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<mods:title id="5E80DB34D891145AF962EE6954A72665">Catalogue of New Zealand land, freshwater and estuarine molluscan taxa named by Frederick Wollaston Hutton between 1879 and 1904</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B65181B4A372F8A8E67CAA023BBDFEE1">King, Tania M.</mods:namePart>
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<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA02FFE150B6FC4DFE21BDF3" bold="true" box="[151,396,942,969]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Paryphanta lignaria</emphasis>
Hutton, 1888
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Hutton, 1888. Transactions of the 
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Institute, 20 (1888): 43.
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<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA02FFE150B6FBDAFEE8BA69" bold="true" box="[151,325,1081,1107]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Type material.</emphasis>
The original description was based on a single broken shell (i.e., 
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, by monotypy) that was loaned to 
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by ‘Dr Gaze, of Westport’ (
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<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA02FFE1525EFBBEFCE8BA4D" author="Hutton, F. W." box="[639,837,1117,1143]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="43 - 44" refId="ref64290" refString="Hutton, F. W. (1888 a) Description of a new land shell, from the province of Nelson. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 20, 43 - 44. [May]" type="journal article" year="1888">Hutton 1888a: 44</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA02FFE1536EFBBEFC66BA4D" author="Suter, H." box="[847,971,1117,1143]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref69528" refString="Suter, H. (1913) Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. MacKay, Government Printer, Wellington, 1120 pp." type="book" year="1913">Suter 1913</bibRefCitation>
: xiv; 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA02FFE15427FBBEFB61BA42" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[1030,1228,1117,1144]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="99 - 136" refId="ref67468" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1946) The Paryphantidae of New Zealand. No. V. Further new species of Paryphanta, Wainuia and Rhytida. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 3, 99 - 136." type="journal article" year="1946">Powell 1946: 106</bibRefCitation>
). The whereabouts of the type specimen is not known, and it is presumed to have been lost or destroyed (see below).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA02FFE150E6FB46FECBBA85" bold="true" box="[199,358,1189,1215]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<typeStatus id="FA2B8852FA02FFE150E6FB46FEAFBA85" box="[199,258,1189,1215]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
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‘… on the saddle between the Mokihinui and Lyell Rivers’ (
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).
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<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA02FFE150E6FB2AFE96BAD9" bold="true" box="[199,315,1225,1251]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Remarks.</emphasis>
Described in genus 
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<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA02FFE1520AFB2AFD02BAD9" box="[555,687,1225,1251]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Paryphanta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA02FFE15296FB2AFCE3BADE" author="Albers, J. C." box="[695,846,1225,1252]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref56780" refString="Albers, J. C. (1850) Die Heliceen nach naturlicher Verwandtschaft systematisch geordnet. T. C. F. Enslin, Berlin, 262 pp." type="book" year="1850">Albers, 1850</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, assigned to subgenus 
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<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA02FFE15479FB2AFB56BAD9" box="[1112,1275,1225,1251]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Powelliphanta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA02FFE1550AFB2AFF49BB32" author="O'Connor, A. C." pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="54 - 56" refId="ref66754" refString="O'Connor, A. C. (1945) Notes on the eggs of New Zealand Paryphantidae, with description of a new subgenus. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 75, 54 - 56." type="journal article" year="1945">O’Connor (1945)</bibRefCitation>
, and the latter treated as a full genus by 
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and subsequent authors. Hutton’s (1888: 43–44) original description of the 
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of 
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<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA02FFE1521BFAF2FCB0BB11" box="[570,797,1297,1323]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Paryphanta lignaria</emphasis>
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stated that it had a maximum diameter of about two inches (= c. 
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), a slightly-elevated spire “forming an angle of about 135 
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, and that the base had been mostly broken off, leaving the “shape of the umbilicus and the aperture uncertain”. The remaining part of the base was “smooth and polished”, in contrast to the apical surface, which was “finely irregularly granulated by deeply undulating impressed lines”, and had a colour pattern of irregular “dark reddish brown and pale brownish-yellow” radial streaks. There are no published illustrations of the 
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. 
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, pl. 1, figs. 1–3) illustrated a putative type specimen of 
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<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA02FFE15094FA0AFEA2B839" box="[181,271,1513,1539]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">lignaria</emphasis>
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, “drawn by Mr. H. Suter”. It is the larger one of two specimens in CMNZ M690 that had been presented to 
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Museum by Dr Gaze in 1893 (i.e., entry for 
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14 August 
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in CMNZ Accession Register for 1891– 1933), and which was incorrectly listed as a ‘cotype’ of 
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<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA02FFE1533DF9D2FCDBB871" box="[796,886,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
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<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA02FFE15385F9D1FC5FB876" authority="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer, 2020" authorityName="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer" authorityYear="2020" box="[932,1010,1586,1612]" genus="Hutton" pageId="48" pageNumber="65" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Hutton</taxonomicName>
(1898
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– 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA02FFE1546DF9D2FB0EB876" author="Hutton, F. W." box="[1100,1187,1585,1612]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="22" refId="ref64552" refString="Hutton, F. W. (1900) Note on Paryphanta lignaria. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 32, 22. [June]" type="journal article" year="1900">1900: 7</bibRefCitation>
), and as the ‘type’ by 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA02FFE150B6F9B6FECDB855" author="Suter, H." box="[151,352,1621,1647]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref69528" refString="Suter, H. (1913) Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. MacKay, Government Printer, Wellington, 1120 pp." type="book" year="1913">Suter (1913: 784)</bibRefCitation>
. The entry in the Accession Register does not state where the specimens in M690 were collected, and the original label has been lost or destroyed. A handwritten note associated with M690 states: “Note by A.W.B. Powell pasted to previous mount: 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA02FFE15234F97EFC14B88D" authority="Powell 1930" authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1930" box="[533,953,1693,1719]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="unicolorata">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA02FFE15234F97EFC8EB88D" box="[533,803,1693,1719]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Paryphanta unicolorata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA02FFE1530BF97EFC14B88D" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[810,953,1693,1719]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="17 - 56" refId="ref67241" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1930) The Paryphantidae of New Zealand: their hypothetical ancestry, with descriptions of new species and a new genus. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 1, 17 - 56." type="journal article" year="1930">Powell 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Mt Frederick locality probably correct but omit reference to saddle between Mokihinui and Lyell Rivers. Certainly not the type of 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA02FFE154A5F922FB73B8E1" authorityName="Hutton, Mount" authorityYear="1888" box="[1156,1246,1729,1755]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA02FFE154A5F922FB73B8E1" box="[1156,1246,1729,1755]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which measures 2 ins. in greatest diameter (
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA02FFE151F1F906FDC9B8C5" authority="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer, 2020" authorityName="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer" authorityYear="2020" box="[464,612,1765,1791]" genus="Hutton" pageId="48" pageNumber="65" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Hutton 1888</taxonomicName>
), 
<date id="512E1030FA02FFE1525AF906FD5CB8C5" box="[635,753,1765,1791]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1930-07-21">21.7.1930</date>
”. Although not stated explicitly, Powell’s note suggests that the specimens in M690 were originally labelled as being from two separate localities. The two specimens differ from Hutton’s description of 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA02FFE151FEF8CEFD94B97D" authorityName="Hutton, Mount" authorityYear="1888" box="[479,569,1837,1863]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA02FFE151FEF8CEFD94B97D" box="[479,569,1837,1863]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and from 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA02FFE15297F8CEFBF2B97D" authority="Powell, 1930" authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1930" box="[694,1119,1837,1863]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="unicolorata">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA02FFE15297F8CEFC69B97D" box="[694,964,1837,1863]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Paryphanta unicolorata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA02FFE153EAF8CEFBF2B97D" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[971,1119,1837,1863]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="17 - 56" refId="ref67241" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1930) The Paryphantidae of New Zealand: their hypothetical ancestry, with descriptions of new species and a new genus. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 1, 17 - 56." type="journal article" year="1930">Powell, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see comments on the latter taxon below), in being smaller, and having weakly calcified shells with a smooth, shiny apical surface. From shell characters they appear to belong to the group of 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA02FFE15290F896FB22B9B5" authority="(Powell, 1949)" baseAuthorityName="Powell" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[689,1167,1909,1935]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Powelliphanta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patrickensis">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA02FFE15290F896FC4FB9B5" box="[689,994,1909,1935]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Powelliphanta patrickensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA02FFE153D0F896FB2AB9B5" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[1009,1159,1909,1935]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="347 - 367" refId="ref67546" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1949) The Paryphantidae of New Zealand. No. VI. Distribution, hybrids and new species of Paryphanta, Rhytida and Schizoglossa. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 3, 347 - 367." type="journal article" year="1949">Powell, 1949</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and related species (see 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA02FFE150B6F87AFE81B989" author="Walker, K. J." box="[151,300,1945,1971]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref70029" refString="Walker, K. J. (2003) Recovery plans for Powelliphanta land snails. Threatened Species Recovery Plan 49. Department of Conservation, Wellington, 208 pp." type="book" year="2003">Walker 2003</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA02FFE15118F87AFDBEB989" author="Walker, K. J. &amp; Trewick, S. A. &amp; Barker, G. M." box="[313,531,1945,1972]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="163 - 186" refId="ref70060" refString="Walker, K. J., Trewick, S. A. &amp; Barker, G. M. (2008) Powelliphanta augusta, a new species of land snail, with a description of its former habitat, Stockton coal plateau, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 38 (3), 163 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014220809510553" type="journal article" year="2008">
Walker 
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA02FFE151B2F879FE6BB989" box="[403,454,1945,1971]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
), which was referred to as the 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA02FFE1535BF87AFB24B989" authority="Kawatiri" authorityName="Kawatiri" box="[890,1161,1945,1971]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Powelliphanta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA02FFE1535BF87AFBB0B989" box="[890,1053,1945,1971]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Powelliphanta</emphasis>
Kawatiri
</taxonomicName>
complex by 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA02FFE15503F87AFF48B9ED" author="Daly, E. E. &amp; Walker, K. J. &amp; Morgan-Richards, M. &amp; Trewick, S. A." pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="280 - 289" refId="ref59777" refString="Daly, E. E., Walker, K. J., Morgan-Richards, M. &amp; Trewick, S. A. (2019) Spatial genetics of a high elevation lineage of Rhytididae land snails in New Zealand: the Powelliphanta Kawatiri complex. Molluscan Research, 39 (3), 280 - 289. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 13235818.2018.1559914" type="journal article" year="2019">
Daly 
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA02FFE15543F879FA38B989" box="[1378,1429,1945,1971]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al</emphasis>
. (2019)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="252F36F0FA02FFE050E6F801FCC3BA4F" blockId="48.[151,1437,1081,2044]" lastBlockId="49.[151,1437,151,2036]" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA02FFE150E6F801FE22B9C1" author="Hutton, F. W." box="[199,399,2017,2044]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="22" refId="ref64552" refString="Hutton, F. W. (1900) Note on Paryphanta lignaria. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 32, 22. [June]" type="journal article" year="1900">
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA02FFE150E6F801FEB8B9C6" authority="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer, 2020" authorityName="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer" authorityYear="2020" box="[199,277,2018,2044]" genus="Hutton" pageId="48" pageNumber="65" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Hutton</taxonomicName>
(1900: 22
</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 2) and 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA02FFE15232F802FD37B9C6" author="Suter, H." box="[531,666,2017,2044]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref69552" refString="Suter, H. (1915) Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca, Atlas of Plates. MacKay, Government Printer, Wellington, 72 pls." type="book" year="1915">Suter (1915</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 32, fig. 12, a, b) illustrated a shell from ‘Mount Rochfort, near Westport’, which they identified as 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE0520AFF74FCBCBE8B" authorityName="Hutton, Mount" authorityYear="1888" box="[555,785,151,177]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE0520AFF74FCBCBE8B" box="[555,785,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Paryphanta lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This specimen (i.e., CMNZ M694) was of a similar size to the 
<typeStatus id="FA2B8852FA03FFE050FDFF59FE93BEEE" box="[220,318,186,212]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE05142FF59FE10BEEE" authorityName="Hutton, Mount" authorityYear="1888" box="[355,445,186,212]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE05142FF59FE10BEEE" box="[355,445,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differed in having a more elevated spire and being “of a yellowish-brown or luteous colour, the brown bands being obsolete” (
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE05253FF3DFC97BEC2" authority="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer, 2020" authorityName="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer" authorityYear="2020" box="[626,826,222,248]" genus="Hutton" pageId="49" pageNumber="65" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE05253FF3DFC97BEC2" author="Hutton, F. W." box="[626,826,222,248]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="22" refId="ref64552" refString="Hutton, F. W. (1900) Note on Paryphanta lignaria. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 32, 22. [June]" type="journal article" year="1900">Hutton, 1900: 22</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). In the first of a series of papers on the taxonomy of 
<collectingCountry id="5D877660FA03FFE050B6FEE1FE81BF26" box="[151,300,258,284]" name="New Zealand" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE05112FEE1FE7EBF26" authorityName="Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1893" box="[307,467,258,284]" class="Gastropoda" family="Paryphantidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Paryphantidae</taxonomicName>
(now 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE05238FEE1FD34BF27" authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1893" box="[537,665,258,285]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Rhytididae</taxonomicName>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE0528BFEE1FC30BF26" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[682,925,258,284]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="17 - 56" refId="ref67241" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1930) The Paryphantidae of New Zealand: their hypothetical ancestry, with descriptions of new species and a new genus. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 1, 17 - 56." type="journal article" year="1930">Powell (1930: 42–43)</bibRefCitation>
interpreted the distribution of typical 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE05563FEE1FA31BF26" authorityName="Hutton, Mount" authorityYear="1888" box="[1346,1436,258,284]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE05563FEE1FA31BF26" box="[1346,1436,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as extending from the north side of the Mokihinui River to Karamea. He included the Mt Rochfort taxon in a new species, 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE050D6FEAAFD0BBF59" authority="Powell, 1930" authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1930" box="[247,678,329,355]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="unicolorata">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE050D6FEAAFDAABF59" box="[247,519,329,355]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Paryphanta unicolorata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE0522FFEAAFD0BBF59" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[526,678,329,355]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="17 - 56" refId="ref67241" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1930) The Paryphantidae of New Zealand: their hypothetical ancestry, with descriptions of new species and a new genus. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 1, 17 - 56." type="journal article" year="1930">Powell, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, with a type locality at Seddonville, and a distribution south of the Mokihinui River (see also 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE051E6FE8EFDF4BFBD" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[455,601,365,391]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="29 - 41" refId="ref67337" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1936) The Paryphantidae of New Zealand. III. Further new species of Paryphanta and Wainuia. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 2, 29 - 41." type="journal article" year="1936">Powell 1936</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 10). The latter taxon was differentiated from 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE054AAFE8EFB48BFBD" authorityName="Hutton, Mount" authorityYear="1888" box="[1163,1253,365,391]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE054AAFE8EFB48BFBD" box="[1163,1253,365,391]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on shell colour, being uniformly olive-brown rather than radially striped as per Hutton’s original description of 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE054C5FE72FA93BF91" authorityName="Hutton, Mount" authorityYear="1888" box="[1252,1342,401,427]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE054C5FE72FA93BF91" box="[1252,1342,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE0556FFE72FEBBBFF5" author="Powell, A. W. B." pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="239 - 259" refId="ref67435" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1941) Biological primary types in the Auckland Museum. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 2, 239 - 259." type="journal article" year="1941">Powell (1941: 239</bibRefCitation>
, 253) inferred that the type material of 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE052F8FE57FC9EBFF4" authorityName="Hutton, Mount" authorityYear="1888" box="[729,819,436,462]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE052F8FE57FC9EBFF4" box="[729,819,436,462]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was probably lost, but later (
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE054A3FE57FAE2BFF4" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[1154,1359,436,462]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="99 - 136" refId="ref67468" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1946) The Paryphantidae of New Zealand. No. V. Further new species of Paryphanta, Wainuia and Rhytida. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 3, 99 - 136." type="journal article" year="1946">Powell 1946: 106</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE0557DFE56FF6FBFC8" author="Powell, A. W. B." pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="347 - 367" refId="ref67546" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1949) The Paryphantidae of New Zealand. No. VI. Distribution, hybrids and new species of Paryphanta, Rhytida and Schizoglossa. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 3, 347 - 367." type="journal article" year="1949">1949: 348</bibRefCitation>
) suggested that “an unlabeled specimen from the collection of the late Mr. Boswell of Westport” (i.e., AIM MA71492) may be the missing 
<typeStatus id="FA2B8852FA03FFE051DEFE1FFDCCBC2C" box="[511,609,508,534]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE052A8FE1FFD4EBC2C" authorityName="Hutton, Mount" authorityYear="1888" box="[649,739,508,534]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE052A8FE1FFD4EBC2C" box="[649,739,508,534]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, albeit without providing any convincing evidence in support of this. 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE050D1FDC3FE60BC01" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[240,461,544,571]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="347 - 367" refId="ref67546" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1949) The Paryphantidae of New Zealand. No. VI. Distribution, hybrids and new species of Paryphanta, Rhytida and Schizoglossa. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 3, 347 - 367." type="journal article" year="1949">Powell (1949: 350)</bibRefCitation>
designated a shell that he had illustrated previously (
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE05412FDC3FB62BC00" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[1075,1231,544,570]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="17 - 56" refId="ref67241" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1930) The Paryphantidae of New Zealand: their hypothetical ancestry, with descriptions of new species and a new genus. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 1, 17 - 56." type="journal article" year="1930">Powell, 1930</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 4, fig. 1) as a 
<typeStatus id="FA2B8852FA03FFE050B6FDA7FF5EBC64" box="[151,243,580,606]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
. It is part of a lot of 
<specimenCount id="3396FD79FA03FFE051F8FDA7FDDCBC67" box="[473,625,579,606]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
(AIM MA64520) from near St. Helens, Mokihinui, c. 
<quantity id="E2689B15FA03FFE054F9FDA0FAB2BC67" box="[1240,1311,579,606]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
NW of the type locality of 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE05169FD84FE0FBCBB" authorityName="Hutton, Mount" authorityYear="1888" box="[328,418,615,641]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE05169FD84FE0FBCBB" box="[328,418,615,641]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cited by 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE0522AFD8BFD03BCBB" authority="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer, 2020" authorityName="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer" authorityYear="2020" box="[523,686,615,642]" genus="Hutton" pageId="49" pageNumber="65" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Hutton (1888)</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE05299FD84FC64BCB8" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[696,969,615,642]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="347 - 367" refId="ref67546" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1949) The Paryphantidae of New Zealand. No. VI. Distribution, hybrids and new species of Paryphanta, Rhytida and Schizoglossa. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 3, 347 - 367." type="journal article" year="1949">Powell (1949: 347–357)</bibRefCitation>
gave a detailed account of the taxonomic history of 
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE0512EFD68FE28BC9F" box="[271,389,651,677]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Paryphata</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE051AFFD68FD05BC9F" authorityName="Hutton, Mount" authorityYear="1888" box="[398,680,651,677]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="lignaria" subGenus="Powelliphanta">
(
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE051B9FD68FD96BC9F" box="[408,571,651,677]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Powelliphanta</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE0526FFD68FD05BC9F" box="[590,680,651,677]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0CD75799FA03FFE05290FD68FC8BBC9F" box="[689,806,651,677]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
. He inferred that the type locality of 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE054F4FD68FA82BC9F" authorityName="Hutton, Mount" authorityYear="1888" box="[1237,1327,651,677]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE054F4FD68FA82BC9F" box="[1237,1327,651,677]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
given by 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE050B6FD4CFE9BBCF3" authority="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer, 2020" authorityName="Brook &amp; Kennedy &amp; King &amp; Ridden &amp; Shaw &amp; Spencer" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,310,687,713]" genus="Hutton" pageId="49" pageNumber="65" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Hutton (1888)</taxonomicName>
was incorrect, and that “Hutton’s locality for his 1900 record of ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE05431FD4CFBC7BCF3" authorityName="Hutton, Mount" authorityYear="1888" box="[1040,1130,687,713]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE05431FD4CFBC7BCF3" box="[1040,1130,687,713]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ [i.e., from Mt Rochfort] is evidently erroneous, the specimen being a 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE05259FD31FD56BCD6" authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1930" box="[632,763,722,748]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="unicolorata">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE05259FD31FD56BCD6" box="[632,763,722,748]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">unicolorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, probably from the Seddonville area”. In the same paper he reinterpreted the distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE051D8FD15FDFEBD2A" authorityName="Hutton, Mount" authorityYear="1888" box="[505,595,758,784]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE051D8FD15FDFEBD2A" box="[505,595,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0CD75799FA03FFE05278FD14FD49BD2A" box="[601,740,758,785]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
as being restricted to coastal hill country extending north from the Mokihinui River mouth to Kongahu Point and Corbyvale, and recognised several subspecies from adjoining areas (including 
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE05132FCDDFE55BD62" box="[275,504,830,856]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE05132FCDDFEC0BD62" authorityName="Hutton, Mount" authorityYear="1888" box="[275,365,830,856]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">lignaria</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE05154FCDDFE55BD62" authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1930" box="[373,504,830,856]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="unicolorata">unicolorata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
), and one from the Leslie and upper Karamea rivers, based mainly on differences in shell colouring (
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE0514FFC82FD97BD46" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[366,570,865,892]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="347 - 367" refId="ref67546" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1949) The Paryphantidae of New Zealand. No. VI. Distribution, hybrids and new species of Paryphanta, Rhytida and Schizoglossa. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 3, 347 - 367." type="journal article" year="1949">Powell 1949: 350</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 67). Most subsequent workers have followed Powell’s interpretations of the 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE050E0FC66FEB6BDA5" authorityName="Hutton, Mount" authorityYear="1888" box="[193,283,901,927]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE050E0FC66FEB6BDA5" box="[193,283,901,927]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group of subspecies (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE0526DFC66FD52BDA5" author="Parkinson, P. G." box="[588,767,901,927]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref66794" refString="Parkinson, P. G. (1979) A Consideration of the Systematics of the New Zealand Rhytididae (Mollusca: Pulmonata) with a Repudiation of the Nonsensical ' Ring Species' Speculation lately indulged in by Dr Climo. Pettyfogging Press, Auckland, 22 pp." type="book" year="1979">Parkinson 1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE0532AFC66FC31BDA5" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[779,924,901,927]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref67797" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1979) New Zealand Mollusca: Marine, Land and Freshwater Shells. Collins, Auckland, xiv + 500 pp." type="book" year="1979">Powell 1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE05389FC66FBDABDA5" author="Meads, M. J. &amp; Walker, K. J. &amp; Elliott, G. P." box="[936,1143,901,928]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="277 - 306" refId="ref66186" refString="Meads, M. J., Walker, K. J. &amp; Elliott, G. P. (1984) Status, conservation, and management of the land snails of the genus Powelliphanta (Mollusca: Pulmonata). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 11 (3), 277 - 306. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1984.10428241" type="journal article" year="1984">
Meads 
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE053DAFC65FB80BDA5" box="[1019,1069,901,927]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
. 1984
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE054A3FC66FABBBDA5" author="Walker, K. J." box="[1154,1302,901,927]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref70029" refString="Walker, K. J. (2003) Recovery plans for Powelliphanta land snails. Threatened Species Recovery Plan 49. Department of Conservation, Wellington, 208 pp." type="book" year="2003">Walker 2003</bibRefCitation>
), but 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE05577FC66FF5DBDFE" author="Climo, F. M." pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="289 - 294" refId="ref58862" refString="Climo, F. M. (1978 b) The Powelliphanta gilliesi-traversi-hochstetteri-rossiana-lignaria-superba ring species (Mollusca: Pulmonata). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 5 (2), 289 - 294. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1978.10428318" type="journal article" year="1978">Climo (1978b)</bibRefCitation>
proposed an alternative classification in which 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE05333FC4AFCC1BDF9" authorityName="Hutton, Mount" authorityYear="1888" box="[786,876,937,963]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE05333FC4AFCC1BDF9" box="[786,876,937,963]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0CD75799FA03FFE05354FC4AFC4BBDF9" box="[885,998,937,963]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
of Powell was treated as a subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE05096FC2FFD0DBDDD" authority="(Pfeiffer, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[183,672,972,999]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Powelliphanta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hochstetteri">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE05096FC2FFE4ABDDC" box="[183,487,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Powelliphanta hochstetteri</emphasis>
(Pfeiffer, 1862)
</taxonomicName>
. Genetic studies by 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE053A6FC2FFBCABDDD" author="Walker, K. J." box="[903,1127,972,999]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref70029" refString="Walker, K. J. (2003) Recovery plans for Powelliphanta land snails. Threatened Species Recovery Plan 49. Department of Conservation, Wellington, 208 pp." type="book" year="2003">Walker (2003: 200)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE05452FC2FFACABDDD" author="Trewick, S. A. &amp; Walker, K. J. &amp; Jordan, C. J." box="[1139,1383,972,999]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="1563 - 1575" refId="ref69805" refString="Trewick, S. A., Walker, K. J. &amp; Jordan, C. J. (2008) Taxonomic and conservation status of a newly discovered giant landsnail from Mount Augustus, New Zealand. Conservation Genetics 9 (6), 1563 - 1575. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10592 - 007 - 9495 - 8" type="journal article" year="2008">
Trewick 
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE054F9FC2EFAA7BDDC" box="[1240,1290,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE050B6FC13FE29BA30" author="Buckley, T. R. &amp; White, D. J. &amp; Howitt, R. &amp; Winstanley, T. &amp; Ramon-Laca, A. R. &amp; Gleeson, D." box="[151,388,1008,1035]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="291 - 302" refId="ref57817" refString="Buckley, T. R., White, D. J., Howitt, R., Winstanley, T., Ramon-Laca, A. R. &amp; Gleeson, D. (2014) Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA variation within threatened species and subspecies of the giant New Zealand land-snail genus Powelliphanta: implications for classification and conservation. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 80, 291 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / mollus / eyu 014" type="journal article" year="2014">
Buckley 
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE050DAFC12FE81BA30" box="[251,300,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
. (2014)
</bibRefCitation>
indicated that Powell’s 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE052B1FC13FD47BA30" authorityName="Hutton, Mount" authorityYear="1888" box="[656,746,1008,1034]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE052B1FC13FD47BA30" box="[656,746,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group is monophyletic and not closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE05530FC13FA38BA30" baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1297,1429,1008,1034]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Powelliphanta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hochstetteri">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE05530FC13FA38BA30" box="[1297,1429,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">hochstetteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The last-mentioned study also found that there was a lack of monophyly in mitochondrial COI sequences among Powell’s subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE051BEFBDBFE54BA68" authorityName="Hutton, Mount" authorityYear="1888" box="[415,505,1080,1106]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE051BEFBDBFE54BA68" box="[415,505,1080,1106]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and that only one subspecies, 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE0537DFBDBFAFEBA68" authority="Powell, 1938" authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1938" box="[860,1363,1080,1106]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Powelliphanta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="lignaria" subSpecies="rotella">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE0537DFBDBFB19BA68" box="[860,1204,1080,1106]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Powelliphanta lignaria rotella</emphasis>
Powell, 1938
</taxonomicName>
, had a distinct nuclear genotype as determined from microsatellite data.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="252F36F0FA03FFE050E6FB9CFB26B8B7" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE050E6FB9CFE0BBAA3" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[199,422,1151,1177]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="347 - 367" refId="ref67546" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1949) The Paryphantidae of New Zealand. No. VI. Distribution, hybrids and new species of Paryphanta, Rhytida and Schizoglossa. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 3, 347 - 367." type="journal article" year="1949">Powell (1949: 348)</bibRefCitation>
noted that following the original description there had been no further valid records of 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE050B6FB40FF5CBA87" baseAuthorityName="Hutton" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[151,241,1187,1213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Powelliphanta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE050B6FB40FF5CBA87" box="[151,241,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the vicinity of the Lyell-Mokihinui Saddle. That is apparently still the case, and a brief search carried out during the present study failed to find any snails or empty shells of this species in beech and 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE054DBFB24FA31BADB" box="[1274,1436,1223,1249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Dracophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE054DBFB24FA31BADB" box="[1274,1436,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Dracophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest on and around the saddle. However, surveys over the last few decades have shown that the distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE05098FAEDFCA9BB12" authority="(Powell, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Powell" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[185,772,1294,1320]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Powelliphanta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="lignaria" subSpecies="unicolorata">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE05098FAEDFDE2BB12" box="[185,591,1294,1320]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Powelliphanta lignaria unicolorata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE05240FAEDFD56BB12" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[609,763,1294,1320]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="17 - 56" refId="ref67241" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1930) The Paryphantidae of New Zealand: their hypothetical ancestry, with descriptions of new species and a new genus. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 1, 17 - 56." type="journal article" year="1930">Powell, 1930</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
extends up the Mokihinui River South Branch to within a few kilometers of the Lyell-Mokihinui Saddle (
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE052F0FAD1FC0EBB76" author="Walker, K. J." box="[721,931,1330,1356]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref70029" refString="Walker, K. J. (2003) Recovery plans for Powelliphanta land snails. Threatened Species Recovery Plan 49. Department of Conservation, Wellington, 208 pp." type="book" year="2003">Walker 2003: 121</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 39). Although shells of 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE054CCFAD1FADDBB76" authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1930" box="[1261,1392,1330,1356]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="unicolorata">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE054CCFAD1FADDBB76" box="[1261,1392,1330,1356]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">unicolorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are generally a plain olive-brown in colour, some have irregular, reddish-brown radial streaks matching Hutton’s original description of 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE051B8FA9AFE5EBBA9" baseAuthorityName="Hutton" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[409,499,1401,1427]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Powelliphanta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE051B8FA9AFE5EBBA9" box="[409,499,1401,1427]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g., NMNZ M.77190, M.125507, M.308311, and this, along with the geographic proximity of 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE05113FA7EFE18BB8D" authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1930" box="[306,437,1437,1463]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="unicolorata">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE05113FA7EFE18BB8D" box="[306,437,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">unicolorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the type locality of 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE052E8FA7EFC8EBB8D" baseAuthorityName="Hutton" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[713,803,1437,1463]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Powelliphanta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE052E8FA7EFC8EBB8D" box="[713,803,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, indicates that 
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE053F9FA7EFBFDBB8D" box="[984,1104,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Parphanta</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE0547BFA7EFAD2BB8D" authority="Powell, 1930" authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1930" box="[1114,1407,1437,1463]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="unicolorata">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE0547BFA7EFB70BB8D" box="[1114,1245,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">unicolorata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE054C6FA7EFAD2BB8D" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[1255,1407,1437,1463]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="17 - 56" refId="ref67241" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1930) The Paryphantidae of New Zealand: their hypothetical ancestry, with descriptions of new species and a new genus. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 1, 17 - 56." type="journal article" year="1930">Powell, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is probably a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE05185FA22FC87BBE1" authority="Hutton, 1888" authorityName="Hutton, Mount" authorityYear="1888" box="[420,810,1473,1499]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE05185FA22FD27BBE1" box="[420,650,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Paryphanta lignaria</emphasis>
Hutton, 1888
</taxonomicName>
. If this interpretation is correct a new subspecific name will be required for the population on the coastal range north of Mokihinui River, which was treated as 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE05563FA07FA31BBC4" authorityName="Hutton, Mount" authorityYear="1888" box="[1346,1436,1508,1534]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE05563FA07FA31BBC4" box="[1346,1436,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0CD75799FA03FFE050B6F9EAFE8CB818" box="[151,289,1544,1571]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE05168F9EBFDB5B819" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[329,536,1544,1571]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="347 - 367" refId="ref67546" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1949) The Paryphantidae of New Zealand. No. VI. Distribution, hybrids and new species of Paryphanta, Rhytida and Schizoglossa. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 3, 347 - 367." type="journal article" year="1949">Powell (1949: 350</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE05203F9EBFD3BB819" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[546,662,1544,1571]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref67797" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1979) New Zealand Mollusca: Marine, Land and Freshwater Shells. Collins, Auckland, xiv + 500 pp." type="book" year="1979">1979: 336</bibRefCitation>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE05289F9EBFC17B819" author="Meads, M. J. &amp; Walker, K. J. &amp; Elliott, G. P." box="[680,954,1544,1571]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="277 - 306" refId="ref66186" refString="Meads, M. J., Walker, K. J. &amp; Elliott, G. P. (1984) Status, conservation, and management of the land snails of the genus Powelliphanta (Mollusca: Pulmonata). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 11 (3), 277 - 306. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1984.10428241" type="journal article" year="1984">
Meads 
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE052D8F9EAFC84B818" box="[761,809,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
. (1984: 295)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE053E5F9EBFB3EB818" author="Walker, K. J." box="[964,1171,1544,1570]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref70029" refString="Walker, K. J. (2003) Recovery plans for Powelliphanta land snails. Threatened Species Recovery Plan 49. Department of Conservation, Wellington, 208 pp." type="book" year="2003">Walker (2003: 111</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 35) and others. This eventuality was anticipated by 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE051CEF9CFFD64B87D" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[495,713,1580,1607]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="99 - 136" refId="ref67468" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1946) The Paryphantidae of New Zealand. No. V. Further new species of Paryphanta, Wainuia and Rhytida. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 3, 99 - 136." type="journal article" year="1946">Powell (1946: 106)</bibRefCitation>
, who noted that the identity of 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE05403F9CFFBD1B87C" authorityName="Hutton, Mount" authorityYear="1888" box="[1058,1148,1580,1606]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE05403F9CFFBD1B87C" box="[1058,1148,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
“cannot be finalized until topotypes of Hutton’s species are obtained, but the indications are that …. the Mokihinui-Karamea coastal form will require to be named, my nomination of a 
<collectingRegion id="E754F812FA03FFE05246F997FD76B8B7" box="[615,731,1651,1678]" country="United Kingdom" name="St. Helens" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">St. Helens</collectingRegion>
specimen as 
<typeStatus id="FA2B8852FA03FFE05350F997FC67B8B4" box="[881,970,1652,1678]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
becoming void”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="252F36F0FA03FFE050E6F974FDF7B9B2" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
During the present study a previously unreported population of 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE053AAF974FB83B88B" box="[907,1070,1687,1713]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Powelliphanta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE053AAF974FB83B88B" box="[907,1070,1687,1713]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Powelliphanta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Kawatiri complex of 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE05547F974FF4FB8EF" author="Daly, E. E. &amp; Walker, K. J. &amp; Morgan-Richards, M. &amp; Trewick, S. A." pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="280 - 289" refId="ref59777" refString="Daly, E. E., Walker, K. J., Morgan-Richards, M. &amp; Trewick, S. A. (2019) Spatial genetics of a high elevation lineage of Rhytididae land snails in New Zealand: the Powelliphanta Kawatiri complex. Molluscan Research, 39 (3), 280 - 289. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 13235818.2018.1559914" type="journal article" year="2019">Daly (2019)</bibRefCitation>
was found in alpine shrub-tussockland on the Lyell Range, above the Lyell-Mokihinui Saddle, confirming a prediction by 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE0516DF93CFD86B8C3" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[332,555,1759,1785]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="347 - 367" refId="ref67546" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1949) The Paryphantidae of New Zealand. No. VI. Distribution, hybrids and new species of Paryphanta, Rhytida and Schizoglossa. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 3, 347 - 367." type="journal article" year="1949">Powell (1949: 348)</bibRefCitation>
. The shells differ from Hutton’s description of 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE0546BF93CFB09B8C3" authorityName="Hutton, Mount" authorityYear="1888" box="[1098,1188,1759,1785]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE0546BF93CFB09B8C3" box="[1098,1188,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in their smaller adult size (maximum shell diameter of c. 
<quantity id="E2689B15FA03FFE05216F8E0FD20B927" box="[567,653,1795,1821]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="44.0">44 mm</quantity>
), and smooth, shiny surface on both the spire and base, and may be conspecific with the larger specimen in CMNZ M690. A record of 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE0538EF8C5FAE8B97A" baseAuthorityName="Powell" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[943,1349,1830,1856]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Powelliphanta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="lignaria" subSpecies="unicolorata">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE0538EF8C5FAE8B97A" box="[943,1349,1830,1856]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Powelliphanta lignaria unicolorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
further north on Lyell Range by 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE0518EF8A9FDE6B95E" author="Walker, K. J." box="[431,587,1866,1892]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref70029" refString="Walker, K. J. (2003) Recovery plans for Powelliphanta land snails. Threatened Species Recovery Plan 49. Department of Conservation, Wellington, 208 pp." type="book" year="2003">Walker (2003</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 39) was an error based on misidentification of a species of the Kawatiri complex (K. Walker pers. comm. 2019).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="252F36F0FA03FFE350E6F872FD96BEC2" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2036]" lastBlockId="50.[151,1437,151,463]" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
With regard to 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE0514CF872FDECB991" author="Hutton, F. W." box="[365,577,1937,1963]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="22" refId="ref64552" refString="Hutton, F. W. (1900) Note on Paryphanta lignaria. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 32, 22. [June]" type="journal article" year="1900">Hutton’s (1900: 22</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 2) record of putative 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA03FFE05374F872FB94B991" authorityName="Hutton, Mount" authorityYear="1888" box="[853,1081,1937,1963]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA03FFE05374F872FB94B991" box="[853,1081,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Paryphanta lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Mt Rochfort, it is possible that the illustrated specimen in CMNZ M694 was in fact from this locality as originally stated (i.e., not from the Seddonville area, as suggested by 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA03FFE05238F83AFD4EB9CE" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[537,739,2009,2036]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="347 - 367" refId="ref67546" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1949) The Paryphantidae of New Zealand. No. VI. Distribution, hybrids and new species of Paryphanta, Rhytida and Schizoglossa. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 3, 347 - 367." type="journal article" year="1949">Powell 1949: 352</bibRefCitation>
), and represents a separate taxon that has not been recollected there, and may now be extinct. The shell differs from typical 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA00FFE35317FF74FC14BE8B" authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1930" box="[822,953,151,177]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Paryphanta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="unicolorata">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA00FFE35317FF74FC14BE8B" box="[822,953,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">unicolorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a more elevated spire, and a more rapidly descending final whorl, and in these regards it shows similarities with illustrations of 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA00FFE35481FF59FAEEBEEE" authority="Buller River" authorityName="Buller River" box="[1184,1347,186,212]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Powelliphanta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA00FFE35481FF59FAEEBEEE" box="[1184,1347,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Powelliphanta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
“Buller River” by 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA00FFE3512AFF3DFE72BEC2" author="Walker, K. J." box="[267,479,222,248]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref70029" refString="Walker, K. J. (2003) Recovery plans for Powelliphanta land snails. Threatened Species Recovery Plan 49. Department of Conservation, Wellington, 208 pp." type="book" year="2003">Walker (2003: 130</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 42).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6D8A657BFA00FFE350E6FEE1FE40BF7A" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="252F36F0FA00FFE350E6FEE1FE40BF7A" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,463]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA00FFE350E6FEE1FE06BF26" bold="true" box="[199,427,258,284]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Current taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA00FFE35193FEE1FCF3BF27" ID-CoL="4M88P" authority="(Hutton, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Hutton" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[434,862,258,285]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Powelliphanta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA00FFE35193FEE1FD18BF26" box="[434,693,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Powelliphanta lignaria</emphasis>
(Hutton, 1888)
</taxonomicName>
—after 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA00FFE35399FEE1FB24BF27" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[952,1161,258,285]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="347 - 367" refId="ref67546" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1949) The Paryphantidae of New Zealand. No. VI. Distribution, hybrids and new species of Paryphanta, Rhytida and Schizoglossa. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 3, 347 - 367." type="journal article" year="1949">Powell (1949: 350</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA00FFE354B4FEE1FAA5BF26" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[1173,1288,258,284]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref67797" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1979) New Zealand Mollusca: Marine, Land and Freshwater Shells. Collins, Auckland, xiv + 500 pp." type="book" year="1979">1979: 336</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA00FFE35532FEE1FEA6BF7A" author="Meads, M. J. &amp; Walker, K. J. &amp; Elliott, G. P." pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="277 - 306" refId="ref66186" refString="Meads, M. J., Walker, K. J. &amp; Elliott, G. P. (1984) Status, conservation, and management of the land snails of the genus Powelliphanta (Mollusca: Pulmonata). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 11 (3), 277 - 306. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1984.10428241" type="journal article" year="1984">
Meads 
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA00FFE35544FEE0FA38BF26" box="[1381,1429,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
. 1984: 295
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA00FFE35137FEC5FE4DBF7A" author="Walker, K. J." box="[278,480,294,320]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref70029" refString="Walker, K. J. (2003) Recovery plans for Powelliphanta land snails. Threatened Species Recovery Plan 49. Department of Conservation, Wellington, 208 pp." type="book" year="2003">Walker 2003: 111</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6D8A657BFA00FFE350E6FEAAFC70BFF5" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="252F36F0FA00FFE350E6FEAAFC70BFF5" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,463]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA00FFE350E6FEAAFECCBF59" bold="true" box="[199,353,329,355]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="5D877660FA00FFE3514BFEA9FDA8BF59" box="[362,517,329,356]" name="New Zealand" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
; South Island, northern 
<collectingRegion id="E754F812FA00FFE35338FEA9FC30BF59" box="[793,925,329,356]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">West Coast</collectingRegion>
: local populations of 
<taxonomicName id="E2904D73FA00FFE354B7FEAAFA31BF59" baseAuthorityName="Hutton" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1174,1436,329,355]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Powelliphanta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="lignaria">
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA00FFE354B7FEAAFA31BF59" box="[1174,1436,329,355]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Powelliphanta lignaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0CD75799FA00FFE350B6FE8DFEABBFBD" box="[151,262,365,392]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
are present in the Mokihinui River catchment, in hill country between Ngakawau River and Seddonville Flats, on the coastal range between Mokihinui and Little Wanganui rivers, and in the lower and middle reaches of Karamea River catchment (
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA00FFE351EBFE56FDF1BFF5" author="Powell, A. W. B." box="[458,604,437,463]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="347 - 367" refId="ref67546" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1949) The Paryphantidae of New Zealand. No. VI. Distribution, hybrids and new species of Paryphanta, Rhytida and Schizoglossa. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 3, 347 - 367." type="journal article" year="1949">Powell 1949</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA00FFE35246FE56FC9FBFF5" author="Meads, M. J. &amp; Walker, K. J. &amp; Elliott, G. P." box="[615,818,437,463]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="277 - 306" refId="ref66186" refString="Meads, M. J., Walker, K. J. &amp; Elliott, G. P. (1984) Status, conservation, and management of the land snails of the genus Powelliphanta (Mollusca: Pulmonata). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 11 (3), 277 - 306. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1984.10428241" type="journal article" year="1984">
Meads 
<emphasis id="17E4EAE2FA00FFE35299FE55FD44BFF5" box="[696,745,437,463]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
. 1984
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="41014B01FA00FFE3531CFE56FC7CBFF5" author="Walker, K. J." box="[829,977,437,463]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref70029" refString="Walker, K. J. (2003) Recovery plans for Powelliphanta land snails. Threatened Species Recovery Plan 49. Department of Conservation, Wellington, 208 pp." type="book" year="2003">Walker 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>