235 lines
28 KiB
XML
235 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="9A8BF1BAC02CC8C2322E7199ACED7B99" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276219" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f7dbab6f-314a-405f-be39-e2ea55535a41" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276219" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460318276145" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Krolow, Tiago Kütter & Henriques, Augusto Loureiro" docDate="2010" docId="038487E0B35AAE6FFF77FE3600DFF84D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02656p040.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2656" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Chlorotabanus Lutz 1913" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FFBDFF98B359AE6CFFE0FF9B0215FF92" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the New World genus Chlorotabanus Lutz, 1913 (Diptera: Tabanidae)" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698255569674" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="084BD400E583FEF6FD7ABF9057A7FE86">Taxonomic revision of the New World genus Chlorotabanus Lutz, 1913 (Diptera: Tabanidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7A4EBF6716D637F1AD7E04BF8BE506E6">Krolow, Tiago Kütter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FE76B85EAFD35E5EF79D1B86C753F290">Henriques, Augusto Loureiro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="DF3240F93354B222F27BD2E335D424E0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="92BC204E6ABCFEF0FB22B045150D700F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="73FB1C4695C31F4730DD6010004CA396">2010</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038487E0B35AAE6FFF77FE3600DFF84D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6199241" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119401969" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6199241" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487E0B35AAE6FFF77FE3600DFF84D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038487E0B35AAE6FFF77FE3600DFF84D" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection id="C337657DB35AAE6FFF77FE3603C3FE55" box="[151,470,429,455]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9236F6B35AAE6FFF77FE3603C3FE55" blockId="3.[151,470,429,455]" box="[151,470,429,455]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<heading id="D0DA819AB35AAE6FFF77FE3603C3FE55" bold="true" box="[151,470,429,455]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D75B35AAE6FFF77FE3603C3FE55" ID-CoL="9G2FX" authority="Lutz, 1913" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,470,429,455]" class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" genus="Chlorotabanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B959EAE4B35AAE6FFF77FE3603C3FE55" bold="true" box="[151,470,429,455]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B959EAE4B35AAE6FFF77FE36035EFE55" bold="true" box="[151,331,429,455]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chlorotabanus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFEB3FE3603C3FE55" author="Lutz" box="[339,470,429,455]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Lutz, A. (1913) Sobre a systematica dos tabanideos, subfamilia Tabaninae. Brazil Medico, Rio de Janeiro, 27 (45), 486 - 490." type="journal article" year="1913">Lutz, 1913</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C337657DB35AAE6FFF77FE6900DFF84D" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9236F6B35AAE6FFF77FE690332FC18" blockId="3.[151,1437,498,906]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3D11D8B35AAE6FFF77FE690332FC18" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D75B35AAE6FFF77FE6903FEFD9E" ID-CoL="9G2FX" authority="Lutz, 1913: 6" authorityName="Lutz" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,491,498,524]" class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" genus="Chlorotabanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B959EAE4B35AAE6FFF77FE690353FD99" box="[151,326,498,523]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chlorotabanus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8C10E7B35AAE6FFEACFE6903FEFD9E" author="Lutz" box="[332,491,498,524]" page="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1913">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFEACFE6903DAFD9E" author="Lutz" box="[332,463,498,524]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Lutz, A. (1913) Sobre a systematica dos tabanideos, subfamilia Tabaninae. Brazil Medico, Rio de Janeiro, 27 (45), 486 - 490." type="journal article" year="1913">Lutz, 1913</bibRefCitation>
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: 6
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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; type-species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D75B35AAE6FFD78FE69062CFD9E" ID-CoL="8F9YM" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[664,1081,498,524]" class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" genus="Tabanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
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<emphasis id="B959EAE4B35AAE6FFD78FE690168FD99" box="[664,893,498,523]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tabanus mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFC64FE69062CFD9E" author="Linnaeus" box="[900,1081,498,524]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae. Ed. 10. 1: 824 pp. Holmiae (= Stockholm). (1 January)." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(mon.); 1914: 167 (Reprint of paper of 1913);
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8C10E7B35AAE6FFE9DFD8E0079FDBD" author="Bequaert" box="[381,620,533,559]" page="234" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1926">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFE9DFD8E0020FDBD" author="Bequaert" box="[381,565,533,559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Bequaert, J. (1926) Medical report of the Hamilton Rice Seventh Expedition to the Amazon, in conjunction with department of Tropical Medicine of Harvard University, 1924 - 1925. Part II. Medical and economic entomology. Contributions from the Harvard Institute for Tropical Biology and Medicine, 4, 155 - 257, 9 figs., 61 - 67." type="journal article" year="1926">Bequaert, 1926</bibRefCitation>
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: 234
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</treatmentCitation>
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(key and
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<emphasis id="B959EAE4B35AAE6FFD01FD8E014DFDBC" box="[737,856,533,558]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nom. nov.</emphasis>
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);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8C10E7B35AAE6FFC91FD8E062CFDBD" author="Krober" box="[881,1081,533,559]" page="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1930">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFC91FD8E0605FDBD" author="Krober" box="[881,1040,533,559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Krober, O. (1930) Die Untergattungen Macrocornus (sic) Lutz and Chlorotabanus Lutz. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 87, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1930">Kröber, 1930</bibRefCitation>
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: 15
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</treatmentCitation>
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(key); 1934: 296 (catalog and
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<emphasis id="B959EAE4B35AAE6FFF21FDA30323FDC3" box="[193,310,568,593]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nom. nov.</emphasis>
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);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8C10E7B35AAE6FFEAFFDA30013FDC0" author="Stone" box="[335,518,568,594]" page="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1938">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFEAFFDA303CBFDC0" author="Stone" box="[335,478,568,594]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Stone, A. (1938) The horseflies of the Subfamiliy Tabaninae of the Neartic region. Miscellaneous Publication United States Department of Agriculture, 305, 1 - 171." type="journal article" year="1938">Stone, 1938</bibRefCitation>
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: 27
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</treatmentCitation>
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(diagnosis);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8C10E7B35AAE6FFD7EFDA30199FDC0" author="Fairchild" box="[670,908,568,594]" page="714" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1940">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFD7EFDA30140FDC0" author="Fairchild" box="[670,853,568,594]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Fairchild, G. B. (1940) Notes on Tabanidae (Dipt.) from Panama. I. The genera Chlorotabanus and Cryptotylus. Revista de Entomologia, Rio de Janeiro 11 (3), 713 - 723." type="journal article" year="1940">Fairchild, 1940</bibRefCitation>
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: 714
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</treatmentCitation>
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(key);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8C10E7B35AAE6FFC3FFDA306BCFDC0" author="Philip" box="[991,1193,568,594]" page="286" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1947">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFC3FFDA30666FDC0" author="Philip" box="[991,1139,568,594]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Philip, C. B. (1947) A catalog of the blood-sucking fly family Tabanidae (horseflies and deerflies) of the Nearctic Region North of Mexico. The American Midland Naturalist, 37, 257 - 324." type="journal article" year="1947">Philip, 1947</bibRefCitation>
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: 286
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</treatmentCitation>
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(catalog); 1952: 311 (synonym);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8C10E7B35AAE6FFEB8FDC100DEFDE6" author="Philip" box="[344,715,602,628]" page="313" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1956">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFEB8FDC1009AFDE6" author="Philip" box="[344,655,602,628]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Philip, C. B. & Fairchild, G. B. (1956) American biting flies of the genera Chlorotabanus Lutz and Cryptotylus Lutz (Diptera, Tabanidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 49 (4), 313 - 324." type="journal article" year="1956">Philip & Fairchild, 1956</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 313
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
–324, figs. Text 1A–E, 1 (revision, key and new species);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C10E7B35AAE6FFF21FDE603D0FD05" author="Fairchild" box="[193,453,637,663]" page="437" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1961">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFF21FDE60393FD05" author="Fairchild" box="[193,390,637,663]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Fairchild, G. B. (1961) Insecta Amapaensia - Diptera: Tabanidae. Studia Entomologica, 4 (1 - 4), 433 - 448." type="journal article" year="1961">Fairchild, 1961</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 437
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 2, 439–440 (new species); 1969: 208 (classification); 1971: 55 (catalog);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C10E7B35AAE6FFF21FD3B0380FD28" author="Goodwin" box="[193,405,672,698]" page="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1973">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFF21FD3B036EFD28" author="Goodwin" box="[193,379,672,698]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Goodwin J. T. (1973) Immature stages of some eastern Neartic Tabanidae (Diptera). II. Genera of the tribe Diachlorini. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society, 8, 5 - 11." type="journal article" year="1973">Goodwin, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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: 6
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
–7, figs. 1,6 (immature stages);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C10E7B35AAE6FFCE9FD3B0669FD28" author="Goodwin" box="[777,1148,672,698]" page="99" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1974">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFCE9FD3B0641FD28" author="Goodwin" box="[777,1108,672,698]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Goodwin, J. T. & Murdoch, W. P. (1974) A Study of some immature Neotropical Tabanidae (Diptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 67, 85 - 133." type="journal article" year="1974">Goodwin & Murdoch, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 99
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
–102 (pupae, larvae, key to immature stages);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C10E7B35AAE6FFE25FD5900ADFD4E" author="Coscaron" box="[453,696,706,732]" page="49" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1976">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFE25FD59009EFD4E" author="Coscaron" box="[453,651,706,732]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Coscaron, S. (1976) Notas sobre tabanidos argentinos XIV. Sobre los generos Diachlorus Osten Saken, Stibasoma Schiner, Stypommisa Enderlein, Cryptotylus Lutz y Chlorotabanus Lutz (Diptera). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 35 (1 / 4), 39 - 50." type="journal article" year="1976">Coscarón, 1976</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 49
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 4 (terminalia illustrations);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C10E7B35AAE6FFBADFD590742FD4E" author="Wilkerson" box="[1101,1367,706,732]" page="237" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1979">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFBADFD590708FD4E" author="Wilkerson" box="[1101,1309,706,732]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Wilkerson, R. C. (1979) Horse flies (Dipt. Taban.) of the Colombian Departments of Choco, Valle and Cauca. Cespedesia, (Cali, Colombia), VIII (31 - 35), 87 - 433." type="book chapter" year="1979">Wilkerson, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 237
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(new species, diagnosis, key);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C10E7B35AAE6FFE1FFD7E00E7FD6D" author="Fairchild" box="[511,754,741,767]" page="58" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1986">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFE1FFD7E00D3FD6D" author="Fairchild" box="[511,710,741,767]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Fairchild, G. B. (1986) The Tabanidae of Panama. Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 22 (3), 1 - 139." type="journal article" year="1986">Fairchild, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 58
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(key);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C10E7B35AAE6FFCAFFD7E06DAFD6D" author="Coscaron" box="[847,1231,741,767]" page="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1993">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFCAFFD7E06BAFD6D" author="Coscaron" box="[847,1199,741,767]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Coscaron, S. & Papavero, N. (1993) An illustrated manual for the identification of the Neotropical genera and subgenera of Tabanidae (Diptera). Colecao Emilie Snethlage, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi. 150 pp.: il." type="book" year="1993">Coscarón & Papavero 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 8
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 22, figs. 44–45 (illustrated manual);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C10E7B35AAE6FFE29FC930122FCB0" author="Fairchild" box="[457,823,776,802]" page="87" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1994">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFE29FC930119FCB0" author="Fairchild" box="[457,780,776,802]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Fairchild, G. B. & Burger, J. F. (1994) A catalog of the Tabanidae (Diptera) of the Americas south of the United States. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 55, 249 pp." type="book" year="1994">Fairchild & Burger, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 87
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(catalog);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C10E7B35AAE6FFC20FC930681FCB0" author="Burger" box="[960,1172,776,802]" page="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1995">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFC20FC93067DFCB0" author="Burger" box="[960,1128,776,802]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Burger, J. F. (1995) Catalog of Tabanidae (Diptera) of North America North of Mexico. Contributions on Entomology, International. Associated Publishers, 1 (1), 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1995">Burger, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 34
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(catalog);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C10E7B35AAE6FFAFEFC9303A8FCD6" author="Krolow" page="270" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2008">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFAFEFC930393FCD6" author="Krolow" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Krolow, T. K. & Henriques, A. L. (2008) Descricao do male de Chlorotabanus leucochlorus Fairchild (Diptera, Tabanidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 52 (2), 269 - 271." type="journal article" year="2008">Krolow & Henriques, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 270
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(male description and terminalia);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C10E7B35AAE6FFCB7FCB106C7FCD6" author="Coscaron" box="[855,1234,810,836]" page="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2009">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFCB7FCB106BFFCD6" author="Coscaron" box="[855,1194,810,836]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Coscaron, S. & Papavero, N. (2009 a) Manual of Neotropical Diptera. Tabanidae. Neotropical Diptera, Ribeirao Preto 6, 1 - 137." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="a">Coscarón & Papavero 2009a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 11
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 76–77, figs. 48– 49 (Manual);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C10E7B35AAE6FFE8EFCD60113FCF5" author="Coscaron" box="[366,774,845,871]" page="67" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2009">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFE8EFCD600CEFCF5" author="Coscaron" box="[366,731,845,871]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Coscaron, S. & Papavero, N. (2009 b) Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Tabanidae. Neotropical Diptera, Ribeirao Preto 16, 1 - 199." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="b">Coscarón & Papavero 2009b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 67
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–68 (catalog);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C10E7B35AAE6FFC5FFCD60743FCF5" author="Krolow" box="[959,1366,845,871]" page="204" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2009">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFC5FFCD6070EFCF5" author="Krolow" box="[959,1307,845,871]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Krolow T. K. & Henriques A. L. (2009) Descricao de uma nova especie de Diachlorini (lnsecta: Diptera: Tabanidae) da Regiao Neotropical: Chlorotabanus flagellatus sp. nov. Iheringia Serie Zoologica, 99 (2), 204 - 209." type="journal article" year="2009">Krolow & Henriques, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 204
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(new species).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9236F6B35AAE6FFF26FC2E0005FAFD" blockId="3.[151,1437,949,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D75B35AAE6FFEABFC2E03EFFC5C" ID-CoL="9G2FX" box="[331,506,949,974]" class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" genus="Chlorotabanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAE4B35AAE6FFEABFC2E03EFFC5C" box="[331,506,949,974]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chlorotabanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are nocturnal or crepuscular with occasional reports of diurnal activity. They are easily distinguished from other tabanids by the greenish color (in life), eyes glabrous, uniform reddish or yellowish-brown and the absence of a frontal callus. Specimens stored for a long time generally yellowish. Size is quite variable (
|
||
<quantity id="4CD59B13B35AAE6FFE4DFB860058FBA5" box="[429,589,1053,1079]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.7399999999999998" metricValueMin="0.76" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="17.4" valueMin="7.6">7.6–17.4mm</quantity>
|
||
) as is the shape of the frons, which is usually somewhat convergent towards the base which is always narrower than the apex. Ocelli are absent. Antenna in females usually with a basal plate longer than or subequal to the style, without dorsal tooth, with only a slightly elevated dorsal angle. In males, basal plate reduction and stylus elongation are common, with the stylus often longer than the basal plate. Also in males, palpus is erect (porrect) and more pointed proximally, with a slight enlargement distally. In females, proximal portion of second palpomere is slightly inflated. Labella sclerotized. Glabrous basicosta, wing hyaline, often with darkened costal cell, cross-veins with or without black spots. Thorax variable in color, whitish, yellowish or orangish. Greenish legs with variable pilosity, often with black hairs at the apices of the tibiae. Greenish to yellowish abdomen with pilosity similar to thorax, except for the usually black pilosity of the last three tergites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9236F6B35AAE6FFF25FAEC019CF916" blockId="3.[151,1437,949,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAE4B35AAE6FFF25FAEC03B3FA03" bold="true" box="[197,422,1399,1425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Color variation:</emphasis>
|
||
While color as a taxonomic character is debated, hair and pruinosity color in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D75B35AAE6FFF77FA000352FA26" ID-CoL="9G2FX" box="[151,327,1435,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" genus="Chlorotabanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAE4B35AAE6FFF77FA000352FA26" box="[151,327,1435,1460]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chlorotabanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may often be a tool for identification of many species and therefore should be used. Color is often quite variable and randomly distributed over the body. One possible explanation for such variability is that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D75B35AAE6FFF2CFA7B036AFA6B" ID-CoL="9G2FX" box="[204,383,1504,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" genus="Chlorotabanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAE4B35AAE6FFF2CFA7B036AFA6B" box="[204,383,1504,1529]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chlorotabanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have green hemolymph and that influences the internal distribution of pigments which then may or may not color the various parts of the body and appendages (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFBE4F99906D2F98E" author="Wilkerson" box="[1028,1223,1538,1564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Wilkerson, R. C. (1979) Horse flies (Dipt. Taban.) of the Colombian Departments of Choco, Valle and Cauca. Cespedesia, (Cali, Colombia), VIII (31 - 35), 87 - 433." type="book chapter" year="1979">Wilkerson 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), leading to many color combinations. Another commonly seen variation is that the darkness of the last abdominal segments that may be caused by external pigments or a recent blood meal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFC95F9D30629F9F0" author="Wilkerson" box="[885,1084,1608,1634]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Wilkerson, R. C. (1979) Horse flies (Dipt. Taban.) of the Colombian Departments of Choco, Valle and Cauca. Cespedesia, (Cali, Colombia), VIII (31 - 35), 87 - 433." type="book chapter" year="1979">Wilkerson 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Eyes are also variable from grayish bronze to dark red, almost black, even in dry specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9236F6B35AAE6FFF25F91600DFF84D" blockId="3.[151,1437,949,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAE4B35AAE6FFF25F9160340F935" bold="true" box="[197,341,1677,1703]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Terminalia:</emphasis>
|
||
Over the years, the frontal callus and antenna were considered “sacred” characters that were important in the identification of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D75B35AAE6FFD74F92B0105F958" ID-CoL="GVW" box="[660,784,1712,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tabanidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, the lack of a frontal callus and the wide variation in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54968854B35AAE6FFF3FF9490308F97E" box="[223,285,1746,1772]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of antenna made it difficult to separate the species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D75B35AAE6FFBE6F94806A0F97E" ID-CoL="9G2FX" box="[1030,1205,1747,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" genus="Chlorotabanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAE4B35AAE6FFBE6F94806A0F97E" box="[1030,1205,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chlorotabanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On the other hand, the use of internal characters, such as male terminalia, is well used with good results for many species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D75B35AAE6FFF77F88302E6F8A0" box="[151,243,1816,1842]" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We examined several terminalia of all species with available male. Unfortunately, structures are very similar and intraspecific variability was often as great as interspecific variability. Both
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFB43F8A1077FF8C6" author="Coscaron" box="[1187,1386,1850,1876]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Coscaron, S. (1976) Notas sobre tabanidos argentinos XIV. Sobre los generos Diachlorus Osten Saken, Stibasoma Schiner, Stypommisa Enderlein, Cryptotylus Lutz y Chlorotabanus Lutz (Diptera). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 35 (1 / 4), 39 - 50." type="journal article" year="1976">Coscarón (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFF77F8C6001BF8E5" author="Krolow" box="[151,526,1885,1911]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Krolow, T. K. & Henriques, A. L. (2008) Descricao do male de Chlorotabanus leucochlorus Fairchild (Diptera, Tabanidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 52 (2), 269 - 271." type="journal article" year="2008">Krolow and Henriques (2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFDFCF8C60048F8E5" author="Henriques" box="[540,605,1885,1911]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Krolow T. K. & Henriques A. L. (2009) Descricao de uma nova especie de Diachlorini (lnsecta: Diptera: Tabanidae) da Regiao Neotropical: Chlorotabanus flagellatus sp. nov. Iheringia Serie Zoologica, 99 (2), 204 - 209." type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) use internal characters for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D75B35AAE6FFC24F8C60670F8E4" ID-CoL="5XYVQ" box="[964,1125,1885,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" genus="Chlorotabanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAE4B35AAE6FFC24F8C60670F8E4" box="[964,1125,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C. parviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D75B35AAE6FFB97F8C60755F8E4" ID-CoL="5XZ7P" box="[1143,1344,1885,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" genus="Chlorotabanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucochlorus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAE4B35AAE6FFB97F8C60755F8E4" box="[1143,1344,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C. leucochlorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D75B35AAE6FFA60F8C6030EF80B" class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" genus="Chlorotabanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flagellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAE4B35AAE6FFA60F8C6030EF80B" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C. flagellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
respectively.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B07B35AAE6FFE28F81B0128F808" author="Krolow" box="[456,829,1920,1946]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Krolow T. K. & Henriques A. L. (2009) Descricao de uma nova especie de Diachlorini (lnsecta: Diptera: Tabanidae) da Regiao Neotropical: Chlorotabanus flagellatus sp. nov. Iheringia Serie Zoologica, 99 (2), 204 - 209." type="journal article" year="2009">Krolow and Henriques (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in a study of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D75B35AAE6FFC0CF81B0686F80B" box="[1004,1171,1920,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Tabanidae" genus="Chlorotabanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flagellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B959EAE4B35AAE6FFC0CF81B0686F80B" box="[1004,1171,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C. flagellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
concluded that some externally identical individuals had more variable terminalia than when compared to other species. For these reasons, we do not use terminalia in this review.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |