495 lines
72 KiB
XML
495 lines
72 KiB
XML
<document id="1DE5748C6D3FB9C75CBBB345A414FC40" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.14662132" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14662132" ID-ZooBank="5671A77B-2ECB-445F-8F61-246A9E442CDE" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1736984354913" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Eya, Bryan K." docDate="2024" docId="038487F80254FFA0FF140EB4FC1EF94A" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2024.1061.1-94.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2024 (61)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.4:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Zalophia Casey 1912" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="FFBDFF80025AFFB0FFD40F39FFE9FFB1" masterDocTitle="Revision of trachyderines related to Sphaenothecus from North America with description of three new genera, and new species of Lophalia Casey, 1912, Mannophorus LeConte, 1854, and Ischnocnemis Thomson, 1864 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Trachyderini)" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1736985555110" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="06286CE0B67E593F275D979F0A760F38">
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<mods:title id="2C9537B188DA91875B6F37E46950F162">Revision of trachyderines related to Sphaenothecus from North America with description of three new genera, and new species of Lophalia Casey, 1912, Mannophorus LeConte, 1854, and Ischnocnemis Thomson, 1864 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Trachyderini)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C5B1C962F0790FA99C681543692EE30C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="71F1666001F2F3E748E7CA9C00D574C7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="FBE5B956FFB059A54BAD70A39E2D6B49">Eya, Bryan K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="857E685979FF08F31E06B22D19855FE0">California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6C19201620000E23EDDBEF211A058689">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="729EAE0A689DCEE1203FD886118D6C11">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F83867630722DC771C3B458CA435168A">
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<mods:date id="8CC7FFDCE79E70C6A388F8BB4112DA00">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5775DBF372EA21B753DA3922089C4E39">2024-07-26</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F32B3567A7A51C1C3BFA2579FDC7A6A1" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="169230B06FF242D312DFF4A5F4100191">2024</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="EADB6A4BDC20F2A7496FC231825B80C7" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="3CBE09F4BABDE7DD8448E7CAD79B1715">61</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="A4505D19A5FA88259E943B10BE2CB16F" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="48F162C06F23CAE6093C4039098DEDC1">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="5513D16257D82D3ED460DD15635492D0">94</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="B89F22100681AC20F7D24D86ED094586">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CA974F79DF9D54A5A0C820A83036ABEE" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.14662132</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EBD101FEB987C29AD9C31B06BBC87235" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E41B8BD268D1DC87E9D82189C2D8E79E" type="Zenodo-Dep">14662132</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="038487F80254FFA0FF140EB4FC1EF94A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487F80254FFA0FF140EB4FC1EF94A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038487F80254FFA0FF140EB4FC1EF94A" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection id="C33765650254FFBEFF140EB4FE27FE1B" box="[192,462,397,426]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9236EE0254FFBEFF140EB4FE27FE1B" blockId="14.[192,462,397,426]" box="[192,462,397,426]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
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<heading id="D0DA81820254FFBEFF140EB4FE27FE1B" box="[192,462,397,426]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0254FFBEFF140EB4FE27FE1B" ID-CoL="648TG" authority="Casey, 1912" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1912" box="[192,462,397,426]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Zalophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0254FFBEFF140EB4FE27FE1B" bold="true" box="[192,462,397,426]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0254FFBEFF140EB4FEDAFE1B" bold="true" box="[192,307,397,426]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Zalophia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B1F0254FFBEFEED0EB4FE27FE1B" author="Casey TL" box="[313,462,397,426]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="215 - 376" refId="ref69930" refString="Casey TL. 1912. Studies in the Longicornia of North America. Memoirs on the Coleoptera 3: 215 - 376." type="journal article" year="1912">Casey, 1912</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33765650254FFBEFF140E80FCACFE62" box="[192,837,441,467]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8B9236EE0254FFBEFF140E80FCACFE62" blockId="14.[192,837,441,467]" box="[192,837,441,467]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0254FFBEFF140E80FEB0FE62" bold="true" box="[192,345,441,467]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
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<typeStatus id="5496884C0254FFBEFF140E80FF10FE62" box="[192,249,441,467]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0254FFBEFE8B0E80FD43FE62" ID-CoL="5CV4Q" authority="Casey, 1912" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1912" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[351,682,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Zalophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funebris">
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0254FFBEFE8B0E80FDC9FE62" box="[351,544,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Zalophia funebris</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B1F0254FFBEFDF30E80FD43FE62" author="Casey TL" box="[551,682,441,467]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="215 - 376" refId="ref69930" refString="Casey TL. 1912. Studies in the Longicornia of North America. Memoirs on the Coleoptera 3: 215 - 376." type="journal article" year="1912">Casey, 1912</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(monobasic).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33765650254FFBEFF340EDDFD29FE4D" box="[224,704,484,508]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9236EE0254FFBEFF340EDDFD29FE4D" blockId="14.[224,704,484,508]" box="[224,704,484,508]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3D11C00254FFBEFF340EDDFD29FE4D" box="[224,704,484,508]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8C10FF0254FFBEFF340EDDFE0AFE4D" author="Casey TL" box="[224,483,484,508]" page="333" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" year="1912">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0254FFBEFF340EDDFE0AFE4D" ID-CoL="648TG" authority="Casey 1912: 333" authorityName="Casey" authorityPageNumber="333" authorityYear="1912" box="[224,483,484,508]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Zalophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0254FFBEFF340EDDFED0FE4D" box="[224,313,484,508]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Zalophia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B1F0254FFBEFEEB0EDDFE0AFE4D" author="Casey TL" box="[319,483,484,508]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="215 - 376" refId="ref69930" refString="Casey TL. 1912. Studies in the Longicornia of North America. Memoirs on the Coleoptera 3: 215 - 376." type="journal article" year="1912">Casey 1912: 333</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 335; Monné 1994: 80
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33765650254FFBFFF140D32FCB2FAC0" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9236EE0254FFBFFF140D32FCB2FAC0" blockId="14.[191,1442,523,853]" lastBlockId="15.[192,1443,1165,1897]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0254FFBEFF140D32FE5AFD97" bold="true" box="[192,435,523,550]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Redescription. Form</emphasis>
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moderate sized, slightly tapered posteriorly.
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0254FFBEFC670D35FC18FD97" bold="true" box="[947,1009,524,550]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Head</emphasis>
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with front short, declivous in middle, mid-cranial sulcus narrow, deep, extending from postclypeus to anterior margins of upper eye lobes; pubescence moderately dense; genae prominent, anterior margins of lower eye lobe separated from base of mandibles; palpi short, subequal, last segment ovate, not expanded, apices truncate, sides vaguely impressed; mandibles with apices simple; eyes moderately large, finely faceted, upper lobe small, well separated, lower lobe large; antennal tubercles prominent, divergent; integument between tubercles deeply impressed; antennae elongate, 11-segmented, basal antennomeres I–V short, stout, cylindrical, densely clothed with short, suberect setae, scape conical, 11
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<superScript id="7C589BA60254FFBEFA970DECFAB8FD52" attach="left" box="[1347,1361,725,739]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">th</superScript>
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antennomere slender with apical fourth to third vaguely appendiculate.
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0254FFBEFC4F0DCEFBFAFCA0" bold="true" box="[923,1043,759,785]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Pronotum</emphasis>
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tapered apically, broader than long, narrower than base of elytra at humeri, sides broadly rounded or tuberculate on basal half, disc densely clothed; prosternum with intercoxal process level with coxae, apex abruptly declivous behind, procoxal cavities wide open behind; mesosternum with intercoxal process prominent, protuberant above coxae, abruptly declivous and excavate anteriorly; posterior margins with sides vaguely overlapping mesocoxae.
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFBE80B97FB5BFB79" bold="true" box="[1084,1202,1198,1224]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Scutellum</emphasis>
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triangular, attenuate apically, longer than wide to as long as wide.
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFD630BE9FD16FB5B" bold="true" box="[695,767,1232,1258]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Elytra</emphasis>
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each with two longitudinal glabrous ivory-like vittae; apices sinuate truncate with outer angle unarmed or angulate, sutural angle minutely dentate.
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFB4A0BCBFB3AFABD" bold="true" box="[1182,1235,1266,1292]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Legs</emphasis>
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moderately short; metafemora falling far short of elytral apices in both sexes; metatarsomere I subequal to tarsomeres II and III combined.
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFEEB0A0CFE5AFAFE" bold="true" box="[319,435,1333,1359]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Abdomen</emphasis>
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normally segmented. The following species are included in
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0255FFBFFBB60A0CFB2BFAFE" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1912" box="[1122,1218,1333,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Zalophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFBB60A0CFB2BFAFE" box="[1122,1218,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Zalophia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0255FFBFFB050A0FFA4AFAFE" authority="(Bates)" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1912" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[1233,1443,1333,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Zalophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funebris">
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFB050A0FFAA0FAFE" box="[1233,1353,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Z. funebris</emphasis>
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(Bates)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0255FFBFFF240A6EFD6AFAC1" authority="(Chemsak and Linsley)" authorityName="Eya" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Chemsak and Linsley" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[240,643,1366,1392]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Zalophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auricomis" status="new combination">
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFF240A6EFE93FAC1" box="[240,378,1367,1392]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Z. auricomis</emphasis>
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(Chemsak and Linsley)
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFD5E0A6EFCBDFAC1" bold="true" box="[650,852,1366,1393]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A57870255FFBFFD5E0A6EFCBDFAC1" box="[650,852,1366,1393]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF5266660254FFBEFF6B09CDFD01F837" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14662155" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14662155" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14662155/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" startId="14.[191,270,1780,1804]" targetBox="[192,1440,917,1751]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8B9236EE0254FFBEFF6B09CDFD01F837" blockId="14.[191,1443,1780,1926]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0254FFBEFF6B09CDFEB6F8BD" bold="true" box="[191,351,1780,1804]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Figures 29–31.</emphasis>
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Characteristics of mesosternal intercoxal process of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0254FFBEFC4E09CDFBC5F8BD" authorityName="Dupont" authorityYear="1838" box="[922,1068,1780,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sphaenothecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0254FFBEFC4E09CDFBC5F8BD" box="[922,1068,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Sphaenothecus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-like trachyderine.
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0254FFBEFB2209CDFAF1F8BD" bold="true" box="[1270,1304,1780,1804]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">29)</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0254FFBEFAF009CDFDFCF89A" authority="Chevrolat. Lateral" authorityName="Chevrolat. Lateral" authorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Cyphosterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrilineatum">
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0254FFBEFAF009CDFEB2F89A" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Cyphosterna quadrilineatum</emphasis>
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Chevrolat. Lateral
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</taxonomicName>
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profile
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0254FFBEFDB4082BFD7EF89B" bold="true" box="[608,663,1810,1834]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">(29a)</emphasis>
|
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and lateral-tilted profile
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0254FFBEFC44082BFC21F89B" bold="true" box="[912,968,1810,1834]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">(29b)</emphasis>
|
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0254FFBEFC33082AFB77F89A" authorityName="Chevrolat. Lateral" authorityYear="1862" box="[999,1182,1811,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Cyphosterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrilineatum">
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0254FFBEFC33082AFB77F89A" box="[999,1182,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">C. quadrilineatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with mesosternal process protuberant above mesocoxae (red arrows).
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0254FFBEFD5D0808FD42F8F8" bold="true" box="[649,683,1841,1865]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">30)</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0254FFBEFD640808FBFBF8F8" authority="Thomson" authorityName="Thomson" box="[688,1042,1841,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Ischnocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costipennis">
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0254FFBEFD640808FC41F8F8" box="[688,936,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Ischnocnemis costipennis</emphasis>
|
||
Thomson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
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and
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0254FFBEFB930808FB83F8F8" bold="true" box="[1095,1130,1841,1865]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">31)</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0254FFBEFBBB0808FEEFF8D6" authority="LeConte. Lateral" authorityName="LeConte. Lateral" authorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Mannophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetus">
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0254FFBEFBBB0808FAD5F8F8" box="[1135,1340,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Mannophorus laetus</emphasis>
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LeConte. Lateral
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</taxonomicName>
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profiles
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0254FFBEFE8E0876FE28F8D6" bold="true" box="[346,449,1871,1895]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">(30a, 31a)</emphasis>
|
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and lateral-tilted profiles
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<emphasis id="B959EAFC0254FFBEFD170876FCC4F8D6" bold="true" box="[707,813,1871,1895]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">(30b, 31b)</emphasis>
|
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0254FFBEFC980869FC22F8D6" box="[844,971,1872,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Ischnocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0254FFBEFC980869FC22F8D6" box="[844,971,1872,1895]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">I. costipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0254FFBEFC2F0869FBBFF8D6" authorityName="LeConte. Lateral" authorityYear="1854" box="[1019,1110,1871,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Mannophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0254FFBEFC2F0869FBBFF8D6" box="[1019,1110,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">M. laetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with non-protuberant mesosternal process that are level with mesocoxae (red arrows).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5266660255FFBFFF160C52FBA2FB88" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14662159" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14662159" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14662159/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" startId="15.[194,273,875,899]" targetBox="[193,1439,229,855]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9236EE0255FFBFFF160C52FBA2FB88" blockId="15.[193,1442,875,1081]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFF160C52FEB2FC32" bold="true" box="[194,347,875,899]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Figures 32–35.</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0255FFBFFE370C52FD9CFC32" authorityName="Dupont" authorityYear="1838" box="[483,629,875,899]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sphaenothecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFE370C52FD9CFC32" box="[483,629,875,899]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Sphaenothecus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like trachyderine with protuberant mesosternal process.
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFB7A0C52FB39FC32" bold="true" box="[1198,1232,875,899]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">32)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0255FFBFFB020C52FE6DFC10" authority="Chevrolat" authorityName="Chevrolat. Lateral" authorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Cyphosterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrilineatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFB020C52FEF2FC10" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Cyphosterna quadrilineatum</emphasis>
|
||
Chevrolat
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with pronotum
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFDFF0CB0FD8BFC10" bold="true" box="[555,610,905,929]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">(32a)</emphasis>
|
||
broad, inflated, laterally excavated (yellow arrows), sides tuberculate (red arrows), and base transversely excavate (red bracket) with prominent dorsal callus
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFC650C9EFC00FC0E" bold="true" box="[945,1001,935,959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">(32b)</emphasis>
|
||
on posterior half (red arrow).
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFAF50C9EFAAAFC0E" bold="true" box="[1313,1347,935,959]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">33)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0255FFBFFA9D0C91FEB7FC6F" authority="(Bates)" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1912" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1880" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Zalophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funebris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFA9D0C91FEFAFC6F" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Zalophia funebris</emphasis>
|
||
(Bates)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with sides obtusely angulate and integument densely pubescent
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFC350CFFFBF1FC6F" bold="true" box="[993,1048,966,990]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">(33a)</emphasis>
|
||
, disc convex, lacking prominent callus, basal
|
||
<superScript id="7C589BA60255FFBFFF2F0CDAFEEBFC40" attach="right" box="[251,258,995,1009]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">2</superScript>
|
||
/
|
||
<superScript id="7C589BA60255FFBFFEC60CDAFEF6FC40" attach="right" box="[274,287,995,1009]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">rd</superScript>
|
||
depressed
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFE5B0CDDFE2EFC4D" bold="true" box="[399,455,996,1020]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">(33b)</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFE070CDDFE1CFC4D" bold="true" box="[467,501,996,1020]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">34)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0255FFBFFE2F0CDDFCCCFC4C" authority="(Dupont)" baseAuthorityName="Dupont" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[507,805,996,1021]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Lophalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFE2F0CDDFD56FC4D" box="[507,703,996,1020]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Lophalia cyanicollis</emphasis>
|
||
(Dupont)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with sides rounded, unarmed, disc sparsely clothed
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFAE30CDDFA84FC4D" bold="true" box="[1335,1389,996,1020]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">(34a)</emphasis>
|
||
, disc
|
||
<subScript id="17A934AB0255FFBFFEDE0CC8FEF8FC4E" attach="left" box="[266,273,1009,1023]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">3</subScript>
|
||
convex, lacking callus, basal
|
||
<superScript id="7C589BA60255FFBFFE350B3BFE01FBA1" attach="right" box="[481,488,1026,1040]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">2</superScript>
|
||
/
|
||
<superScript id="7C589BA60255FFBFFE2C0B3BFDECFBA1" attach="right" box="[504,517,1026,1040]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">rd</superScript>
|
||
flattened
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFDBD0B3AFD48FBAA" bold="true" box="[617,673,1027,1051]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">(34b)</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFD790B3AFD26FBAA" bold="true" box="[685,719,1027,1051]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">35)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0255FFBFFD010B3AFB8FFBAA" authority="(Bates, 1885)" authorityName="Eya" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Chemsak and Noguera" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[725,1126,1027,1051]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Lophaliamorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteicollis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFD010B3AFC34FBAA" box="[725,989,1027,1051]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Lophaliamorpha luteicollis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B1F0255FFBFFC3E0B3AFBB7FBAA" author="Bates HW" box="[1002,1118,1027,1051]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" refId="ref69673" refString="Bates HW. 1885. Supplement to Longicornia. p. 225 - 436 pls. XVII - XXIV. In: Bates HW, Sharp D. Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta, Coleoptera, Vol. 5 Porter RH.; London; xii + 526 p. + 26 pl." type="book" year="1885">Bates, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFBB80B3AFB34FBAA" bold="true" box="[1132,1245,1027,1051]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A57870255FFBFFBB80B3AFB34FBAA" box="[1132,1245,1027,1051]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
with sides obtusely
|
||
<subScript id="17A934AB0255FFBFFE250B36FE11FBAC" attach="left" box="[497,504,1039,1053]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">3</subScript>
|
||
angulate, disc sparsely clothed
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFE2C0B18FDC6FB88" bold="true" box="[504,559,1057,1081]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">(35a)</emphasis>
|
||
, basal half of pronotum impressed (red arrow)
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFBD80B18FBACFB88" bold="true" box="[1036,1093,1057,1081]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">(35b)</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33765650255FFA0FED40A41FC1EF94A" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9236EE0255FFA0FED40A41FD47F9A1" blockId="15.[192,1443,1165,1897]" lastBlockId="16.[191,1442,1459,1788]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFED40A41FE6EFA23" bold="true" box="[256,391,1400,1426]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0255FFBFFE590A41FDD1FA23" authority="Casey" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1912" box="[397,568,1400,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Zalophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFE590A41FE06FA23" box="[397,495,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Zalophia</emphasis>
|
||
Casey
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0255FFBFFC700A41FBACFA23" authorityName="Dupont" authorityYear="1838" box="[932,1093,1400,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sphaenothecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFC700A41FBACFA23" box="[932,1093,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Sphaenothecus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like trachyderines by the combination of the following characters: (1) head and pronotum densely clothed with long, pale, erect setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13162A6B0255FFBFFAA10AA3FEEEFA64" captionStart="Figures 40–51" captionStartId="18.[192,271,1199,1223]" captionTargetBox="[193,1440,233,1170]" captionTargetId="figure-202@18.[192,1440,229,1170]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figures 40–51. Zalophia funebris (Bates), dorsal and lateral images: 40–41) Male, 14 mm., GTM. 42–43) Female, 15 mm., Capital de Guatemala, GTM. Head:44) Frontal image.45) Lateral profile.46) Frontolateral profile. Pronotum:47) Disc, sides broadly angulate with small tubercles, apical half with keeled median line (red arrow) terminating as callus (yellow arrow). 48) Disc, frontolateral image, keel (red arrow), callus (yellow arrow). Thorax lateral image: 49) Mesosternal intercoxal process protuberant (red arrow). Elytra: 50) Apices, outer angle, angulate, unarmed (blue arrow), subsutural vitta (red arrow), submarginal vitta (yellow arrow). 51) Lateral profile, humerus (green arrow), each elytron with submarginal vitta beginning from basal fifth of elytra behind humerus (yellow arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14662165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14662165/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Fig. 44–49</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13162A6B0255FFBFFEC10A82FEB4FA67" box="[277,349,1467,1494]" captionStart="Figures 52–64" captionStartId="20.[192,271,1198,1222]" captionTargetBox="[193,1440,230,1167]" captionTargetId="figure-171@20.[192,1440,229,1168]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figures 52–64. Zalophia auricomis (Chemsak and Linsley, 1979) comb. nov., dorsal and lateral images: 52) Male, paratype, 13 mm, El Taladro, HND. 53) Male, holotype, 13 mm, Yoro, HND. 54–55) Female, paratype, 15 mm, Omoa, HND. Head: 56) Frontal image. 57) Lateral profile. 58) Frontolateral profile. Pronotum: 59) Disc with appressed golden pubescence, and glabrous longitudinal median line (red arrow), and sides rounded. 60) Disc, frontolateral image, longitudinal median line (red arrow).Thorax lateral image:61) Mesosternal intercoxal process protuberant (red arrow). Elytra:62) Apices, outer angle, unarmed, angulate (blue arrow), subsutural vitta (red arrow), submarginal vitta (green arrow). 63) Lateral profile, humerus (yellow arrow), submarginal vitta beginning behind humerus (green arrow). Metatarsi: 64) Metatarsomeres stout, broad, tarsomere 1 (T1) shorter (red bracket) than tarsomeres 2+3 (T2+3), (T1/ T2+3: 0.78)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14662167" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14662167/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">56–61</figureCitation>
|
||
); (2) front that is declivous with prominent and divergent antennal tubercles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13162A6B0255FFBFFB3D0A82FAD5FA64" box="[1257,1340,1467,1493]" captionStart="Figures 40–51" captionStartId="18.[192,271,1199,1223]" captionTargetBox="[193,1440,233,1170]" captionTargetId="figure-202@18.[192,1440,229,1170]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figures 40–51. Zalophia funebris (Bates), dorsal and lateral images: 40–41) Male, 14 mm., GTM. 42–43) Female, 15 mm., Capital de Guatemala, GTM. Head:44) Frontal image.45) Lateral profile.46) Frontolateral profile. Pronotum:47) Disc, sides broadly angulate with small tubercles, apical half with keeled median line (red arrow) terminating as callus (yellow arrow). 48) Disc, frontolateral image, keel (red arrow), callus (yellow arrow). Thorax lateral image: 49) Mesosternal intercoxal process protuberant (red arrow). Elytra: 50) Apices, outer angle, angulate, unarmed (blue arrow), subsutural vitta (red arrow), submarginal vitta (yellow arrow). 51) Lateral profile, humerus (green arrow), each elytron with submarginal vitta beginning from basal fifth of elytra behind humerus (yellow arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14662165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14662165/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13162A6B0255FFBFFA9E0A82FA81FA67" box="[1354,1384,1467,1494]" captionStart="Figures 52–64" captionStartId="20.[192,271,1198,1222]" captionTargetBox="[193,1440,230,1167]" captionTargetId="figure-171@20.[192,1440,229,1168]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figures 52–64. Zalophia auricomis (Chemsak and Linsley, 1979) comb. nov., dorsal and lateral images: 52) Male, paratype, 13 mm, El Taladro, HND. 53) Male, holotype, 13 mm, Yoro, HND. 54–55) Female, paratype, 15 mm, Omoa, HND. Head: 56) Frontal image. 57) Lateral profile. 58) Frontolateral profile. Pronotum: 59) Disc with appressed golden pubescence, and glabrous longitudinal median line (red arrow), and sides rounded. 60) Disc, frontolateral image, longitudinal median line (red arrow).Thorax lateral image:61) Mesosternal intercoxal process protuberant (red arrow). Elytra:62) Apices, outer angle, unarmed, angulate (blue arrow), subsutural vitta (red arrow), submarginal vitta (green arrow). 63) Lateral profile, humerus (yellow arrow), submarginal vitta beginning behind humerus (green arrow). Metatarsi: 64) Metatarsomeres stout, broad, tarsomere 1 (T1) shorter (red bracket) than tarsomeres 2+3 (T2+3), (T1/ T2+3: 0.78)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14662167" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14662167/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">58</figureCitation>
|
||
); (3) antennomeres I–V that are cylindrical, short, stout, and densely clothed with suberect setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13162A6B0255FFBFFB270AE4FA98FA46" box="[1267,1393,1501,1527]" captionStart="Figures 24–28" captionStartId="12.[192,271,627,651]" captionTargetBox="[198,1437,231,589]" captionTargetId="figure-619@12.[192,1440,229,597]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 24–28. Variable characters of Sphaenothecus. 24) Sphaenothecus bilineatus (Gory) with (24a) apex of mandible narrowly emarginate (red arrow), and each elytron (24b) with two longitudinal ivory costae (red arrows). 25) Sphaenothecus trilineatus Dupont with each elytron (25a) with two longitudinal, densely appressed pubescent vittae (red arrows). 26) Sphaenothecus picticornis Bates, 27) Zalophia funebris(Bates), and 28) Zalophia auricomis(Chemsak and Linsley) comb. nov. with densely pubescent antennomeres 1–3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14662153" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14662153/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Fig. 27, 28</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13162A6B0255FFBFFAAB0AE4FF37F9A9" captionStart="Figures 65–68" captionStartId="21.[192,271,1089,1113]" captionTargetBox="[193,1440,229,1059]" captionTargetId="figure-315@21.[192,1440,229,1059]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figures 65–68. Antennae of Sphaenothecus-like trachyderines with protuberant mesosternal process. 65) Zalophia funebris (Bates) male, GTM. 66) Zalophia auricomis (Chemsak and Linsley, 1979) comb. nov., male, El Taladro, HND. 67) Lophalia cyanicollis (Dupont), male, Tamaulipas, MEX 68) Lophaliamorpha luteicollis (Bates, 1885) comb. nov., male, Jalisco, MEX. 65–66) Antennomeres I–V short, stout, densely clothed with suberect setae. 67–68) Antennomeres I–V slender, elongate, clothed with minute, dark, setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14662169" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14662169/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">65, 66</figureCitation>
|
||
); (4) mesosternal intercoxal process that is protuberant above mesocoxae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13162A6B0255FFBFFBF20AC7FB9FF9A8" box="[1062,1142,1534,1561]" captionStart="Figures 40–51" captionStartId="18.[192,271,1199,1223]" captionTargetBox="[193,1440,233,1170]" captionTargetId="figure-202@18.[192,1440,229,1170]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figures 40–51. Zalophia funebris (Bates), dorsal and lateral images: 40–41) Male, 14 mm., GTM. 42–43) Female, 15 mm., Capital de Guatemala, GTM. Head:44) Frontal image.45) Lateral profile.46) Frontolateral profile. Pronotum:47) Disc, sides broadly angulate with small tubercles, apical half with keeled median line (red arrow) terminating as callus (yellow arrow). 48) Disc, frontolateral image, keel (red arrow), callus (yellow arrow). Thorax lateral image: 49) Mesosternal intercoxal process protuberant (red arrow). Elytra: 50) Apices, outer angle, angulate, unarmed (blue arrow), subsutural vitta (red arrow), submarginal vitta (yellow arrow). 51) Lateral profile, humerus (green arrow), each elytron with submarginal vitta beginning from basal fifth of elytra behind humerus (yellow arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14662165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14662165/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13162A6B0255FFBFFB560AC7FB76F9A9" box="[1154,1183,1534,1560]" captionStart="Figures 52–64" captionStartId="20.[192,271,1198,1222]" captionTargetBox="[193,1440,230,1167]" captionTargetId="figure-171@20.[192,1440,229,1168]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figures 52–64. Zalophia auricomis (Chemsak and Linsley, 1979) comb. nov., dorsal and lateral images: 52) Male, paratype, 13 mm, El Taladro, HND. 53) Male, holotype, 13 mm, Yoro, HND. 54–55) Female, paratype, 15 mm, Omoa, HND. Head: 56) Frontal image. 57) Lateral profile. 58) Frontolateral profile. Pronotum: 59) Disc with appressed golden pubescence, and glabrous longitudinal median line (red arrow), and sides rounded. 60) Disc, frontolateral image, longitudinal median line (red arrow).Thorax lateral image:61) Mesosternal intercoxal process protuberant (red arrow). Elytra:62) Apices, outer angle, unarmed, angulate (blue arrow), subsutural vitta (red arrow), submarginal vitta (green arrow). 63) Lateral profile, humerus (yellow arrow), submarginal vitta beginning behind humerus (green arrow). Metatarsi: 64) Metatarsomeres stout, broad, tarsomere 1 (T1) shorter (red bracket) than tarsomeres 2+3 (T2+3), (T1/ T2+3: 0.78)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14662167" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14662167/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">61</figureCitation>
|
||
); (5) each elytron with a broad, glabrous, subsutural longitudinal yellowish vitta almost attaining apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13162A6B0255FFBFFB910919FB7CF98A" box="[1093,1173,1568,1595]" captionStart="Figures 40–51" captionStartId="18.[192,271,1199,1223]" captionTargetBox="[193,1440,233,1170]" captionTargetId="figure-202@18.[192,1440,229,1170]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figures 40–51. Zalophia funebris (Bates), dorsal and lateral images: 40–41) Male, 14 mm., GTM. 42–43) Female, 15 mm., Capital de Guatemala, GTM. Head:44) Frontal image.45) Lateral profile.46) Frontolateral profile. Pronotum:47) Disc, sides broadly angulate with small tubercles, apical half with keeled median line (red arrow) terminating as callus (yellow arrow). 48) Disc, frontolateral image, keel (red arrow), callus (yellow arrow). Thorax lateral image: 49) Mesosternal intercoxal process protuberant (red arrow). Elytra: 50) Apices, outer angle, angulate, unarmed (blue arrow), subsutural vitta (red arrow), submarginal vitta (yellow arrow). 51) Lateral profile, humerus (green arrow), each elytron with submarginal vitta beginning from basal fifth of elytra behind humerus (yellow arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14662165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14662165/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13162A6B0255FFBFFB750919FB56F98B" box="[1185,1215,1568,1594]" captionStart="Figures 52–64" captionStartId="20.[192,271,1198,1222]" captionTargetBox="[193,1440,230,1167]" captionTargetId="figure-171@20.[192,1440,229,1168]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figures 52–64. Zalophia auricomis (Chemsak and Linsley, 1979) comb. nov., dorsal and lateral images: 52) Male, paratype, 13 mm, El Taladro, HND. 53) Male, holotype, 13 mm, Yoro, HND. 54–55) Female, paratype, 15 mm, Omoa, HND. Head: 56) Frontal image. 57) Lateral profile. 58) Frontolateral profile. Pronotum: 59) Disc with appressed golden pubescence, and glabrous longitudinal median line (red arrow), and sides rounded. 60) Disc, frontolateral image, longitudinal median line (red arrow).Thorax lateral image:61) Mesosternal intercoxal process protuberant (red arrow). Elytra:62) Apices, outer angle, unarmed, angulate (blue arrow), subsutural vitta (red arrow), submarginal vitta (green arrow). 63) Lateral profile, humerus (yellow arrow), submarginal vitta beginning behind humerus (green arrow). Metatarsi: 64) Metatarsomeres stout, broad, tarsomere 1 (T1) shorter (red bracket) than tarsomeres 2+3 (T2+3), (T1/ T2+3: 0.78)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14662167" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14662167/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">62</figureCitation>
|
||
), and a narrow submarginal vitta beginning behind humerus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13162A6B0255FFBFFD7A097BFD16F9EC" box="[686,767,1602,1629]" captionStart="Figures 40–51" captionStartId="18.[192,271,1199,1223]" captionTargetBox="[193,1440,233,1170]" captionTargetId="figure-202@18.[192,1440,229,1170]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figures 40–51. Zalophia funebris (Bates), dorsal and lateral images: 40–41) Male, 14 mm., GTM. 42–43) Female, 15 mm., Capital de Guatemala, GTM. Head:44) Frontal image.45) Lateral profile.46) Frontolateral profile. Pronotum:47) Disc, sides broadly angulate with small tubercles, apical half with keeled median line (red arrow) terminating as callus (yellow arrow). 48) Disc, frontolateral image, keel (red arrow), callus (yellow arrow). Thorax lateral image: 49) Mesosternal intercoxal process protuberant (red arrow). Elytra: 50) Apices, outer angle, angulate, unarmed (blue arrow), subsutural vitta (red arrow), submarginal vitta (yellow arrow). 51) Lateral profile, humerus (green arrow), each elytron with submarginal vitta beginning from basal fifth of elytra behind humerus (yellow arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14662165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14662165/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13162A6B0255FFBFFCD8097BFCC3F9ED" box="[780,810,1602,1628]" captionStart="Figures 52–64" captionStartId="20.[192,271,1198,1222]" captionTargetBox="[193,1440,230,1167]" captionTargetId="figure-171@20.[192,1440,229,1168]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figures 52–64. Zalophia auricomis (Chemsak and Linsley, 1979) comb. nov., dorsal and lateral images: 52) Male, paratype, 13 mm, El Taladro, HND. 53) Male, holotype, 13 mm, Yoro, HND. 54–55) Female, paratype, 15 mm, Omoa, HND. Head: 56) Frontal image. 57) Lateral profile. 58) Frontolateral profile. Pronotum: 59) Disc with appressed golden pubescence, and glabrous longitudinal median line (red arrow), and sides rounded. 60) Disc, frontolateral image, longitudinal median line (red arrow).Thorax lateral image:61) Mesosternal intercoxal process protuberant (red arrow). Elytra:62) Apices, outer angle, unarmed, angulate (blue arrow), subsutural vitta (red arrow), submarginal vitta (green arrow). 63) Lateral profile, humerus (yellow arrow), submarginal vitta beginning behind humerus (green arrow). Metatarsi: 64) Metatarsomeres stout, broad, tarsomere 1 (T1) shorter (red bracket) than tarsomeres 2+3 (T2+3), (T1/ T2+3: 0.78)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14662167" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14662167/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">63</figureCitation>
|
||
); and (6) apices of elytra that are sinuate truncate with outer angles unarmed and obtusely angulate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13162A6B0255FFBFFD18095AFCF7F9CF" box="[716,798,1635,1662]" captionStart="Figures 40–51" captionStartId="18.[192,271,1199,1223]" captionTargetBox="[193,1440,233,1170]" captionTargetId="figure-202@18.[192,1440,229,1170]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figures 40–51. Zalophia funebris (Bates), dorsal and lateral images: 40–41) Male, 14 mm., GTM. 42–43) Female, 15 mm., Capital de Guatemala, GTM. Head:44) Frontal image.45) Lateral profile.46) Frontolateral profile. Pronotum:47) Disc, sides broadly angulate with small tubercles, apical half with keeled median line (red arrow) terminating as callus (yellow arrow). 48) Disc, frontolateral image, keel (red arrow), callus (yellow arrow). Thorax lateral image: 49) Mesosternal intercoxal process protuberant (red arrow). Elytra: 50) Apices, outer angle, angulate, unarmed (blue arrow), subsutural vitta (red arrow), submarginal vitta (yellow arrow). 51) Lateral profile, humerus (green arrow), each elytron with submarginal vitta beginning from basal fifth of elytra behind humerus (yellow arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14662165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14662165/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13162A6B0255FFBFFCF8095AFCA2F9CC" box="[812,843,1635,1661]" captionStart="Figures 52–64" captionStartId="20.[192,271,1198,1222]" captionTargetBox="[193,1440,230,1167]" captionTargetId="figure-171@20.[192,1440,229,1168]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figures 52–64. Zalophia auricomis (Chemsak and Linsley, 1979) comb. nov., dorsal and lateral images: 52) Male, paratype, 13 mm, El Taladro, HND. 53) Male, holotype, 13 mm, Yoro, HND. 54–55) Female, paratype, 15 mm, Omoa, HND. Head: 56) Frontal image. 57) Lateral profile. 58) Frontolateral profile. Pronotum: 59) Disc with appressed golden pubescence, and glabrous longitudinal median line (red arrow), and sides rounded. 60) Disc, frontolateral image, longitudinal median line (red arrow).Thorax lateral image:61) Mesosternal intercoxal process protuberant (red arrow). Elytra:62) Apices, outer angle, unarmed, angulate (blue arrow), subsutural vitta (red arrow), submarginal vitta (green arrow). 63) Lateral profile, humerus (yellow arrow), submarginal vitta beginning behind humerus (green arrow). Metatarsi: 64) Metatarsomeres stout, broad, tarsomere 1 (T1) shorter (red bracket) than tarsomeres 2+3 (T2+3), (T1/ T2+3: 0.78)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14662167" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14662167/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">62</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0255FFBFFCB4095AFC2BF9CC" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1912" box="[864,962,1635,1661]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Zalophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFCB4095AFC2BF9CC" box="[864,962,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Zalophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0255FFBFFB2B095AFA49F9CC" authorityName="Dupont" authorityYear="1838" box="[1279,1440,1635,1661]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sphaenothecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFB2B095AFA49F9CC" box="[1279,1440,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Sphaenothecus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the non-carinate mesofemora, and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0255FFBFFD6E09BCFC98F92E" authorityName="Eya" authorityYear="2024" box="[698,881,1669,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Lophaliamorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFD6E09BCFC98F92E" box="[698,881,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Lophaliamorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFCAE09BCFC1EF92E" bold="true" box="[890,1015,1669,1695]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A57870255FFBFFCAE09BCFC1EF92E" box="[890,1015,1669,1695]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0255FFBFFBE009BCFB7CF92E" authorityName="Casey. Similarity" authorityYear="1912" box="[1076,1173,1669,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Lophalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFBE009BCFB7CF92E" box="[1076,1173,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Lophalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the densely clothed head, antennae and pronotum, subsutural ivory vitae on elytra that almost attains apices, and submarginal vittae that begins behind the humeri. The subsutural costae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0255FFBFFCEE09F1FC18F953" box="[826,1009,1736,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Lophaliamorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFCEE09F1FC18F953" box="[826,1009,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Lophaliamorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and subsutural ivory vitae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0255FFBFFA9409F1FA48F953" authorityName="Casey. Similarity" authorityYear="1912" box="[1344,1441,1736,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Lophalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFA9409F1FA48F953" box="[1344,1441,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Lophalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ends well short of attaining the elytral apices. The submarginal costae or the ivory submarginal vitae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0255FFBFFA8709D3FEDBF894" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Lophaliamorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFA8709D3FEDBF894" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Lophaliamorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0255FFBFFEBF0832FE22F894" authorityName="Casey. Similarity" authorityYear="1912" box="[363,459,1803,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Lophalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFEBF0832FE22F894" box="[363,459,1803,1829]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Lophalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively, starts at the base of each elytron below the humerus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0255FFBFFB690832FA9DF894" box="[1213,1396,1803,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Lophaliamorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFB690832FA9DF894" box="[1213,1396,1803,1829]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Lophaliamorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has divergent and prominent antennal tubercles, and elytron with exterior angle unarmed as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D0255FFBFFB670814FAFCF8F6" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1912" box="[1203,1301,1837,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Zalophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC0255FFBFFB670814FAFCF8F6" box="[1203,1301,1837,1863]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Zalophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but the pronotum is sparsely pubescent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13162A6B0255FFBFFDD20877FDBCF8D8" box="[518,597,1870,1897]" captionStart="Figures 32–35" captionStartId="15.[194,273,875,899]" captionTargetBox="[193,1439,229,855]" captionTargetId="figure-132@15.[192,1440,229,861]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figures 32–35.Pronotum of Sphaenothecus-like trachyderine with protuberant mesosternal process.32) Cyphosterna quadrilineatum Chevrolat with pronotum (32a) broad, inflated, laterally excavated (yellow arrows), sides tuberculate (red arrows), and base transversely excavate (red bracket) with prominent dorsal callus (32b) on posterior half (red arrow). 33) Zalophia funebris (Bates) with sides obtusely angulate and integument densely pubescent (33a), disc convex, lacking prominent callus, basal 2/ rd depressed (33b). 34) Lophalia cyanicollis (Dupont) with sides rounded, unarmed, disc sparsely clothed (34a), disc 3 convex, lacking callus, basal 2/ rd flattened (34b). 35) Lophaliamorpha luteicollis (Bates, 1885) comb. nov. with sides obtusely 3 angulate, disc sparsely clothed (35a), basal half of pronotum impressed (red arrow) (35b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14662159" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14662159/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
), and the antennomeres are slender, elongate and clothed with minute, dark, depressed setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13162A6B024AFFA0FEAE0A8AFE22FA7C" box="[378,459,1459,1485]" captionStart="Figures 65–68" captionStartId="21.[192,271,1089,1113]" captionTargetBox="[193,1440,229,1059]" captionTargetId="figure-315@21.[192,1440,229,1059]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figures 65–68. Antennae of Sphaenothecus-like trachyderines with protuberant mesosternal process. 65) Zalophia funebris (Bates) male, GTM. 66) Zalophia auricomis (Chemsak and Linsley, 1979) comb. nov., male, El Taladro, HND. 67) Lophalia cyanicollis (Dupont), male, Tamaulipas, MEX 68) Lophaliamorpha luteicollis (Bates, 1885) comb. nov., male, Jalisco, MEX. 65–66) Antennomeres I–V short, stout, densely clothed with suberect setae. 67–68) Antennomeres I–V slender, elongate, clothed with minute, dark, setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14662169" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14662169/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D024AFFA0FE090A8AFDD7FA7C" authorityName="Casey. Similarity" authorityYear="1912" box="[477,574,1459,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Lophalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FE090A8AFDD7FA7C" box="[477,574,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Lophalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a glabrous, sparsely clothed integument, outer angles of elytral apices that are distinctly dentate, front that is convex with integument between antennal tubercles flat or feebly impressed, and antennomeres that are slender (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13162A6B024AFFA0FD850ACFFD4BF9A1" box="[593,674,1526,1552]" captionStart="Figures 65–68" captionStartId="21.[192,271,1089,1113]" captionTargetBox="[193,1440,229,1059]" captionTargetId="figure-315@21.[192,1440,229,1059]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figures 65–68. Antennae of Sphaenothecus-like trachyderines with protuberant mesosternal process. 65) Zalophia funebris (Bates) male, GTM. 66) Zalophia auricomis (Chemsak and Linsley, 1979) comb. nov., male, El Taladro, HND. 67) Lophalia cyanicollis (Dupont), male, Tamaulipas, MEX 68) Lophaliamorpha luteicollis (Bates, 1885) comb. nov., male, Jalisco, MEX. 65–66) Antennomeres I–V short, stout, densely clothed with suberect setae. 67–68) Antennomeres I–V slender, elongate, clothed with minute, dark, setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14662169" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14662169/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF526666024AFFA0FF140B2EFD85FAEE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14662161" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14662161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14662161/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" startId="16.[192,271,1047,1071]" targetBox="[194,1440,244,1017]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9236EE024AFFA0FF140B2EFD85FAEE" blockId="16.[192,1442,1047,1375]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FF140B2EFEB5FB9E" bold="true" box="[192,348,1047,1071]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Figures 36–39.</emphasis>
|
||
Metatarsi and pronotal characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D024AFFA0FCDE0B2EFC73FB9E" authorityName="Dupont" authorityYear="1838" box="[778,922,1047,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Sphaenothecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FCDE0B2EFC73FB9E" box="[778,922,1047,1071]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Sphaenothecus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like trachyderine.
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FB8A0B2EFB69FB9E" bold="true" box="[1118,1152,1047,1071]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">36)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D024AFFA0FB520B2EFE19FBFF" authority="(Chemsak and Hovore, 2010)" authorityName="Eya" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Chemsak and Hovore" baseAuthorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Paramannophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skillmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FB520B2EFA49FB9E" box="[1158,1440,1047,1071]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Paramannophorus skillmani</emphasis>
|
||
(Chemsak and Hovore, 2010)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FE280B0CFDF7FBFC" bold="true" box="[508,542,1077,1101]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">37)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D024AFFA0FDF00B0FFCB8FBFF" authority="Eya" authorityName="Eya" authorityYear="2024" box="[548,849,1078,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Microteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FDF00B0FFCCDFBFF" box="[548,804,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Microteroschema parvum</emphasis>
|
||
Eya
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FC830B0FFC26FBFC" bold="true" box="[855,975,1077,1102]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A5787024AFFA0FC830B0FFC4FFBFF" box="[855,934,1078,1102]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
38)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D024AFFA0FC0C0B0FFAE0FBFF" authority="LeConte." authorityName="LeConte. Lateral" authorityYear="1854" box="[984,1289,1078,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Mannophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FC0C0B0FFB4CFBFF" box="[984,1189,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Mannophorus laetus</emphasis>
|
||
LeConte.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FADA0B0CFAD9FBFC" bold="true" box="[1294,1328,1077,1101]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">39)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D024AFFA0FAE30B0FFE2DFBDD" authority="Thomson." authorityName="Thomson." class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Ischnocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FAE30B0FFEBFFBDD" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Ischnocnemis costipennis</emphasis>
|
||
Thomson.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FE1C0B6DFDC0FBDD" bold="true" box="[456,553,1108,1132]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">36a–38a)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D024AFFA0FDFB0B6CFD49FBDD" authorityName="Eya" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Chemsak and Hovore" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[559,672,1108,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Paramannophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skillmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FDFB0B6CFD49FBDD" box="[559,672,1108,1132]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">P. skillmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D024AFFA0FD790B6CFCF6FBDD" authorityName="Eya" authorityYear="2024" box="[685,799,1109,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Microteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FD790B6CFCF6FBDD" box="[685,799,1109,1132]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">M. parvum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D024AFFA0FC830B6CFC5DFBDD" authorityName="LeConte. Lateral" authorityYear="1854" box="[855,948,1108,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Mannophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FC830B6CFC5DFBDD" box="[855,948,1108,1132]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">M. laetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with metatarsomeres stout, tarsomere 1 (T
|
||
<subScript id="17A934AB024AFFA0FABF0B58FA9BFBDE" attach="left" box="[1387,1394,1121,1135]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">1</subScript>
|
||
, red bracket) subequal to or shorter than tarsomeres 2+3 (T
|
||
<subScript id="17A934AB024AFFA0FD2F0B46FCFBFB3C" attach="left" box="[763,786,1151,1165]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">2+3</subScript>
|
||
, red bracket).
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FC7D0B4BFC3EFB3B" bold="true" box="[937,983,1138,1162]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">39a)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D024AFFA0FC350B4AFB8AFB3B" box="[993,1123,1139,1162]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Ischnocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FC350B4AFB8AFB3B" box="[993,1123,1139,1162]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">I. costipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with metatarsomeres elongate, tarsomere 1 (T
|
||
<subScript id="17A934AB024AFFA0FE820BA4FEB4FB1A" attach="left" box="[342,349,1181,1195]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">1</subScript>
|
||
, red bracket) subequal to or longer than tarsomeres 2+3 (T
|
||
<subScript id="17A934AB024AFFA0FC6C0BA4FC26FB1A" attach="left" box="[952,975,1181,1195]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">2+3</subScript>
|
||
, red bracket). Approximate ratio of (T
|
||
<subScript id="17A934AB024AFFA0FA810BA4FAB5FB1A" attach="left" box="[1365,1372,1181,1195]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">1</subScript>
|
||
/ T
|
||
<subScript id="17A934AB024AFFA0FAAF0BA4FA7BFB1A" attach="left" box="[1403,1426,1181,1195]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">2+3</subScript>
|
||
):
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FF140B96FF07FB76" bold="true" box="[192,238,1199,1223]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">36a)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D024AFFA0FF200B89FE8FFB76" authorityName="Eya" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Chemsak and Hovore" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[244,358,1199,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Paramannophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skillmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FF200B89FE8FFB76" box="[244,358,1199,1223]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">P. skillmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(T
|
||
<subScript id="17A934AB024AFFA0FE500B85FE62FB7B" attach="left" box="[388,395,1212,1226]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">1</subScript>
|
||
/ T
|
||
<subScript id="17A934AB024AFFA0FE7D0B85FE29FB7B" attach="left" box="[425,448,1212,1226]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">2+3</subScript>
|
||
: 0.78).
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FDDF0B96FDD0FB76" bold="true" box="[523,569,1199,1223]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">37a)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D024AFFA0FDEB0B89FD59FB76" authorityName="Eya" authorityYear="2024" box="[575,688,1200,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Microteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FDEB0B89FD59FB76" box="[575,688,1200,1223]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">M. parvum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(T
|
||
<subScript id="17A934AB024AFFA0FD1B0B85FD3FFB7B" attach="left" box="[719,726,1212,1226]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">1</subScript>
|
||
/ T
|
||
<subScript id="17A934AB024AFFA0FD200B85FCE2FB7B" attach="left" box="[756,779,1212,1226]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">2+3</subScript>
|
||
: 0.89).
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FC820B96FC6DFB76" bold="true" box="[854,900,1199,1223]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">38a)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D024AFFA0FC5E0B89FC0FFB76" authorityName="LeConte. Lateral" authorityYear="1854" box="[906,998,1199,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Mannophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FC5E0B89FC0FFB76" box="[906,998,1199,1223]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">M. laetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(T
|
||
<subScript id="17A934AB024AFFA0FBD10B85FBE5FB7B" attach="left" box="[1029,1036,1212,1226]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">1</subScript>
|
||
/ T
|
||
<subScript id="17A934AB024AFFA0FBFE0B85FBA8FB7B" attach="left" box="[1066,1089,1212,1226]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">2+3</subScript>
|
||
: 0.90).
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FB580B96FB53FB76" bold="true" box="[1164,1210,1199,1223]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">39a)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D024AFFA0FB6B0B89FAA9FB76" box="[1215,1344,1200,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Ischnocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FB6B0B89FAA9FB76" box="[1215,1344,1200,1223]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">I. costipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(T
|
||
<subScript id="17A934AB024AFFA0FA8A0B85FA8CFB7B" attach="left" box="[1374,1381,1212,1226]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">1</subScript>
|
||
/ T
|
||
<subScript id="17A934AB024AFFA0FA570B85FA72FB7B" attach="left" box="[1411,1435,1212,1226]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">2+3</subScript>
|
||
: 1.30).
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FF2A0BF7FE33FB54" bold="true" box="[254,474,1229,1254]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">36b–c, 37b–c, 39b–c)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D024AFFA0FE340BF6FDB9FB57" authorityName="Eya" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Chemsak and Hovore" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[480,592,1230,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Paramannophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skillmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FE340BF6FDB9FB57" box="[480,592,1230,1254]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">P. skillmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D024AFFA0FD880BF6FD25FB57" authorityName="Eya" authorityYear="2024" box="[604,716,1231,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Microteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FD880BF6FD25FB57" box="[604,716,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">M. parvum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D024AFFA0FCD70BF6FC6AFB57" box="[771,899,1231,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Ischnocnemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FCD70BF6FC6AFB57" box="[771,899,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">I. costipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with anterior margin of pronotum without collar-like projection on sides (red arrows).
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FDCC0BD5FDB6FAB5" bold="true" box="[536,607,1260,1284]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">38b–c)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D024AFFA0FDB00BD4FD2BFAB5" authorityName="LeConte. Lateral" authorityYear="1854" box="[612,706,1260,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Mannophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FDB00BD4FD2BFAB5" box="[612,706,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">M. laetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with anterior margin of pronotum raised with collar-like projection on sides (green arrows), narrowly excavated behind (yellow arrow).
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FC860A33FC73FA93" bold="true" box="[850,922,1290,1314]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">36b–c)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D024AFFA0FC4B0A32FBF8FA92" authorityName="Eya" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Chemsak and Hovore" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[927,1041,1291,1315]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Paramannophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="skillmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FC4B0A32FBF8FA92" box="[927,1041,1291,1315]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">P. skillmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with sides of pronotum obtusely angulate, disc coarsely punctate, densely clothed with long erect setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FC890A10FC4DFAF0" bold="true" box="[861,932,1321,1345]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">37b–c)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D024AFFA0FC7D0A13FBF2FAF0" authorityName="Eya" authorityYear="2024" box="[937,1051,1322,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Microteroschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FC7D0A13FBF2FAF0" box="[937,1051,1322,1345]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">M. parvum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with sides of pronotum rounded, disc finely, sparsely punctate, setae short, erect.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9236EE024AFFA0FED40921FC1EF94A" blockId="16.[191,1442,1459,1788]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B1F024AFFA0FED40921FE7AF983" author="Casey TL" box="[256,403,1560,1586]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" pagination="215 - 376" refId="ref69930" refString="Casey TL. 1912. Studies in the Longicornia of North America. Memoirs on the Coleoptera 3: 215 - 376." type="journal article" year="1912">Casey (1912)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not provide any etymology for the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D024AFFA0FC470921FC1DF983" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1912" box="[915,1012,1560,1586]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Zalophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FC470921FC1DF983" box="[915,1012,1560,1586]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Zalophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D024AFFA0FBAA0921FB0AF983" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1866" box="[1150,1251,1560,1586]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Zalophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FBAA0921FB0AF983" box="[1150,1251,1560,1586]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Zalophus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D024AFFA0FAEF0921FF05F9E2" authority="Gill" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1866" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Zalophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FAEF0921FA48F983" box="[1339,1441,1560,1586]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Zalophus</emphasis>
|
||
Gill
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is a genus name for the small eared seals, which is a compound word formed from two components in New Latin,
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FEDE0965FEC4F9C4" box="[266,301,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">za-</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FEBA0962FE56F9C4" box="[366,447,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">-lophus</emphasis>
|
||
(from Greek
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FD8A0962FD4DF9C4" box="[606,676,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">lophos</emphasis>
|
||
or “crest”) (Merriam-Webster 2024). Therefore, the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D6D024AFFA0FA940962FA4BF9C4" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1912" box="[1344,1442,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Zalophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FA940962FA4BF9C4" box="[1344,1442,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Zalophia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be derived from “
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FE100944FE0EF927" box="[452,487,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">za-</emphasis>
|
||
”, an intensive or augmentative prefix sometimes used in forming modern scientific words to emphasize the character or quality which means “very”, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FC3709A7FBFDF909" box="[995,1044,1694,1720]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">lófos</emphasis>
|
||
or
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FBEB09A7FB6CF909" box="[1087,1157,1694,1720]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">lophos</emphasis>
|
||
(λόφος)(crested or hill), referring to the “very crested” or “very ridged” mesosternum. The “
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FC7509F8FC28F96B" box="[929,961,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">-os</emphasis>
|
||
” ending of “
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FB9F09F9FB46F96B" box="[1099,1199,1728,1754]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Zalophos</emphasis>
|
||
” can then be changed to a Latinized ending “
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAFC024AFFA0FE6A09DBFE34F94A" box="[446,477,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">-ia</emphasis>
|
||
” to form a taxonomic name of feminine gender.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |