304 lines
37 KiB
XML
304 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="C1082F30666BBBEF193113E9BCD6255F" ID-CLB-Dataset="20762" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3365.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1db9bc74-46dd-4263-9784-88a59bd05d59" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6038900" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629787146833" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Garcia, Francisco Hita & Fisher, Brian L." docDate="2012" docId="03EF6217BF2CFFDA0AC0F9C19D5CAA48" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03365p123.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3365" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Tetramorium orientale Forel 1895" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FFD61A6FBF39FFC20A57FF889C5BAB77" masterDocTitle="The ant genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Malagasy region — taxonomy of the T. bessonii, T. bonibony, T. dysalum, T. marginatum, T. tsingy, and T. weitzeckeri species groups" masterLastPageNumber="123" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1699142484625" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="AC6D2C9B95EF923BF2EC8264177B7E1D">The ant genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Malagasy region — taxonomy of the T. bessonii, T. bonibony, T. dysalum, T. marginatum, T. tsingy, and T. weitzeckeri species groups</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E424980FFBD7CC281FB2CABEAA6A95CA">Garcia, Francisco Hita</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1C6552DB63CCD5B8BFD0E19284B01417">Fisher, Brian L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2002E215D5C3E323E227BD6B2651764A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="66105B688163738418F09BE2E7BFB517">
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<mods:date id="28441BE319B2A154B7DB811A020D853C">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FDD44AA715B243692D35B5DAD336A88D">2012-07-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2626D01D91FFB10C766B1F6DBDCAFE30">3365</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="AC6FB69754621767B1F6F098C0CDD41D" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3365.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EF6217BF2CFFDA0AC0F9C19D5CAA48" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5641865" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193281056" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5641865" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF6217BF2CFFDA0AC0F9C19D5CAA48" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF6217BF2CFFDA0AC0F9C19D5CAA48" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection id="C35C808ABF2CFFD70AC0F9C19EFFAD15" box="[151,676,1608,1635]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF9D301BF2CFFD70AC0F9C19EFFAD15" blockId="21.[151,676,1608,1668]" box="[151,676,1608,1635]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="D0B1646DBF2CFFD70AC0F9C19EFFAD15" bold="true" box="[151,676,1608,1635]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2CFFD70AC0F9C19EFFAD15" bold="true" box="[151,676,1608,1635]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2CFFD70AC0F9C19E13AD15" authority="Forel, 1895 a" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,584,1608,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientale">
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<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2CFFD70AC0F9C19DF3AD14" bold="true" box="[151,424,1609,1635]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tetramorium orientale</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD7AEF0BF2CFFD70BF8F9C09E13AD15" author="Forel, A." box="[431,584,1608,1634]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="243 - 251" refId="ref87132" refString="Forel, A. (1895 a) Nouvelles fourmis de l'Imerina oriental (Moramanga etc.). Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique, 39, 243 - 251." type="journal article" year="1895">Forel, 1895a</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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stat. n.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C808ABF2CFFD70AC0F9E49D3DADF3" box="[151,358,1644,1668]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF9D301BF2CFFD70AC0F9E49D3DADF3" blockId="21.[151,676,1608,1668]" box="[151,358,1644,1668]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">(figs 7, 20, 21, 22)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C808ABF2CFFD70AC0F92598C3ADA8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF9D301BF2CFFD70AC0F92598C3ADA8" blockId="21.[151,1436,1709,1759]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB56F42FBF2CFFD70AC0F92598C3ADA8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE7F510BF2CFFD70AC0F9259F10ADB5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640931" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5640931" author="Forel, A." box="[151,843,1709,1730]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F2E30ABEA43254531692B026C3BDF396" page="247" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1895">
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<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2CFFD70AC0F9259F10ADB5" authority="Forel, 1895 a: 247" authorityName="Forel" authorityPageNumber="247" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,843,1709,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="bessonii" subGenus="Xiphomyrmex" variety="orientale">
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<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2CFFD70AC0F9259E51ADB5" box="[151,522,1709,1730]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tetramorium (Xiphomyrmex) bessonii</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2CFFD70816F9259ECCADB5" box="[577,663,1709,1730]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">orientale</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD7AEF0BF2CFFD708F6F9259F10ADB5" author="Forel, A." box="[673,843,1709,1730]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="243 - 251" refId="ref87132" refString="Forel, A. (1895 a) Nouvelles fourmis de l'Imerina oriental (Moramanga etc.). Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique, 39, 243 - 251." type="journal article" year="1895">Forel, 1895a:247</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54FD6DA3BF2CFFD7090FF9259FEAADB5" box="[856,945,1709,1730]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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worker,
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<collectingCountry id="F3519391BF2CFFD70E5AF92598E1ADB5" box="[1037,1210,1709,1730]" name="Madagascar" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49821DE3BF2CFFD70E90F925991FADB5" box="[1223,1348,1709,1730]" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fianarantsoa</collectingRegion>
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, Imerina (
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<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2CFFD70A98F9429D55ADA8" box="[207,270,1738,1759]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sikora</emphasis>
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) (MHNG: CASENT0101744) [examined]. [Synonymy with
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<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2CFFD7090FF9429FE5ADA8" ID-CoL="55PJG" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1891" box="[856,958,1738,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bessonii">
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<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2CFFD7090FF9429FE5ADA8" box="[856,958,1738,1759]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">T. bessonii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE7F510BF2CFFD709B5F94298D5ADA8" author="Bolton, B." box="[994,1166,1738,1759]" page="141" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1979">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD7AEF0BF2CFFD709B5F94298D5ADA8" author="Bolton, B." box="[994,1166,1738,1759]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="129 - 181" refId="ref86314" refString="Bolton, B. (1979) The ant tribe Tetramoriini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The genus Tetramorium Mayr in the Malagasy region and in the New World. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 38, 129 - 181." type="journal article" year="1979">Bolton, 1979:141</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSection id="E2C9CAEABF2CFFD70AC0F88D9ED0ACA6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="multiple">
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<subSubSection id="C35C808ABF2CFFD70AC0F88D9ED0ACA6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BF9D301BF2CFFD70AC0F88D9D51AC69" blockId="21.[151,1436,1797,2001]" box="[151,266,1797,1822]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="D0B1646DBF2CFFD70AC0F88D9D51AC69" bold="true" box="[151,266,1797,1822]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2CFFD70AC0F88D9D51AC69" bold="true" box="[151,266,1797,1822]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF9D301BF2CFFD70AC0F8A29ED0ACA6" blockId="21.[151,1436,1797,2001]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2CFFD70AC0F8A29DCDAC36" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,406,1833,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientale">
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<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2CFFD70AC0F8A29DCDAC36" box="[151,406,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tetramorium orientale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is easily recognisable within its species group due to the character combination of: welldeveloped, conspicuous promesonotal suture; high nodiform petiolar node in profile with approximately parallel anterior and posterior faces, anterodorsal and posterodorsal angles at about same height, dorsum not tapering backwards posteriorly; absence of standing hairs on waist segments and first gastral tergite, and very short, appressed pubescence on first gastral tergite.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</subSection>
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<caption id="DF398389BF2FFFD40AC0F83B9DB9AC9B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6038924" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6038924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6038924/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[151,264,1971,1994]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1950]" targetPageId="22">
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<paragraph id="8BF9D301BF2FFFD40AC0F83B9DB9AC9B" blockId="22.[151,1436,1971,2028]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2FFFD40AC0F83B9D0CACBD" bold="true" box="[151,343,1971,1994]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FIGURES 20–22.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2FFFD40B37F83C9D8CACBE" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" box="[352,471,1971,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientale">
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<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2FFFD40B37F83C9D8CACBE" box="[352,471,1971,1993]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">T. orientale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, holotype—CASENT0101744 (April Nobile 2006). 20. Body in profile. 21. Body in dorsal view. 22. Head in full-face view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSection id="E2C9CAEABF2EFFD50AC0FF1F9E6BAF67" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="multiple">
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<subSubSection id="C35C808ABF2EFFD50AC0FF1F9E6BAF67" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF9D301BF2EFFD50AC0FF1F9D7AABC7" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,1040]" box="[151,289,151,176]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<heading id="D0B1646DBF2EFFD50AC0FF1F9D7AABC7" bold="true" box="[151,289,151,176]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD50AC0FF1F9D7AABC7" bold="true" box="[151,289,151,176]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Description</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF9D301BF2EFFD50AC0FF349EA6AA6B" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,1040]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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HL 0.82; HW 0.84; SL 0.62; EL 0.18;
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<collectingCountry id="F3519391BF2EFFD50802FF349E23ABA4" box="[597,632,188,211]" name="Philippines" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">PH</collectingCountry>
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0.48; PW 0.63; WL 1.06; PSL 0.28; PTL 0.19; PTH 0.34; PTW 0.30; PPL 0.25; PPH 0.35; PPW 0.39; CI 102; SI 74; OI 21; DMI 59; LMI 45; PSLI 34; PeNI 47; LPeI 57; DPeI 155; PpNI 62; LPpI 71; DPpI 156; PPI 132 (one measured).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF9D301BF2EFFD50A90FEAF9E6BAF67" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,1040]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Head wider than long (CI 102). Anterior clypeal margin with distinct median impression. Frontal carinae well developed, ending shortly between posterior eye margin and posterior head margin. Antennal scrobes faint to absent, posterior and ventral margins not differentiated. Antennal scapes short, not reaching posterior head margin (SI 74). Eyes small to moderate (OI 21). Mesosomal outline in profile convex, dorsally transversely rounded, weakly marginate from lateral to dorsal mesosoma, promesonotal suture present, metanotal groove weakly developed; mesosoma comparatively stout and high (LMI 45). Propodeal spines long, spinose, and acute (PSLI 34). Propodeal lobes very small and broadly triangular. Petiolar node high nodiform, anterior and posterior faces approximately parallel, anterodorsal and posterodorsal angles at about same height, dorsum not tapering backwards posteriorly; node in dorsal view not strongly transverse, approximately 1.5 to 1.6 times wider than long (DPeI 155), in lateral view 1.8 times higher than long (LPeI 57). Postpetiole in profile rounded and weakly anteroposteriorly compressed, 1.4 times higher than long (LPpI 71), in dorsal view approximately approximately 1.5 to 1.6 times wider than long (DPpI 156). Postpetiole in profile approximately as voluminous as petiolar node, in dorsal view 1.3 times wider than petiolar node (PPI 132). Mandibles striate; clypeus with strong median longitudinal rugae and one weaker ruga at each side; cephalic dorsum between frontal carinae with one well-developed longitudinal median ruga and traces of short rugulae laterally, median ruga of same length as frontal carinae and diverging approximately at eye level into two rugae running to posterior clypeal margin; scrobal area unsculptured, lateral and ventral head anteriorly with irregular longitudinal rugulae, posteriorly with almost unsculptured; ground sculpture on head faint to absent. Mesosoma, waist segments, and gaster unsculptured, smooth, and shining. Head with several pairs of standing hairs, mesosoma with only one pair on pronotal dorsum, waist segments and first gastral tergite without any pilosity; all dorsal surfaces of body with widely-spaced, very short, and appressed pubescence. Body uniformly brown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</subSection>
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<subSection id="E2C9CAEABF2EFFDA0AC0FBC89D5CAA48" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="multiple">
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<subSubSection id="C35C808ABF2EFFD50AC0FBC89E49AD03" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF9D301BF2EFFD50AC0FBC89C81AF2F" blockId="23.[151,1438,1088,2012]" box="[151,218,1088,1112]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<heading id="D0B1646DBF2EFFD50AC0FBC89C81AF2F" bold="true" box="[151,218,1088,1112]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD50AC0FBC89C81AF2F" bold="true" box="[151,218,1088,1112]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Notes</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF9D301BF2EFFD50AC0FBEC98FDAFB3" blockId="23.[151,1438,1088,2012]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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This species is only known from the
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<typeStatus id="54FD6DA3BF2EFFD5086BFBEC9E37AF0B" box="[572,620,1124,1148]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
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locality. Unfortunately, the information from the
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<typeStatus id="54FD6DA3BF2EFFD50EF6FBEC988AAF0B" box="[1185,1233,1124,1148]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
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label data is very limited. The locality given is "Imerina", which can mean a wide area on the Central Plateau of
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<collectingCountry id="F3519391BF2EFFD50E82FB0F9905AFE8" box="[1237,1374,1159,1183]" name="Madagascar" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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. This very broad geographical reference does not allow an exact determination of the
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<typeStatus id="54FD6DA3BF2EFFD50E42FB24981EAFB3" box="[1045,1093,1196,1220]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF9D301BF2EFFD50A90FB589E49AD03" blockId="23.[151,1438,1088,2012]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD50A90FB589D96AF9F" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" box="[199,461,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD50A90FB589D96AF9F" box="[199,461,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Tetramorium orientale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described as subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD509B3FB599945AF90" authority="(Forel, 1895 a)" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[996,1310,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bessonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD509B3FB59983FAF9F" box="[996,1124,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. bessonii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7AEF0BF2EFFD50E2CFB47994DAF90" author="Forel, A." box="[1147,1302,1231,1255]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="243 - 251" refId="ref87132" refString="Forel, A. (1895 a) Nouvelles fourmis de l'Imerina oriental (Moramanga etc.). Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique, 39, 243 - 251." type="journal article" year="1895">Forel, 1895a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and later synonymised under the same species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7AEF0BF2EFFD50837FB7C9EA5AE7B" author="Bolton, B." box="[608,766,1268,1292]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="129 - 181" refId="ref86314" refString="Bolton, B. (1979) The ant tribe Tetramoriini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The genus Tetramorium Mayr in the Malagasy region and in the New World. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 38, 129 - 181." type="journal article" year="1979">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49821DE3BF2EFFD50837FB7C9EEBAE7B" box="[608,688,1268,1292]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Bolton</collectingRegion>
|
||
, 1979
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This synonymisation is understandable considering the geographically limited material available at the time.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD7AEF0BF2EFFD508BBFA9F9FD2AE58" author="Bolton, B." box="[748,905,1303,1327]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="129 - 181" refId="ref86314" refString="Bolton, B. (1979) The ant tribe Tetramoriini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The genus Tetramorium Mayr in the Malagasy region and in the New World. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 38, 129 - 181." type="journal article" year="1979">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49821DE3BF2EFFD508BBFA9F9F63AE58" box="[748,824,1303,1327]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Bolton</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1979)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
only revised
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD50E77FA9198C3AE47" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[1056,1176,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bessonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD50E77FA9198C3AE47" box="[1056,1176,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. bessonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
since none of the other species group members were known, and the only specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD5093BFAB59FB5AE23" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" box="[876,1006,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD5093BFAB59FB5AE23" box="[876,1006,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. orientale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was most likely a rare variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD50FD0FAB59CA8AE0F" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bessonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD50FD0FAB59CA8AE0F" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. bessonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, our study shows that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD50833FAE99EBEAE0F" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" box="[612,741,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD50833FAE99EBEAE0F" box="[612,741,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. orientale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD509A6FAE99832AE0F" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[1009,1129,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bessonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD509A6FAE99832AE0F" box="[1009,1129,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. bessonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
since both differ in several aspects that provide sufficient evidence to raise
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD50896FA0D9F18AEEB" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" box="[705,835,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD50896FA0D9F18AEEB" box="[705,835,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. orientale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to species status. The petiolar node shape, which is strongly anteroposteriorly compressed with the anterodorsal margin situated higher than the posterodorsal in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD50FD0FA219CA8AE93" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bessonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD50FD0FA219CA8AE93" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. bessonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is less compressed, more high nodiform with antero- and posterodorsal margins at about the same height in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD50AE3FA799D6DAD7F" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" box="[180,310,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD50AE3FA799D6DAD7F" box="[180,310,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. orientale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, the cephalic sculpture consisting of several rugae between the frontal carinae always present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD50B44F99D9DD5AD5B" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[275,398,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bessonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD50B44F99D9DD5AD5B" box="[275,398,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. bessonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reduced to a single median ruga in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD50900F99D9F80AD5B" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" box="[855,987,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD50900F99D9F80AD5B" box="[855,987,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. orientale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Another character that separates both species is head shape. The head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD5087BF9B19EFEAD27" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[556,677,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bessonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD5087BF9B19EFEAD27" box="[556,677,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. bessonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is always distinctly longer than wide (CI 92–96) while it is wider than long in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD50B73F9D59DFFAD03" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" box="[292,420,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD50B73F9D59DFFAD03" box="[292,420,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. orientale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CI 102).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35C808ABF2EFFDA0A90F9F79D5CAA48" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9D301BF2EFFDA0A90F9F79D5CAA48" blockId="23.[151,1438,1088,2012]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1438,151,320]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Within the species group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD50BBBF9099E36ADEF" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" box="[492,621,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD50BBBF9099E36ADEF" box="[492,621,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. orientale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically closer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD509E1F9099866ADEF" authorityName="Hita Garcia & Fisher" authorityYear="2012" box="[950,1085,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malagasy">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD509E1F9099866ADEF" box="[950,1085,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. malagasy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD50E23F9099971ADEF" authorityName="Hita Garcia & Fisher" authorityYear="2012" box="[1140,1322,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ryanphelanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD50E23F9099971ADEF" box="[1140,1322,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. ryanphelanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All three have the high nodiform petiolar node in profile in common, which differs from the strongly anteroposteriorly compressed node seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD50B9BF9419E1BADA8" authorityName="Hita Garcia & Fisher" authorityYear="2012" box="[460,576,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artemis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD50B9BF9419E1BADA8" box="[460,576,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. artemis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD50803F9419E8AAD97" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[596,721,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bessonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD50803F9419E8AAD97" box="[596,721,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. bessonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD5094DF9419F20AD97" authorityName="Hita Garcia & Fisher" authorityYear="2012" box="[794,891,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD5094DF9419F20AD97" box="[794,891,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. wardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD50E5FF94198D5AD97" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" box="[1032,1166,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD50E5FF94198D5AD97" box="[1032,1166,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. orientale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
displays much shorter pubescence and a lack of standing hairs on waist segments and first gastral tergite in comparison to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD50FD0F9659D6AAC5F" authorityName="Hita Garcia & Fisher" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ryanphelanae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD50FD0F9659D6AAC5F" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. ryanphelanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, making these species unlikely to be confused.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD50911F8989813AC5F" authorityName="Hita Garcia & Fisher" authorityYear="2012" box="[838,1096,1808,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malagasy">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD50911F8989813AC5F" box="[838,1096,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Tetramorium malagasy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD50FD0F8999CA7AC3B" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD50FD0F8999CA7AC3B" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. orientale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and it is possible that both are indeed the same species. The only character separating them is the welldeveloped and conspicuous promesonotal suture, which is present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD509C8F8D1987BAC07" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" box="[927,1056,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD509C8F8D1987BAC07" box="[927,1056,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. orientale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the lack of it in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD50F47F8D199CEAC07" authorityName="Hita Garcia & Fisher" authorityYear="2012" box="[1296,1429,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malagasy">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD50F47F8D199CEAC07" box="[1296,1429,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. malagasy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A single morphological character might seem to be a weak argument, but our decision is based on the examination of a large number of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD50BD3F8299E50ACCF" authorityName="Hita Garcia & Fisher" authorityYear="2012" box="[388,523,1952,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malagasy">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD50BD3F8299E50ACCF" box="[388,523,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. malagasy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens from numerous localities throughout
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3519391BF2EFFD50E65F82898E0ACCF" box="[1074,1211,1952,1976]" name="Madagascar" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and, as pointed out above, not a single one showed the noticeable promesonotal suture seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF2EFFD50E79F84D98EEACAB" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" box="[1070,1205,1988,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF2EFFD50E79F84D98EEACAB" box="[1070,1205,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">T. orientale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unfortunately, the unknown type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF21FFDA0B95FF119E1EABC7" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" box="[450,581,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF21FFDA0B95FF119E1EABC7" box="[450,581,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">T. orientale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
makes it difficult to obtain fresh specimens. Furthermore, since it is only known from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FD6DA3BF21FFDA0B07FF349DEEABA3" box="[336,437,188,212]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, which is more than 100 years old, it is not possible to recover genetic material that could be used to test this ant’s conspecificity with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF21FFDA08C7FF699F4DAB8F" authorityName="Hita Garcia & Fisher" authorityYear="2012" box="[656,790,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malagasy">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF21FFDA08C7FF699F4DAB8F" box="[656,790,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">T. malagasy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For all of these reasons, we consider both to be distinct species, although we cannot rule out the possibility that the single specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF21FFDA0E5EFE8D98D2AA6B" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" box="[1033,1161,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF21FFDA0E5EFE8D98D2AA6B" box="[1033,1161,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">T. orientale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an aberrant form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C46A882BF21FFDA0FD0FE8D9D5AAA37" authorityName="Hita Garcia & Fisher" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malagasy">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9320F13BF21FFDA0FD0FE8D9D5AAA37" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">T. malagasy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |