9FFD2EBCF7FCB0A24B" box="[713,774,1266,1292]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Male</collectingCountry>
|
||
genitalia slightly disparted from other Chinese genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C332EC20928FF9FFF70BD1DFE2DA275" authority="Warren" authorityName="Warren" box="[151,411,1304,1330]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Micraglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFF70BD1DFE85A276" box="[151,307,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Micraglossa</emphasis>
|
||
Warren
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C332EC20928FF9FFE4FBD1DFD37A275" authority="Billberg" authorityName="Billberg" box="[424,641,1304,1330]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Eudonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFE4FBD1DFDA7A276" box="[424,529,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Eudonia</emphasis>
|
||
Billberg
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C332EC20928FF9FFD27BD1DFC0CA275" authority="Meyrick" authorityName="Meyrick" box="[704,954,1304,1330]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Dasyscopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFD27BD1DFCFFA276" box="[704,841,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Dasyscopa</emphasis>
|
||
Meyrick
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by developed sacculus and free distal process, from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C332EC20928FF9FFEDABD38FE51A210" authority="Leraut" authorityName="Leraut" box="[317,487,1341,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Hoenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFEDABD38FE22A211" box="[317,404,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Hoenia</emphasis>
|
||
Leraut
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by broad and short saccus, from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C332EC20928FF9FFC8BBD38FBF1A210" authority="Leraut" authorityName="Leraut" box="[876,1095,1341,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Caradjaina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFC8BBD38FC45A211" box="[876,1011,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Caradjaina</emphasis>
|
||
Leraut
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by thin and long costa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C55410928FF9FFF22BD67FBCEA1E0" blockId="2.[151,1437,1191,2002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94789530928FF9FFF22BD67FE0AA23B" bold="true" box="[197,444,1378,1404]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">General characters.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130849C40928FF9FFDF1BD67FDEDA23B" box="[534,603,1378,1404]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="6.[151,270,1320,1344]" captionTargetBox="[266,1311,201,1279]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,194,1299]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Scoparia sinensis Leraut, 1986: 1, adult; 2, tympanal organ, slide no. LWC 08048; 3, male genitalia (a, male genitalia capsule; b, phallus; c, cornuti), genitalia slide no. LWC 06251; 4, female genitalia, genitalia slide no. LWC 08048." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197784/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
): Forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CCBF8A40928FF9FFCDBBD67FC19A23B" box="[828,943,1378,1404]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="5.0">5–12 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Dorsal side of body usually covered with grey to brown scales, ventral side usually scaled white, sometimes tinged with pale brown. Head globular; frons flat. Ocellus and chaetosema present. Labial palpus porrect, with long downwards scales on ventral side of first and second segments. Maxillary palpus upright, distally brushlike. Antenna scaled dorsally, ciliated white ventrally. Forewing ground colour usually white, covered with grey, black and some ochreous scales; proximal discoidal stigma and cubital stigma placed on distal of antemedian line (collectively called antemedian stigmata); distal discoidal stigma X- or 8-shaped, usually connected with spot at costa; postmedian line usually bent towards distal discoidal stigma, then curved outwards; subterminal line generally incurved, meeting postmedian line, nearly X-shaped. Hindwing white to pale brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C55410928FF9FFF22BEB7FEDBA025" blockId="2.[151,1437,1191,2002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Tympanal organ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130849C40928FF9FFE70BEB7FE54A18B" box="[407,482,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="6.[151,270,1320,1344]" captionTargetBox="[266,1311,201,1279]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,194,1299]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Scoparia sinensis Leraut, 1986: 1, adult; 2, tympanal organ, slide no. LWC 08048; 3, male genitalia (a, male genitalia capsule; b, phallus; c, cornuti), genitalia slide no. LWC 06251; 4, female genitalia, genitalia slide no. LWC 08048." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197784/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
): Bulla tympani open, bean-shaped, inner margin usually convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly. Praecinctorium well developed. Tympanum and conjunctivum forming an angle. Pons tympani slender, usually reaching beyond posterior margin of first tergite. Lobulus well developed. Fornix tympani broad. Saccus tympani broad, rounded, usually extending to half of second sternite. Venula secunda reduced or absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C55410928FF9EFF22BF68FC6AA790" blockId="2.[151,1437,1191,2002]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,850]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32415D10928FF9FFF22BF68FEB7A0C0" box="[197,257,1901,1927]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Male</collectingCountry>
|
||
genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130849C40928FF9FFE98BF68FE71A0C0" box="[383,455,1901,1927]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="6.[151,270,1320,1344]" captionTargetBox="[266,1311,201,1279]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,194,1299]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Scoparia sinensis Leraut, 1986: 1, adult; 2, tympanal organ, slide no. LWC 08048; 3, male genitalia (a, male genitalia capsule; b, phallus; c, cornuti), genitalia slide no. LWC 06251; 4, female genitalia, genitalia slide no. LWC 08048." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197784/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
): Uncus usually narrowly triangular or ovate. Gnathos at base two-armed, attached to articulation of uncus and tegumen, distally often slender. Valva ovate, with various shape, setose, with a conspicuously developed sacculus, broad basally, tapering to free distal process. Juxta usually ovate, individually V-shaped. Saccus usually rounded anteriorly. Phallus varied in length and diameter; opening of ductus ejaculatorius anteriorly; cornutus different in number and shape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C55410929FF9EFF22B8E7FDAAA6D5" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,850]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Female genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130849C40929FF9EFE41B8E7FE42A7BB" box="[422,500,226,252]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="6.[151,270,1320,1344]" captionTargetBox="[266,1311,201,1279]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,194,1299]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Scoparia sinensis Leraut, 1986: 1, adult; 2, tympanal organ, slide no. LWC 08048; 3, male genitalia (a, male genitalia capsule; b, phallus; c, cornuti), genitalia slide no. LWC 06251; 4, female genitalia, genitalia slide no. LWC 08048." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197784/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
): Papilla anale broad and short, setose. Apophysis posterior and apophysis anterior long and thin. Tergite eight usually shorter than apophysis anterior. Ductus bursae varied in length, diameter and shape; ductus seminalis arising anterior to colliculum. Corpus bursae rounded or ovate; signum present or absent, if present, composed of granules; appendix bursae present or absent, if present, situated at anterior margin of corpus bursae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32906CA0929FF9EFF22B998FCC4A545" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C55410929FF9EFF22B998FCC4A545" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,850]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94789530929FF9EFF22B998FE9FA6F0" bold="true" box="[197,297,413,439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Larvae are known to feed on mosses and herbaceous seed plants. They have the habit of spinning silken web and staying at the web when not feeding (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA228B00929FF9EFCF9B9C7FC06A69B" author="Pimpl" box="[798,944,450,476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Pimpl, F. (1988) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Scopariinae (Pyraustidae). Die Entwicklungsbiologie von Scoparia ancipitella (La Harpe, 1855). Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, 32 (6), 249 - 252." type="journal article" year="1988">Pimpl 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA228B00929FF9EFC5AB9C7FBFBA69B" author="Bland" box="[957,1101,450,476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Bland, K. P. (1987) Scoparia ambigualis (Treits.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) - larva feeding on rootstock of Valerian. The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation, 99: 40 - 41." type="journal article" year="1987">Bland 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA228B00929FF9EFBBDB9C7FAA3A69B" author="Heckford" box="[1114,1301,450,476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Heckford, R. J. (2009) Notes on the early stages of Scoparia ambigualis (Treitschke, 1829) and Eudonia pallida (Curtis, 1827) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Entomologist's Gazette, 60 (4): 221 - 231." type="journal article" year="2009">Heckford 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C332EC20929FF9EFF70B9EDFEB7A546" box="[151,257,488,513]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Scoparia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94789530929FF9EFF70B9EDFEB7A546" box="[151,257,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Scoparia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are nocturnal and can be attracted by artificial lights.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32906CA0929FF9EFF22BA08FDF1A50B" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C55410929FF9EFF22BA08FDF1A50B" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,850]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94789530929FF9EFF22BA08FED3A560" bold="true" box="[197,357,525,551]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C332EC20929FF9EFE8BBA08FE60A561" box="[364,470,525,550]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Scoparia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94789530929FF9EFE8BBA08FE60A561" box="[364,470,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Scoparia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is represented on all continents except
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32415D10929FF9EFC47BA08FBACA560" box="[928,1050,525,551]" name="Antarctica" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
and many oceanic islands but do not occur in tropical lowland forests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32906CA0929FF9EFF22BA52FBC0A415" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C55410929FF9EFF22BA52FEE8A5FB" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,850]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94789530929FF9EFF22BA52FE88A536" bold="true" box="[197,318,599,625]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C332EC20929FF9EFEA2BA5DFDD0A535" authority="Leraut, 1986" authorityName="Leraut" authorityYear="1986" box="[325,614,600,626]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Sineudonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94789530929FF9EFEA2BA5DFE7FA536" box="[325,457,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Sineudonia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA228B00929FF9EFE37BA5DFDD0A535" author="Leraut" box="[464,614,600,626]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Leraut, P. J. A. (1986) Contribution a l'etude des Scopariinae. 6. Dix nouveaux taxa, dont trois genres, de Chine et du nord de l'Inde (Lep. Crambidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, 3 (1), 123 - 131." type="journal article" year="1986">Leraut, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94789530929FF9EFD8BBA52FD0BA536" bold="true" box="[620,701,599,625]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">syn. n.</emphasis>
|
||
is here synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C332EC20929FF9EFC11BA5DFAA0A535" authority="Haworth, 1811" authorityName="Haworth" authorityYear="1811" box="[1014,1302,600,626]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Scoparia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94789530929FF9EFC11BA5DFBD6A536" box="[1014,1120,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Scoparia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA228B00929FF9EFB80BA5DFAA0A535" author="Haworth" box="[1127,1302,600,626]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Haworth, A. H. (1811) Lepidoptera Britannica, sistens digestionem novam Insectorum Lepidopterorum quae in Magna Britannia reperiuntur, larvarum pabulo, temporeque pascendi; expansione alarum, mensibusque volandi, synonymis atque locis observationibusque varisi. Part III. R. Taylor. London. 377 - 512 pp." type="book chapter" year="1811">Haworth, 1811</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because its
|
||
<typeStatus id="5488EBE30929FF9EFF70BA78FF7DA5D0" box="[151,203,637,663]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C332EC20929FF9EFED4BA78FD7DA5D0" authority="Leraut, 1986" authorityName="Leraut" authorityYear="1986" box="[307,715,637,663]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Sineudonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94789530929FF9EFED4BA78FD9EA5D1" box="[307,552,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Sineudonia brunnea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA228B00929FF9EFDD7BA78FD7DA5D0" author="Leraut" box="[560,715,637,663]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Leraut, P. J. A. (1986) Contribution a l'etude des Scopariinae. 6. Dix nouveaux taxa, dont trois genres, de Chine et du nord de l'Inde (Lep. Crambidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, 3 (1), 123 - 131." type="journal article" year="1986">Leraut, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is transferred to this genus (see
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C332EC20929FF9EFBBEBA78FF6DA5FB" authority="Leraut, 1986" authorityName="Leraut" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Scoparia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94789530929FF9EFBBEBA78FA85A5D1" box="[1113,1331,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Scoparia brunnea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA228B00929FF9EFAA4BA78FF65A5FB" author="Leraut" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Leraut, P. J. A. (1986) Contribution a l'etude des Scopariinae. 6. Dix nouveaux taxa, dont trois genres, de Chine et du nord de l'Inde (Lep. Crambidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, 3 (1), 123 - 131." type="journal article" year="1986">Leraut, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27434280929FF9EFF04BAA7FEFBA5FB" box="[227,333,674,700]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94789530929FF9EFF04BAA7FEFBA5FB" bold="true" box="[227,333,674,700]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">comb. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C55410929FF9EFF22BACDFBC0A415" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,850]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
All the members of the genus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C332EC20929FF9EFDA3BACDFD18A5A6" box="[580,686,712,737]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Scoparia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94789530929FF9EFDA3BACDFD18A5A6" box="[580,686,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Scoparia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bear a long and thin costa, have a well-developed sacculus with conspicuously sclerotized dorsal margin and a free distal process, and have a broad and short saccus in the male genitalia. The new species are assigned to this genus based on the above characters. All these characters are regarded as potential synapomorphies of the genus through our own observation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |