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<document id="F52439F6A86E0AB421773CC9A11DAC72" ID-CLB-Dataset="30691" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4382.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6dc55986-74fa-4ac0-bca6-b301f3831180" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1182167" ID-ZooBank="8E248E6F-FDA5-4829-9DD7-4CC0EFDB08B6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1519199964901" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Okamoto, Makoto &amp; Gon, Ofer" docDate="2018" docId="03A2BF386E754070FF18598E13C79C06" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4382.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4382 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Epigonus waltersensis Parin &amp; Abramov 1986" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="286" masterDocId="FF9BC7406E6D4069FF8F5C1A170D9F12" masterDocTitle="A review of the deepwater cardinalfish genus Epigonus (Perciformes: Epigonidae) of the Western Indian Ocean, with description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="291" masterPageNumber="261" pageNumber="285" updateTime="1698523467852" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E2F159805BDDD0C76FABFD881B4E82DF">A review of the deepwater cardinalfish genus Epigonus (Perciformes: Epigonidae) of the Western Indian Ocean, with description of two new species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03A2BF386E754070FF18598E13C79C06" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5998265" ID-GBIF-Taxon="141118061" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5998265" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A2BF386E754070FF18598E13C79C06" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A2BF386E754070FF18598E13C79C06" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="286" pageId="24" pageNumber="285">
<subSubSection id="C3115DA56E754071FF18598E16A49AE6" pageId="24" pageNumber="285" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E754071FF18598E15D59ABD" blockId="24.[151,837,1428,1524]" box="[151,728,1428,1455]" pageId="24" pageNumber="285">
<heading id="D0FCB9426E754071FF18598E15D59ABD" bold="true" box="[151,728,1428,1455]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="285" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E754071FF18598E15D59ABD" ID-CoL="6FTL2" authority="Parin &amp; Abramov, 1986" authorityName="Parin &amp; Abramov" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,728,1428,1455]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waltersensis">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E754071FF18598E15D59ABD" bold="true" box="[151,728,1428,1455]" pageId="24" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E754071FF18598E16A89ABC" bold="true" box="[151,421,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="285">Epigonus waltersensis</emphasis>
Parin &amp; Abramov, 1986
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E754071FF1859A216A49AE6" blockId="24.[151,837,1428,1524]" pageId="24" pageNumber="285">
(New English name: Walters Shoals Deepwater Cardinalfish) (
<figureCitation id="133012AB6E754071FF1059C117E09AE6" box="[159,237,1499,1524]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[341,1239,999,1649]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[302,1284,987,1662]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution of seven species of the Epigonus constanciae group inthe Western Indian Ocean." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1182173/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="285">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133012AB6E754071FF7559C616149AE6" box="[250,281,1500,1524]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1185,1207]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,844,1164]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[188,1398,844,1164]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 19. Epigonus waltersensis, ZIN 47335, holotype, 129.0 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1182207/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="285">19</figureCitation>
; Tables 1, 2)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3115DA56E754071FF185A3F13F79965" pageId="24" pageNumber="285" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E754071FF185A3F13F79965" blockId="24.[151,1436,1572,1655]" pageId="24" pageNumber="285">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E754071FF185A3F15CB9928" ID-CoL="6FTL2" authority="Parin &amp; Abramov, 1986 b: 182" authorityName="Parin &amp; Abramov" authorityPageNumber="182" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,710,1572,1594]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waltersensis">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E754071FF185A3F16709928" box="[151,381,1572,1594]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="285">Epigonus waltersensis</emphasis>
Parin &amp; Abramov, 1986b: 182
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 4 (original description; type locality: 33°06 S, 44°04 E, Walters Shoals, Madagascar submarine ridge,
<quantity id="4CF3A3CB6E754071FDC15A5815CE994A" box="[590,707,1602,1624]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="7.6" metricValueMin="7.4" pageId="24" pageNumber="285" unit="m" value="750.0" valueMax="760.0" valueMin="740.0">740760 m</quantity>
depth; holotype: ZIN 47335);
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E754071FB8D5A5813A8994A" box="[1026,1189,1602,1624]" pageId="24" pageNumber="285" refId="ref17192" refString="Abramov, A. A. (1992) Species composition and distribution of Epigonus (Epigonidae) in the world ocean. Journal of Ichthyology, 32, 94 - 108." type="journal article">Abramov, 1992</bibRefCitation>
: 100 (key);
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E754071FAAD5A5816499965" pageId="24" pageNumber="285" refId="ref20944" refString="Okamoto, M. (2011) A new species of deepwater cardinalfish, Epigonus mayeri, from the eastern Central Atlantic, and redescription of Epigonus heracleus Parin and Abramov 1986 (Perciformes: Epigonidae). Ichthyological Research, 58, 101 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 010 - 0195 - x" type="journal article">Okamoto &amp; Fukui, 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 391 (key); Okamoto, 2012: 252, fig.10n (photograph and key, based on original description).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3115DA56E754071FF185AB914B599F2" pageId="24" pageNumber="285" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E754071FF185AB914B599F2" blockId="24.[151,1436,1699,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="285">
<materialsCitation id="3B6304736E754071FF185AB914B599F2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1820370038" collectingDate="1979-06-25" collectionCode="ZIN" country="Madagascar" elevation="750" location="Walters Shoals" pageId="24" pageNumber="285" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E754071FF185AB9168C99AE" bold="true" box="[151,385,1699,1724]" pageId="24" pageNumber="285">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED1A96EB6E754071FE065ABE16B599A9" box="[393,440,1700,1723]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" pageId="24" pageNumber="285">ZIN</collectionCode>
47335,
<typeStatus id="54B0B08C6E754071FD9A5AB9157799AE" box="[533,634,1699,1724]" pageId="24" pageNumber="285" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 129.0 mm SL,
<location id="8ED458F56E754071FCA05AB914D799AE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A2BF386E754070FF18598E13C79C06:8ED458F56E754071FCA05AB914D799AE" box="[815,986,1699,1724]" country="Madagascar" name="Walters Shoals" pageId="24" pageNumber="285">Walters Shoals</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31C4EBE6E754071FC695AB9136099AE" box="[998,1133,1699,1724]" name="Madagascar" pageId="24" pageNumber="285">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
submarine ridge, 33°06 S, 44°04 E,
<elevation id="0026E91D6E754071FE8F5ADD167299CD" box="[256,383,1735,1760]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="7.6" metricValueMin="7.4" pageId="24" pageNumber="285" unit="m" value="750.0" valueMax="760.0" valueMin="740.0">
<quantity id="4CF3A3CB6E754071FE8F5ADD167299CD" box="[256,383,1735,1760]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="7.6" metricValueMin="7.4" pageId="24" pageNumber="285" unit="m" value="750.0" valueMax="760.0" valueMin="740.0">740760 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth,
<collectingDate id="EFF1D1066E754071FE5D5ADD156A99F2" box="[466,615,1735,1760]" pageId="24" pageNumber="285" value="1979-06-25">
<date id="FFB528EE6E754071FE5D5ADD156A99F2" box="[466,615,1735,1760]" pageId="24" pageNumber="285" value="1979-06-25">25 June 1979</date>
</collectingDate>
(photograph and radiograph).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3115DA56E754071FF485AF114D79862" pageId="24" pageNumber="285" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E754071FF485AF114D79862" blockId="24.[151,1436,1699,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E754071FF485AF1164C9816" bold="true" box="[199,321,1771,1796]" pageId="24" pageNumber="285">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9; pectoral-fin rays 1718; total gill rakers 32; vertebrae 10 + 15; pyloric caeca 6; pored lateral-line scales 48; pungent opercular spine present; maxillary mustache-like processes absent; nub-like structures or spine on symphysis of lower jaw absent; ribs on last abdominal vertebra present; anus just below origin of second dorsal fin; tongue toothless; body depth 24.2% SL.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3115DA56E754070FF485B6112769E0E" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="286" pageId="24" pageNumber="285" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E754070FF485B6112769E0E" blockId="24.[151,1436,1699,2013]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="286" pageId="24" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E754071FF485B6116D79886" bold="true" box="[199,474,1915,1940]" pageId="24" pageNumber="285">Measurements (% SL)</emphasis>
; counts are given in Table 1. Head length 35.9; head height 21.7; body depth 24.2; body width 14.1; caudal-peduncle depth 10.2; caudal-peduncle length 29.2; orbital diameter 15.0; interorbital width 8.9; postorbital length 15.0; upper-jaw length 15.1; lower-jaw length 14.7; snout length 7.8; pre-first dorsalfin length 38.8; pre-second dorsal-fin length 59.2; pre-pectoral-fin length 36.8; pre-pelvic-fin length 38.2; pre-analfin length 67.3; first spine length on first dorsal fin 1.6; second spine length on first dorsal fin 12.8; second dorsalfin spine length 12.8; second anal-fin spine length 11.4; pelvic-fin spine length 12.5; first dorsal-fin base length 11.4; second dorsal-fin base length 8.3; anal-fin base length 7.4; pectoral-fin length 16.7; pelvic-fin length 14.3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3115DA56E744070FF485D3D13C79C06" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E744070FF485D3D12719E52" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,789]" box="[199,1404,295,320]" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E744070FF485D3D166D9E52" bold="true" box="[199,352,295,320]" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">Distribution.</emphasis>
Walters Shoals, western
<collectingRegion id="49CFC0CC6E744070FDF55D3D15B69E52" box="[634,699,295,320]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">South</collectingRegion>
Indian Ocean (Parin &amp; Abramov 1986b), at
<quantity id="4CF3A3CB6E744070FB3F5D3D12229E2D" box="[1200,1327,295,320]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="7.6" metricValueMin="7.4" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" unit="m" value="750.0" valueMax="760.0" valueMin="740.0">740760 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E744070FF485D5613C79C06" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E744070FF485D56151A9E77" bold="true" box="[199,535,332,357]" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">Comparisons and Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E744070FD905D5714169E76" authorityName="Parin &amp; Abramov" authorityYear="1986" box="[543,795,332,356]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waltersensis">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E744070FD905D5714169E76" box="[543,795,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">Epigonus waltersensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is so far known only from the
<typeStatus id="54B0B08C6E744070FBF15D5613ED9E77" box="[1150,1248,332,357]" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
collected on the
<collectingCountry id="F31C4EBE6E744070FF185D7516139E9A" box="[151,286,367,392]" name="Madagascar" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
submarine ridge (Parin &amp; Abramov 1986b). The specimen has eight anal-fin soft rays (Table 1), an unusual condition in
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E744070FE1D5D8F16F19EBE" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" box="[402,508,405,428]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E744070FE1D5D8F16F19EBE" box="[402,508,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">Epigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E744070FD805D8F15A29EBE" box="[527,687,404,429]" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" refId="ref20071" refString="Mayer, G. F. (1974) A revision of the cardinalfish genus Epigonus (Perciformes, Apogonidae), with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin Museum of Comparative Zoology, 146, 147 - 203." type="journal article">Mayer (1974)</bibRefCitation>
noted this condition as a rare occurrence in several species of
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E744070FF185DA2160C9EDD" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1810" box="[151,257,440,463]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E744070FF185DA2160C9EDD" box="[151,257,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">Epigonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the
<typeStatus id="54B0B08C6E744070FEE65DAD16C69EC2" box="[361,459,439,464]" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of this species could be such a case in
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E744070FC105DA313419EC2" authorityName="Parin &amp; Abramov" authorityYear="1986" box="[927,1100,440,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waltersensis">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E744070FC105DA313419EC2" box="[927,1100,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">E. waltersensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Okamoto (2012) moved the species from the
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E744070FED05DC716EF9EE6" authorityName=": Mayer" authorityYear="1974" box="[351,482,476,500]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E744070FED05DC716EF9EE6" box="[351,482,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">E. robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group (
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E744070FD135DC715D79EE6" box="[668,730,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">sensu</emphasis>
Parin &amp; Abramov 1986b) to the
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E744070FBEA5DC712009EE6" baseAuthorityName="Giglioli" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[1125,1293,477,500]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="constanciae">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E744070FBEA5DC712009EE6" box="[1125,1293,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">E. constanciae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. This species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E744070FE0E5E1B15009D0A" authorityName="Mayer" authorityYear="1974" box="[385,525,512,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pectinifer">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E744070FE0E5E1B15009D0A" box="[385,525,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">E. pectinifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having 10 + 15 vertebrae, 9 soft rays on the second dorsal fin, and 6 pyloric caeca; however, it differs in having 32 gill rakers and lacking a maxillary mustache-like processes (vs. 2630 total gill rakers and a sharp-pointed maxillary mustache-like processes present in
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E744070FC745E53138B9D72" authorityName="Mayer" authorityYear="1974" box="[1019,1158,584,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pectinifer">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E744070FC745E53138B9D72" box="[1019,1158,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">E. pectinifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E744070FB105E5212919D72" authorityName="Parin &amp; Abramov" authorityYear="1986" box="[1183,1436,584,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waltersensis">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E744070FB105E5212919D72" box="[1183,1436,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">Epigonus waltersensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E744070FE315E77153B9D96" authorityName="Scott" authorityYear="1962" box="[446,566,620,644]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lenimen">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E744070FE315E77153B9D96" box="[446,566,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">E. lenimen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E744070FDE45E7715E79D96" authorityName=": Mayer" authorityYear="1974" box="[619,746,620,644]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E744070FDE45E7715E79D96" box="[619,746,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">E. robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having 10 + 15 vertebrae (vs. 11 +
<quantity id="4CF3A3CB6E744070FB185E7613DD9D97" box="[1175,1232,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" unit="in" value="14.0">14 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E744070FB585E7712439D96" authorityName="Scott" authorityYear="1962" box="[1239,1358,620,644]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lenimen">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E744070FB585E7712439D96" box="[1239,1358,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">E. lenimen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E744070FA0B5E7717FB9DBA" authorityName=": Mayer" authorityYear="1974" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E744070FA0B5E7717FB9DBA" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">E. robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E744070FE815E8A15239DBA" authorityName="Parin &amp; Abramov" authorityYear="1986" box="[270,558,656,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marimonticolus">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E744070FE815E8A15239DBA" box="[270,558,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">Epigonus marimonticolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and two new species described in the present study,
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E744070FBF15E8B121E9DBA" authorityName="Okamoto &amp; Gon" authorityYear="2018" box="[1150,1299,656,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bispinosus">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E744070FBF15E8B121E9DBA" box="[1150,1299,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">E. bispinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E744070FAC55E8B12989DBA" authorityName="Okamoto &amp; Gon" authorityYear="2018" box="[1354,1429,656,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="idai">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E744070FAC55E8B12989DBA" box="[1354,1429,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">E. idai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, differ from
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E744070FE915EAF16C79DDE" authorityName="Parin &amp; Abramov" authorityYear="1986" box="[286,458,692,716]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waltersensis">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E744070FE915EAF16C79DDE" box="[286,458,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">E. waltersensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having 10 soft rays on the second dorsal fin (vs.
<quantity id="4CF3A3CB6E744070FBA15EAE13569DDF" box="[1070,1115,692,717]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E744070FBEB5EAF121D9DDE" authorityName="Parin &amp; Abramov" authorityYear="1986" box="[1124,1296,692,716]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waltersensis">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E744070FBEB5EAF121D9DDE" box="[1124,1296,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">E. waltersensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and 1015 pyloric caeca (vs.
<quantity id="4CF3A3CB6E744070FEE65ECD169B9DE2" box="[361,406,727,752]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E744070FE105EC315419DE2" authorityName="Parin &amp; Abramov" authorityYear="1986" box="[415,588,728,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waltersensis">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E744070FE105EC315419DE2" box="[415,588,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">E. waltersensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Furthermore,
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E744070FC8E5EC314A19DE2" authorityName="Parin &amp; Abramov" authorityYear="1986" box="[769,940,728,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waltersensis">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E744070FC8E5EC314A19DE2" box="[769,940,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">E. waltersensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from the remaining 7 species of the genus in the
<collectingRegion id="49CFC0CC6E744070FE4A5EE7152D9C06" box="[453,544,765,788]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Western" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">Western</collectingRegion>
Indian Ocean by having a pungent opercular spine (
<figureCitation id="133012AB6E744070FBE55EE613B09C06" box="[1130,1213,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1185,1207]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,844,1164]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[188,1398,844,1164]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 19. Epigonus waltersensis, ZIN 47335, holotype, 129.0 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1182207/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="286">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>