158 lines
18 KiB
XML
158 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="A0A636DF85D3308A55550E4B521842A3" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3708186" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f503e20e-e3fb-41ac-bf17-bdaf221bc7c7" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3708186" ID-ZooBank="55CCB217-771C-499D-9110-36F143C375C5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1584033498187" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Edmonds, W. D." docDate="2018" docId="03E087E4FFFEFF9CFF249974FD74FD22" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0642.1-30.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 642" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Copris Muller 1764" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FFD9FF9CFFF3FF92FFE49E74FFB1FF91" masterDocTitle="The dung beetle fauna of the Big Bend region of Texas (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698727366089" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="ECEC5822456230620475F99A0FE3F71E">
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<mods:title id="19A9497070BF50554A8BBBED4E513E8F">The dung beetle fauna of the Big Bend region of Texas (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="AEE5329EEC1D00075F2498E6FBFCD2B0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="098149A0E4BFB978675E707B017F0666">Edmonds, W. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A654CFD80C4B31A485DE6EDBA93F958C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="421E1211590C88490D371C051D0BDDC0">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="2179073AF2E5BE92D289119FBAE9C1EA">
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<mods:date id="C76D5EE4106C07A37D9FB726FA44E95E">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="4E7EA31DD8628EBDCF0335A4DB169FDE" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="8F7C20F65C9CF44DB0D9515016DC31C9">2018-07-27</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="2205991F22CCE8A4C148D2BA45F9F448" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="E6B5AB4372D11961CCE36782C229E882">642</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="EC38D041B9BE4EB800D681F8AFAA9360">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="01D0E0DF918E2A94DEFF76A8BEF4AB9E" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3708186</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B9E166A0EC169FFCF4C0115E1C49DA02" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BC4613396C49B367517C989399B89637" type="Zenodo-Dep">3708186</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E087E4FFFEFF9CFF249974FD74FD22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3716589" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162485163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3716589" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087E4FFFEFF9CFF249974FD74FD22" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087E4FFFEFF9CFF249974FD74FD22" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="C3536579FFFEFF9FFF249974FECCF889" box="[192,381,1792,1816]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF636F2FFFEFF9FFF249974FECCF889" blockId="13.[192,381,1792,1816]" box="[192,381,1792,1816]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="D0BE819EFFFEFF9FFF249974FECCF889" bold="true" box="[192,381,1792,1816]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFEFF9FFF249974FECCF889" ID-CoL="3TQY" authority="Muller" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1764" box="[192,381,1792,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFF249974FECCF889" bold="true" box="[192,381,1792,1816]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFF249974FEA8F889" bold="true" box="[192,281,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Copris</emphasis>
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Müller
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3536579FFFEFF9CFF0C9944FD74FD22" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF636F2FFFEFF9CFF0C9944FB35FE23" blockId="13.[192,1440,1840,1928]" lastBlockId="14.[192,1441,217,692]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFEFF9FFE899944FE0CF8D6" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1764" box="[365,445,1840,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFEFF9FFE899944FE0CF8D6" box="[365,445,1840,1863]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Copris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occurs world-wide, with most of its 225 or so species occurring in Africa and Asia. Tropical Africa alone is home to about 100 species (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B03FFFEFF9FFCFE9924FB7EF8F9" author="Cambefort, Y. & T. Nguyen-Phung" box="[794,1231,1872,1896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="271 - 289" refId="ref17101" refString="Cambefort, Y., and T. Nguyen-Phung. 1996. On the genus Copris Muller, 1764: Definition and phylogenetic survey of the afrotropical species-groups (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Journal of African Zoology 110: 271 - 289." type="journal article" year="1996">Cambefort and Nguyen-Phung 1996</bibRefCitation>
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). They are absent from
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<collectingCountry id="F35E7662FFFEFF9FFEE59904FEC4F819" box="[257,373,1904,1928]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Australia</collectingCountry>
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and all but the northwestern corner of South America.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B03FFFEFF9FFBC79904FA11F819" author="McCleve, S. & B. Kohlmann" box="[1059,1440,1904,1928]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="17 - 28" refId="ref18677" refString="McCleve, S., and B. Kohlmann. 2005. New species and new records of Copris (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Mexico and the United States. Zootaxa 1096: 17 - 28." type="journal article" year="2005">McCleve and Kohlmann (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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reported 32 species (some of which include recognized subspecies) in the Western Hemisphere. Of these, only one (
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFDFF9CFED19E8EFE5CFE83" authority="Say" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1835" box="[309,493,250,274]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incertus">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFDFF9CFED19E8EFE08FE80" box="[309,441,250,273]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">C. incertus</emphasis>
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Say
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</taxonomicName>
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) reaches South America, nine inhabit the
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<collectingCountry id="F35E7662FFFDFF9CFC159E8EFB2CFE83" box="[1009,1181,250,274]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">United States</collectingCountry>
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, while the remaining occur in
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<collectingCountry id="F35E7662FFFDFF9CFECF9F6EFE30FEA3" box="[299,385,282,306]" name="Mexico" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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and Central America. Four species (
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFDFF9CFCAC9F6EFBC0FEA3" authority="Schaeffer" authorityName="Schaeffer" authorityYear="1906" box="[840,1137,282,306]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFDFF9CFCAC9F6EFC44FEA0" box="[840,1013,282,305]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">C. arizonensis</emphasis>
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Schaeffer
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFDFF9CFB659F6EFAC9FEA3" authority="LeConte" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1866" box="[1153,1400,282,306]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="remotus">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFDFF9CFB659F6EFAB7FEA0" box="[1153,1286,282,305]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">C. remotus</emphasis>
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LeConte
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFDFF9CFA619F6EFE11FEC3" authority="Matthews" authorityName="Matthews" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lecontei">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFDFF9CFA619F6EFEADFEC3" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">C. lecontei</emphasis>
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Matthews
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFDFF9CFE049F4EFD50FEC3" authority="Warner" authorityName="Warner" authorityYear="1990" box="[480,737,314,338]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macclevei">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFDFF9CFE049F4EFDC9FEC3" box="[480,632,314,338]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">C. macclevei</emphasis>
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Warner
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</taxonomicName>
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) are shared between
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<collectingCountry id="F35E7662FFFDFF9CFC0A9F4EFBF5FEC3" box="[1006,1092,314,338]" name="Mexico" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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and the
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<collectingCountry id="F35E7662FFFDFF9CFB519F4EFAD5FEC3" box="[1205,1380,314,338]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">United States</collectingCountry>
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. The likely closest relative of
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFDFF9CFE0F9F2EFD29FEE0" authorityName="Schaeffer" authorityYear="1906" box="[491,664,346,369]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFDFF9CFE0F9F2EFD29FEE0" box="[491,664,346,369]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">C. arizonensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFDFF9CFD599F2EFBC5FEE3" authority="McCleve and Kohlmann" authorityName="McCleve and Kohlmann" box="[701,1140,346,370]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warneri">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFDFF9CFD599F2EFCF1FEE0" box="[701,832,346,369]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">C. warneri</emphasis>
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McCleve and Kohlmann
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</taxonomicName>
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, a Mexican species from the mountains of Chihuahua and Sonora likely also associated with
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFDFF9CFC1A9F0FFEB6FE23" authority="(McCleve and Kohlmann 2005)" baseAuthorityName="McCleve and Kohlmann" baseAuthorityYear="2005" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Neotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFDFF9CFC1A9F0FFBDBFE03" box="[1022,1130,379,402]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Neotoma</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B03FFFDFF9CFB9D9F0EFF4EFE23" author="McCleve, S. & B. Kohlmann" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="17 - 28" refId="ref18677" refString="McCleve, S., and B. Kohlmann. 2005. New species and new records of Copris (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Mexico and the United States. Zootaxa 1096: 17 - 28." type="journal article" year="2005">McCleve and Kohlmann 2005</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. The genus in the Western Hemisphere was revised by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B03FFFDFF9CFC4A9FEEFB31FE23" author="Matthews, E. G." box="[942,1152,410,434]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 139" refId="ref18649" refString="Matthews, E. G. 1961. A revision of the genus Copris Muller of the western hemisphere. Entomologica Americana 41: 1 - 139." type="journal article" year="1961">Matthews (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF636F2FFFDFF9CFF0C9FCFFD74FD22" blockId="14.[192,1441,217,692]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
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The nesting behavior of the genus is described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B03FFFDFF9CFCB29FCFFB76FE43" author="Halffter, G. & E. G. Matthews" box="[854,1223,442,467]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="12 - 14" refId="ref17984" refString="Halffter, G., and E. G. Matthews. 1966. The natural history of dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Folia Entomologica Mexicana Nos. 12 - 14. 312 p." type="book chapter" year="1966">Halffter and Matthews (1966)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B03FFFDFF9CFAE39FCFFE3BFE62" author="Halffter, G. & W. D. Edmonds" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" refId="ref17939" refString="Halffter, G., and W. D. Edmonds. 1982. The nesting behavior of dung beetles (Scarabaeinae), an ecological and evolutive approach. Instituto de Ecologia; Mexico D. F., Mexico. 176 p." type="book" year="1982">Halffter and Edmonds (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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; it is unusual among dung beetles in that it exhibits active parental care of the brood. Most
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFDFF9CFEE39F8FFEE6FD83" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1764" box="[263,343,507,530]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFDFF9CFEE39F8FFEE6FD83" box="[263,343,507,530]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Copris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species for which habits are known are nocturnal and exploit the excrement of surface mammals. Four Mexico–US species have known relationships with nesting vertebrates:
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFDFF9CFB119C6FFA11FDA3" authorityName="Schaeffer" authorityYear="1906" box="[1269,1440,539,562]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFDFF9CFB119C6FFA11FDA3" box="[1269,1440,539,562]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">C. arizonensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFDFF9CFF109C4FFE38FDC2" authorityName="Warner" authorityYear="1990" box="[244,393,571,595]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macclevei">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFDFF9CFF109C4FFE38FDC2" box="[244,393,571,595]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">C. macclevei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with wood rats [
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFDFF9CFDAA9C48FD0BFDC2" baseAuthorityName="McCleve and Kohlmann" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[590,698,572,595]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Neotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFDFF9CFDAA9C48FD0BFDC2" box="[590,698,572,595]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Neotoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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],
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFDFF9CFD349C4FFCC0FDC2" authorityName="Matthews & Halffter" authorityYear="1959" box="[720,881,571,595]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megasoma">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFDFF9CFD349C4FFCC0FDC2" box="[720,881,571,595]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">C. megasoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with gophers [
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFDFF9CFBC59C4FFB17FDC2" authorityName="Wied-Neuwied" authorityYear="1839" box="[1057,1190,571,595]" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Thomomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFDFF9CFBC59C4FFB17FDC2" box="[1057,1190,571,595]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Thomomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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] and
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFDFF9CFB0C9C4FFAD2FDC2" authorityName="Hubbard" authorityYear="1894" box="[1256,1379,571,595]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gopheri">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFDFF9CFB0C9C4FFAD2FDC2" box="[1256,1379,571,595]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">C. gopheri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with the gopher tortoise [
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFDFF9CFE5C9C2FFC9FFDE2" authority="Daudin" authorityName="Daudin" box="[440,814,603,627]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Gopherus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyphemus">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFDFF9CFE5C9C2FFD74FDE2" box="[440,709,603,627]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Gopherus polyphemus</emphasis>
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Daudin
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</taxonomicName>
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]. In these cases, the adults utilize the feces of their vertebrate host for feeding and nesting in the soil beneath nest chambers and tunnels; only rarely are they attracted to feces-baited pitfall traps.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |