367 lines
40 KiB
XML
367 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5231.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7571485" ID-ZooBank="9C66A388-C221-4D17-B2AA-F9EB7F1EC940" checkinTime="1674711822273" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kraus, Fred" docDate="2023" docId="0381A239FFFFFFDD7E8DFAF4FECFF842" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5231.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5231 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5231.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gerrhopilus wallachi Kraus 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FFB8DA41FFF4FFD17E1AFFE2FFBAFFD7" masterDocTitle="A revision of Gerrhopilus inornatus (Squamata: Gerrhopilidae) reveals a multi-species complex" masterLastPageNumber="23" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1674753466069" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of Gerrhopilus inornatus (Squamata: Gerrhopilidae) reveals a multi-species complex</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kraus, Fred</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U. S. A</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-01-26</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5231</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>23</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5231.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5231.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7571485</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">9C66A388-C221-4D17-B2AA-F9EB7F1EC940</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381A239FFFFFFDD7E8DFAF4FECFF842" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0381A239FFFFFFDD7E8DFAF4FECFF842" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection box="[151,509,1302,1329]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[151,509,1302,1365]" box="[151,509,1302,1329]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,509,1302,1329]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,509,1302,1329]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName authority="Kraus, 2023" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,408,1302,1329]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wallachi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,408,1302,1329]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Gerrhopilus wallachi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[415,509,1303,1329]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[151,281,1338,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[151,509,1302,1365]" box="[151,281,1338,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<figureCitation box="[151,281,1338,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,197,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[174,1413,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal and lateral views of heads for members of the Gerrhopilus inornatus Group having 22 midbody scale rows and venters marked with yellow. A, B holotype of Gerrhopilus wallachi (MCZ 140724); C, D holotype of Gerrhopilus flavinotatus (MCZ 175100); E, F holotype of Gerrhopilus lorealis (BPBM 2272)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7571501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7571501/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 5A, B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[151,662,1407,1462]" box="[151,548,1407,1431]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,548,1407,1431]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<treatmentCitation author="Wallach, V." box="[151,544,1407,1431]" page="113" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1996">
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<taxonomicName authority="Wallach 1996: 113" authorityName="Wallach" authorityPageNumber="113" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,544,1407,1431]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
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<emphasis box="[151,346,1407,1431]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Typhlops inornatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Wallach, V." box="[352,544,1407,1431]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="107 - 118" refId="ref19774" refString="Wallach, V. (1996) Two new blind snakes of the Typhlops ater species group from Papua New Guinea (Serpentes: Typhlopidae). Russian Journal of Herpetology, 3, 107 - 118." type="journal article" year="1996">Wallach 1996: 113</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[151,662,1407,1462]" box="[151,662,1438,1462]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,662,1438,1462]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<treatmentCitation author="Pyron, R. A. & Wallach, V." box="[151,658,1438,1462]" page="79" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="2014">
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<taxonomicName authority="Pyron & Wallach 2014: 79" authorityName="Pyron & Wallach" authorityPageNumber="79" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,658,1438,1462]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
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<emphasis box="[151,378,1438,1462]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Gerrhopilus inornatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Pyron, R. A. & Wallach, V." box="[384,658,1438,1462]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 81" refId="ref19325" refString="Pyron, R. A. & Wallach, V. (2014) Systematics of the blind snakes (Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopoidea) based on molecular and morphological evidence. Zootaxa, 3829 (1), 1 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3829.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Pyron & Wallach 2014: 79</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1437,1508,2039]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1973-04-24" collectionCode="MCZ" country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="760" latitude="-9.14" location="Fred Parker" longLatPrecision="780" longitude="148.39" municipality="Afore" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCode="MCZ 140724" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northern" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,267,1508,1534]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<typeStatus box="[151,260,1508,1534]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode box="[274,426,1508,1534]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">MCZ 140724</specimenCode>
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(field tag Y-14092), collected on
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<date box="[803,958,1508,1534]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1973-04-24">
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<collectingDate box="[803,958,1508,1534]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1973-04-24">24 April 1973</collectingDate>
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</date>
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by
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381A239FFFFFFDD7E8DFAF4FECFF842:8EF745F4FFFFFFDA7DF2FA06FBD1FA29" box="[1000,1131,1508,1534]" country="Papua New Guinea" latitude="-9.14" longLatPrecision="780" longitude="148.39" municipality="Afore" name="Fred Parker" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" stateProvince="Northern">Fred Parker</location>
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at
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<collectingMunicipality box="[1164,1232,1508,1534]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Afore</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[1243,1316,1508,1534]" degrees="9.14" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="555" value="-9.14">9.14 S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[1328,1431,1508,1535]" degrees="148.39" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="555" value="148.39">148.39 E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity box="[151,222,1544,1571]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="760.0">760 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.
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</elevation>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[295,448,1544,1570]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Northern" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Oro Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[459,679,1544,1571]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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.
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1437,1508,2039]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,322,1580,1606]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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A
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<taxonomicName box="[351,575,1580,1606]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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||
<emphasis box="[351,487,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Gerrhopilus</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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characterized by the unique combination of having a rounded snout in lateral view; LSR = 22 at midbody; TSR = 430; loreal absent; supralabial imbrication pattern T-V; subocular scale one; presubocular scale absent; a short, blunt, scale on the tail tip that is light brown and downturned; 9 glands in the prefrontal,
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<quantity box="[320,393,1688,1715]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 in</quantity>
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||
the supraocular,
|
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<quantity box="[590,676,1688,1714]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" metricValueMax="2.794" metricValueMin="2.286" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="10.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="9.0">9–11 in</quantity>
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||
the ocular,
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||
<quantity box="[812,913,1688,1715]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.636" metricValueMax="8.89" metricValueMin="8.382" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="34.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="33.0">33–35 in</quantity>
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the preocular, 0 in the frontal, and
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<quantity box="[1321,1393,1688,1714]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 in</quantity>
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the subocular; L/W = 42.6; TL/SVL = 0.036; and a dark-brown venter with scattered white scales mid-ventrally on the posterior half of the body. Its size is large for this species group (
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<tableCitation box="[876,960,1760,1786]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="17.[151,244,552,578]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 1. Mensural and count data for members of the Gerrhopilus inornatus Group. Forward slashes separate counts on the right and left sides, respectively." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Table 1</tableCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1437,1508,2039]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,1941]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,595,1796,1822]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Comparisons with other species.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[604,848,1796,1822]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wallachi">
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<emphasis box="[604,848,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Gerrhopilus wallachi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wallach" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[1109,1274,1796,1822]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fredparkeri">
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<emphasis box="[1109,1274,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. fredparkeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kraus" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1290,1393,1796,1822]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hades">
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<emphasis box="[1290,1393,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. hades</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pyron & Wallach" authorityYear="2014" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. inornatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[272,431,1832,1858]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="slapcinskyi">
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<emphasis box="[272,431,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. slapcinskyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brongersma" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[490,622,1832,1858]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suturalis">
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<emphasis box="[490,622,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. suturalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having 22 longitudinal scale rows at midbody (vs
|
||
<quantity box="[1207,1263,1832,1858]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="16.0">16 in</quantity>
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||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wallach" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[1268,1429,1832,1858]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fredparkeri">
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||
<emphasis box="[1268,1429,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. fredparkeri</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<quantity box="[151,211,1868,1894]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="18.0">18 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kraus" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[220,322,1868,1894]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hades">
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||
<emphasis box="[220,322,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. hades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brongersma" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[382,517,1868,1894]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suturalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[382,517,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. suturalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, and
|
||
<quantity box="[583,643,1868,1894]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="20.0">20 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pyron & Wallach" authorityYear="2014" box="[652,797,1868,1894]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[652,797,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. inornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[856,1019,1868,1894]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="slapcinskyi">
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||
<emphasis box="[856,1019,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. slapcinskyi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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). It is further distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wallach" baseAuthorityYear="1996" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fredparkeri">
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. fredparkeri</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[292,454,1904,1930]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyadenus">
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||
<emphasis box="[292,454,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. polyadenus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[514,673,1904,1930]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="slapcinskyi">
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||
<emphasis box="[514,673,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. slapcinskyi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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in having fewer transverse scale rows (430 vs
|
||
<quantity box="[1192,1262,1904,1931]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.36906" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="539.0">539 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wallach" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[1268,1429,1904,1930]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fredparkeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1268,1429,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. fredparkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[151,278,1940,1966]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7978" metricValueMax="8.128" metricValueMin="7.4676" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="307.0" valueMax="320.0" valueMin="294.0">294–320 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[283,445,1940,1966]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyadenus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[283,445,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. polyadenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<quantity box="[504,631,1940,1966]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8232" metricValueMax="8.0772" metricValueMin="7.5691999999999995" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="308.0" valueMax="318.0" valueMin="298.0">298–318 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[636,795,1940,1966]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="slapcinskyi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[636,795,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. slapcinskyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pyron & Wallach" authorityYear="2014" box="[878,1019,1940,1966]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[878,1019,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. inornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having more transverse scale rows (430 vs
|
||
<quantity box="[244,372,1976,2003]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5123" metricValueMax="9.525" metricValueMin="9.4996" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="374.5" valueMax="375.0" valueMin="374.0">374–375 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pyron & Wallach" authorityYear="2014" box="[380,523,1976,2002]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[380,523,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. inornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), a short, blunt, downturned tail spine (vs sharp and protruding in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pyron & Wallach" authorityYear="2014" box="[1283,1426,1976,2002]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1283,1426,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. inornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) more glands in the prefrontal (9 vs
|
||
<quantity box="[542,613,2012,2038]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pyron & Wallach" authorityYear="2014" box="[619,760,2012,2038]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[619,760,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. inornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), ocular (9–11 vs
|
||
<quantity box="[962,1033,2012,2038]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" metricValueMax="15.24" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="3.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="0.0">0–6 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pyron & Wallach" authorityYear="2014" box="[1039,1180,2012,2038]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1039,1180,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. inornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and preocular (33–35 vs
|
||
<quantity box="[186,289,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" metricValueMax="6.096" metricValueMin="5.588" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="in" value="23.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="22.0">22–24 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pyron & Wallach" authorityYear="2014" box="[299,444,151,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[299,444,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G. inornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[537,719,151,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papuanorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[537,719,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G. papuanorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a short, blunt, downturned tail spine (vs sharp and protruding in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[304,483,187,213]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papuanorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[304,483,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G. papuanorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), more glands in the ocular (9–11 vs
|
||
<quantity box="[896,966,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="in" value="1.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.0">0–3 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[972,1151,187,213]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papuanorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[972,1151,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G. papuanorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and preocular (33–35 vs
|
||
<quantity box="[151,251,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" metricValueMax="7.112" metricValueMin="4.572" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="in" value="23.0" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="18.0">18–28 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[259,438,223,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papuanorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[259,438,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G. papuanorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and a longer tail (TL/SVL = 0.036 vs
|
||
<quantity box="[891,1062,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.968999999999999" metricValueMax="6.604" metricValueMin="5.334" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="in" value="0.0235" valueMax="0.026" valueMin="0.021">
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[891,953,223,249]" degrees="0.021" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="0.021">0.021</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[953,1032,223,249]" degrees="0.026" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="55" value="-0.026">–0.026</geoCoordinate>
|
||
in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2023" box="[1069,1249,223,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papuanorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1069,1249,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G. papuanorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kraus" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1335,1436,223,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hades">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1335,1436,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G. hades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having 24 longitudinal scale rows behind the head (vs
|
||
<quantity box="[796,854,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="in" value="18.0">18 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kraus" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[861,961,259,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hades">
|
||
<emphasis box="[861,961,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G. hades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brongersma" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[1095,1229,259,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suturalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1095,1229,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G. suturalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a single postocular on each side of the head (vs two in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brongersma" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[671,804,295,321]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suturalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[671,804,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G. suturalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and lacking a presubocular (vs present in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brongersma" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[1287,1420,295,321]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suturalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1287,1420,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">G. suturalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It is further distinguished from all of these species in having a venter that is brown with white (possibly yellow in life) mid-ventral scales throughout the posterior third of the body (vs venter uniformly brown in all the other species).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,545,438,465]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[431,538,439,465]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Female. L =
|
||
<quantity box="[705,827,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.175" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="217.5">217.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, SVL =
|
||
<quantity box="[927,1027,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="210.0">210 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TL =
|
||
<quantity box="[1107,1199,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, HW =
|
||
<quantity box="[1293,1386,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="4.1">4.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, SN =
|
||
<quantity box="[177,270,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, SW =
|
||
<quantity box="[361,455,474,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, PSN =
|
||
<quantity box="[556,649,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, RW = 2.0 mm, EW =
|
||
<quantity box="[928,1022,474,501]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, W =
|
||
<quantity box="[1096,1190,474,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="5.1">5.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, VW =
|
||
<quantity box="[1285,1378,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TW =
|
||
<quantity box="[176,270,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, L/W = 42.6, TL/SVL = 0.036. Head slightly wider than neck. Snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views. Snout anterior to lower jaw angled slightly ventrally. Rostral moderately large (RW/HW = 0.49), oval dorsally, lateral margins convex, posterior border extending approximately two-thirds way between naris and eye, posterior margin straight; ventrally surface papillose, with straight sides and posterior margin concave. Nasals separated dorsally by prefrontal (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[621,715,654,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,197,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[174,1413,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal and lateral views of heads for members of the Gerrhopilus inornatus Group having 22 midbody scale rows and venters marked with yellow. A, B holotype of Gerrhopilus wallachi (MCZ 140724); C, D holotype of Gerrhopilus flavinotatus (MCZ 175100); E, F holotype of Gerrhopilus lorealis (BPBM 2272)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7571501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7571501/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
); superior nasal large, with sinuous posterior margin, concave dorsally, convex ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[475,568,690,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,197,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[174,1413,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal and lateral views of heads for members of the Gerrhopilus inornatus Group having 22 midbody scale rows and venters marked with yellow. A, B holotype of Gerrhopilus wallachi (MCZ 140724); C, D holotype of Gerrhopilus flavinotatus (MCZ 175100); E, F holotype of Gerrhopilus lorealis (BPBM 2272)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7571501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7571501/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). External naris semicircular, oriented obliquely, close to rostral, anterior half covered by inferior nasal; superior nasal suture extending anterodorsally from naris to rostral; inferior nasal suture complete, contacting second supralabial well posterior to latter’s contact with first supralabial. Prefrontal and supraoculars subequal in size, larger than frontal, parietals, and interparietal, which are also subequal in size. Preocular large, triangular; larger than ocular but smaller than superior nasal, posterior margin sinuous. Ocular large, smaller than preocular, extending dorsally well above preocular, extending ventrally to ~2/3 depth of preocular, bordered posteroventrally by subocular of less than half its size. Eye obscure, with indistinct margin and large but obscure pupil, situated at widest point of ocular and approximately midway along its height, anterior half covered by preocular plate in lateral view. Four postoculars bordering ocular and subocular between parietal and fourth supralabial. Four supralabials, third the largest, all with long axis oblique to long axis of body, first approximately rectangular. Supralabial imbrication pattern T-V, posterior border of second supralabial overlaps anteroventral margin of preocular, that of third supralabial overlaps anteroventral margin of subocular and ends just posterior to rear margin of preocular. Mental crescentic, wider than long, projecting slightly beyond curve of lower jaw and fitting into notch on upper lip when mouth is closed. Infralabials two on each side, second much longer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Longitudinal scale rows 24 behind head, 22 at midbody, and 22 anterior to vent; transverse scale rows 430,
|
||
<specimenCount pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="intercalary">15 intercalary</specimenCount>
|
||
scales along vertebral row; subcaudals 15; dorsocaudals 14; apical region with short, blunt, downturned scale that extends only short distance past last scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rostral, nasals, and preoculars densely covered in small pale glands; oculars with 11 (R) and 9 (L) glands, preoculars with 35 (R) and 33 (L), supraoculars with 5 (R) and 3 (L), prefrontal with 9; suboculars with 4 (R) and 3 (L), and frontal without glands.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">In preservative, 49 years after preservation, body dark brown above and below; no sharp distinction between dorsal and ventral shading; each scale uniformly dark. Venter with mid-ventral line of scattered white scales on posterior half of body, only single scale wide except one small blotch that is 2–3 scales wide, these joining into a discontinuous line of white scales on portion of posterior third of body but becoming only scattered white scales again before vent; vent bordered anteriorly by white blotch two scales wide; row of four white blotches under tail that are 1–2 scales wide. Anterior tip and margins of rostral, area around nares, first supralabial, mental, infralabials, and center of throat to two scales behind mental pale straw yellow; second, third, and fourth supralabials pale straw yellow with brown along dorsal margins. Head glands pale straw yellow; tail tip corneus brown, paler than remaining body scales. Iris dark gray, obscure; pupil paler gray.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,334,1771,1797]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name is a genitive singular honorific for Van Wallach in recognition of his numerous contributions to the systematics of blindsnakes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[199,845,1842,1869]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,845,1842,1869]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,353,1842,1868]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[608,656,1843,1869]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[763,832,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1069,1093]" captionTargetBox="[181,1408,456,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-148@5.[179,1408,453,1045]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map of southern Papua New Guinea showing collecting localities for Gerrhopilus inornatus (star), G. flavinotatus (diamond), G. lorealis (hexagon), G. papuanorum (square), G. polyadenus (open circles), G. slapcinskyi (filled circle), and G. wallachi (triangle)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7571491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7571491/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,1879,1905]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The sole specimen was examined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wallach, V." box="[746,920,1879,1905]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="107 - 118" refId="ref19774" refString="Wallach, V. (1996) Two new blind snakes of the Typhlops ater species group from Papua New Guinea (Serpentes: Typhlopidae). Russian Journal of Herpetology, 3, 107 - 118." type="journal article" year="1996">Wallach (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pyron, R. A. & Wallach, V." box="[977,1256,1879,1905]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 81" refId="ref19325" refString="Pyron, R. A. & Wallach, V. (2014) Systematics of the blind snakes (Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopoidea) based on molecular and morphological evidence. Zootaxa, 3829 (1), 1 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3829.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">Pyron & Wallach (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who listed it as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wallach" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,366,1915,1941]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,366,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Typhlops inornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |