213 lines
25 KiB
XML
213 lines
25 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E1B8AE501C846AECEF0EDA34B2ADC475">Revision of Australian species of the dung beetle genus Lepanus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): key to species groups and description of 14 new species from the L. pygmaeus species group</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E7C73E10BD21E24367C75D26DB53006B">Gunter, Nicole L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="100E9C087E8BAAFBE50666F987471A34">Weir, Thomas A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6AC3CB3B93235FFE56742016FA4348A2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<heading id="D0DD2169FFB78D6EA3DAF8B7578B9611" bold="true" box="[151,738,1793,1819]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="69" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95E4A17FFB78D6EA3DAF8B7578B9611" bold="true" box="[151,738,1793,1819]" pageId="28" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AED86FFB78D6EA3DAF8B7572C9611" ID-CoL="3T8V2" authority="Gunter & Weir" authorityName="Gunter & Weir" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,581,1793,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Lepanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mckenziei" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95E4A17FFB78D6EA3DAF8B754179611" bold="true" box="[151,382,1793,1819]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="69">Lepanus mckenziei</emphasis>
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Gunter & Weir
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26DF76CFFB78D6EA11FF8B7578B9611" box="[594,738,1793,1819]" pageId="28" pageNumber="69" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C330C58EFFB78D6EA3DAF89254F69636" box="[151,415,1828,1853]" pageId="28" pageNumber="69" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B959605FFB78D6EA3DAF89254F69636" blockId="28.[151,738,1793,1853]" box="[151,415,1828,1853]" pageId="28" pageNumber="69">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13118A80FFB78D6EA3D2F89254689637" box="[159,257,1828,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox="[235,1333,202,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[213,1373,193,1926]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. Habitus of species within the Lepanus pygmaeus species group. A, Lepanus lingziae; B, Lepanus mckenziei; C, Lepanus menendezae; D, Lepanus pecki; E: Lepanus podocarp; F, Lepanus pungalina. All specimens in comparative scale. Scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2588633/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="69">Figs. 6B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13118A80FFB78D6EA240F89254589636" box="[269,305,1828,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[190,1384,223,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[173,1427,195,1873]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Pygidial configuration of species within the Lepanus pygmaeus species group. A, Lepanus andersonorum; B, Lepanus crenidens; C, Lepanus feehani; D, Lepanus gubara; E, Lepanus guthrieae; F, Lepanus lentil; G, Lepanus lingziae; H, Lepanus mckenziei; I, Lepanus menendezae. All specimens in comparative scale. Scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2588637/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="69">8H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13118A80FFB78D6EA270F89254049636" box="[317,365,1828,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[195,1359,208,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[194,1392,193,1889]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 11. Left, dorsal, and right view of aedeagi of species within the Lepanus pygmaeus species group. A, Lepanus lentil; B, Lepanus lingziae; C, Lepanus mckenziei; D, Lepanus menendezae; E, Lepanus pecki. Not in comparative scale, given size difference aedegi are roughly grouped in three size classes as per lower left schematic and scaled accordingly. Size class indicated by shaded silhouette and 0.2 mm scale bar." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2588643/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="69">11C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13118A80FFB78D6EA234F89254FF9636" box="[377,406,1828,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1220,1242]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1198]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,375,1198]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 14. Map of known records for 10 species within the Lepanus pygmaeus species group overlaid with predicted distribution boundary of L. pygmaeus (dashed line) taken from Fig. 13 map." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2588649/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="69">14</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C330C58EFFB78D6EA3DAF8DA515796FA" pageId="28" pageNumber="69" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B959605FFB78D6EA3DAF8DA515796FA" blockId="28.[151,1437,1900,2033]" pageId="28" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis id="B95E4A17FFB78D6EA3DAF8DA54F7968F" bold="true" box="[151,414,1900,1925]" pageId="28" pageNumber="69">
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Type series.
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<materialsCitation id="3B429C58FFB78D6EA265F8DA54F7968F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2012745389" box="[296,414,1900,1925]" collectingDate="1989-01" collectingDateMax="86-06-03" collectingDateMin="1989-01" collectionCode="CALM, ANIC, WAM" collectorName="N. McKenzie" county="Berlesate" latitude="-15.416667" location="Site" longLatPrecision="1285" longitude="124.63333" municipality="Augustus Island" pageId="28" pageNumber="69" specimenCode="ANIC 1270" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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:
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</materialsCitation>
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="9D2C5D8CFFB78D6EA2E8F8DB54D3968E" box="[421,442,1901,1924]" pageId="28" pageNumber="69" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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“
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, CALM
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26/1,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BF10C7FFFB78D6EA01AF8DA5167968F" box="[855,1038,1900,1925]" pageId="28" pageNumber="69">Augustus Island</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<date id="FF94B0C5FFB78D6EA754F8DB51E9968E" box="[1049,1152,1900,1924]" pageId="28" pageNumber="69" value="1989-01">
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<collectingDate id="EFD0492DFFB78D6EA754F8DB51E9968E" box="[1049,1152,1900,1924]" pageId="28" pageNumber="69" value="1989-01">Jan 1989</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName id="26DFF3D3FFB78D6EA7C6F8DB504A968F" box="[1163,1315,1900,1925]" pageId="28" pageNumber="69">N. McKenzie</collectorName>
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” [
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1EF0C2FFB78D6EA671F8DA50FE968F" box="[1340,1431,1900,1925]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="69" precision="925" value="-15.416667">15°25'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1EF0C2FFB78D6EA3DAF826546996A2" box="[151,256,1936,1960]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="69" precision="925" value="124.63333">124°38'E</geoCoordinate>
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] /“
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<collectingCounty id="62F4EE89FFB78D6EA26EF83954E696A2" box="[291,399,1935,1960]" pageId="28" pageNumber="69">Berlesate</collectingCounty>
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,
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<specimenCode id="DB8C3E7EFFB78D6EA2D1F826574D96A2" box="[412,548,1936,1960]" collectionCode="ANIC" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="28" pageNumber="69">ANIC 1270</specimenCode>
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, closed forest litter” / “ANIC Database No. 25-
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<date id="FF94B0C5FFB78D6EA70CF83951F396A2" box="[1089,1178,1935,1960]" pageId="28" pageNumber="69" value="86-06-03">
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<collectingDate id="EFD0492DFFB78D6EA70CF83951F396A2" box="[1089,1178,1935,1960]" pageId="28" pageNumber="69" value="86-06-03">060386</collectingDate>
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</date>
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” / “
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<taxonomicName id="4C2AED86FFB78D6EA78AF826504196A2" authorityName=", Matthews" authorityYear="1974" box="[1223,1320,1936,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Lepanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lepanus</taxonomicName>
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WA4 det.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBBEBF4FFB78D6EA3DAF802542996C6" author="Yeates, D. & Gunter, N. L. & Weir, T. & Cameron, S. L." box="[151,320,1972,1997]" pageId="28" pageNumber="69" pagination="92 - 99" refId="ref30201" refString="Yeates, D. K, Gunter, N. L., Weir, T. & Cameron, S. L. (2011) Developing a benchmark invertebrate group for biodiversity modelling. In: West, J. (Ed.), 21 st Century Taxonomy: accelerating research and discovery of Australia's biodiversity, Taxonomy Research and Identification Network Final Report- March, 2011, pp. 92 - 99. Available from: https: // www. environment. gov. au / system / files / pages / 56 c 08 f 6 f- 7 bf 7 - 4594 - 8175 - b 4 c 143110156 / files / hub-taxonomy. pdf (accessed 12 December 2018)" type="journal article" year="2011">T.A.Weir 2011</bibRefCitation>
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” / “ANIC Image” in WAM.
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B429C58FFB78D6EA1C0F802568B96FB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2012745395" collectingDate="1989-01" collectionCode="CALM" collectorName="N. McKenzie" latitude="-14.85" location="Site" longLatPrecision="1286" longitude="126.48333" municipality="Carson Escarpment" pageId="28" pageNumber="69" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis id="B95E4A17FFB78D6EA1C0F802566A96C7" bold="true" box="[653,771,1972,1997]" pageId="28" pageNumber="69">
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<typeStatus id="549128A7FFB78D6EA1C0F802579796C7" box="[653,766,1972,1997]" pageId="28" pageNumber="69" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED3B0EC0FFB78D6EA041F802563496C6" box="[780,861,1972,1996]" pageId="28" pageNumber="69">CALM</collectionCode>
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<location id="8EF5C0DEFFB78D6EA02AF80256FA96C7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03832713FFB78D6FA3DAF8B7576F9577:8EF5C0DEFFB78D6EA02AF80256FA96C7" box="[871,915,1972,1997]" latitude="-14.85" longLatPrecision="1286" longitude="126.48333" municipality="Carson Escarpment" name="Site" pageId="28" pageNumber="69">Site</location>
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10/4,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BF10C7FFFB78D6EA090F80251D496C6" box="[989,1213,1972,1996]" pageId="28" pageNumber="69">Carson Escarpment</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<locationDeviation id="9A278F27FFB78D6EA787F802547196FB" location="Theda Homestead" pageId="28" pageNumber="69">
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<quantity id="4CD23BE0FFB78D6EA787F802507B96C7" box="[1226,1298,1972,1997]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="28" pageNumber="69" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
|
||
ESE Theda Homestead
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
, [
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1EF0C2FFB78D6EA266F86E54EF96FB" box="[299,390,2008,2033]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="69" precision="925" value="-14.85">14°51'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1EF0C2FFB78D6EA2DFF86E549796FB" box="[402,510,2008,2033]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="69" precision="925" value="126.48333">126°29'E</geoCoordinate>
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],
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||
<date id="FF94B0C5FFB78D6EA15CF86E573396FB" box="[529,602,2008,2033]" pageId="28" pageNumber="69" value="1989-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD0492DFFB78D6EA15CF86E573396FB" box="[529,602,2008,2033]" pageId="28" pageNumber="69" value="1989-01">i.1989</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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||
<collectorName id="26DFF3D3FFB78D6EA128F86F579596FB" box="[613,764,2008,2033]" pageId="28" pageNumber="69">N. McKenzie</collectorName>
|
||
(25-
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD0492DFFB78D6EA063F86E56C096FA" box="[814,937,2008,2033]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="69">
|
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<date id="FF94B0C5FFB78D6EA063F86E56EF96FB" box="[814,902,2008,2033]" pageId="28" pageNumber="69" value="87-06-03">060387</date>
|
||
<date id="FF94B0C5FFB78D6EA0C0F86E56C096FA" box="[909,937,2008,2032]" pageId="28" pageNumber="69">x1</date>
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||
</collectingDate>
|
||
♀ in
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
ANIC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C330C58EFFB68D6FA38AFF2157BE928A" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B959605FFB68D6FA38AFF2156E191BA" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1149]" box="[199,904,151,176]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">
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||
<emphasis id="B95E4A17FFB68D6FA38AFF21543091BA" bold="true" box="[199,345,151,176]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">Description.</emphasis>
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||
Uniform brown in colour. Antennal clubs yellow.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B959605FFB68D6FA38AFF0A519B91DE" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1149]" box="[199,1266,188,213]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">
|
||
Total length: 1.8–2.0 mm.
|
||
<typeStatus id="549128A7FFB68D6FA2BDFF0A573191DF" box="[496,600,188,213]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
measurements: Total length
|
||
<quantity id="4CD23BE0FFB68D6FA0D1FF0A569D91DE" box="[924,1012,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, elytral width
|
||
<quantity id="4CD23BE0FFB68D6FA7D8FF0A518791DE" box="[1173,1262,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B959605FFB68D6FA38AFF6957AA906F" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">Male: Head: U-shaped between clypeal teeth, which are short and slightly upturned. Basal carina present but interrupted medially. Margin not angulate at clypeogenal suture. Genal angle weakly defined. Dorsal part of eyes narrow in size, separated by interocular space approximately 13 times eye width (26:2); eye canthus nearly dividing eye. Head 1.3 × wider than long (34:26).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B959605FFB68D6FA38AFED957C290A7" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">Prothorax: Hypomeral surface finely reticulate with light punctation. Basal margin rounded. Hypomeral striae long. Pronotum 1.65 × wider than long (54:33).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B959605FFB68D6FA38AFE01500390FE" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">Elytra: Surface smooth. Striae 1–5 narrow and double, with very fine punctate edges; striae 6-7 appearing single. All striae on disc equal width. Elytra 1.05 × wider than long (64:60). Elytral flange and groove narrow.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B959605FFB68D6FA38AFDB65436936A" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">Legs: Front edge of protibiae deeply angulate; apical digit somewhat elongate and sharp; 2 teeth on outer edge. Inner edge of metatibiae almost straight. Metatarsi with 2nd tarsomere subequal to the 5th. Tarsal claws minute, appearing simple.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B959605FFB68D6FA38AFDDA54B993E5" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">Abdomen: Pygidium with an almost ovoid depression containing a tubercle that is slightly horizontal positioned in upper third; tip of tubercle darker. Upper edge of pygidium concave. Depression occupies more than half of disc and extends under upper edge. Surface slightly reticulate. Abdominal ventrites finely reticulate right across. Segment 6 punctate.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B959605FFB68D6FA38AFD4A56699257" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">Pterothorax: Medial lobe of metaventrite finely punctate and broadly margined between mesocoxae. Lateral lobe of metaventrite smooth and punctate with setae. Meso-metaventral suture very slightly arched. Mesoventrite and mesepimeron smooth. Metanepisternum reticulate.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B959605FFB68D6FA38AFCD157BE928A" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1149]" box="[199,727,871,896]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">
|
||
Female: As per the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AED86FFB68D6FA2EFFCDF5759928A" authorityName="in Matthews" authorityYear="1974" box="[418,560,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Lepanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E4A17FFB68D6FA2EFFCDF54D8928A" box="[418,433,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E4A17FFB68D6FA28DFCDF5759928A" box="[448,560,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">pygmaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C330C58EFFB68D6FA38AFC3A567192C2" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B959605FFB68D6FA38AFC3A567192C2" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E4A17FFB68D6FA38AFC3A542792AF" bold="true" box="[199,334,908,933]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named for Norm McKenzie, who organized the
|
||
<date id="FF94B0C5FFB68D6FA0D5FC3A517F92AE" box="[920,1046,908,932]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" value="1988" valueMax="1989">1988–1989</date>
|
||
CALM survey of the Kimberley rainforests and who collected the only known specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C330C58EFFB68D6FA38AFC6254BC951A" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B959605FFB68D6FA38AFC6254BC951A" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E4A17FFB68D6FA38AFC62540992E7" bold="true" box="[199,352,980,1005]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known from only two specimens from the NOK bioregion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13118A80FFB68D6FA74AFC62513392E6" box="[1031,1114,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1220,1242]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1198]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,375,1198]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 14. Map of known records for 10 species within the Lepanus pygmaeus species group overlaid with predicted distribution boundary of L. pygmaeus (dashed line) taken from Fig. 13 map." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2588649/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). Limited sampling has been conducted in the Kimberley.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C330C58EFFB68D6FA38AFBAA576F9577" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B959605FFB68D6FA38AFBAA576F9577" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E4A17FFB68D6FA38AFBAA5426953F" bold="true" box="[199,335,1052,1077]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
This species has previously been referred to as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2AED86FFB68D6FA03AFBAB56BF953E" authorityName=", Matthews" authorityYear="1974" box="[887,982,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Lepanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E4A17FFB68D6FA03AFBAB56BF953E" box="[887,982,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">Lepanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
WA4” under the informal nomenclature sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBBEBF4FFB68D6FA393FBF654D69552" author="Yeates, D. & Gunter, N. L. & Weir, T. & Cameron, S. L." box="[222,447,1087,1112]" pageId="29" pageNumber="70" pagination="92 - 99" refId="ref30201" refString="Yeates, D. K, Gunter, N. L., Weir, T. & Cameron, S. L. (2011) Developing a benchmark invertebrate group for biodiversity modelling. In: West, J. (Ed.), 21 st Century Taxonomy: accelerating research and discovery of Australia's biodiversity, Taxonomy Research and Identification Network Final Report- March, 2011, pp. 92 - 99. Available from: https: // www. environment. gov. au / system / files / pages / 56 c 08 f 6 f- 7 bf 7 - 4594 - 8175 - b 4 c 143110156 / files / hub-taxonomy. pdf (accessed 12 December 2018)" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Yeates
|
||
<emphasis id="B95E4A17FFB68D6FA27DFBF754039552" box="[304,362,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Both known specimens were collected from berlesed, closed-forest litter and the only known male specimen is teneral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |