treatments-xml/data/4D/59/32/4D5932AD634555D9A748600AF3D206BC.xml
2024-06-21 12:35:58 +02:00

212 lines
19 KiB
XML

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e64e27ad-d280-499e-b19f-0bfe431a4342" ID-GBIF-Taxon="179918072" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2305-2562-1-273" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C1186AD0DB635089AC786F498F7EBFA7" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:501BF871-3C52-4ECE-A0E7-6C6DE695A3AC" ModsDocID="2305-2562-1-273" checkinTime="1614373075776" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Oketch, Dancun A., Kioko, Esther N. &amp; Li, Shuqiang" docDate="2021" docId="4D5932AD634555D9A748600AF3D206BC" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvert 62(1): 273-286" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 62 (1)" docPubDate="2021-02-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963" docTitle="Toxoniella tharaka Oketch &amp; Li 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="501BF871-3C52-4ECE-A0E7-6C6DE695A3AC" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" id="C1186AD0DB635089AC786F498F7EBFA7" lastPageNumber="273" masterDocId="C1186AD0DB635089AC786F498F7EBFA7" masterDocTitle="Three new species of the genus Toxoniella (Araneae, Liocranidae) from Mount Kenya National Park, Kenya" masterLastPageNumber="286" masterPageNumber="273" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" updateTime="1643434428713" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Three new species of the genus Toxoniella (Araneae, Liocranidae) from Mount Kenya National Park, Kenya</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Oketch, Dancun A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China &amp; National Museums of Kenya, Museum Hill, P. O. Box 40658 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya &amp; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kioko, Esther N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>National Museums of Kenya, Museum Hill, P. O. Box 40658 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Li, Shuqiang</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3290-5416</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China &amp; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">lisq@ioz.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-02-26</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>62</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>273</mods:start>
<mods:end>286</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2305-2562-1-273</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">C1186AD0DB635089AC786F498F7EBFA7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2FE0967A-DF6C-4738-88A2-48B36640C07B</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="179918072" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:501BF871-3C52-4ECE-A0E7-6C6DE695A3AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D5932AD634555D9A748600AF3D206BC" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="273" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/501BF871-3C52-4ECE-A0E7-6C6DE695A3AC" authority="Oketch &amp; Li" authorityName="Oketch &amp; Li" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Toxoniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxoniella tharaka" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tharaka" status="sp. nov.">Toxoniella tharaka Oketch &amp; Li</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="273">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Toxoniella tharaka sp. nov., habitus, female paratype (A-C) and male holotype (D-F) A, D dorsal B, E ventral C, F lateral. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/514243" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Figs 1A-F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Toxoniella tharaka sp. nov., epigyne, female paratype A ventral B dorsal. Abbreviations: CDS cul de sac, EG epigynal groove, FD fertilization duct, SP spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/514244" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">, 2A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Toxoniella tharaka sp. nov., right palp, male holotype A dorso-retrolateral showing the RTA B ventral C prolateral. Abbreviations: E embolus, MA median apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA tegular apophysis. Scale bar: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/514245" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">, 3A-C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="273" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Holotype</emphasis>
Kenya • ♂; Tharaka Nithi County, Chogoria Town, Mount Kenya National Park, Chogoria Forest (bamboo vegetation);
<geoCoordinate degrees="00.1896" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-0.1896">00.1896°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="37.4717" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="37.4717">37.4717°E</geoCoordinate>
; 2601 m; 20 August 2018; Oketch A.D. &amp; Kioko G. leg.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Paratypes</emphasis>
Kenya • 4 ♂, 3 ♀; same data as holotype.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/514243" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oketch &amp; Li" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Toxoniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxoniella tharaka" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tharaka">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Toxoniella tharaka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., habitus, female paratype (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">A-C</emphasis>
) and male holotype (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">D-F</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">A, D</emphasis>
dorsal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">B, E</emphasis>
ventral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">C, F</emphasis>
lateral. Scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="273" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Other material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
Kenya • 1 ♂, 4 ♀; Nakuru County, Lake Nakuru National Park, Nganyoi KWS Camp;
<geoCoordinate degrees="00.4903" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-0.4903">00.4903°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="036.1858" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="36.1858">036.1858°E</geoCoordinate>
; 1856 m; 11 August 2018; Kioko G. &amp; Joshua S. leg.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="273" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
Males of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oketch &amp; Li" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Toxoniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxoniella tharaka" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tharaka">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Toxoniella tharaka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. resemble
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. taitensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" rank="species" species="taitensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">T. taitensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. rogoae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" rank="species" species="rogoae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">T. rogoae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in general appearance but differ from both by having a short, blunt, slightly slanted RTA and a claw-like embolus. The epigyne resembles that of
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. rogoae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" rank="species" species="rogoae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">T. rogoae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having short cul de sacs but differs by having anteriorly directed cul de sacs (laterally directed in
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. rogoae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" rank="species" species="rogoae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">T. rogoae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and a wider epigynal groove (closed medially in
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. rogoae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" rank="species" species="rogoae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">T. rogoae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Additionally, the new species has a medially invaginated anterior epigynal margin instead of a smoothly recurved epigynal margin found in both
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. taitensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" rank="species" species="taitensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">T. taitensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. rogoae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" rank="species" species="rogoae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">T. rogoae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Toxoniella tharaka sp. nov., epigyne, female paratype A ventral B dorsal. Abbreviations: CDS cul de sac, EG epigynal groove, FD fertilization duct, SP spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/514244" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">2A, B</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1636/0161-8202(2002)030[0307:TFGAFE]2.0.CO;2" author="Warui, C" journalOrPublisher="Harley Books, Colchester" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" refId="B8" refString="Warui, C, Jocque, R, 2002. The first Gallieniellidae (Araneae) from Eastern Africa. The Journal of Arachnology 30(2): 307-315. https://doi.org/10.1636/0161-8202(2002)030[0307:TFGAFE]2.0.CO;2" title="The first Gallieniellidae (Araneae) from Eastern Africa. The Journal of Arachnology 30 (2): 307 - 315." url="https://doi.org/10.1636/0161-8202(2002)030[0307:TFGAFE]2.0.CO;2" year="2002">
Warui and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jocqué">Jocque</normalizedToken>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
, figs 4-6, 11, 12).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/514244" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oketch &amp; Li" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Toxoniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxoniella tharaka" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tharaka">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Toxoniella tharaka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., epigyne, female paratype
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">A</emphasis>
ventral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">B</emphasis>
dorsal. Abbreviations: CDS cul de sac, EG epigynal groove, FD fertilization duct, SP spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="273" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Male.</emphasis>
Total length 4.59. Carapace 2.60 long, 1.73 wide, yellowish brown with lines of grey setae radiating from fovea. Fovea thin, dark brown, longitudinal. Clypeus about two times the diameter of AME. All eyes have a dark ring around each of them. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME: 0.16, ALE: 0.12, PME: 0.10 and PLE: 0.12, AME-AME: 0.04, AME-ALE: 0.03, MOQ: AW: 0.15, PW: 0.18, Length: 0.18. Chelicerae elongated, brown, reddish orange in some areas. Sternum longer than wide, heart shaped, brown with conspicuous pre-coxal triangles and sparse setae. Labium longer than wide and colored as sternum. Endites longer than wide, about twice the length of labrum. Dorsally, abdomen with grey setae, reddish anteriorly, two pairs of brown sigilla and small brown dots fading towards spinnerets. Venter pale yellowish brown with mottling. Leg measurements: I 7.04 (1.90, 0.85, 1.82, 1.37, 1.10), II 6.06 (1.60, 1.00, 1.40, 1.16, 0.90), III 4.20 (0.68, 0.60, 1.12, 1.10, 0.70), IV 7.14 (1.90, 1.00, 1.50, 1.70, 1.04). Tibiae, metatarsi, and tarsi of anterior leg pairs have long, curved setae (trichobothria) dorsally that increase in length distally. The tarsi bases have 5-6 pairs of slender tenant setae. Leg spination I: P-T v1-2-2 Mt v2-2-1; II: P-T v1-1-2 Mt v2-2; III: F P-T pl2, d2, rl2, v2-2-1 Mt 11; IV: F pl1, d1, rl1 P v1 T pl2, d1, rl2, v2-2-2. Palp as in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Toxoniella tharaka sp. nov., right palp, male holotype A dorso-retrolateral showing the RTA B ventral C prolateral. Abbreviations: E embolus, MA median apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA tegular apophysis. Scale bar: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/514245" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">3A-C</figureCitation>
. Moderately elongated with blunt, stout, and slightly slanted RTA. Sperm duct U-shaped in ventral view. Embolus claw-like, tegulum apically membranous. Median apophysis small.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/514245" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oketch &amp; Li" authorityYear="2021" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Toxoniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toxoniella tharaka" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tharaka">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Toxoniella tharaka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., right palp, male holotype
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">A</emphasis>
dorso-retrolateral showing the RTA
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">B</emphasis>
ventral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">C</emphasis>
prolateral. Abbreviations: E embolus, MA median apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA tegular apophysis. Scale bar: 0.25 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Female</emphasis>
coloration as in male, with abdomen slightly darker. General body appearance as in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Toxoniella tharaka sp. nov., habitus, female paratype (A-C) and male holotype (D-F) A, D dorsal B, E ventral C, F lateral. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/514243" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">1A-C</figureCitation>
. Total length 5.72. Carapace 2.86 long, 1.93 wide between leg pairs II and III, pale yellow-brown, narrow at pars cephalica. Fovea as in male. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME: 0.17, ALE: 0.12, PME: 0.10 and PLE: 0.12, AME-AME: 0.04, AME-ALE: 0.03, MOQ: AW: 0.16, PW: 0.18, Length: 0.18. Chelicerae and sternum as in males. Leg measurements: I 6.40 (1.80, 0.80, 1.60, 1.20, 1.00), II 6.12 (1.40, 0.80, 1.20, 0.92, 0.80), III 4.90 (1.30, 0.60, 0.90, 1.10, 1.00), IV 7.20 (1.80, 0.90, 1.60, 1.80, 1.10). Long, curved setae dorsally on anterior leg pairs, and tenent setae as in males. Leg spination I: P-T v0-2-2 Mt v2-2-2; II: P-T v0-1-2 Mt v2-2; III: F P-T pl2, d2, rl2, v2-2-1 Mt 10; IV: P v1 T pl2, d1, rl2, v2-2-2. Epigyne (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Toxoniella tharaka sp. nov., epigyne, female paratype A ventral B dorsal. Abbreviations: CDS cul de sac, EG epigynal groove, FD fertilization duct, SP spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62963.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/514244" pageId="0" pageNumber="273">2A, B</figureCitation>
) sclerotized, yellowish brown and medially invaginated on the anterior epigynal margin. Median groove wide, separating two pairs of globular spermathecae. Spermathecae outline visible through the epigynal plate. Cul de sacs are short.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="273" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">The species is named after type locality; noun in apposition.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="273" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="273">Only known from Kenya.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>