170 lines
30 KiB
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170 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="A9C5F59C771F1F6ADADD819A80984884" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3708186" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f503e20e-e3fb-41ac-bf17-bdaf221bc7c7" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3708186" ID-ZooBank="55CCB217-771C-499D-9110-36F143C375C5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1584033498187" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Edmonds, W. D." docDate="2018" docId="03E087E4FFFAFF98FF2498CBFA11FB72" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0642.1-30.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 642" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Onthophagus Latreille 1802" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFD9FF9CFFF3FF92FFE49E74FFB1FF91" masterDocTitle="The dung beetle fauna of the Big Bend region of Texas (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1698727366089" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="58375CD852B160EB6DE321DF1AB136B4">The dung beetle fauna of the Big Bend region of Texas (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6903C962850C5D7002C42E7F643B6D8D">Edmonds, W. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2A3BBBF73A17BCC5C0DEB4420EFF4F53">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="259F9326CA73683F12EE533012F42AB3">
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<mods:date id="D2134CE802E2A69393D743CB9499B173">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="66DCDBD020BA42792DA5AA1EE43FEEE8">2018-07-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="31CDC48EDD9BE097B587A99EA0ABC121">642</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E087E4FFFAFF98FF2498CBFA11FB72" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3716585" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162485168" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3716585" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087E4FFFAFF98FF2498CBFA11FB72" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087E4FFFAFF98FF2498CBFA11FB72" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection id="C3536579FFFAFF9BFF2498CBFE46F946" box="[192,503,1727,1751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF636F2FFFAFF9BFF2498CBFE46F946" blockId="9.[192,503,1727,1751]" box="[192,503,1727,1751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFAFF9BFF2498CBFE46F946" ID-CoL="68DQ" authority="Latreille" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[192,503,1727,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFAFF9BFF2498CBFEC8F946" bold="true" box="[192,377,1727,1751]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Onthophagus</emphasis>
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Latreille
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3536579FFFAFF98FF0C9884FDEDFE6A" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF636F2FFFAFF98FF0C9884FD9CFE29" blockId="9.[192,1440,1775,1928]" lastBlockId="10.[192,1441,217,507]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFFAFF9BFE94989BFDA4F896" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[368,533,1775,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFFAFF9BFE94989BFDA4F896" box="[368,533,1775,1799]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Onthophagus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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embraces about 2300 species distributed world-wide, of which about 70% occur in Africa and Asia. As one of the most species-rich genera of animals, it is increasingly the subject of taxonomic and phylogenetic scrutiny (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B03FFFAFF9BFD509944FC69F8D9" author="Breeschoten, T. & C. Doorenweerd & S. Tarasov & A. P. Vogler" box="[692,984,1840,1864]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="86 - 95" refId="ref16945" refString="Breeschoten, T., C. Doorenweerd, S. Tarasov, and A. P. Vogler. 2016. Phylogenetics and biogeography of the dung beetle genus Onthophagus inferred from mitochondrial genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 105: 86 - 95." type="journal article" year="2016">Breeschoten et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
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, and references therein). The
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<collectingCountry id="F35E7662FFFAFF9BFAAF9944FEBFF8F9" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">United States</collectingCountry>
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is home to about 30 species last reviewed by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B03FFFAFF9BFCCC9924FB17F8F9" author="Howden, H. F. & O. L. Cartwright" box="[808,1190,1872,1896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 135" refId="ref18230" refString="Howden, H. F., and O. L. Cartwright. 1963. Scarab beetles of the genus Onthophagus Latreille north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 114: 1 - 135." type="journal article" year="1963">Howden and Cartwright (1963)</bibRefCitation>
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. The Big Bend fauna includes four widespread species, three of which are putative associates of wood rats. All four species are small (
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<quantity id="4CB19B17FFF9FF98FEDA9EADFE7DFF60" box="[318,460,217,241]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–7.5 mm</quantity>
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long), and as tunneling (rather than ball-rolling) dung beetles, they are not likely to be observed on the surface. The nesting behavior of these beetles consists of packing the blind end of a tunnel with a “sausage” of food into which is laid a single egg, a process repeated several to many times in a single nest below the food source (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B03FFF9FF98FD0E9F49FBF6FEC4" author="Halffter, G. & W. D. Edmonds" box="[746,1095,317,341]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" refId="ref17939" refString="Halffter, G., and W. D. Edmonds. 1982. The nesting behavior of dung beetles (Scarabaeinae), an ecological and evolutive approach. Instituto de Ecologia; Mexico D. F., Mexico. 176 p." type="book" year="1982">Halffter and Edmonds 1982</bibRefCitation>
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). Of interest is the fact that the three inquilinous Big Bend species are collected in pitfall traps baited with human feces. But while adults are not obligatory feeders on wood rat dung, the question remains whether or not they would use it to provision their nests.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF636F2FFF9FF98FF0C9FB6FDEDFE6A" blockId="10.[192,1441,217,507]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">The four smaller-size, dark colored Big Bend species can be similar to the naked eye, but each is easy to identify with the following key:</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3536579FFF9FF98FF249C60FA11FB72" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="key">
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<key id="FFD861C3FFF9FF98FF249C60FA11FB72" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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<paragraph id="8BF636F2FFF9FF98FF249C60FA11FDDC" blockId="10.[192,1440,532,589]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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<keyStep id="30BD2E57FFF9FF98FF249C60FA11FDDC" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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<keyLead id="30B895C7FFF9FF98FF249C60FA11FDDC" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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1. Pronotum evenly covered with small, shiny tubercles (
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<figureCitation id="13722A77FFF9FF98FC4C9C60FC4CFDBD" box="[936,1021,532,556]" captionStart="Figures 36–48" captionStartId="28.[192,287,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[255,1384,219,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[223,1408,207,1757]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 36–48. Onthophagus. 36) O. brevifrons, dorsal view, male. 37) Same, oblique frontal view. 38) Same, dorsal view of forebody, female. 39) Same, prolegs (A, female; B, male. 40) Same, pronotal sculpturing. 41) O. browni, dorsal view, male. 42) Same, oblique frontal view. 43) Same, oblique frontal view, female. 44) O. velutinus, dorsal view, male. 45) Same, oblique frontal view. 46) Same, dorsal view of female forebody. 47) Same, oblique frontal view. 48) Same, pronotal sculpturing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3708200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3708200/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
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)..........................
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFF9FF98FA759C60FA11FDBD" bold="true" box="[1425,1440,532,556]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">2</emphasis>
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— Pronotum punctate, lacking distinct granules (
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<figureCitation id="13722A77FFF9FF98FCA89C41FC12FDDC" box="[844,931,565,589]" captionStart="Figures 36–48" captionStartId="28.[192,287,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[255,1384,219,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[223,1408,207,1757]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 36–48. Onthophagus. 36) O. brevifrons, dorsal view, male. 37) Same, oblique frontal view. 38) Same, dorsal view of forebody, female. 39) Same, prolegs (A, female; B, male. 40) Same, pronotal sculpturing. 41) O. browni, dorsal view, male. 42) Same, oblique frontal view. 43) Same, oblique frontal view, female. 44) O. velutinus, dorsal view, male. 45) Same, oblique frontal view. 46) Same, dorsal view of female forebody. 47) Same, oblique frontal view. 48) Same, pronotal sculpturing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3708200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3708200/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13722A77FFF9FF98FC4B9C41FC7CFDDC" box="[943,973,565,589]" captionStart="Figures 49–59" captionStartId="29.[192,285,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[225,1430,228,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[192,1440,210,1759]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figures 49–59. Onthophagus and Digitonthophagus. 49) O. knausi, dorsal view, male. 50) Same, dorsal view, female. 51) Same oblique frontal view, female. 52) Same, prolegs (A, male; B) female). 53) Same, pronotal sculpturing. 54) D. gazella, dorsal view, male. 55) Same, partial oblique frontal view of forebody. 56) Same, proleg, male. 57) Same, oblique frontal view of female forebody. 58) Same, dorsal view, female. 59) Same, apex of protibia and protarsus (A, female; B, male [arrow marks apical tibial “digit”])." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3708202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3708202/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">53</figureCitation>
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).............................
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFF9FF98FA759C41FA11FDDC" bold="true" box="[1425,1440,565,589]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">3</emphasis>
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</keyLead>
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</keyStep>
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</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="30BD2E57FFF9FF98FF249C12FA11FCF7" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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<paragraph id="8BF636F2FFF9FF98FF249C12FA11FD73" blockId="10.[192,1440,614,870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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<keyLead id="30B895C7FFF9FF98FF249C12FA11FD73" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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2(1) Male (
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<figureCitation id="13722A77FFF9FF98FE829C12FE44FDEF" box="[358,501,614,638]" captionStart="Figures 36–48" captionStartId="28.[192,287,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[255,1384,219,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[223,1408,207,1757]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 36–48. Onthophagus. 36) O. brevifrons, dorsal view, male. 37) Same, oblique frontal view. 38) Same, dorsal view of forebody, female. 39) Same, prolegs (A, female; B, male. 40) Same, pronotal sculpturing. 41) O. browni, dorsal view, male. 42) Same, oblique frontal view. 43) Same, oblique frontal view, female. 44) O. velutinus, dorsal view, male. 45) Same, oblique frontal view. 46) Same, dorsal view of female forebody. 47) Same, oblique frontal view. 48) Same, pronotal sculpturing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3708200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3708200/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 44–45</figureCitation>
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) — head with pair of erect, slightly inclined horns set between eyes; pronotum convex except for shallow anterior concavity receiving appressed head horns. Female (
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<figureCitation id="13722A77FFF9FF98FE419CDDFD98FD50" box="[421,553,681,705]" captionStart="Figures 36–48" captionStartId="28.[192,287,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[255,1384,219,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[223,1408,207,1757]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 36–48. Onthophagus. 36) O. brevifrons, dorsal view, male. 37) Same, oblique frontal view. 38) Same, dorsal view of forebody, female. 39) Same, prolegs (A, female; B, male. 40) Same, pronotal sculpturing. 41) O. browni, dorsal view, male. 42) Same, oblique frontal view. 43) Same, oblique frontal view, female. 44) O. velutinus, dorsal view, male. 45) Same, oblique frontal view. 46) Same, dorsal view of female forebody. 47) Same, oblique frontal view. 48) Same, pronotal sculpturing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3708200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3708200/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 46–47</figureCitation>
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) — pronotum convex, almost always lacking any indication of anterior prominence......................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFF9FF98FBF69CBDFA11FD73" ID-CoL="7W5HS" authority="Horn" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1875" box="[1042,1440,713,738]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velutinus">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFF9FF98FBF69CBDFA11FD73" bold="true" box="[1042,1440,713,738]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFF9FF98FBF69CBDFAE0FD70" bold="true" box="[1042,1361,713,737]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Onthophagus velutinus</emphasis>
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Horn
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF636F2FFF9FF98FF249C98FA11FCF7" blockId="10.[192,1440,614,870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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<keyLead id="30B895C7FFF9FF98FF249C98FA11FCF7" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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— Male (
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<figureCitation id="13722A77FFF9FF98FEB99C9FFE6FFC92" box="[349,478,747,771]" captionStart="Figures 36–48" captionStartId="28.[192,287,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[255,1384,219,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[223,1408,207,1757]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 36–48. Onthophagus. 36) O. brevifrons, dorsal view, male. 37) Same, oblique frontal view. 38) Same, dorsal view of forebody, female. 39) Same, prolegs (A, female; B, male. 40) Same, pronotal sculpturing. 41) O. browni, dorsal view, male. 42) Same, oblique frontal view. 43) Same, oblique frontal view, female. 44) O. velutinus, dorsal view, male. 45) Same, oblique frontal view. 46) Same, dorsal view of female forebody. 47) Same, oblique frontal view. 48) Same, pronotal sculpturing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3708200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3708200/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 41–42</figureCitation>
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) — head lacking horns, with 2 transverse carinae, posterior one slightly raised medially; pronotum with large, flat, apically bifurcate prominence extending well over head. Female (
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<figureCitation id="13722A77FFF9FF98FE169D59FDF8FCD4" box="[498,585,813,837]" captionStart="Figures 36–48" captionStartId="28.[192,287,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[255,1384,219,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[223,1408,207,1757]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 36–48. Onthophagus. 36) O. brevifrons, dorsal view, male. 37) Same, oblique frontal view. 38) Same, dorsal view of forebody, female. 39) Same, prolegs (A, female; B, male. 40) Same, pronotal sculpturing. 41) O. browni, dorsal view, male. 42) Same, oblique frontal view. 43) Same, oblique frontal view, female. 44) O. velutinus, dorsal view, male. 45) Same, oblique frontal view. 46) Same, dorsal view of female forebody. 47) Same, oblique frontal view. 48) Same, pronotal sculpturing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3708200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3708200/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
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) — pronotum with conspicuous low, transverse ridge above anterior margin...........................
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFF9FF98FCCC9D3AFA11FCF7" ID-CoL="7W5GK" authority="Howden and Cartwright" authorityName="Howden and Cartwright" box="[808,1440,846,870]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="browni">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFF9FF98FCCC9D3AFA11FCF7" bold="true" box="[808,1440,846,870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFF9FF98FCCC9D3AFBF9FCF7" bold="true" box="[808,1096,846,870]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Onthophagus browni</emphasis>
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Howden and Cartwright
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="30BD2E57FFF9FF98FF249DF4FA11FB72" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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<paragraph id="8BF636F2FFF9FF98FF249DF4FA2EFBAF" blockId="10.[192,1440,896,1251]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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<keyLead id="30B895C7FFF9FF98FF249DF4FA2EFBAF" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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3(1) Pronotum densely covered with flat, umbilical, setose punctures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A77FFF9FF98FBB49DF4FB1DFC09" box="[1104,1196,896,920]" captionStart="Figures 49–59" captionStartId="29.[192,285,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[225,1430,228,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[192,1440,210,1759]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figures 49–59. Onthophagus and Digitonthophagus. 49) O. knausi, dorsal view, male. 50) Same, dorsal view, female. 51) Same oblique frontal view, female. 52) Same, prolegs (A, male; B) female). 53) Same, pronotal sculpturing. 54) D. gazella, dorsal view, male. 55) Same, partial oblique frontal view of forebody. 56) Same, proleg, male. 57) Same, oblique frontal view of female forebody. 58) Same, dorsal view, female. 59) Same, apex of protibia and protarsus (A, female; B, male [arrow marks apical tibial “digit”])." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3708202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3708202/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
). Small, length ≤
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B17FFF9FF98FA759DF4FEDAFC29" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Male — pronotum with small, triangular projection above anterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A77FFF9FF98FADC9DD5FA23FC28" box="[1336,1426,929,953]" captionStart="Figures 49–59" captionStartId="29.[192,285,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[225,1430,228,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[192,1440,210,1759]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figures 49–59. Onthophagus and Digitonthophagus. 49) O. knausi, dorsal view, male. 50) Same, dorsal view, female. 51) Same oblique frontal view, female. 52) Same, prolegs (A, male; B) female). 53) Same, pronotal sculpturing. 54) D. gazella, dorsal view, male. 55) Same, partial oblique frontal view of forebody. 56) Same, proleg, male. 57) Same, oblique frontal view of female forebody. 58) Same, dorsal view, female. 59) Same, apex of protibia and protarsus (A, female; B, male [arrow marks apical tibial “digit”])." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3708202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3708202/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
|
||
), otherwise evenly convex; protibia narrow, elongate, apical third strongly curved inward (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A77FFF9FF98FEA59D97FE01FC6A" box="[321,432,995,1019]" captionStart="Figures 49–59" captionStartId="29.[192,285,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[225,1430,228,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[192,1440,210,1759]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figures 49–59. Onthophagus and Digitonthophagus. 49) O. knausi, dorsal view, male. 50) Same, dorsal view, female. 51) Same oblique frontal view, female. 52) Same, prolegs (A, male; B) female). 53) Same, pronotal sculpturing. 54) D. gazella, dorsal view, male. 55) Same, partial oblique frontal view of forebody. 56) Same, proleg, male. 57) Same, oblique frontal view of female forebody. 58) Same, dorsal view, female. 59) Same, apex of protibia and protarsus (A, female; B, male [arrow marks apical tibial “digit”])." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3708202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3708202/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 52A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Female — pronotum more or less evenly convex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A77FFF9FF98FBDB9D97FB76FC6A" box="[1087,1223,995,1019]" captionStart="Figures 49–59" captionStartId="29.[192,285,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[225,1430,228,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[192,1440,210,1759]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figures 49–59. Onthophagus and Digitonthophagus. 49) O. knausi, dorsal view, male. 50) Same, dorsal view, female. 51) Same oblique frontal view, female. 52) Same, prolegs (A, male; B) female). 53) Same, pronotal sculpturing. 54) D. gazella, dorsal view, male. 55) Same, partial oblique frontal view of forebody. 56) Same, proleg, male. 57) Same, oblique frontal view of female forebody. 58) Same, dorsal view, female. 59) Same, apex of protibia and protarsus (A, female; B, male [arrow marks apical tibial “digit”])." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3708202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3708202/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 50–51</figureCitation>
|
||
), lacking distinct anterior feature; protibia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A77FFF9FF98FD649A70FD5AFB8D" box="[640,747,1028,1052]" captionStart="Figures 49–59" captionStartId="29.[192,285,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[225,1430,228,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[192,1440,210,1759]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figures 49–59. Onthophagus and Digitonthophagus. 49) O. knausi, dorsal view, male. 50) Same, dorsal view, female. 51) Same oblique frontal view, female. 52) Same, prolegs (A, male; B) female). 53) Same, pronotal sculpturing. 54) D. gazella, dorsal view, male. 55) Same, partial oblique frontal view of forebody. 56) Same, proleg, male. 57) Same, oblique frontal view of female forebody. 58) Same, dorsal view, female. 59) Same, apex of protibia and protarsus (A, female; B, male [arrow marks apical tibial “digit”])." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3708202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3708202/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 52B</figureCitation>
|
||
) proportionately shorter, wider and less curved than in male.............................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFF9FF98FBF99A51FA2EFBAF" ID-CoL="7W5H5" authority="Brown" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1927" box="[1053,1439,1061,1086]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="knausi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFF9FF98FBF99A51FA2EFBAF" bold="true" box="[1053,1439,1061,1086]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFF9FF98FBF99A51FA8DFBAC" bold="true" box="[1053,1340,1061,1085]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Onthophagus knausi</emphasis>
|
||
Brown
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF636F2FFF9FF98FF249A33FA11FB72" blockId="10.[192,1440,896,1251]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="30B895C7FFF9FF98FF249A33FA11FB72" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||
— Pronotum evenly covered with simple, impressed punctures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A77FFF9FF98FBC99A33FB3DFBCE" box="[1069,1164,1095,1119]" captionStart="Figures 36–48" captionStartId="28.[192,287,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[255,1384,219,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[223,1408,207,1757]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 36–48. Onthophagus. 36) O. brevifrons, dorsal view, male. 37) Same, oblique frontal view. 38) Same, dorsal view of forebody, female. 39) Same, prolegs (A, female; B, male. 40) Same, pronotal sculpturing. 41) O. browni, dorsal view, male. 42) Same, oblique frontal view. 43) Same, oblique frontal view, female. 44) O. velutinus, dorsal view, male. 45) Same, oblique frontal view. 46) Same, dorsal view of female forebody. 47) Same, oblique frontal view. 48) Same, pronotal sculpturing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3708200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3708200/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larger, length over
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B17FFF9FF98FEDC9A1CFE37FBEE" box="[312,390,1128,1152]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Protibia similar in both sexes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A77FFF9FF98FCCD9A1CFC37FB11" box="[809,902,1128,1152]" captionStart="Figures 36–48" captionStartId="28.[192,287,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[255,1384,219,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[223,1408,207,1757]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 36–48. Onthophagus. 36) O. brevifrons, dorsal view, male. 37) Same, oblique frontal view. 38) Same, dorsal view of forebody, female. 39) Same, prolegs (A, female; B, male. 40) Same, pronotal sculpturing. 41) O. browni, dorsal view, male. 42) Same, oblique frontal view. 43) Same, oblique frontal view, female. 44) O. velutinus, dorsal view, male. 45) Same, oblique frontal view. 46) Same, dorsal view of female forebody. 47) Same, oblique frontal view. 48) Same, pronotal sculpturing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3708200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3708200/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
). Male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A77FFF9FF98FC169A1CFBCBFB11" box="[1010,1146,1128,1152]" captionStart="Figures 36–48" captionStartId="28.[192,287,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[255,1384,219,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[223,1408,207,1757]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 36–48. Onthophagus. 36) O. brevifrons, dorsal view, male. 37) Same, oblique frontal view. 38) Same, dorsal view of forebody, female. 39) Same, prolegs (A, female; B, male. 40) Same, pronotal sculpturing. 41) O. browni, dorsal view, male. 42) Same, oblique frontal view. 43) Same, oblique frontal view, female. 44) O. velutinus, dorsal view, male. 45) Same, oblique frontal view. 46) Same, dorsal view of female forebody. 47) Same, oblique frontal view. 48) Same, pronotal sculpturing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3708200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3708200/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 36–37</figureCitation>
|
||
) — pronotum strongly humped, anterior surface concave on either side of prominent midline. Female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A77FFF9FF98FAF99AFDFAC5FB30" box="[1309,1396,1161,1185]" captionStart="Figures 36–48" captionStartId="28.[192,287,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[255,1384,219,1755]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[223,1408,207,1757]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 36–48. Onthophagus. 36) O. brevifrons, dorsal view, male. 37) Same, oblique frontal view. 38) Same, dorsal view of forebody, female. 39) Same, prolegs (A, female; B, male. 40) Same, pronotal sculpturing. 41) O. browni, dorsal view, male. 42) Same, oblique frontal view. 43) Same, oblique frontal view, female. 44) O. velutinus, dorsal view, male. 45) Same, oblique frontal view. 46) Same, dorsal view of female forebody. 47) Same, oblique frontal view. 48) Same, pronotal sculpturing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3708200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3708200/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
) — pronotum humped anteriorly, anterior surface evenly concave, proportionately lower than in male............................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D71FFF9FF98FBE29ABFFA11FB72" ID-CoL="7W5GJ" authority="Horn" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1881" box="[1030,1440,1227,1251]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFF9FF98FBE29ABFFA11FB72" bold="true" box="[1030,1440,1227,1251]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAE0FFF9FF98FBE29ABFFAE0FB72" bold="true" box="[1030,1361,1227,1251]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Onthophagus brevifrons</emphasis>
|
||
Horn
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |