1569 lines
177 KiB
XML
1569 lines
177 KiB
XML
<document id="E245BAC29D9B019EDE2890E5CB07D843" ID-CLB-Dataset="36881" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3781.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b6bac6d0-db3d-4c14-b289-ef0bb7184f3a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="285772" ID-ZooBank="D0E3A02D-340D-423F-9ADB-1089FB89C7EB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460402175078" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Spodek, Malkie & Ben-Dov, Yair" docDate="2014" docId="03A2A358FFDBFFEB39A9EA43FB7E4463" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03781p099.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3781 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Kermes echinatus Balachowsky" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FF9BDB20FFD3FFFC393EED1CFF974776" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Kermesidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in Israel, with a description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698299345580" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="FDD09091059FBCF48C995E9D9DE7D7B0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="339DE77BF755E898E7AAD9C6858771F5">
|
||
<mods:title id="4481C3E509D79CAAB1F7CCDF30E773CB">A taxonomic revision of the Kermesidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in Israel, with a description of a new species</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="A732E9EB87608F089272A95EC8E84BF7" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="2945C8C220293E57D3A4AB6251225D3A">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="3CECC85873ECA114E5847024CC5DA334">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="787C013C0DBE5C081EA5364D90EC41C0">Spodek, Malkie</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="961897257926CDD256A7F3AFB86D4477" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="F321E6A24AA58F53793AA808BDCB0A79">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="284176D9510D63371E19D8D12B7698A0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D4292848A853F0E287C0EE38B33052BC">Ben-Dov, Yair</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="1C6169F611D0117827DC3DC427E66A7E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="B8BF5699C90CE7DBEDA3EB51996EA92C" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="97637B84078E76BF2F996D544128174F">
|
||
<mods:title id="484FB36D8D46EA34F7706D9F05DB6BE7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="68F9EF69CE935452D40FF40F1C431AE1">
|
||
<mods:date id="3968009DDBFB2EE01AE944DAB12F50D8">2014</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="5DC77587B3098E17AF21A075992E2858" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="907065E66AF992ECFA3F1F37B911EB31">3781</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="B1E398989B1C557BBF69373639DB4096" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="352CC7026C1A3275D7541709A1D8BF07">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="60A7E1CF008B20BFB071E4689BF2774E" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="3C2223164476768BA41319D78D83B411">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="4ED76A43BEBD4FACCE72B2CA1A3D57B2">99</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="80C0D64FB28A98F01CE392035CE0F88D">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8C1FD314BA379EA7B2AA9205EAD419C9" type="CLB-Dataset">36881</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="6D6BD6D9084FDEC39A25FBECAFF0A547" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3781.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="28DEDD60A696C927F54DB4F64EF1196C" type="GBIF-Dataset">b6bac6d0-db3d-4c14-b289-ef0bb7184f3a</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0E53460B5E4A0B0A85C94F9AFA74B3C8" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5D481AEF6FF4FC96720250F8A97A3FE1" type="Zenodo-Dep">285772</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="CC1DEEDAE48BCA1FA1FD67EC21B717A1" type="ZooBank">D0E3A02D-340D-423F-9ADB-1089FB89C7EB</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03A2A358FFDBFFEB39A9EA43FB7E4463" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6141252" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127667398" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6141252" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A2A358FFDBFFEB39A9EA43FB7E4463" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A2A358FFDBFFEB39A9EA43FB7E4463" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31141C5FFDBFFF439A9EA43FE4140ED" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFDBFFF439A9EA43FD8D400C" blockId="8.[151,538,1887,1947]" box="[151,538,1887,1914]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<heading id="D0FCA522FFDBFFF439A9EA43FD8D400C" bold="true" box="[151,538,1887,1914]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDBFFF439A9EA43FD8D400C" ID-CoL="3R64Z" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[151,538,1887,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDBFFF439A9EA43FD8D400C" bold="true" box="[151,538,1887,1914]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDBFFF439A9EA43FEF9400F" bold="true" box="[151,366,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Kermes echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
Balachowsky
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFDBFFF439A9EA9EFE4140ED" blockId="8.[151,538,1887,1947]" box="[151,470,1922,1947]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
(Figs. 1–8;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFFDBFFF43829EA9EFEF340ED" box="[279,356,1922,1947]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="12.[151,234,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[214,1380,199,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[206,1384,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="PLATE 1. Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, general appearance; a. second-instar female; b. third-instar female; c. young adult female; d. gravid female; e. post-reproductive female; f. second-instar male; g. prepupa; h. pupa; i. adult male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285773/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Plate 1</figureCitation>
|
||
, figs. a–i)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31141C5FFDBFFF539A9EAD7FE8947A2" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFDBFFF539A9EAD7FE8947A2" blockId="8.[151,587,1994,2016]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,2027]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B3560FFDBFFF539A9EAD7FE8947A2" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDBFFF539A9EAD7FF5E47C6" ID-CoL="3R64Z" authority="Balachowsky, 1953: 181 This" authorityName="Balachowsky, 1953: 181 This" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDBFFF439A9EAD7FEDB4096" box="[151,332,1994,2016]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Kermes echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA345FFFDBFFF4386CEAD6FDDC4096" author="Balachowsky" box="[338,587,1994,2016]" page="181" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1953">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFFDBFFF4386CEAD6FD8C4096" author="Balachowsky" box="[338,539,1994,2016]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Balachowsky, A. S. (1953) Sur les Kermes Boitard (Hom: Coccoidea) des Chenes du Bassin Oriental de la Mediterranee. France. Revue de Pathologie Vegetale et d'Entomologie Agricole de France, 32, 181 - 189." type="journal article" year="1953">Balachowsky, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 181
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
This
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species was originally described from first-instar nymphs collected at Nahalal forest,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFFDAFFF53DFBED8BFA9147C6" box="[1221,1286,151,176]" name="Israel" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
, on
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDAFFF53C00ED84FF6847A2" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDAFFF53C00ED84FA0B47D9" ID-CoL="3R66V" box="[1342,1436,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
|
||
coccifera
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
L.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31141C5FFDAFFF739F9EDC3FD0F45E0" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFDAFFF539F9EDC3FC964198" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,2027]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDAFFF539F9EDC3FCCC478E" bold="true" box="[199,859,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Material examined.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFFDAFFF538FDEDC3FE69478E" box="[451,510,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material studied.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFFDAFFF53BD9EDC3FCC0478E" box="[743,855,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
2 first-instar nymphs, Nahalal Forest,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFFDAFFF53C11EDC3FAE7478E" box="[1327,1392,223,248]" name="Israel" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDAFFF53CBFEDFCFF68466A" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Q. coccifera</emphasis>
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53838EC18FEE0466B" box="[262,375,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1950-05-10">10.v.1950</date>
|
||
, Bytinski-Salz (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1A8A8BFFDAFFF53B16EC18FDF4466A" box="[552,611,260,284]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1jyc-x7t4" name="The Volcani Center" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ICVI</collectionCode>
|
||
C:3691,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1A8A8BFFDAFFF53BF4EC19FC88466A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[714,799,261,284]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
1065-8).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDAFFF53AB3EC18FB32466B" bold="true" box="[909,1189,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Other material studied.</emphasis>
|
||
All non-type material collected off
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDAFFF5380DEC34FE454636" box="[307,466,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Q. calliprinos</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFFDAFFF538C1EC3BFDAA4636" box="[511,573,295,320]" name="Israel" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
by M. Spodek, unless otherwise indicated. Alonei Abba Nature Reserve,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF539A9EC50FE994613" box="[151,270,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-19">19.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:530/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF538B8EC50FE414613" box="[390,470,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="adult">2 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1A8A8BFFDAFFF53B3BEC50FDCD4612" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[517,602,332,356]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53B4EEC50FD704613" box="[624,743,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-26">26.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(C:4999/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF53A67EC50FC334613" box="[857,932,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀, MC:549/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF53D7DEC50FB044613" box="[1091,1171,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="adult">3 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1A8A8BFFDAFFF53DFDEC50FA8A4612" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1219,1309,332,356]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53C0CEC50FA0B4613" box="[1330,1436,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-06-03">3.vi.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:711/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF53838EC6CFEC346FE" box="[262,340,367,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="adult">3 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1A8A8BFFDAFFF538BAEC6CFE4A46FE" box="[388,477,368,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
); Eilon,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53B7FEC73FD2F46FE" box="[577,696,367,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-19">19.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:532/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF53A0CEC73FC1746FE" box="[818,896,367,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="adult">3 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀, MC:533/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF53D2BEC73FBF146FE" box="[1045,1126,367,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="adult">4 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53DA1EC73FA8246FE" box="[1183,1301,367,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-22">22.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:541/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF53CADEC73FF5846DB" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀, MC:542/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF5385AEC88FE2446DB" box="[356,435,404,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="adult">2 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF538D5EC88FDF546DB" box="[491,610,404,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-26">26.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(C:4998/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF53BEAEC88FC8946DB" box="[724,798,404,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀, MC:548/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF53A8DEC88FB9546DB" box="[947,1026,404,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="adult">4 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53D05EC88FB3246DB" box="[1083,1189,404,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-06-03">3.vi.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:692/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF53C23EC88FAFB46DB" box="[1309,1388,404,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="adult">2 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀); Nahal Dolev Nature Reserve,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53B36ECABFD1746A6" box="[520,640,439,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2010-06-17">17.vi.2010</date>
|
||
(MC:261/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF53A3DECABFCC446A6" box="[771,851,439,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53AA9ECABFB9846A6" box="[919,1039,439,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-06-15">15.vi.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:699/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF53DB2ECABFB7646A6" box="[1164,1249,439,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="adult">2 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53C1BECABFA0B46A6" box="[1317,1436,439,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-17">17.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:528/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF53834ECC0FEC44683" box="[266,339,476,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF538B8ECC0FE674683" box="[390,496,476,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-06-08">8.vi.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:695/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF53B54ECC0FD244683" box="[618,691,476,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53BD8ECC0FCC94683" box="[742,862,476,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-06-22">22.vi.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:709/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF53AEAECC0FBB64683" box="[980,1057,476,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="adult">4 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀); Hanita,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53D90ECC0FA8F4683" box="[1198,1304,476,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2010-06-06">6.vi.2010</date>
|
||
(MC:227/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF53CADECC0FF58456E" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀); Nebi Hazuri,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF538A7ECE3FD9E456E" box="[409,521,511,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-07-06">6.vii.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:556/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF53BBEECE3FD5C456E" box="[640,715,511,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="adult">3 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♀); Eilon,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53A76EF1CFC22456E" box="[840,949,512,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-05-23">23.v.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:508/2 third-instar ♀, MC:510/3 thirdinstar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53835EF3AFE164549" box="[267,385,550,575]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-12">12.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:531/1 third-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53BFBEF3AFCAA4549" box="[709,829,550,575]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-19">19.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:533/1 third-instar ♀, MC:544/4 third-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF539A9EF51FE9F4510" box="[151,264,589,614]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-07-06">6.vii.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:554/1 third-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53B76EF51FD254510" box="[584,690,589,614]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-06-03">3.vi.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:691/3 third-instar ♀); Masada,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53D62EF51FB5A4510" box="[1116,1229,589,614]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2010-07-04">4.vii.2010</date>
|
||
(MC:283/1 thirdinstar ♀); Nahal Dolev Nature Reserve,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53B6BEF68FD5945FB" box="[597,718,628,653]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2010-06-17">17.vi.2010</date>
|
||
(MC:257/1 third-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53D3AEF68FBFB45FB" box="[1028,1132,628,653]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-03">3.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:519/5 third-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF539A9EF87FE9A45C2" box="[151,269,667,692]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-10">10.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:521/7 third-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53B77EF87FD5745C2" box="[585,704,667,692]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-17">17.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:540/2 third-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53AC5EF87FBF245C2" box="[1019,1125,667,692]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-06-01">1.vi.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:675/3 third-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF539A9EFDEFE9645AD" box="[151,257,706,731]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-06-08">8.vi.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:694/3 third-instar ♀); Nebi Hazuri,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53BE9EFDEFCDF45AD" box="[727,840,706,731]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-07-06">6.vii.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:555/7 third-instar ♀, MC:556/1 third-instar ♀); Eilon,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF539D7EFF9FEC44588" box="[233,339,741,766]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2010-06-06">6.vi.2010</date>
|
||
(MC:252/1 second-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53BFBEFFAFCA54588" box="[709,818,742,766]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-05-17">17.v.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:498/3 second-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53D9AEFFAFA864588" box="[1188,1297,742,766]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-05-23">23.v.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:508/4 second-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53859EE16FE584455" box="[359,463,778,803]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-01">1.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:512/4 second-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53A0FEE16FC3F4455" box="[817,936,778,803]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-17">17.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:499/1 second-instar ♀), Nahal Dolev Nature Reserve,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF5385CEE31FE4C4430" box="[354,475,813,838]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2010-06-17">17.vi.2010</date>
|
||
(MC:258/1 second-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53A70EE31FC2C4430" box="[846,955,813,838]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-05-15">15.v.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:498/2 second-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53C11EE32FA0B4430" box="[1327,1436,814,838]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-05-27">27.v.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:518/2 second-instar ♀); Nebi Hazuri,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53B45EE4EFD66441D" box="[635,753,850,875]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-12">12.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:522/2 second-instar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53D7AEE4EFB2C441D" box="[1092,1211,850,875]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-19">19.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:537/3 secondinstar ♀),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF5382FEE69FE1F44F8" box="[273,392,885,910]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-26">26.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:545/1 second-instar ♀); Alonei Abba Nature Reserve,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53D6CEE69FB4544F8" box="[1106,1234,885,910]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2010-07-15">15.vii.2010</date>
|
||
(MC:289/6 firstinstars,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1A8A8BFFDAFFF539D3EE86FED544C4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[237,322,922,946]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF5386BEE86FE5B44C5" box="[341,460,922,947]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-26">26.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:559/1 first-instar); Eilon,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53A12EE86FC3344C5" box="[812,932,922,947]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2010-09-26">26.ix.2010</date>
|
||
(MC:306/8 first-instars,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1A8A8BFFDAFFF53D85EE86FA8244C4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1211,1301,922,946]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53C19EE86FA0B44C5" box="[1319,1436,922,947]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-04-21">21.iv.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:486/14 first-instars,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED1A8A8BFFDAFFF538F5EEA2FDB444A0" box="[459,547,958,982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53B7EEEA2FD3A44A0" box="[576,685,958,982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-05-17">17.v.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:499/2 first-instars),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53AD0EEA1FBC944A0" box="[1006,1118,957,982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-07-01">1.vii.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:550/15 first-instars),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF539A9EEFEFE81448D" box="[151,278,994,1019]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-07-22">22.vii.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:718/13 first-instars); Hanita,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53B86EEFEFCB5448D" box="[696,802,994,1019]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2010-06-06">6.vi.2010</date>
|
||
(MC:247/4 first-instars),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53D68EEFEFB58448D" box="[1110,1231,994,1019]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-03-13">13.iii.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:457/7 firstinstars); Nahal Dolev Nature Reserve,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53B70E919FD424368" box="[590,725,1029,1054]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2010-08-22">22.viii.2010</date>
|
||
(MC:293/6 first-instars),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53AC7E919FBE54368" box="[1017,1138,1029,1054]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-08-08">8.viii.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:562/23 first-instars),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF539A9E936FE9F4335" box="[151,264,1066,1091]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-07-01">1.vii.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:717/9 first-instars); Nebi Hazuri,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53BDDE936FCFA4335" box="[739,877,1066,1091]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2000-08-17">17.viii.2000</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFFDAFFF53A41E937FC044334" box="[895,915,1067,1090]" name="Italy" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Y</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Ben-Dov (C:3409/1 first-instar),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53C14E936FA0B4335" box="[1322,1436,1066,1091]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2010-07-04">4.vii.2010</date>
|
||
(C:4818/1 first-instar),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF5388CE951FDB44310" box="[434,547,1101,1126]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-07-06">6.vii.2011</date>
|
||
(C:5003/1 first-instar),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53A71E951FC5A4310" box="[847,973,1101,1126]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-07-17">17.vii.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:561/13 first-instars); Neve Zuf,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF539A9E96EFE8043FD" box="[151,279,1138,1163]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2000-07-10">10.vii.2000</date>
|
||
(C:4752/1 first-instar),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53B1AE96EFD3343FD" box="[548,676,1138,1163]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2003-07-18">18.vii.2003</date>
|
||
(C:4751/1 first-instar),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFFDAFFF53A8CE96FFC5143FC" box="[946,966,1139,1162]" name="Italy" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Y</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Ben-Dov; Ramah,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53D98E96EFAB243FD" box="[1190,1317,1138,1163]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2001-07-12">12.vii.2001</date>
|
||
(MC:56/6 first-instars); Timrat,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF538ABE989FD8443D8" box="[405,531,1173,1198]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-07-21">21.vii.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:563/12 first-instars),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53A68E989FC4743D8" box="[854,976,1173,1198]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-03-25">25.iii.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:651/3 first-instars); Alonei Abba Nature Reserve,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF5386AE9A6FE5B43A5" box="[340,460,1210,1235]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-06-21">21.vi.2012</date>
|
||
(C:5169/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF53B03E9A6FD1143A5" box="[573,646,1210,1235]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♂, MC:733/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF53A29E9A6FCF243A5" box="[791,869,1210,1235]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="adult">4 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♂); Nahal Dolev,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53D06E9A6FB3543A5" box="[1080,1186,1210,1235]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-06-01">1.vi.2012</date>
|
||
(MC: 676/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF53C18E9A6FAF943A5" box="[1318,1390,1210,1235]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♂),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF539A9E9C1FE974380" box="[151,256,1245,1270]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-06-09">9.vi.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:732/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF53840E9C2FE464380" box="[382,465,1245,1270]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="adult">7 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♂); Nebi Hazuri,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53B86E9C1FCBE4380" box="[696,809,1245,1270]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-07-06">6.vii.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:734/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF53A95E9C2FC6D4380" box="[939,1018,1245,1270]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
♂); Alonei Abba Nature Reserve,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF539A9E81EFE99426D" box="[151,270,1282,1307]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-19">19.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:535/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF538B9E81EFE45426C" box="[391,466,1282,1307]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF538DAE81EFDD9426D" box="[484,590,1282,1307]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-06-03">3.vi.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:673/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF53BFDE81EFC88426C" box="[707,799,1282,1307]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="pupa">7 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
); Eilon,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53A45E81EFC7F426C" box="[891,1000,1282,1306]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-05-23">23.v.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:505/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF53D5CE81EFB3B426C" box="[1122,1196,1282,1307]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53D80E81EFAB0426D" box="[1214,1319,1282,1307]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-01">1.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:513/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF539A9E83AFF644248" box="[151,243,1318,1342]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53838E839FEE94248" box="[262,382,1317,1342]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-19">19.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:538/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF538CBE839FDC74248" box="[501,592,1317,1342]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="pupa">3 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
); Nahal Dolev Nature Reserve,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53A8AE839FBBC4248" box="[948,1067,1317,1342]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-10">10.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC: 521/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF53D93E839FB6F4248" box="[1197,1272,1317,1342]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||
), Nebi Hazuri,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF539A9E856FE994215" box="[151,270,1354,1379]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-19">19.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:536/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF538B5E856FE4E4214" box="[395,473,1354,1379]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF538D1E856FDF74215" box="[495,608,1354,1379]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-07-06">6.vii.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:557/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0DD9C7FFDAFFF53BE7E856FCAE4214" box="[729,825,1354,1379]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
). Alonei Abba Nature Reserve,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53D93E856FA814215" box="[1197,1302,1354,1379]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-01">1.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:511/1 prepupa),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF5382AE871FE1D42F0" box="[276,394,1389,1414]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-12">12.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:524/2 prepupae),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53B8BE871FCBB42F0" box="[693,812,1389,1414]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-19">19.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:535/1 prepupa), Eilon,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53D9EE872FA9A42F0" box="[1184,1293,1390,1414]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-05-23">23.v.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:505/2 prepupae),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53825E88EFE1442DD" box="[283,387,1426,1451]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-01">1.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:513/6 prepupae),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53BA0E88EFC8142DD" box="[670,790,1426,1451]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-12">12.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:523/1 prepupa),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53D1DE88EFB0D42DD" box="[1059,1178,1426,1451]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-19">19.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:538/1 prepupa); Hanita,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF539CBE8AAFEF442B8" box="[245,355,1462,1486]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-05-24">24.v.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:660/1 prepupa); Nahal Dolev Nature Reserve,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53AE8E8A9FBDB42B8" box="[982,1100,1461,1486]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-10">10.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC: 521/1 prepupa); Nebi Hazuri,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF539CBE8C6FEFB4285" box="[245,364,1498,1523]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-19">19.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:536/1 prepupa); Alonei Abba Nature Reserve,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53AE9E8C6FBD34284" box="[983,1092,1498,1522]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-05-23">23.v.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:507/3 second-instar ♂),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF539A9E8E1FF684160" box="[151,255,1533,1558]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-01">1.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:511/10 second-instar ♂),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53B4FE8E1FD4C4160" box="[625,731,1533,1558]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-06-03">3.vi.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:671/ 1 second-instar ♂); Eilon,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53DA2E8E2FA9E4160" box="[1180,1289,1534,1558]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-05-23">23.v.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:505/ 2 second-instar ♂), (MC:508/16 second-instar ♂),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53BFEEB3EFCBE414D" box="[704,809,1570,1595]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-01">1.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:512/9 second-instar ♂), (MC:513/6 second-instar ♂),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF539F8EB59FEA74128" box="[198,304,1605,1630]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-06-03">3.vi.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:689/2 second-instar ♂); Hanita,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53BD4EB5AFCDE4128" box="[746,841,1606,1630]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-05-07">7.v.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:277/3 second-instar ♂),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53D96EB5AFA814128" box="[1192,1302,1606,1630]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-05-24">24.v.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:659/2 second-instar ♂); Nahal Dolev Nature Reserve,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53BF5EB76FCAE41F4" box="[715,825,1642,1666]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-05-27">27.v.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:509/14 second-instar ♂),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53D95EB76FA8341F5" box="[1195,1300,1642,1667]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-03">3.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:516/7 second-instar ♂),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53852EB91FE7441D0" box="[364,483,1677,1702]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-10">10.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:521/5 second-instar ♂),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53A71EB91FC5141D0" box="[847,966,1677,1702]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-17">17.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:539/2 second-instar ♂),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53C0CEB91FA0B41D0" box="[1330,1436,1677,1702]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-06-01">1.vi.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:677/6 second-instar ♂),
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF538D8EBAEFDC741BD" box="[486,592,1714,1739]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-06-08">8.vi.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:688/5 second-instar ♂); Nebi Hazuri,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF53D7CEBAEFB2E41BD" box="[1090,1209,1714,1739]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2011-06-19">19.vi.2011</date>
|
||
(MC:536/4 secondinstar ♂); Timrat,
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFDAFFF5385CEBCAFE474198" box="[354,464,1750,1774]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2012-05-24">24.v.2012</date>
|
||
(MC:656/9 second-instar).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFDAFFF539F9EBE6FBFD409D" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,2027]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDAFFF539F9EBE6FEF44065" bold="true" box="[199,355,1786,1811]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Adult female</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig. 1).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDAFFF538ECEBE6FBD64065" bold="true" box="[466,1089,1786,1811]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">General appearance. Pre-reproductive adult female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFFDAFFF53D6CEBE6FB354064" box="[1106,1186,1786,1811]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="12.[151,234,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[214,1380,199,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[206,1384,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="PLATE 1. Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, general appearance; a. second-instar female; b. third-instar female; c. young adult female; d. gravid female; e. post-reproductive female; f. second-instar male; g. prepupa; h. pupa; i. adult male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285773/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Plate 1</figureCitation>
|
||
, fig. c). Body oval to round and slightly convex;
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFDAFFF538DBEA01FDE44040" box="[485,627,1821,1846]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="2.85" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, 2.0–3.0 mm wide; dorsum brownish-grey with 4 or 5 black longitudinal lines and 6–9 black transverse lines formed of dots and lines; venter red.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDAFFF53D63EA5EFA9E402D" bold="true" box="[1117,1289,1858,1883]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gravid female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFFDAFFF53C26EA5EFAF0402C" box="[1304,1383,1858,1883]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="12.[151,234,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[214,1380,199,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[206,1384,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="PLATE 1. Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, general appearance; a. second-instar female; b. third-instar female; c. young adult female; d. gravid female; e. post-reproductive female; f. second-instar male; g. prepupa; h. pupa; i. adult male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285773/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Plate 1</figureCitation>
|
||
, fig. d). Body highly convex;
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFDAFFF53882EA7AFDD14008" box="[444,582,1894,1918]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="3.65" valueMax="4.4" valueMin="2.9">2.9–4.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFDAFFF53BAAEA79FC894008" box="[660,798,1893,1918]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="3.9" valueMax="5.1" valueMin="2.7">2.7–5.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFDAFFF53A4EEA7AFC6C4008" box="[880,1019,1894,1918]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.8" valueMin="3.2">3.2–4.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
high; dorsum and venter brownishreddish-grey; dorsum with black, longitudinal and transverse lines.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDAFFF53A96EA96FB4F40D5" bold="true" box="[936,1240,1930,1955]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Post-reproductive female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFFDAFFF53DD4EA96FAAB40D4" box="[1258,1340,1930,1955]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="12.[151,234,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[214,1380,199,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[206,1384,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="PLATE 1. Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, general appearance; a. second-instar female; b. third-instar female; c. young adult female; d. gravid female; e. post-reproductive female; f. second-instar male; g. prepupa; h. pupa; i. adult male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285773/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Plate 1</figureCitation>
|
||
, fig. e). Body hemispherical and moderately convex, 3.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFDAFFF53BD9EAB2FCD340B0" box="[743,836,1966,1991]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, 3.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFDAFFF53AF5EAB2FBB040B0" box="[971,1063,1966,1991]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="5.1">5.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, 2.0–3.0 mm high; body sclerotized; dorsum red with 6–9 transverse black lines represented as reticulated folds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFD9FFF639F9ED8BFD34466B" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD9FFF639F9ED8BFDB147C6" bold="true" box="[199,550,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mounted young adult female.</emphasis>
|
||
Body oval to circular; 2.0–3.0 mm long, 2.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFD9FFF63D1AED84FBEE47D9" box="[1060,1145,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD9FFF63DFAED8BFF4547A3" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Margin. Marginal setae</emphasis>
|
||
conical, each 12–13 µm long, 10–11 µm wide at base; arranged in a single row of 30–38 on each side, extending from cephalic apex to posterior end of body.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD9FFF63A3DEDC3FBA5478E" bold="true" box="[771,1074,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Dorsal submarginal setae</emphasis>
|
||
short and spinose; each 7–9 µm long, in a complete line of 28–33 on each side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFD9FFF639F9EC3BFCEC46DB" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD9FFF639F9EC3BFEE14636" bold="true" box="[199,374,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Dorsum. Setae</emphasis>
|
||
conical, each 10–13 µm long, 7–10 wide at base, similar in shape and size to marginal setae, with 14–22 setae randomly placed on dorsum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD9FFF63BF0EC50FC1C4613" bold="true" box="[718,907,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bilocular pores</emphasis>
|
||
oval, each 3 µm long, 2 µm wide; present throughout.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD9FFF6381FEC73FE5C46FE" bold="true" box="[289,459,367,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tubular ducts</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFFD9FFF638CCEC6CFDBD46FE" box="[498,554,368,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
2, each with outer ductule 12–17 µm long, inner ductule 10–15 µm long and with a sclerotized cup 5 µm diameter; present throughout dorsum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFD9FFF639A9EBBFFE8441CF" blockId="10.[151,275,1699,1721]" box="[151,275,1699,1721]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD9FFF639A9EBBFFE8441CF" bold="true" box="[151,275,1699,1721]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFD9FFF739F9EBFCFD0F45E0" blockId="10.[151,1437,1760,2028]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,2014]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD9FFF639F9EBFCFECB418F" bold="true" box="[199,348,1760,1785]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Venter. Eyes</emphasis>
|
||
circular, each 20–25 µm diameter, anterolateral to each scape, near body margin.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD9FFF63C32EBFCFAD3418F" bold="true" box="[1292,1348,1760,1785]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD9FFF639A9EA1FFE9D406A" bold="true" box="[151,266,1795,1820]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
1 segmented, 26–35 µm long, 20–31 µm wide, each bearing 5–8 fleshy setae; each scape surrounded by a group of 40–45 multilocular pores, each pore 7–8 µm diameter with 10 loculi.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD9FFF63D7EEA3AFB294049" bold="true" box="[1088,1214,1830,1855]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tentorium</emphasis>
|
||
235–250 µm long, 212–225 µm wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD9FFF6384CEA54FE464017" bold="true" box="[370,465,1864,1889]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Labium</emphasis>
|
||
3 segmented, triangular, 160–175 µm long, 110–135 µm wide; labial setae as follows: basal segment with 2 pairs of setose setae 5–8 µm long; medial segment with a pair of setose setae 12–20 µm long, and apical segment with 4 pairs of setose setae 10–12 µm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD9FFF63A50EA92FC4C40D1" bold="true" box="[878,987,1934,1959]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Spiracles</emphasis>
|
||
subequal in size; each peritreme 50–68 µm long, 30–37 µm wide, in a group of 15–22 loculate pores laterad to each spiracle, each 8 µm diameter with 10 loculi; also with 2 pores with 6 loculi laterad to each anterior peritreme, each 6 µm diameter.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD9FFF63DEFEACFFAEB409A" bold="true" box="[1233,1404,2003,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tubular ducts</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFFD8FFF739A9ED84FF5847C6" box="[151,207,152,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
2, each with outer ductule 10–16 µm long, sclerotized cup 4–5 µm diameter and inner ductule 11–15 µm long, present in a complete, submarginal band 8–11 ducts wide and also sparsely distributed throughout rest of venter.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF739D7EDC1FE584780" bold="true" box="[233,463,221,246]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Multilocular pores,</emphasis>
|
||
each 10 µm diameter with 10–12 loculi, in transverse bands 2 to 3 pores wide on each abdominal segment, totaling 114–120 pores on each segment; also with a group of 52–56 pores just posterior to vulva.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF739DAEC3EFE35464D" bold="true" box="[228,418,290,315]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bilocular pores,</emphasis>
|
||
each 3 µm long and 2 µm wide, interspersed between tubular ducts in submarginal band.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF739A9EC59FE164628" bold="true" box="[151,385,325,350]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Microtubular ducts</emphasis>
|
||
with circular opening about 2 Μm diameter, inner ductule about 1 Μm long and outer ductule 0.5 Μm long; interspersed between multilocular pores on abdomen.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF73AA4EC7BFBA046F6" bold="true" box="[922,1079,359,384]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ventral setae</emphasis>
|
||
of three
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFFD8FFF73D9EEC74FB4846F6" box="[1184,1247,360,384]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">types</typeStatus>
|
||
: (i) setose setae: with about 12 just anterior to tentorium between antennae, each 7–12 µm long; about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFD8FFF73D5BEC97FB0746D5" box="[1125,1168,394,419]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
|
||
median and submedian areas of thorax; and 6-8 setae present in a row on each abdominal segment, each 20–25 µm long; also 1 pair present just anterior to anal ring, each 10–12 µm long; 1 pair present posteriorly to anal ring, each 10–12 µm long; and a pair of apical setae, 33–35 µm long; (ii) conical setae: a pair present on venter slightly above posterior margin, each 10–12 µm long and wide; and (iii) tack-like setae, each 5 µm long, with about 11 on each side mesad to each complete submarginal band of tubular ducts.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF73BA9EF2BFCB84526" bold="true" box="[663,815,567,592]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Microspines,</emphasis>
|
||
each 1 or 2 µm long, in groups of
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFD8FFF73D81EF2BFA904526" box="[1215,1287,567,592]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 in</quantity>
|
||
3–8 rows on each abdominal segment.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF738FBEF46FDAB4505" bold="true" box="[453,572,602,627]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Anal ring</emphasis>
|
||
ventral, forming a complete sclerotized circle, 42–60 µm diameter; pores absent, but with 6 setae, each 25–40 µm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31141C5FFD8FFEB39F9EF83FB7E4463" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFD8FFF739F9EF83FD4844B8" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF739F9EF83FED845CE" bold="true" box="[199,335,671,696]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
The adult female of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF73B6CEFBDFCEF45CE" box="[594,888,671,696]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFD8FFF73B6CEFBDFD7245CE" box="[594,741,671,696]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">K. echinatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFD8FFF73BCBEFBDFCEF45CE" box="[757,888,671,696]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">K. vermilio</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, a Mediterranean species not present in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFFD8FFF73C60EF83FA0B45CE" box="[1374,1436,671,696]" name="Israel" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Spodek & Ben-Dov, 2012), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFD8FFF73B2DEFD8FD5545AD" box="[531,706,706,731]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF73B2DEFD8FD5545AD" box="[531,706,706,731]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24C7327FFD8FFF73BF2EFDFFC9E45AD" box="[716,777,707,731]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
described below, all share the following features: (i) legs reduced or absent; (ii)
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFFD8FFF7389CEFFAFE4E4588" box="[418,473,742,766]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
2 tubular ducts present on both venter and dorsum; (iii) dorsum without seta-pore clusters; (iv) anal ring ventral; (v) conical setae on margin and dorsum; and (vi) multilocular pores surrounding each antennal scape. These species differ in the structure of the anal ring:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFD8FFF73AC8EE30FB134435" box="[1014,1156,810,835]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF73AC8EE30FB134435" box="[1014,1156,810,835]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has three pairs of setae, without pores;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFD8FFF7387DEE52FE644410" box="[323,499,845,870]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF7387DEE52FE644410" box="[323,499,845,870]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has three pairs of setae with pores and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFD8FFF73A80EE52FBA94410" box="[958,1086,845,870]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF73A80EE52FBA94410" box="[958,1086,845,870]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has pores without setae. They also differ in the number of antennal and leg segments:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFD8FFF73A37EE6DFC6544FE" box="[777,1010,879,904]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF73A37EE6DFC6544FE" box="[777,1010,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Kermes hermonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has three, four, five or six-segmented antennae (segmentation obscure in other two species) and legs reduced to three segments, whereas the two other species have one-segmented antennae and lack legs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFD8FFF739F9EECBFBFB432E" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF739F9EECBFE204486" bold="true" box="[199,439,983,1008]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Third-instar female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFFD8FFF738F5EECBFD824486" box="[459,533,983,1008]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1419,1441]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, third-instar female." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFFD8FFF73B1BEECBFDE04486" box="[549,631,983,1008]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="12.[151,234,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[214,1380,199,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[206,1384,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="PLATE 1. Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, general appearance; a. second-instar female; b. third-instar female; c. young adult female; d. gravid female; e. post-reproductive female; f. second-instar male; g. prepupa; h. pupa; i. adult male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285773/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Plate 1</figureCitation>
|
||
, fig. b).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF73BDAEECBFC754486" bold="true" box="[740,994,983,1008]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">General appearance.</emphasis>
|
||
Body broadly oval to round, slightly convex,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFD8FFF739C6EEE6FE164364" box="[248,385,1018,1043]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="1.4" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFD8FFF738C0EEE6FDC24364" box="[510,597,1018,1043]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; dorsum orange-red-brown, venter red; dorsum covered with a thin layer of wax, composed of 5 longitudinal rows of rectangular wax plates, median row with 10 plates, mediolateral rows with 9–11 plates and marginal rows with 7–12 plates. Wax plates largest medially.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFD8FFF739F9E97EFC5C43B6" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF739F9E97EFE27430D" bold="true" box="[199,432,1122,1147]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mounted specimen.</emphasis>
|
||
Body oval, 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFD8FFF73B54E97EFD29430C" box="[618,702,1122,1147]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFD8FFF73A3AE97FFC1D430C" box="[772,906,1123,1147]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF73AEAE97EFB79430D" bold="true" box="[980,1262,1122,1147]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Margin. Marginal setae</emphasis>
|
||
conical, 10 µm long, 10 µm wide at base, in a complete single line of 30–34 on each side.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF73D3FE999FABF43E8" bold="true" box="[1025,1320,1157,1182]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dorsal submarginal seta</emphasis>
|
||
short and spinose, each 5 µm long, in a complete single line of 29–33 on each side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFD8FFF739F9E9D6FDAD4218" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF739F9E9D6FEEF4395" bold="true" box="[199,376,1226,1251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dorsum. Setae</emphasis>
|
||
conical, each about 8 µm long, 5 µm wide at base, distinctly thinner than marginal conical setae; in 4 longitudinal medial and submedial rows, each row with 8 setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF73D3EE9F1FB7B4270" bold="true" box="[1024,1260,1261,1286]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Microtubular ducts</emphasis>
|
||
with a circular opening about 2 Μm diameter, inner ductule about 1 Μm long and outer ductule 0.5 Μm long; scattered on entire dorsum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF739C6E82EFE37423D" bold="true" box="[248,416,1330,1355]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tubular ducts</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFFD8FFF738FAE82FFE6B423D" box="[452,508,1331,1355]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
2, with inner ductule 13–15 µm long, inner cup about 5 µm wide and outer ductule 13–15 µm long, scattered on dorsum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFD8FFF739F9E86BFCF540AB" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF739F9E86BFEF642E6" bold="true" box="[199,353,1399,1424]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Venter. Eyes</emphasis>
|
||
circular, 10 µm diameter, placed laterally to each scape, near body margin.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF73C33E86BFA1742E6" bold="true" box="[1293,1408,1399,1424]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
1 segmented, 25 µm long; with 7 fleshy setae on apical tip.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF73A58E886FC0942C5" bold="true" box="[870,926,1434,1459]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
reduced to stumps, each 15–28 µm long; prothoracic pair always present, sometimes with 2 setae; other legs sometimes absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF73DBDE8A1FA9642A0" bold="true" box="[1155,1281,1469,1494]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tentorium</emphasis>
|
||
112–180 µm long, 90–150 µm wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF7389DE8C3FD96428E" bold="true" box="[419,513,1503,1528]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Labium</emphasis>
|
||
3 segmented, triangular, 130–142 µm long, 70–98 µm wide; basal segment with 2 pairs of setose setae 5–8 µm long; medial segment with a pair of setose setae 12–20 µm long and apical segment with 4 pairs of setose setae 10–12 µm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF73BBDEB39FD674148" bold="true" box="[643,752,1573,1598]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Spiracles</emphasis>
|
||
subequal in size, each peritreme about 25 Μm long and about 18 Μm wide, each sclerosis about 50 µm long; each mesothoracic spiracle with 2 quinquelocular pores, and each metathoracic spiracle with 1 pore, each 3 µm diameter, placed anterolaterally,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF73D3CEB76FB3D41F5" bold="true" box="[1026,1194,1642,1667]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tubular ducts</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFFD8FFF73DF1EB77FA9041F5" box="[1231,1287,1643,1667]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
2, with inner ductule 13–15 µm long, inner cup about 5 µm wide and outer ductule 13–15 µm long, arranged in a complete submarginal band about 5 ducts wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF73B6FEBB3FC9E41BE" bold="true" box="[593,777,1711,1736]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bilocular pores</emphasis>
|
||
oval to circular, each about 3 Μm wide; dispersed among submarginal tubular ducts.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF738F6EBCEFDF4419D" bold="true" box="[456,611,1746,1771]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ventral setae</emphasis>
|
||
of three
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFFD8FFF73BF7EBCFFC9F419D" box="[713,776,1747,1771]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">types</typeStatus>
|
||
: (i) setose setae: with 6–8 setae anterior to tentorium, each about 18 µm long; 6–8 setae in a transverse row on each abdominal segment, each about 10 µm long; 4 setae posterior to anal ring, each 10 µm long, and 4 setae just anterior to anal ring: 2 setae about 13 µm long and 2 setae about 8 µm long; (ii) tack-like setae, each 5 µm long, present medial to each spiracle; also about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFD8FFF73DDEEA27FA8D4025" box="[1248,1306,1850,1875]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
|
||
a complete submarginal row; and (iii) conical setae, each 8 µm long and 8 µm wide at base, with 2 near margin on posterior apex of body.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF73806EA63FE5D40EE" bold="true" box="[312,458,1919,1944]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Microspines</emphasis>
|
||
each about 2 µm long, present over entire body in groups of 1–8, but arranged in 2–7 transverse rows on abdominal segments.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFD8FFF73B57EABEFD4A40CD" bold="true" box="[617,733,1954,1979]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Anal ring</emphasis>
|
||
ventral, about 35 µm in diameter, circular with posterior gap, each half with 3 spinose setae about 28 µm long; without pores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7442C6FFDFFFF039A9EAA4FB6F409B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285773/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[214,1380,199,1933]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFDFFFF039A9EAA4FB6F409B" blockId="12.[151,1436,1976,2029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDFFFF039A9EAA4FE9440B8" bold="true" box="[151,259,1976,1998]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">PLATE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDFFFF03834EAA6FDD840B8" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[266,591,1976,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDFFFF03834EAA6FE2840B8" box="[266,447,1976,1999]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Kermes echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
Balachowsky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, general appearance;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDFFFF03A15EAA4FCA940B8" bold="true" box="[811,830,1976,1998]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">a.</emphasis>
|
||
second-instar female;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDFFFF03D1BEAA4FBAD40B8" bold="true" box="[1061,1082,1976,1998]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">b.</emphasis>
|
||
third-instar female;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDFFFF03C35EAA4FA8B40B8" bold="true" box="[1291,1308,1976,1998]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">c.</emphasis>
|
||
young adult female;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDFFFF039D7EACBFF6A409B" bold="true" box="[233,253,2007,2029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">d.</emphasis>
|
||
gravid female;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDFFFF038A3EACBFE39409B" bold="true" box="[413,430,2007,2029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">e.</emphasis>
|
||
post-reproductive female;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDFFFF03BFEEACBFD58409B" bold="true" box="[704,719,2007,2029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">f.</emphasis>
|
||
second-instar male;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDFFFF03A9FEACBFC23409B" bold="true" box="[929,948,2007,2029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">g.</emphasis>
|
||
prepupa;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDFFFF03D27EACBFBBA409B" bold="true" box="[1049,1069,2007,2029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">h.</emphasis>
|
||
pupa;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDFFFF03D4CEACBFB17409B" bold="true" box="[1138,1152,2007,2029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">i.</emphasis>
|
||
adult male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7442C6FFDEFFF139A9E897FCBD42D7" box="[151,810,1419,1441]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFDEFFF139A9E897FCBD42D7" blockId="13.[151,810,1419,1441]" box="[151,810,1419,1441]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDEFFF139A9E897FE8542D7" bold="true" box="[151,274,1419,1441]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDEFFF13827E890FDCA42D7" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[281,605,1419,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDEFFF13827E890FE5942D7" box="[281,462,1419,1441]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Kermes echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
Balachowsky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, third-instar female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFDEFFF139F9E8D4FCDE41AB" blockId="13.[151,1436,1480,2009]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDEFFF139F9E8D4FED84297" bold="true" box="[199,335,1480,1505]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
The third-instar female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDEFFF13B41E8D5FC9C4297" box="[639,779,1480,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDEFFF13B41E8D5FC9C4297" box="[639,779,1480,1505]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDEFFF13D06E8D5FB714297" box="[1080,1254,1480,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDEFFF13D06E8D5FB714297" box="[1080,1254,1480,1505]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDEFFF13C23E8D5FA0C4297" box="[1309,1435,1480,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDEFFF13C23E8D5FA0C4297" box="[1309,1435,1480,1505]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a species not found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFFDEFFF1389BE8F0FE704173" box="[421,487,1516,1541]" name="Israel" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
), all three sharing the following traits (characters for
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDEFFF13D70E8F2FAD04173" box="[1102,1351,1516,1541]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDEFFF13D70E8F2FB2D4172" box="[1102,1210,1517,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">K. greeni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDEFFF13DF6E8F2FAD04173" box="[1224,1351,1516,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">K. nahalali</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDEFFF13CBCE8F2FE9D415F" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDEFFF13CBCE8F2FE9D415F" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in brackets): (i) marginal setae conical (non-conical or spinose) (ii) leg segmentation reduced (fullydeveloped); (iii) anal ring ventral (dorsal); and (iv) sclerotized anal lobes absent (present). The third-instar female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDEFFF13989EB46FED24107" box="[183,325,1624,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDEFFF13989EB46FED24107" box="[183,325,1624,1649]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDEFFF13B76EB46FD6F4107" box="[584,760,1624,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDEFFF13B76EB46FD6F4107" box="[584,760,1624,1649]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having (characters for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDEFFF13D1CEB46FB454107" box="[1058,1234,1624,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDEFFF13D1CEB46FB454107" box="[1058,1234,1624,1649]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in brackets) onesegmented antennae (five or six-segmented), and one-segmented legs without a claw (three-segmented legs with a claw); and can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDEFFF13B01EBBEFD2941CF" box="[575,702,1696,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDEFFF13B01EBBEFD2941CF" box="[575,702,1696,1721]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having (characters for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDEFFF13ADFEBBEFBC841CF" box="[993,1119,1696,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDEFFF13ADFEBBEFBC841CF" box="[993,1119,1696,1721]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in brackets) one-segmented antennae (three-segmented) and dorsal tubular ducts (absent).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFDEFFF139F9EBF4FAD8401B" blockId="13.[151,1436,1480,2009]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDEFFF139F9EBF4FE554077" bold="true" box="[199,450,1768,1793]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Second-instar female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFFDEFFF138ECEBF4FD814077" box="[466,534,1768,1793]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1519,1541]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, second-instar female." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFFDEFFF13B1DEBF4FDE74077" box="[547,624,1768,1793]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="12.[151,234,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[214,1380,199,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[206,1384,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="PLATE 1. Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, general appearance; a. second-instar female; b. third-instar female; c. young adult female; d. gravid female; e. post-reproductive female; f. second-instar male; g. prepupa; h. pupa; i. adult male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285773/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Plate 1</figureCitation>
|
||
, fig. a).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDEFFF13BF1EBF4FC5F4077" bold="true" box="[719,968,1768,1793]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">General appearance.</emphasis>
|
||
Body oval, tapering posteriorly,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFDEFFF13C04EBF4FF544052" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.075" metricValueMax="1.45" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="1.075" valueMax="1.45" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1.45 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFDEFFF13837EA11FE074052" box="[265,400,1805,1829]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; dorsum and venter orange-red; dorsum covered with a thin layer of wax, composed of 5 longitudinal rows of rectangular wax plates, each plate about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFDEFFF13A67EA2DFC39403E" box="[857,942,1841,1865]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFDEFFF13D22EA2DFBE5403E" box="[1052,1138,1841,1865]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; median row with 10 plates, mediolateral rows with 9–11 plates and marginal rows with 7–12 plates. Wax plates largest medially.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFDEFFF139F9EA64FF7140AF" blockId="13.[151,1436,1480,2009]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDEFFF139F9EA64FE2640E7" bold="true" box="[199,433,1912,1937]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Mounted specimen.</emphasis>
|
||
Body oval,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFDEFFF13B03EA65FD5140E6" box="[573,710,1913,1937]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFDEFFF13A30EA65FC0040E6" box="[782,919,1913,1937]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDEFFF13ADAEA64FA9740E7" bold="true" box="[996,1280,1912,1937]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Margin. Marginal setae</emphasis>
|
||
conical, each 10–13 µm long, 5–8 µm wide at base, in a complete single row of 30–33 on each side. Dorsal submarginal setae absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFDDFFF239F9ED8BFCEC4636" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,320]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDDFFF239F9ED8BFEE347C6" bold="true" box="[199,372,151,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dorsum. Setae</emphasis>
|
||
conical, each about 8 µm long and about 5 µm wide at base, shorter than marginal setae, placed in submedial longitudinal rows, extending from cephalic apex to mid-abdomen, with 5 setae in each row.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDDFFF239A9EDC3FE17478E" bold="true" box="[151,384,223,248]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Microtubular ducts</emphasis>
|
||
with a circular opening about 3 Μm diameter, inner ductule about 1 Μm long and outer ductule 0.5 Μm long; in 4 longitudinal rows, each submarginal row complete, with about 7 pores, and each median row with about 6 pores extending from level of labium to level of anal ring.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7442C6FFDDFFF239A9E8F3FCD64173" box="[151,833,1519,1542]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFDDFFF239A9E8F3FCD64173" blockId="14.[151,833,1519,1542]" box="[151,833,1519,1542]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDDFFF239A9E8F3FE854173" bold="true" box="[151,274,1519,1541]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDDFFF23827E8EDFDCA4173" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[281,605,1519,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDDFFF23827E8EDFE594173" box="[281,462,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Kermes echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
Balachowsky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, second-instar female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFDDFFF339F9EB30FB2F46F1" blockId="14.[151,1436,1580,2038]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,151,2013]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDDFFF239F9EB30FECC4133" bold="true" box="[199,347,1580,1605]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Venter. Eyes</emphasis>
|
||
circular, 15 µm wide, placed laterally to each scape near body margin.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDDFFF23DB2EB30FB684133" bold="true" box="[1164,1279,1580,1605]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
1 segmented, 30–50 µm long, 10–20 µm wide; with 3 setae on basal part of each antenna, each 5 µm long, plus 6 setae on apex, each 10–13 µm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDDFFF238ABEB69FE5A41F8" bold="true" box="[405,461,1653,1678]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
reduced to 1 segment, 25–40 µm long; with 3 short setae on basal part of each leg.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDDFFF239A9EB85FE8241C4" bold="true" box="[151,277,1689,1714]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tentorium</emphasis>
|
||
125–130 µm long, 112–125 µm wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDDFFF23BF2EB85FCBC41C4" bold="true" box="[716,811,1689,1714]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Labium</emphasis>
|
||
3 segmented, triangular, 100 µm long, 50–85 µm wide; labial setae: basal segment with 2 pairs of setose setae about 5 µm long; median segment with a pair of setose setae 17–35 µm long, and apical segment with 4 pairs of setose setae 8 µm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDDFFF23D1DEBFDFB07418C" bold="true" box="[1059,1168,1761,1786]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Spiracles</emphasis>
|
||
subequal in size, each peritreme 7–13 Μm wide and sclerosis 28–32 µm long; each spiracle with 1 or 2 quinquelocular pores, 3 µm diameter, placed anterolaterally.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDDFFF23B3BEA35FD394034" bold="true" box="[517,686,1833,1858]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tubular ducts</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFFDDFFF23BEAEA36FC9B4034" box="[724,780,1834,1858]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
2, each with an inner ductule 10–15 µm long, inner cup 5 µm wide and outer ductule 10–15 µm long; arranged in a complete marginal band about 3 ducts wide and also sparsely over entire venter.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDDFFF238EAEA6DFD1A40FC" bold="true" box="[468,653,1905,1930]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bilocular pores</emphasis>
|
||
oval, each 7 µm long, 5 µm wide, in a line among the submarginal band of tubular ducts.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDDFFF238AFEA89FE4640D8" bold="true" box="[401,465,1941,1966]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Setae</emphasis>
|
||
of three
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFFDDFFF23B0AEA8AFDE440D8" box="[564,627,1942,1966]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">types</typeStatus>
|
||
: (i) conical setae, each 7 µm long, 5 µm wide at base, similar in shape to marginal setae, with 2 submarginally on anterior apex of body; (ii) setose setae: with 6 medially, just anterior to level of tentorium, each 38 µm long; also in medial and submedial longitudinal rows of 6 setae on abdominal segments, setae in medial rows about 15 µm long and those in submedial rows about 7 µm long; also with 4 setae placed anterior to anal ring: 2 about 15 µm long and 2 about 45 µm long; also 2 setae posterior to anal ring, each about 17 µm long; and posterior to anal ring: 2 setose setae about 50 µm long, and 2 conical setae, similar to marginal setae, each about 10 µm long, 5 µm wide at base; and (iii) tack-like setae, each 10 µm long, with about 15 setae on each side in a complete submarginal row.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33BECEC3BFCFC4636" bold="true" box="[722,875,295,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Microspines,</emphasis>
|
||
each about 3 µm long, arranged in groups of 1 or
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFDCFFF339A9EC50FF554613" box="[151,194,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
4 or 5 transverse rows on each abdominal segment and scattered on thorax.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33D26EC50FB1D4613" bold="true" box="[1048,1162,332,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Anal ring</emphasis>
|
||
ventral, diameter 27–30 µm, composed of 2 semi-circles, each half with 3 spinose setae 20–28 µm long and 4–7 pores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFDCFFF339F9EC88FAD8444E" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF339F9EC88FED846DB" bold="true" box="[199,335,404,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Among the Palaearctic species, the only other described second-instar females are of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF33C22EC89FEC846A6" authority="Sternlicht, 1969" authorityName="Sternlicht" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bytinskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33C22EC89FA0B46DB" box="[1308,1436,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. bytinskii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFFDCFFF339A0ECABFECF46A6" author="Sternlicht" box="[158,344,439,464]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Sternlicht, M. (1969) Kermes bytinskii n. spec. (Coccoidea: Kermesidae) in Israel and observations of life history. Israel Journal of Entomology, 4, 251 - 270." type="journal article" year="1969">Sternlicht, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF33853ECA5FD5046A6" authority="Sternlicht, 1970" authorityName="Sternlicht" authorityYear="1970" box="[365,711,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33853ECA5FE6146A6" box="[365,502,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. williamsi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFFDCFFF33B38ECABFD2846A6" author="Sternlicht" box="[518,703,439,464]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Sternlicht, M. (1970) A new species of Kermes Boitard (Coccoidea, Kermesidae) from England on oak. Entomologist's Gazette, 23, 259 - 266." type="journal article" year="1970">Sternlicht, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF33BEAECA5FB8846A6" authority="Podsiadlo, 2012" authorityName="Podsiadlo" authorityYear="2012" box="[724,1055,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33BEAECA5FCD946A6" box="[724,846,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. quercus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFFDCFFF33A60ECABFB8046A6" author="Podsiadlo" box="[862,1047,439,464]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Podsiadlo, E. (2012) Morphology of second instar nymphs of Kermes quercus (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Kermesidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 81, 35 - 42. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2478 / v 10200 - 011 - 0061 - 9" type="journal article" year="2012">Podsiadlo, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF33D66ECA5FF4B4682" authority="Pellizzari et al., 2012" authorityName="Pellizzari et al." authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33D66ECA5FB4046A6" box="[1112,1239,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFFDCFFF33DD6ECABFF434682" author="Pellizzari" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Pellizzari, G., Porcelli, F., Convertini, S. & Marotta, S. (2012) Description of nymphal instars and adult female of Kermes vermilio Planchon (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Kermesidae), with a synopsis of the European and Mediterranean species. Zootaxa, 3336, 36 - 50." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Pellizzari
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33C62ECA5FA0246A6" box="[1372,1429,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFFDCFFF3380AECC0FEED4683" box="[308,378,476,501]" name="Israel" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Israeli</collectingCountry>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF338DEECC1FDFA4683" box="[480,621,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF338DEECC1FDFA4683" box="[480,621,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
most closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF33A40ECC1FBBB4683" box="[894,1068,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33A40ECC1FBBB4683" box="[894,1068,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but is also similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF33C20ECC1FA0B4683" box="[1310,1436,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33C20ECC1FA0B4683" box="[1310,1436,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(not found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFFDCFFF33800ECE3FEE9456E" box="[318,382,511,536]" name="Israel" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
) in having conical marginal setae and reduced antennae and leg segments. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF33CBCEF1DFE94454B" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33CBCEF1DFE94454B" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has one-segmented antennae and one-segmented legs whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF33AE1EF39FB07454B" box="[991,1168,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33AE1EF39FB07454B" box="[991,1168,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 5- or 6-segmented antennae and 3-segmented legs; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF33B07EF55FD514516" box="[569,710,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33B07EF55FD514516" box="[569,710,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks the membranous frontal lobes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF33DB5EF55FA9D4516" box="[1163,1290,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33DB5EF55FA9D4516" box="[1163,1290,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, tubular ducts are present on both the venter and dorsum in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF33A17EF71FC2245F3" box="[809,949,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33A17EF71FC2245F3" box="[809,949,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33AD5EF71FB3745F3" box="[1003,1184,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF33AD5EF71FB0B45F3" box="[1003,1180,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">K. hermonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
whereas they are only found on the venter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF338ACEF8DFD9845DE" box="[402,527,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF338ACEF8DFD9845DE" box="[402,527,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF33B72EF8DFD4F45DE" box="[588,728,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33B72EF8DFD4F45DE" box="[588,728,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has two longitudinal rows of conical setae on the dorsum while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF339A9EFA9FE8245BB" box="[151,277,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF339A9EFA9FE8245BB" box="[151,277,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has one transverse row of setae on dorsum. Other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF33A6BEFA9FC3D45BA" box="[853,938,693,716]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33A6BEFA9FC3D45BA" box="[853,938,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Kermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFFDCFFF33D38EFA8FBD345BB" box="[1030,1092,692,717]" name="Israel" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
have different marginal setae:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF339A9EFC5FE814586" box="[151,278,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF339A9EFC5FE814586" box="[151,278,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. nahalali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF33871EFC5FE2F4586" box="[335,440,729,752]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33871EFC5FE2F4586" box="[335,440,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. greeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have robust setose setae and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF33A37EFC5FC094586" box="[777,926,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33A37EFC5FC094586" box="[777,926,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have spatulate setae. These three species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF33CBCEFC5FF4A4462" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33CBCEFC5FF4A4462" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. greeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF339D5EFE1FEFF4463" box="[235,360,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF339D5EFE1FEFF4463" box="[235,360,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. nahalali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF338A3EFE1FDA74463" box="[413,560,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF338A3EFE1FDA74463" box="[413,560,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also have six-segmented antennae and well-developed legs, as in the Nearctic species
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF339D1EE3DFDA5444E" box="[239,562,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF339D1EE3DFEE8444E" box="[239,383,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockerelli">K. cockerelli</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF338B5EE3DFDA5444E" box="[395,562,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinnulus">K. concinnulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF33B7FEE03FC8E444E" box="[577,793,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Nanokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iselini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33B7FEE03FC8E444E" box="[577,793,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nanokermes iselini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFDCFFF33A70EE03FADC444E" authority="Baer & Kosztarab, 1985" authorityName="Baer & Kosztarab" authorityYear="1985" box="[846,1355,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Olliffiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33A70EE03FB89444E" box="[846,1054,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Olliffiella secunda</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFFDCFFF33D13EE3CFAD5444E" author="Baer" box="[1069,1346,799,824]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Baer, R. G. & Kosztarab, M. (1985) Studies on the morphology and systematics of scale insects-No. 12. II. A morphological and systematic study of the first and second instars of the family Kermesidae in the Nearctic region (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and University Research Division, 85, 119 - 261." type="journal article" year="1985">Baer & Kosztarab, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFDCFFF339F9EE58FA1E44F6" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF339F9EE58FE27442B" bold="true" box="[199,432,836,861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">First-instar nymph</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFFDCFFF338FAEE58FD9B442A" box="[452,524,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1366,1388]" captionText="FIGURE 4. Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, first-instar nymph." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33B16EE58FCB1442B" bold="true" box="[552,806,836,861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">General appearance.</emphasis>
|
||
Body oval, tapering posteriorly,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFDCFFF33D91EE58FAC0442A" box="[1199,1367,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.405" valueMax="0.44" valueMin="0.37">0.37–0.44 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFDCFFF339A9EE74FEBB4409" box="[151,300,872,896]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.17" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.14">0.14–0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; dorsum and venter red; settled first-instar nymph with a fringe of curly, white-wax filaments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFDCFFF339F9EE90FB504366" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF339F9EE90FE3F44D3" bold="true" box="[199,424,908,933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mounted specimen</emphasis>
|
||
. Body oval,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFDCFFF33B08EE90FD4E44D2" box="[566,729,908,933]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699999999999999" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.47" valueMax="0.49" valueMin="0.45">0.45–0.49 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFDCFFF33A20EE90FC2444D2" box="[798,947,908,933]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.225" valueMax="0.25" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33AC2EE90FBC144D3" bold="true" box="[1020,1110,908,933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Margin</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33D5AEE90FA8144D3" bold="true" box="[1124,1302,908,933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Marginal setae</emphasis>
|
||
conical and slightly curved apically, in 1 to 2 rows; 1 complete row of larger setae, each seta 10–13 Μm long, 5 Μm wide at base, with 17–22 on each side; plus second row of smaller setae, each lying between larger setae, extending from mesothorax to anal lobe, each seta 5–8 Μm long, 3–5 Μm wide at base, with 13–16 on each side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFDCFFF339F9E900FA1A430B" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF339F9E900FEB94343" bold="true" box="[199,302,1052,1077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dorsum.</emphasis>
|
||
Derm membranous, inter-segmental lines observable.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33AAEE900FBB64343" bold="true" box="[912,1057,1052,1077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dorsal setae</emphasis>
|
||
setose, with 8 setae in submedian longitudinal rows on thorax, each 6–8 Μm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33B8DE923FC0B432E" bold="true" box="[691,924,1087,1112]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Microtubular ducts</emphasis>
|
||
with a circular opening about 1 Μm diameter, inner ductule about 1 Μm long and outer ductule 0.5 Μm long, with about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFDCFFF33AF2E979FC60430B" box="[972,1015,1124,1149]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
|
||
each submarginal row on abdomen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFDCFFF339F9E99BFA1840AB" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF339F9E99BFECD43D6" bold="true" box="[199,346,1159,1184]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Venter. Eyes</emphasis>
|
||
circular, close to margin, each 10–12 Μm wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33A51E99BFC7543D6" bold="true" box="[879,994,1159,1184]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
6 segmented; total length 102–110 Μm; segment III longer than other segments; setal distribution as follows: scape and pedicel, each with 2 setose setae; segment III with 1 setose seta; IV with 1 fleshy seta; V with 1 fleshy seta and 2 setose setae; apical segment with 2 fleshy setae and 5 setose setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33B33E9E8FDD2427B" bold="true" box="[525,581,1268,1293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
well-developed; measurements (in Μm) of metathoracic leg: coxa 25–30, trochanter + femur 68–70, tibia 33–38, tarsus 45–50, claw 15–20; total leg length 187–200 Μm; trochanter with 2 oval sensory pores on each side; setae present on all leg segments; tarsal digitules knobbed apically, each 25–30 Μm long, extending beyond apex of claw; claw digitules knobbed apically, each 15–20 Μm long; each claw with a single denticle near tip.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33899E898FDB242EB" bold="true" box="[423,549,1412,1437]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tentorium</emphasis>
|
||
73–76 Μm long, 63–75 Μm wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33A94E898FB9E42EB" bold="true" box="[938,1033,1412,1437]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Labium</emphasis>
|
||
3 segmented, triangular, 75–83 Μm long, 45–47 Μm wide; labial setae as follows: basal segment with 2 pairs of setose setae 5–8 Μm long; median segment with 1 pair of setose setae on dorsal surface 12–13 Μm long; apical segment with 4 pairs of setose setae 16–20 Μm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33871E8F3FE2B417E" bold="true" box="[335,444,1519,1544]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Spiracles</emphasis>
|
||
subequal in size, each peritreme 3–5 Μm wide; each with apodeme crescent-shaped, 13– 15 Μm long; each spiracle with 1 quinquelocular pore, 5 Μm diameter, placed anterolaterally.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33DEFEB08FA02415B" bold="true" box="[1233,1429,1556,1581]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Trilocular pores</emphasis>
|
||
, each about 3 Μm wide, distributed as follows: a pair between scapes just anterior to tentorium; 1 mesad to each coxa; also pairs submedially on abdominal segments V–VII.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33A6DEB40FB9B4103" bold="true" box="[851,1036,1628,1653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bilocular pores</emphasis>
|
||
oval, each 3 Μm long, 2 Μm wide; with 1 pore present between margin and each spiracle.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33A22EB63FC2C41EE" bold="true" box="[796,955,1663,1688]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ventral setae</emphasis>
|
||
of two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFFDCFFF33D22EB9CFBCC41EE" box="[1052,1115,1664,1688]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">types</typeStatus>
|
||
: (i) conical setae: a pair on anterior apex of head, each 14–16 Μm long and 5 Μm wide at base; and (ii) setose setae: 6 inter-antennal setae in a longitudinal line medially between scapes, each 38–45 Μm long; also 1 seta, 10–11 Μm long, mesad to each coxa and associated with a trilocular pore; abdominal segments with medial, submedial and submarginal lines of setae, with 1 setae per line per segment; setae in medial and submedial rows each 10–15 Μm long, and submarginal setae each 5–6 Μm long. Also with a pair anterior to anal ring 15–18 Μm long, and a pair latero-posteriorly to anal ring 15–20 Μm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33865EA4BFE644006" bold="true" box="[347,499,1879,1904]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Microspines,</emphasis>
|
||
each about 3 Μm long, arranged in 3 or 4 groups in 2 transverse rows on each abdominal segment and sparsely on thorax.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33BAEEA60FC9240E3" bold="true" box="[656,773,1916,1941]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Anal ring</emphasis>
|
||
ventral, composed of 2 semi-circles, diameter 20–25 Μm, each half with 4–6 pores and 3 spinose setae, each 13–18 Μm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFDCFFF33ABBEABCFB9440CF" bold="true" box="[901,1027,1952,1977]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Anal lobes</emphasis>
|
||
slightly developed; apical margin of each lobe with 1 spinose seta, 10–13 Μm long, 2 or 3 Μm wide, and 1 very long, flagellate seta, 220–275 Μm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7442C6FFC3FFEC39A9E84AFCB2421A" box="[151,805,1366,1389]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC3FFEC39A9E84AFCB2421A" blockId="16.[151,805,1366,1389]" box="[151,805,1366,1389]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC3FFEC39A9E84AFE85421A" bold="true" box="[151,274,1366,1388]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC3FFEC3827E844FDCA421A" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[281,605,1366,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC3FFEC3827E844FE59421A" box="[281,462,1366,1389]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Kermes echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
Balachowsky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, first-instar nymph.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC3FFEC39F9E884FE4A406E" blockId="16.[151,1436,1432,2033]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC3FFEC39F9E884FED842C7" bold="true" box="[199,335,1432,1457]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC3FFEC3864E885FDB142C7" box="[346,550,1432,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC3FFEC3864E885FDB142C7" box="[346,550,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Kermes echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFFC3FFEC3A04E884FBB142C7" author="Balachowsky" box="[826,1062,1432,1457]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Balachowsky, A. S. (1953) Sur les Kermes Boitard (Hom: Coccoidea) des Chenes du Bassin Oriental de la Mediterranee. France. Revue de Pathologie Vegetale et d'Entomologie Agricole de France, 32, 181 - 189." type="journal article" year="1953">Balachowsky (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on the first-instar nymph from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFFC3FFEC39E9E8A0FE8E42A3" box="[215,281,1468,1493]" name="Israel" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Balachowsky suggested that this species was similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC3FFEC3A94E8A1FBBC42A3" box="[938,1067,1468,1493]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC3FFEC3A94E8A1FBBC42A3" box="[938,1067,1468,1493]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a Mediterranean and European species, not known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFFC3FFEC388FE8FCFE64428F" box="[433,499,1504,1529]" name="Israel" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The first-instar nymphs of both species are bright red and possess conical marginal and dorsal setae. The morphological characters that distinguish them were discussed in Spodek & Ben-Dov (2012). The first-instar nymph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC3FFEC38FBEB35FDE14137" box="[453,630,1576,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC3FFEC38FBEB35FDE14137" box="[453,630,1576,1601]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described as new in this paper, is also red and possesses dorsal and marginal conical setae similar to those on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC3FFEC3B57EB51FD624113" box="[617,757,1612,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC3FFEC3B57EB51FD624113" box="[617,757,1612,1637]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC3FFEC3A14EB51FC304113" box="[810,935,1612,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC3FFEC3A14EB51FC304113" box="[810,935,1612,1637]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC3FFEC3D19EB51FB254113" box="[1063,1202,1612,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC3FFEC3D19EB51FB254113" box="[1063,1202,1612,1637]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from the two other species by the presence of only one quinquelocular pore associated with each spiracle and the absence of dorsal bilocular pores.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC3FFEC3B7FEB89FCA441DB" box="[577,819,1684,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC3FFEC3B7FEB89FCA441DB" box="[577,819,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Kermes hermonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has two quinquelocular pores associated with the prothoracic spiracles, usually with one pore larger than the other, whilst
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC3FFEC3AE9EBA5FBC141A7" box="[983,1110,1720,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC3FFEC3AE9EBA5FBC141A7" box="[983,1110,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has usually one, rarely two, locular-pores, each with 5–8 loculi associated with each spiracle and several dorsal bilocular pores (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFFC3FFEC3DC0EBC0FF44406F" author="Balachowsky" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Balachowsky, A. S. (1950) Les Kermes (Hom, Coccoidea) des chenes en Europe et dans le basin Mediterranean. Proceedings of the International Congress of Entomology, 8, 739 - 754." type="journal article" year="1950">Balachowsky, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFFC3FFEC39E3EA1CFE46406E" author="Pellizzari" box="[221,465,1792,1817]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Pellizzari, G., Porcelli, F., Convertini, S. & Marotta, S. (2012) Description of nymphal instars and adult female of Kermes vermilio Planchon (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Kermesidae), with a synopsis of the European and Mediterranean species. Zootaxa, 3336, 36 - 50." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Pellizzari
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC3FFEC3870EA1DFEE8406F" box="[334,383,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC3FFEC39F9EA38FE244087" blockId="16.[151,1436,1432,2033]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC3FFEC39F9EA38FED8404B" bold="true" box="[199,335,1828,1853]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Adult male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFFC3FFEC385FEA38FE3F404B" box="[353,424,1828,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[177,1421,199,1946]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[170,1429,193,1953]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 5. Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, adult male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285774/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFFC3FFEC3886EA38FD9F404A" box="[440,520,1828,1853]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="12.[151,234,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[214,1380,199,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[206,1384,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="PLATE 1. Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, general appearance; a. second-instar female; b. third-instar female; c. young adult female; d. gravid female; e. post-reproductive female; f. second-instar male; g. prepupa; h. pupa; i. adult male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285773/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Plate 1</figureCitation>
|
||
, fig. i).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC3FFEC3B54EA38FCC8404B" bold="true" box="[618,863,1828,1853]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">General appearance</emphasis>
|
||
Newly emerged males alate, elongate and widest across mesothorax; body red, 1.5–2.0 mm long from head apex to apical tip of penial sheath; fore-wings
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFC3FFEC3C76EA54FF5440F2" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFC3FFEC3834EA70FE3A40F2" box="[266,429,1900,1925]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.75" valueMin="0.45">0.45–0.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; radial wing vein red; with 5 pairs of simple eyes; body with rather few setae fleshy setae (fs) few and hard to separate from hs; pores absent apart from in glandular pouches; hamulohalteres present; abdomen slender, glandular pouches present, extruding white, waxy caudal filaments, 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFC3FFEC3D8FEAA8FA9E40BA" box="[1201,1289,1972,1997]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; penial sheath longer than broad.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7442C6FFC2FFED39A9EAA8FD4E40BC" box="[151,729,1972,1994]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285774/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" targetBox="[177,1421,199,1946]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC2FFED39A9EAA8FD4E40BC" blockId="17.[151,729,1972,1994]" box="[151,729,1972,1994]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC2FFED39A9EAA8FE8540BC" bold="true" box="[151,274,1972,1994]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC2FFED3827EAA9FDCA40BC" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[281,605,1972,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC2FFED3827EAA9FE5940BC" box="[281,462,1972,1994]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Kermes echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
Balachowsky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC1FFEE39F9ED8BFB2A47D9" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2008]" box="[199,1213,151,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC1FFEE39F9ED8BFE2747C6" bold="true" box="[199,432,151,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mounted specimen.</emphasis>
|
||
Total length 1.5–2.0 mm long, width across mesothorax
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFC1FFEE3D11ED8BFB2E47D9" box="[1071,1209,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC1FFEE39F9EDA0FD0B45BB" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2008]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC1FFEE39F9EDA0FE9A47A3" bold="true" box="[199,269,188,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Broadly oval in dorsal view; distinctly separated from thorax by a cervical groove or constriction. Length from head apex to pronotal ridge (prnr) 275–300 µm long; width across genae 275–315 µm. Median crest not reticulated. Postoccipital ridge (por) heavily sclerotized, with anterior arm longer than posterior arm. Midcranial ridge (mcr) with well-developed lateral branches to each antenna; dorsal arm absent. Ocular sclerites (ocs) sclerotized, not reticulated, with 5 pairs of simple eyes and one pair of ocelli (o); dorsal (dse) and ventral simple eyes (vse) largest, each 45–50 µm diameter; 3 pairs of lateral simple eyes (lse), each 35 µm in diameter; ocellus 13–18 µm diameter. Dorsal head setae (dhs) in a longitudinal row on either side of median crest, with 4 or 5 hs in each row. Ventral head setae (vhs) in a transverse row anterior to ventral simple eyes, total 8–10 hs. Genae (g) unsclerotized, not reticulated and without setae. Preoral ridge (pror) well-developed. Anterior tentorial pits and head pores absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC1FFEE3855ECE3FE70456E" bold="true" box="[363,487,511,536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Antennae:</emphasis>
|
||
filiform, 10 segmented, length 1000–1050 µm (ratio of total body length to antennal length about 1:0.58). Scape (scp) 43–50 µm long, 55–63 µm wide, with 2 or 3 hair-like setae (hs). Pedicel (ped) 50–63 µm long, 40–50 µm wide, with 5–8 hs. Flagellar segments
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFC1FFEE3A4BEF54FC414516" box="[885,982,583,608]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1993-03" valueMax="1993-10-31" valueMin="1993-03-00">III–X 93</date>
|
||
–165 µm long, 20–25 µm wide; segment III longest, segments becoming shorter towards the apex; approximate number of setae per segment (note: fs and hs hard to differentiate):
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFC1FFEE38B9EF8CFDB145DE" box="[391,550,655,680]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1915-03-23" valueMax="1915-07-23" valueMin="1915-03-23">III–VII 15–23</date>
|
||
fs;
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFC1FFEE3B6CEF8CFD5945DE" box="[594,718,655,680]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2011-08-15">VIII 11–15</date>
|
||
fs;
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFC1FFEE3BC4EF8CFCF245DE" box="[762,869,655,680]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1914-09-16">IX 14–16</date>
|
||
fs + 1 antennal bristles (ab);
|
||
<date id="FFB5348EFFC1FFEE3D8CEF8CFA8345DE" box="[1202,1300,656,680]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2010-10-14">X 10–14</date>
|
||
fs + 2–4 ab +4 capitate setae (cs), each cs 30–40 µm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC1FFEE39F9EFCBFCB44429" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2008]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC1FFEE39F9EFCBFE254586" bold="true" box="[199,434,727,752]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thorax. Prothorax:</emphasis>
|
||
pronotal ridge (prnr) sclerotized but not fused medially. Pronotal sclerites (prn) present; without lateral or medial pronotal setae. Proepisternum + cercival sclerite (pepcv) well-developed and connected anteriorly to the postocular ridge (pocr). Sternum (stn1) membranous with a transverse sternal ridge; median ridge absent. Sternal, prosternal and anteprosternal setae absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC1FFEE39F9EE76FE6C426B" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2008]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC1FFEE39F9EE76FEC844F5" bold="true" box="[199,351,874,899]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mesothorax:</emphasis>
|
||
prescutum (prsc) rectangular with a median groove, 70–75 µm long, 150–165 µm wide; not reticulated; with lateral prescutal ridges (pscr) and with a posterior prescutal suture. Scutum (sct) sclerotized, median membranous area 60–65 µm long, with lateral sclerotized margins, without setae. Prescutal and scutal setae absent. Prealare (pra) and triangular plate (tp) present. Scutellum (scl) 60–65 µm long, 145–150 µm wide; without a foramen but with strong scutellar ridges (sclr); marginal fold of notum (rd) present posteriorly; with 2 hs, each 12–15 µm long. Basisternum (stn2) 158–200 µm long, 250–270 µm wide; without a median ridge, but marginal ridge (mr) well developed with a strong precoxal ridge (pcr2); basisternal setae absent. Furca (f) well-developed and sclerotized, arms divergent and extending about halfway to marginal ridge (mr) anteriorly. Lateropleurite (lpl) wide, with a strong extension from marginal ridge anteriorly. Mesopostnotum (pn2) not reticulated; with a welldeveloped postnatal apophysis (pna). Mesepisternum (eps2) not reticulated; sub-episternal ridge (ser) well developed. Mesothoracic spiracles (sp2): peritreme 10–15 µm wide, without loculate pores. Tegula (teg) distinct, with 3–5 hs tegular setae (tegs).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC1FFEE39F9E834FF714176" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2008]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC1FFEE39F9E834FEC94237" bold="true" box="[199,350,1320,1345]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Metathorax:</emphasis>
|
||
metapostnotum, metatergal setae and dorso-spiracular setae not detected. Ventrally with a pair of transverse sclerotized precoxal ridges (pcr3) not connected to pleural ridge (plr3). Sternal apophyses (stn3a) present. Metathoracic spiracles (sp3): peritreme 10–15 µm wide; without loculate pores. Microspines 1–2 µm long, singly or in groups up to three, in about 10 transverse rows on venter. Metapleural ridges (plr3) well developed, extending anteriorly to hamulohalteres. Metepimeron (epm3) sclerotised, but without setae. Metasternal setae absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC1FFEE39F9EB10FCC6411B" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2008]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC1FFEE39F9EB10FE8C4153" bold="true" box="[199,283,1548,1573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Wings:</emphasis>
|
||
hyaline, 1200–1500 µm long, 450–475 µm wide (ratio of length to width 1:0.38; ratio of total body length to wing length 1:0.7); alar lobe (al) well-developed; alar setae absent. Hamulohalteres (h) 113–125 µm wide, 28–40 µm long, with a single apical hamulus, 55–65 µm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC1FFEE39F9EB6BFB1140F9" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2008]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC1FFEE39F9EB6BFE9F41E6" bold="true" box="[199,264,1655,1680]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Legs:</emphasis>
|
||
metathoracic legs longest, 763–836 µm long; prothoracic and mesothoracic legs 768–810 µm long. Coxa: I: 88–100; II: 107–110; III: 110–115 µm long, with 12–15 hs. Trochanter: I: 50–52; II: 50–63; III: 60–63 µm long, with about 8 hs; each trochanter with 3 oval sensory pores in a triangle on each surface. Femur: I: 225–230; II: 205–213; III: 210–218 µm long, with 27–30 hs. Tibia: I: 275–287; II: 275–280; III: 280–300 µm long, with 53– 56 hs; all tibia with 2 apical spurs (tibs) 20–25 µm long. Tarsi 2-segmented; tarsus I ring-like, tarsus 2 (tar2): I: 100– 113; II: 100–110; III: 100–110 µm long, with 20–30 hs; tarsal digitules (tdgt) setose and knobbed apically, not extending beyond claw, each about 40 µm long. Claw (cl) with a denticle: I: 25–28; II: 26–28; III: 25–30 µm long; claw digitules (cdt) knobbed apically, not extending beyond claw, each about 30 µm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC1FFEF39F9EA86FAE74683" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2008]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1436,151,789]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC1FFEE39F9EA86FED240C5" bold="true" box="[199,325,1946,1971]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Abdomen:</emphasis>
|
||
Tergites and pleural areas not sclerotized; sternites (as) sclerotized on segments IV–VIII; caudal extension of segment VII absent. Loculate pores absent on segments I–VII. Dorsopleural setae (adps) (each side) 20–25 µm long: segments I–VII: 2 hs, segment VIII: 3 hs, one 75–80 µm long and two 25–30 µm long; ventropleural setae (avps) (on each side) 15 µm long, on each side, on segments IV–VII: 1 hs; dorsal setae (ads) (total), 10 µm long, segments I–VII: 2 hs, segment VIII: 4 hs, 40 µm long; and ventral setae (avs), (total), 20–25 µm long, segments II–III: 2 setae, segment IV–VII: 4 setae. Caudal extension on segment VIII rounded. Glandular pouch (gp) present on segment VIII, deep, each pouch with 2 long, robust setae (gls) 150–155 µm long; each pouch with 9–18 pores, each 3 µm diameter with 3–5 loculi.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC0FFEF3BC2EC50FC194613" bold="true" box="[764,910,332,357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Microspines</emphasis>
|
||
1–2 µm long, singly or in groups of up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFC0FFEF3C4FEC50FA0B4613" box="[1393,1436,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
about 10 transverse rows on each abdominal segment on venter.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC0FFEF3A48EC73FBD446FE" bold="true" box="[886,1091,367,392]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Genital segment:</emphasis>
|
||
penial sheath (ps) sclerotized, 170–180 µm long, greatest width 110–120 µm. Anal opening not detected. Basal rod (bra) sclerotized, 40–50 µm long. Aedeagus (aed) elongate 100–120 µm long, not extending beyond penial sheath. Genital capsule with a total of 8 hs (gts) dorsally and 16–20 hs (gts) ventrally; apex of ps with a cluster of about 10 small, circular sensilla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC0FFEF39F9ECE3FC7945F3" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC0FFEF39F9ECE3FED8456E" bold="true" box="[199,335,511,536]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFFC0FFEF389AECE3FE7D456E" box="[420,490,511,536]" name="Israel" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Israeli</collectingCountry>
|
||
species, the adult male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC0FFEF3A2AEF1DFC37456E" box="[788,928,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC0FFEF3A2AEF1DFC37456E" box="[788,928,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC0FFEF3DECEF1DFAE8456E" box="[1234,1407,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC0FFEF3DECEF1DFAE8456E" box="[1234,1407,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
— both are red in life, with reddish wing veins, and lack metasteranal setae, which are present in most other species (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC0FFEF39E6EF5BFD004516" authority="Hamon et al., 1976" authorityName="Hamon et al." authorityYear="1976" box="[216,663,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Allokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kingii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC0FFEF39E6EF5BFE094516" box="[216,414,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Allokermes kingii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFFC0FFEF3890EF54FD184516" author="Hamon" box="[430,655,583,608]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Hamon, A. B., Lambdin, P. L. & Kosztarab, M. (1976) Life history and morphology of Kermes kingii in Virginia (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Kermesidae). Bulletin of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Research Division, 111, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1976">
|
||
Hamon
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC0FFEF3B34EF55FDAA4516" box="[522,573,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1976
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC0FFEF3B9DEF55FC9C4516" box="[675,779,585,608]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC0FFEF3B9DEF55FC9C4516" box="[675,779,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">K. greeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC0FFEF3A25EF55FC0D4516" box="[795,922,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC0FFEF3A25EF55FC0D4516" box="[795,922,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">K. nahalali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC0FFEF3A97EF55FAE24516" authority="Koteja & Zak-Ogaza, 1972" authorityName="Koteja & Zak-Ogaza" authorityYear="1972" box="[937,1397,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC0FFEF3A97EF55FBB44516" box="[937,1059,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">K. quercus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFFC0FFEF3D0DEF5BFAF94516" author="Koteja" box="[1075,1390,583,608]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Koteja, J. & Zak-Ogaza, B. (1972) Morphology and taxonomy of the male Kermes quercus (L.) (Homoptera, Coccoidea). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 17, 193 - 215." type="journal article" year="1972">Koteja & Zak-Ogaza, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC0FFEF3CBCEF55FE9D45F3" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC0FFEF3CBCEF55FE9D45F3" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC0FFEF387EEF71FE6245F3" box="[320,501,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Nidularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balachowskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC0FFEF387EEF71FE6245F3" box="[320,501,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">N. balachowskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). For differences with other species, see key.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC0FFEF39F9EF93FAFD4463" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC0FFEF39F9EF93FD9645DE" bold="true" box="[199,513,655,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fourth-instar male (pupa)</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFFC0FFEF3B2EEF93FDC345DE" box="[528,596,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionText="FIGURE 6. Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, pupa." pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFFC0FFEF3B5FEF93FD3945DE" box="[609,686,655,680]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="12.[151,234,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[214,1380,199,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[206,1384,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="PLATE 1. Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, general appearance; a. second-instar female; b. third-instar female; c. young adult female; d. gravid female; e. post-reproductive female; f. second-instar male; g. prepupa; h. pupa; i. adult male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285773/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Plate 1</figureCitation>
|
||
, fig. h).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC0FFEF3A30EF93FB9045DE" bold="true" box="[782,1031,655,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">General appearance.</emphasis>
|
||
Develops within a white, flocculent (wooly) wax test secreted by second-instar male; body red and elongate oval when removed from test;
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFC0FFEF3C2BEFA8FA0B45BA" box="[1301,1436,692,717]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFC0FFEF39E8EFCBFECB4599" box="[214,348,727,752]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; derm membranous with distinct inter-segmental lines on dorsum and venter; anterior wingbuds extending laterally past coxa of metathoracic legs; posterior wing-buds very short; penial lobe triangular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7442C6FFC0FFEF39A9EAA7FD3740A7" box="[151,672,1979,2001]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC0FFEF39A9EAA7FD3740A7" blockId="19.[151,672,1979,2001]" box="[151,672,1979,2001]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC0FFEF39A9EAA7FE8540A7" bold="true" box="[151,274,1979,2001]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC0FFEF3827EAA0FDCA40A7" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[281,605,1979,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC0FFEF3827EAA0FE5940A7" box="[281,462,1979,2001]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Kermes echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
Balachowsky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pupa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC7FFE839F9ED8BFDAE4636" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE839F9ED8BFE2547C6" bold="true" box="[199,434,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Mounted specimen.</emphasis>
|
||
Body
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFC7FFE83B3EED8BFD1E47D9" box="[512,649,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="1.4" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFC7FFE83BEDED8BFCCB47D9" box="[723,860,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; head 225–250 µm long, 375–400 µm wide, slightly demarcated from thorax; thorax and abdomen not clearly demarcated.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83D1FEDA0FA8E47A3" bold="true" box="[1057,1305,188,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Margin. Wing-buds:</emphasis>
|
||
fore-wings 485–550 µm long and 165–200 µm wide; hind-wings: length ratio to mesothoracic wings 1:10.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83DCAEDC3FAA3478E" bold="true" box="[1268,1332,223,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Setae</emphasis>
|
||
fine and blunt, in marginal and submarginal rows, each with 7 setae segmentally arranged, extending from abdominal segments I–VII each 12–15 µm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC7FFE839F9EC50FE88456E" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE839F9EC50FEF94613" bold="true" box="[199,366,332,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Dorsum. Eyes</emphasis>
|
||
absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE838F5EC50FDEB4613" bold="true" box="[459,636,332,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ocular sclerite</emphasis>
|
||
reticulated, 45–50 µm long, 150–158 µm wide, extending transversely from body margin to mid-body; also present on venter.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83A24EC73FCCD46FE" bold="true" box="[794,858,367,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Setae</emphasis>
|
||
setose, each 5 µm long, distributed as follows: in rows of 6 on head apex and also in complete submedial longitudinal rows, each row with about 6 setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83C21EC88FA0C46DB" bold="true" box="[1311,1435,404,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Anal lobes</emphasis>
|
||
rounded, membranous, each with 1 setose seta on apex, 55–95 Μm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83AF9ECABFB3B46A6" bold="true" box="[967,1196,439,464]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Median penial lobe</emphasis>
|
||
triangular, extending past anal lobes, slightly sclerotized, each 95–105 Μm long, 95–115 Μm wide; with 3 pairs of setose setae, each 15– 20 Μm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC7FFE839F9EF38FA1D444E" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE839F9EF38FE46454B" bold="true" box="[199,465,548,573]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Venter. Ocular sclerite</emphasis>
|
||
as dorsum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83B67EF38FD5A454B" bold="true" box="[601,717,548,573]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
10 segmented, total length 575–675 µm, width 50–65 µm; setae absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE839D2EF5BFECE4516" bold="true" box="[236,345,583,608]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Spiracles</emphasis>
|
||
subequal in size; each peritreme 20–25 µm long, 10–15 µm wide; each sclerosis 30–40 µm long; pores absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83809EF70FEF845F3" bold="true" box="[311,367,620,645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
well-developed; subequal in size, measurements (in Μm) of metathoracic leg; coxa 75–100, trochanter + femur 155–200, tibia 140–175, tarsus 90–110; total length 455–505 Μm; each coxa with 2 short setae, each 5 µm long; distal end of tarsus with short pointed, triangular claw, 5 µm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83D5DEFA8FA9645BB" bold="true" box="[1123,1281,692,717]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ventral setae</emphasis>
|
||
setose; interantennal setae in 2 rows of 3, each 5 Μm long; also in medial, submedial and submarginal rows on abdominal segments II–VII, each 15–25 Μm long, each row with 6 setae segmentally arranged.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83D7AEFE0FB4B4463" bold="true" box="[1092,1244,764,789]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Microspines,</emphasis>
|
||
each about 3 Μm long, arranged in groups of 3 or
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFC7FFE83B3FEE3CFDBB444E" box="[513,556,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
9 or 10 transverse rows on each abdominal segment and scattered on thorax.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC7FFE839F9EE58FDC2449B" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE839F9EE58FED8442B" bold="true" box="[199,335,836,861]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
The pupae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC7FFE838D1EE59FDEC442B" box="[495,635,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE838D1EE59FDEC442B" box="[495,635,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are most similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC7FFE83A87EE59FBF1442B" box="[953,1126,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83A87EE59FBF1442B" box="[953,1126,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and both are red in life, but those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC7FFE839C2EE75FE1D44F6" box="[252,394,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE839C2EE75FE1D44F6" box="[252,394,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ in lacking quinquelocular pores anterior to each spiracle. The pupae of other
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFFC7FFE83C68EE7BFA0B44F6" box="[1366,1436,871,896]" name="Israel" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Israeli</collectingCountry>
|
||
species are differently coloured, e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC7FFE83B07EE91FD0844D2" box="[569,671,909,932]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83B07EE91FD0844D2" box="[569,671,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">K. greeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is orange, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC7FFE83A77EE91FC5144D3" box="[841,966,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83A77EE91FC5144D3" box="[841,966,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">K. nahalali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC7FFE83AC2EE91FB1844D3" box="[1020,1167,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83AC2EE91FB1844D3" box="[1020,1167,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are greyish-brown. The pupae of the Nearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC7FFE838A8EEACFD6744BE" authority="Hamon et al., 1976" authorityName="Hamon et al." authorityYear="1976" box="[406,752,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Allokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kingii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE838A8EEACFE6044BE" box="[406,503,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. kingii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFFC7FFE83B39EEACFD7044BE" author="Hamon" box="[519,743,943,968]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Hamon, A. B., Lambdin, P. L. & Kosztarab, M. (1976) Life history and morphology of Kermes kingii in Virginia (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Kermesidae). Bulletin of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Research Division, 111, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1976">
|
||
Hamon
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83B5AEEADFD0F44BE" box="[612,664,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1976
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC7FFE83A14EEADFB2044BE" authority="Miller & Miller, 1993" authorityName="Miller & Miller" authorityYear="1993" box="[810,1207,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Eriokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gillettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83A14EEADFC3744BE" box="[810,928,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">E. gillettei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFFC7FFE83A8FEEB3FB3944BE" author="Miller" box="[945,1198,943,968]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Miller, D. R. & Miller, G. L. (1993) Description of a new genus of scale insect with a discussion of relationships among families related to the Kermesidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Systematic Entomology, 18 (3), 237 - 251. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1993. tb 00664. x" type="journal article" year="1993">Miller & Miller, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also lack spiracular pores but their colour was not recorded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC7FFE839F9EEEBFDC7430B" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE839F9EEEBFD894366" bold="true" box="[199,542,1015,1040]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Third-instar male (prepupa)</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFFC7FFE83B11EEEBFDE24379" box="[559,629,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1259,1281]" captionText="FIGURE 7. Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, prepupa." pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFFC7FFE83BBDEEEBFD454366" box="[643,722,1015,1040]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="12.[151,234,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[214,1380,199,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[206,1384,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="PLATE 1. Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, general appearance; a. second-instar female; b. third-instar female; c. young adult female; d. gravid female; e. post-reproductive female; f. second-instar male; g. prepupa; h. pupa; i. adult male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285773/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Plate 1</figureCitation>
|
||
, fig. g).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83A09EEEBFBA64366" bold="true" box="[823,1073,1015,1040]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">General appearance.</emphasis>
|
||
Develops within a white, waxy test secreted by second-instar male; body red and broadly oval when removed from test,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFC7FFE83D4DE900FB474342" box="[1139,1232,1052,1076]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFC7FFE83C28E900FA0B4342" box="[1302,1436,1052,1076]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; derm membranous, with distinct inter-segmental lines on both dorsum and venter; anterior wing-buds well developed; posterior wing-buds absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC7FFE839F9E99BFED64259" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE839F9E99BFE2043D6" bold="true" box="[199,439,1159,1184]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Mounted specimen.</emphasis>
|
||
Body
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFC7FFE83B2EE994FD3B43E9" box="[528,684,1160,1184]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" metricValueMax="1.38" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="1.24" valueMax="1.38" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.38 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFC7FFE83A3EE99BFC1943E9" box="[768,910,1159,1184]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; separation between head, thorax and abdomen not clearly demarcated.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83B17E9B0FC1E43B3" bold="true" box="[553,905,1196,1221]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Margin. Anterior wing-buds</emphasis>
|
||
each 250–325 µm long, 140–165 µm wide, extending to about level with metathoracic coxa.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83B82E9D3FD6B439E" bold="true" box="[700,764,1231,1256]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Setae</emphasis>
|
||
fine and blunt, each 12–15 µm long, in a complete marginal row of 15–20 on each side; and in a submarginal row on abdominal segments I–VII, similar in size and shape to marginal setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC7FFE839F9E820FC7E42B6" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE839F9E820FEEA4223" bold="true" box="[199,381,1340,1365]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Dorsum. Setae</emphasis>
|
||
setose, each 5–8 µm long, with 3 pairs on head apex; also with complete submedial longitudinal rows, segmentally arranged, each with about 10 setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83A9AE843FBB3420E" bold="true" box="[932,1060,1375,1400]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Anal lobes</emphasis>
|
||
rounded and membranous, each with 2 setae on apex, one 35–40 Μm long and other 16–20 Μm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83AA5E898FB1642EB" bold="true" box="[923,1153,1412,1437]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Median penial lobe</emphasis>
|
||
broadly rounded 95–110 Μm long, 50–75 Μm wide; with a total of 8 setose setae, each 5–10 Μm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC7FFE839F9E8D0FF714196" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE839F9E8D0FECD4293" bold="true" box="[199,346,1484,1509]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Venter. Eyes</emphasis>
|
||
absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE8388BE8D0FDBF4293" bold="true" box="[437,552,1484,1509]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
7 or 8 segmented, 250–290 µm long, 65–80 µm wide; apical segment rounded; setae absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83812E8F3FE0E417E" bold="true" box="[300,409,1519,1544]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Spiracles</emphasis>
|
||
subequal in size; each peritreme 15–20 µm long, 10–15 µm wide, with sclerosis 30–35 µm long; each spiracle with 2 quinquelocular pores anterolaterally, each 5 Μm diameter.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83D6AEB08FB1B415B" bold="true" box="[1108,1164,1556,1581]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
present as 3-segmented lobes, subequal in size; total length of metathoracic leg, 175–250 Μm, width 60–75 Μm; claw and setae absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE839A9EB40FEA34103" bold="true" box="[151,308,1628,1653]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ventral setae</emphasis>
|
||
setose, 8–10 Μm long; with 3 pairs of setae between scapes; abdomen with medial, submedial and submarginal longitudinal lines of setae, each line with 6 setae, segmentally arranged.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83D57EB63FA9541EE" bold="true" box="[1129,1282,1663,1688]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Microspines,</emphasis>
|
||
each about 3 Μm long, arranged in groups of 3 or
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFC7FFE83B7AEBB8FDE541CB" box="[580,626,1700,1725]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
9 or 10 transverse rows on each abdominal segment and scattered on thorax.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC7FFE839F9EBF0FE3040CF" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE839F9EBF0FED84073" bold="true" box="[199,335,1772,1797]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
The prepupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC7FFE83B30EBF1FD0B4073" box="[526,668,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83B30EBF1FD0B4073" box="[526,668,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC7FFE83AE8EBF1FB124073" box="[982,1157,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83AE8EBF1FB124073" box="[982,1157,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: both are red in life and both have two quinquelocular pores anterior to each spiracle. Other
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFFC7FFE83AA3EA13FC74405E" box="[925,995,1807,1832]" name="Israel" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Israeli</collectingCountry>
|
||
prepupae are differently coloured, e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC7FFE839A9EA29FF6A403A" box="[151,253,1845,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE839A9EA29FF6A403A" box="[151,253,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">K. greeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
orange, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC7FFE838B3EA29FD9C403B" box="[397,523,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE838B3EA29FD9C403B" box="[397,523,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">K. nahalali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC7FFE83B7FEA29FD43403B" box="[577,724,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83B7FEA29FD43403B" box="[577,724,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">K. spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
greyish- brown; and all three species lack spiracular pores. The prepupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC7FFE8382BEA45FE5E4006" box="[277,457,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Nidularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balachowskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE8382BEA45FE5E4006" box="[277,457,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">N. balachowskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is brown and has one quinquelocular pore anterior to each spiracle. The prepupae of the Nearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC7FFE839C2EA60FDDE40E3" authority="Hamon et al., 1976" authorityName="Hamon et al." authorityYear="1976" box="[252,585,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Allokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kingii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE839C2EA60FECC40E3" box="[252,347,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. kingii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFFC7FFE83856EA60FDD740E3" author="Hamon" box="[360,576,1916,1941]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Hamon, A. B., Lambdin, P. L. & Kosztarab, M. (1976) Life history and morphology of Kermes kingii in Virginia (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Kermesidae). Bulletin of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Research Division, 111, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1976">
|
||
Hamon
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE838FDEA61FE6440E3" box="[451,499,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1976
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC7FFE83B40EA61FC6A40E2" authority="Miller & Miller, 1993" authorityName="Miller & Miller" authorityYear="1993" box="[638,1021,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Eriokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gillettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC7FFE83B40EA61FD6640E3" box="[638,753,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">E. gillettei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFFC7FFE83BC1EA60FC6240E2" author="Miller" box="[767,1013,1916,1941]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Miller, D. R. & Miller, G. L. (1993) Description of a new genus of scale insect with a discussion of relationships among families related to the Kermesidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Systematic Entomology, 18 (3), 237 - 251. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1993. tb 00664. x" type="journal article" year="1993">Miller & Miller, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack spiracular pores but their colour in life was not recorded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7442C6FFC6FFE939A9E9F7FD574277" box="[151,704,1259,1281]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC6FFE939A9E9F7FD574277" blockId="21.[151,704,1259,1281]" box="[151,704,1259,1281]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC6FFE939A9E9F7FE854277" bold="true" box="[151,274,1259,1281]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC6FFE93827E9F0FDCA4277" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[281,605,1259,1281]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC6FFE93827E9F0FE594277" box="[281,462,1259,1281]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Kermes echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
Balachowsky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, prepupa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC6FFE939F9E835FB8C42FC" blockId="21.[151,1436,1321,2030]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC6FFE939F9E835FE384234" bold="true" box="[199,431,1321,1346]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Second-instar male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFFC6FFE938FEE835FD914237" box="[448,518,1321,1346]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="22.[151,250,2007,2029]" captionText="FIGURE 8. Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, second-instar male." pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13300ECBFFC6FFE93B2BE835FDF24237" box="[533,613,1321,1346]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="12.[151,234,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[214,1380,199,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[206,1384,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="PLATE 1. Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, general appearance; a. second-instar female; b. third-instar female; c. young adult female; d. gravid female; e. post-reproductive female; f. second-instar male; g. prepupa; h. pupa; i. adult male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285773/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Plate 1</figureCitation>
|
||
, fig. f).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC6FFE93BF9E835FC2C4234" bold="true" box="[711,955,1321,1346]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">General appearance</emphasis>
|
||
. Secretes a white, waxy test,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFC6FFE93C2DE835FA0B4237" box="[1299,1436,1321,1346]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFC6FFE939E7E850FEF64213" box="[217,353,1356,1381]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; when removed from test, body red, broadly oval,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFC6FFE93AD5E850FB154213" box="[1003,1154,1356,1381]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.075" metricValueMax="1.45" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="1.075" valueMax="1.45" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1.45 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFC6FFE93DF2E851FAC24213" box="[1228,1365,1357,1381]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; derm membranous, inter-segmental lines observable on both venter and dorsum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC6FFE939F9E889FBD642A4" blockId="21.[151,1436,1321,2030]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC6FFE939F9E889FE2642D8" bold="true" box="[199,433,1429,1454]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Mounted specimen.</emphasis>
|
||
Body oval;
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFC6FFE93B00E889FD5142DB" box="[574,710,1429,1454]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="1.2" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFC6FFE93A31E889FC0042DB" box="[783,919,1429,1454]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC6FFE93ADAE889FA9742D8" bold="true" box="[996,1280,1429,1454]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Margin. Marginal setae</emphasis>
|
||
conical, each 10 µm long and 8 µm wide at base, in a complete single row of 30–34 on each side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC6FFE939F9E8C1FA0D41DC" blockId="21.[151,1436,1321,2030]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC6FFE939F9E8C1FEEF4280" bold="true" box="[199,376,1501,1526]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dorsum. Setae</emphasis>
|
||
of two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFFC6FFE938EBE8C2FD834280" box="[469,532,1502,1526]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">types</typeStatus>
|
||
: (i) conical setae in a submedial longitudinal row of 4 setae on head and each thoracic segment, each about 7 µm long and about 5 µm wide at base, shorter than marginal setae; and (ii) tack-like setae in a medial longitudinal row of 6–8 setae, extending from mid-thorax to anal ring, each 8 µm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC6FFE939A9EB55FE1F4114" bold="true" box="[151,392,1609,1634]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Microtubular ducts,</emphasis>
|
||
each with a circular opening about 5 Μm diameter, inner ductule about 1 Μm long and outer ductule 0.5 Μm long; numerous, scattered between tubular ducts over entire dorsum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC6FFE93D7BEB71FB7A41F0" bold="true" box="[1093,1261,1645,1670]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tubular ducts</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFFC6FFE93C2FEB72FADE41F0" box="[1297,1353,1646,1670]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
2, with inner ductule 8–10 µm long, inner cup 5 µm wide and outer ductule 10–14 µm long, abundant throughout dorsum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC6FFEA39F9EBA9FF4C4599" blockId="21.[151,1436,1321,2030]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1437,151,751]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC6FFE939F9EBA9FEC941B8" bold="true" box="[199,350,1717,1742]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Venter. Eyes</emphasis>
|
||
circular, 15–20 µm diameter, placed laterally to each scape, near body margin.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC6FFE93C2EEBA9FA1441B8" bold="true" box="[1296,1411,1717,1742]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
7 segmented, total length 155–185 µm; segment III longer than other segments; scape and pedicel each with 2 thin setose setae; segment III without setae; IV with 1 fleshy seta; V with 1 fleshy seta and 1 setose seta; VI with 1 fleshy seta and 1 setose seta, and apical segment with 3 fleshy setae and 4 setose setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC6FFE93D5FEA3DFB69404C" bold="true" box="[1121,1278,1825,1850]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Frontal lobes</emphasis>
|
||
membranous, one mesad to each scape, each 45–80 Μm long, 35–75 Μm wide, not always visible.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC6FFE93D00EA59FBE14028" bold="true" box="[1086,1142,1861,1886]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
well-developed; subequal in size, measurements (in Μm) of metathoracic legs: coxa 50–75; trochanter + femur 110–125; tibia 50–60; tarsus 70–85 and claw 20–25; total length 300–325 Μm; trochanter with 2 oval sensory pores on each side; tarsal digitules 25–30 Μm long, knobbed apically; claw digitules knobbed apically, each 20–25 Μm long, extending beyond apex of claw; each claw with a denticle.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC6FFE93B10EAC9FD3B4098" bold="true" box="[558,684,2005,2030]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tentorium</emphasis>
|
||
113–125 µm long, 100–125 µm wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC6FFE93DAAEAC9FB654098" bold="true" box="[1172,1266,2005,2030]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Labium</emphasis>
|
||
3 segmented, triangular, 90–110 µm long and 85–90 µm wide; labial setae: basal segment with 2 pairs of setose setae about 5 µm long, median segment with 1 pair of setose setae 17–35 µm long and apical segment with 4 pairs of setose setae 8 µm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC5FFEA3830EDC3FEEC478E" bold="true" box="[270,379,223,248]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Spiracles</emphasis>
|
||
subequal in size, each peritreme 10–13 Μm wide, with sclerosis 28–35 µm long; with 4 quinquelocular pores extending in a transverse row, from peritreme to margin of body, each 4 µm diameter.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC5FFEA39A9EC3BFED74636" bold="true" box="[151,320,295,320]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Tubular ducts</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFFC5FFEA3856EC34FE374636" box="[360,416,296,320]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
2, each with outer ductule 10–14 Μm long, a sclerotized cup about 5 Μm in diameter and inner ductule 8–10 Μm long, in a complete submarginal band 1 or 2 ducts wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC5FFEA3D06EC50FB664613" bold="true" box="[1080,1265,332,357]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Bilocular pores</emphasis>
|
||
circular, 2 µm diameter, with 10–12 pores on each side of body, in a complete submarginal line.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC5FFEA3D0AEC73FB4746FE" bold="true" box="[1076,1232,367,392]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ventral setae</emphasis>
|
||
of three
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B0ACECFFC5FFEA3C09EC6CFAE146FE" box="[1335,1398,368,392]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">types</typeStatus>
|
||
: (i) conical setae, similar in shape and size to marginal setae, with a pair on anterior apex of body, each 10 µm long and 5 µm wide at base; also 2 about 15 µm long and 5 µm wide at base, posterior to anal ring; (ii) setose setae: with 5 pairs medially, just anterior to tentorium, each 42–63 Μm long; with 4 medial to each coxa, with two 13–15 µm long and two 25–40 µm long; also in medial and submedai rows on abdominal segments II–VII, setae in medial rows each about 28 µm long, setae in submedial rows each about 10 µm long; also anterior to anal ring, with 4 setae, two about 25 µm long and two about 13 µm long; plus 2 setae posterior to anal ring, each about 25 µm long; and (iii) tack-like setae, each 5 µm, long in a complete submarginal row of 10–15.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC5FFEA3D01EF70FB4045F3" bold="true" box="[1087,1239,620,645]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Microspines,</emphasis>
|
||
each about 3 µm long; in groups of 1 or
|
||
<quantity id="4CF3BFABFFC5FFEA389BEF8CFE4545DE" box="[421,466,655,680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
6–8 transverse rows on each abdominal segment and scattered on thorax.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC5FFEA3C16EF93FA0B45DE" bold="true" box="[1320,1436,655,680]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Anal ring</emphasis>
|
||
ventral, diameter 30–35 µm, composed of 2 semi-circles, each half with 3 spinose setae, 32–43 µm long, and 9–12 pores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7442C6FFC5FFEA39A9EACBFCBA409B" box="[151,813,2007,2029]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC5FFEA39A9EACBFCBA409B" blockId="22.[151,813,2007,2029]" box="[151,813,2007,2029]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC5FFEA39A9EACBFE85409B" bold="true" box="[151,274,2007,2029]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC5FFEA3827EAC4FDCA409B" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" box="[281,605,2007,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC5FFEA3827EAC4FE59409B" box="[281,462,2007,2029]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Kermes echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
Balachowsky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, second-instar male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC4FFEB39F9ED8BFA0446FE" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB39F9ED8BFED847C6" bold="true" box="[199,335,151,176]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Among the Palaearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3B50ED85FD5447C6" box="[622,707,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB3B50ED85FD5447C6" box="[622,707,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Kermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, second-instar males have only been described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3CBCED85FF6147A3" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bytinskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB3CBCED85FF6147A3" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">K. bytinskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a junior synonym to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB38D5EDA1FDFE47A3" box="[491,617,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB38D5EDA1FDFE47A3" box="[491,617,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">K. nahalali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and redescribed in this study),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3AFBEDA1FA8E47A2" authority="Sternlicht, 1970" authorityName="Sternlicht" authorityYear="1970" box="[965,1305,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB3AFBEDA1FBDB47A3" box="[965,1100,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">K. williamsi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFFC4FFEB3D64EDA0FA8647A2" author="Sternlicht" box="[1114,1297,188,213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Sternlicht, M. (1970) A new species of Kermes Boitard (Coccoidea, Kermesidae) from England on oak. Entomologist's Gazette, 23, 259 - 266." type="journal article" year="1970">Sternlicht, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3C1AEDA1FEF6478E" authority="Podsiadlo, 2012" authorityName="Podsiadlo" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB3C1AEDA1FA0B47A2" box="[1316,1436,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">K. quercus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFFC4FFEB39A0EDC3FECE478E" author="Podsiadlo" box="[158,345,223,248]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Podsiadlo, E. (2012) Morphology of second instar nymphs of Kermes quercus (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Kermesidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 81, 35 - 42. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2478 / v 10200 - 011 - 0061 - 9" type="journal article" year="2012">Podsiadlo, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB38A2EDFDFCA5478E" authority="Pellizzari et al., 2012" authorityName="Pellizzari et al." authorityYear="2012" box="[412,818,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB38A2EDFDFD8B478E" box="[412,540,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFFC4FFEB3B10EDC3FCBD478E" author="Pellizzari" box="[558,810,223,248]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Pellizzari, G., Porcelli, F., Convertini, S. & Marotta, S. (2012) Description of nymphal instars and adult female of Kermes vermilio Planchon (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Kermesidae), with a synopsis of the European and Mediterranean species. Zootaxa, 3336, 36 - 50." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Pellizzari
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB3B9DEDFDFD41478E" box="[675,726,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, plus the four other species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31C52DEFFC4FFEB3D87EDC3FB6D478E" box="[1209,1274,223,248]" name="Israel" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB3C36EDFDFE5B466B" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3C36EDFDFAE3478E" box="[1288,1396,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">K. greeni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3CBCEDFDFEB0466B" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">K. hermonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB380BEC19FE5B466B" box="[309,460,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">K. spatulatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB3B36EC19FD50466B" box="[520,711,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3B36EC19FD53466B" box="[520,708,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Nidularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balachowskii">N. balachowskii</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
All bar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3A12EC19FC4A466B" box="[812,989,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB3A12EC19FC4A466B" box="[812,989,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3D27EC19FB0D466B" box="[1049,1178,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB3D27EC19FB0D466B" box="[1049,1178,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clearly differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3CBCEC19FE944636" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB3CBCEC19FE944636" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because their marginal setae are robustly setose (conical in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3A8FEC35FBA84636" box="[945,1087,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB3A8FEC35FBA84636" box="[945,1087,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3D46EC35FB6F4636" box="[1144,1272,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB3D46EC35FB6F4636" box="[1144,1272,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The secondinstar males of the Nearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB38ECEC51FDC84613" box="[466,607,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockerelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB38ECEC51FDC84613" box="[466,607,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">K. cockerelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3B53EC51FC824613" box="[621,789,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinnulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB3B53EC51FC824613" box="[621,789,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">K. concinnulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3A72EC51FC594612" box="[844,974,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB3A72EC51FC594612" box="[844,974,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">K. rimarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have long, setose marginal setae, tubular ducts on the dorsum and quinquelocular pores scattered on both the dorsum and venter (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFFC4FFEB3D4FEC6CFA1146FE" author="Baer" box="[1137,1414,367,392]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Baer, R. G. & Kosztarab, M. (1985) Studies on the morphology and systematics of scale insects-No. 12. II. A morphological and systematic study of the first and second instars of the family Kermesidae in the Nearctic region (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and University Research Division, 85, 119 - 261." type="journal article" year="1985">Baer & Kosztarab, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC4FFEB39F9EC88FC2545F3" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
The second-instar males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3B37EC89FD0F46DB" box="[521,664,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB3B37EC89FD0F46DB" box="[521,664,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3B94EC89FCCC46DB" box="[682,859,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB3B94EC89FCCC46DB" box="[682,859,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3AA7EC89FB8D46DB" box="[921,1050,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB3AA7EC89FB8D46DB" box="[921,1050,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar in possessing conical marginal setae and a pair of membranous frontal lobes between the antennal scapes. These lobes were first described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFFC4FFEB3810ECC0FE714683" author="Williams" box="[302,486,476,501]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Williams, D. J. (1985) The British and some other European Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, Ser. 51, 347 - 393." type="book chapter" year="1985">Williams (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on several
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3B57ECC0FD6C4683" box="[617,763,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eriococcidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
species and later were recognized by Marotta & Tranfaglia (1999) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A6FBFFFC4FFEB3822ECE3FDB3456E" box="[284,548,511,536]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Pellizzari, G., Porcelli, F., Convertini, S. & Marotta, S. (2012) Description of nymphal instars and adult female of Kermes vermilio Planchon (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Kermesidae), with a synopsis of the European and Mediterranean species. Zootaxa, 3336, 36 - 50." type="journal article">
|
||
Pellizzari
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB38B1EF1DFE55456E" box="[399,450,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., (2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB3B6CEF1DFD4D456E" box="[594,730,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3B6CEF1DFD42456E" box="[594,725,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">K. vermilio</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
These authors also found them in second-instar and prepupal males and in the second- and third-instar females. The function of the frontal lobes has not been established, but it might indicate a close relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3BA9EF5BFCBE4516" box="[663,809,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eriococcidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3A59EF5BFAD94516" authority="Marotta & Tranfaglia, 1999" authorityName="Marotta & Tranfaglia" authorityYear="1999" box="[871,1358,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kermesidae (Marotta & Tranfaglia, 1999)</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Apart from these three species, frontal lobes are unknown in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3A1BEF70FC3945F3" box="[805,942,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kermesidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB4124EFFC4FFEB39F9EF93FB7E4463" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
The second-instar males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3B33EF8DFD0A45DE" box="[525,669,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB3B33EF8DFD0A45DE" box="[525,669,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3A99EF8DFBCE45DE" box="[935,1113,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB3A99EF8DFBCE45DE" box="[935,1113,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3DA6EF8DFA8D45DE" box="[1176,1306,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB3DA6EF8DFA8D45DE" box="[1176,1306,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as follows (characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3801EFA9FE6545BB" box="[319,498,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hermonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB3801EFA9FE6545BB" box="[319,498,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">K. hermonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0B69CDFFC4FFEB3B0EEFA9FD2545BB" box="[560,690,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97FCE5CFFC4FFEB3B0EEFA9FD2545BB" box="[560,690,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in brackets): (i) ventral quinquelocular pores absent anterior to tentorium (present); (ii) each prothoracic spiracle with four quinquelocular pores (eight and two); and (iii) ventral abdominal quinquelocular pores absent (present in four longitudinal rows ventrally on abdominal).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |