512 lines
58 KiB
XML
512 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document id="3294809416465BAC9CB56375FBEA3153" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.188479" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3fbfd24c-bee3-4bd4-abd1-4676eb74601d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="188479" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461093854940" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Aukema, Berend, Schwartz, Michael D. & Bieman, Kees Den" docDate="2009" docId="412687C25321FFFEFF6DFB205E48FDC3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02135p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2135" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Tropidosteptes pacificus Van Duzee" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="BD1FFFBA5321FFFDFFFAFF895D51FF8C" masterDocTitle="Tropidosteptes pacificus (Van Duzee, 1921), another Nearctic mirid in Europe (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="65" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1698588711878" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="F24A207B590646913CFE3BBB6DAE1713" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="51959D303854003831B75E855AEDA618">
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<mods:title id="FD2DAEA8F22E87E368E12FC01B065F0C">Tropidosteptes pacificus (Van Duzee, 1921), another Nearctic mirid in Europe (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AC572AABF939570CFE34AC396A90DACF">Aukema, Berend</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="4082B3360270244212E1F007C98B00CE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D970E0115EA1F70F54E969B78AC48512">Schwartz, Michael D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="074AF2DB3C48F303237A5DE561BF569A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C2A037B6E69985C25779202C4DCDDBBD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="25648829C979A6A330ECB7F76ADFEF23">Bieman, Kees Den</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="36D8FE3E5B8717A24CB98974B635E397">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="C9FC62ABE89AFC22DAE4B97C5AA20AED">
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<mods:title id="20BA5B9DAD1B245568B3397573098A50">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8775042FA1AFF1D36CC9196E68C5A194">
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<mods:date id="9D2D3A23D1E0DFFB37E6FD9901DCFCB5">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="CFBCE15B5DCE3BF837D1051EDAFB9660" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="48BC995DC360D53A4B05B66E282C47B9">2135</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="4DFA38004E19006055EB1ADC9349159B">65</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="1E5C277E7A77E47E77254B5748BA6DF0" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.188479</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="52885EE39ACA0858AD4B7980C7969295" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="412687C25321FFFEFF6DFB205E48FDC3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6215183" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119619981" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6215183" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:412687C25321FFFEFF6DFB205E48FDC3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/412687C25321FFFEFF6DFB205E48FDC3" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<subSubSection id="8195655F5321FFFDFF6DFB205F60FB4D" box="[151,561,1193,1217]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C93036D45321FFFDFF6DFB205F60FB4D" blockId="0.[151,561,1193,1217]" box="[151,561,1193,1217]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<heading id="927881B85321FFFDFF6DFB205F60FB4D" bold="true" box="[151,561,1193,1217]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575321FFFDFF6DFB205F60FB4D" ID-CoL="59CGM" authority="Van Duzee" authorityName="Van Duzee" box="[151,561,1193,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tropidosteptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
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<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65321FFFDFF6DFB205F60FB4D" bold="true" box="[151,561,1193,1217]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65321FFFDFF6DFB205CCEFB4D" bold="true" box="[151,415,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Tropidosteptes pacificus</emphasis>
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(Van Duzee)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8195655F5321FFFDFF6DFB645C34FA0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C93036D45321FFFDFF6DFB645C62FACF" blockId="0.[151,1436,1260,1411]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="E99F11FA5321FFFDFF6DFB645C62FACF" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575321FFFDFF6DFB645F69FA8F" ID-CoL="7KF56" authority="Parshley, 1921: 20" authorityName="Parshley" authorityPageNumber="20" authorityYear="1921" box="[151,568,1260,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Neoborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoenus">
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<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65321FFFDFF6DFB645C35FA88" box="[151,356,1261,1284]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Neoborus amoenus</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="482E10C55321FFFDFE88FB655F69FA8F" author="Parshley" box="[370,568,1260,1283]" page="20" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" year="1921">
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<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255321FFFDFE88FB655F43FA8F" author="Parshley" box="[370,530,1260,1283]" pageId="0" pageNumber="68" refString="Parshley, H. M. (1921) A report on some Hemiptera from British Columbia. Proceedings of the Entomology Society of British Columbia, 18, 13 - 24." type="journal article" year="1921">Parshley, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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: 20
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(note);
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<treatmentCitation id="482E10C55321FFFDFD76FB655E1EFA8F" author="Downes" box="[652,847,1260,1283]" page="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" year="1927">
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<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255321FFFDFD76FB655E78FA8F" author="Downes" box="[652,809,1260,1283]" pageId="0" pageNumber="68" refString="Downes, W. (1927) A preliminary list of the Heteroptera and Homoptera of British Columbia. Proceedings of the Entomology Society of British Columbia, 23, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1927">Downes, 1927</bibRefCitation>
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: 13
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</treatmentCitation>
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(list).
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<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575321FFFDFF6DFA845F0BFAAF" authority="Van Duzee, 1921: 121" authorityName="Van Duzee" authorityPageNumber="121" authorityYear="1921" box="[151,602,1292,1316]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Neoborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
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<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65321FFFDFF6DFA845C34FAA8" box="[151,357,1293,1316]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Neoborus pacificus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="482E10C55321FFFDFE96FA855F0BFAAF" author="Van" box="[364,602,1292,1315]" page="121" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" year="1921">
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<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255321FFFDFE96FA855F76FAAF" author="Van" box="[364,551,1292,1315]" pageId="0" pageNumber="68" refString="Van Duzee, E. P. (1921) Characters of some new species of North American hemipterous insects, with one new genus. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (4), 11, 111 - 134." type="journal article" year="1921">Van Duzee, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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: 121
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="163488765321FFFDFD92FA855FC6FAAF" box="[616,663,1292,1315]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">type</typeStatus>
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locality: Corvallis, Oregon,
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<collectingCountry id="B19876445321FFFDFC30FA855955FAAF" box="[970,1028,1292,1315]" name="United States of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">USA</collectingCountry>
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);
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<treatmentCitation id="482E10C55321FFFDFBEDFA855992FAAF" author="Slater" box="[1047,1219,1292,1315]" page="20" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" year="1950">
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<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255321FFFDFBEDFA8559CAFAAF" author="Slater" box="[1047,1179,1292,1315]" pageId="0" pageNumber="68" refString="Slater, J. A. (1950) An investigation of the female genitalia as taxonomic characters in the Miridae (Hemiptera). Iowa State College Journal of Science, 25, 1 - 81." type="journal article" year="1950">Slater, 1950</bibRefCitation>
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: 20
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 1, fig. 8 (female genitalia).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C93036D45321FFFDFF6DFAC45C34FA0F" blockId="0.[151,1436,1260,1411]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="E99F11FA5321FFFDFF6DFAC45C34FA0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575321FFFDFF6DFAC45FE7FAEF" ID-CoL="59CGM" authority="Wheeler and Henry, 1974" authorityName="Wheeler and Henry" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,694,1356,1380]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tropidosteptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
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<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65321FFFDFF6DFAC45CC8FAE8" box="[151,409,1357,1380]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Tropidosteptes pacificus</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255321FFFDFE5DFAC55FE7FAEF" author="Wheeler" box="[423,694,1356,1379]" pageId="0" pageNumber="68" refString="Wheeler, A. G. Jr. & Henry, T. J. (1974) Tropidosteptes pacificus, a western ash plant bug introduced into Pennsylvania with nursery stock (Hemiptera: Miridae). United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative Economic Insect Report, 24, 588 - 589." type="journal article" year="1974">Wheeler and Henry, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(biology);
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<treatmentCitation id="482E10C55321FFFDFCD7FAC559C1FAEF" author="Schwartz" box="[813,1168,1356,1379]" page="255" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" year="2000">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255321FFFDFCD7FAC5590EFAEF" author="Schwartz" box="[813,1119,1356,1379]" pageId="0" pageNumber="68" refString="Schwartz, M. D. & Scudder, G. G. E. (2000) Miridae (Heteroptera) new to Canada, with some taxonomic changes. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 108, 248 - 267." type="journal article" year="2000">Schwartz and Scudder, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: 255
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</treatmentCitation>
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(discussion);
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<treatmentCitation id="482E10C55321FFFDFADFFAC55C74FA0F" author="Maw" page="14" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255321FFFDFADFFAC55C51FA0F" author="Maw" pageId="0" pageNumber="68" refString="Maw, H. E. L., Foottit, R. G., Hamilton, K. G. A. & Scudder, G. G. E. (2000) Checklist of the Hemiptera of Canada and Alaska. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 220 pp." type="book" year="2000">Maw et al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: 14
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</treatmentCitation>
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(list).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8195655F5321FFFCFF6DFA265EABF850" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="C93036D45321FFFDFF6DFA26595FF9FF" blockId="0.[151,1437,1455,2033]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65321FFFDFF6DFA265C56FA4B" bold="true" box="[151,263,1455,1479]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Recognized by uniform pale green to pale reddish brown coloration with dark brown spot on each callus, variable, dispersed, short dark stripes on the distal lateral portion of the femora, and “knee” spot at base of tibia, the densely punctate dorsum, especially on the periphery and midline of the frons and on the pronotum including between and anterior of the calli, the impuncate collar, and the genitalia. With European
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<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575321FFFDFC09F99E5966F9A2" box="[1011,1079,1559,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Mirini">Mirini</taxonomicName>
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keys (
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<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255321FFFDFB84F99E586EF9A2" author="Southwood" box="[1150,1343,1559,1582]" pageId="0" pageNumber="68" refString="Southwood, T. R. E. & Leston, D. (1959) Land and water bugs of the British Isles. Warne, London, xi, 436 pp." type="book" year="1959">Southwood, 1959</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255321FFFDFAB1F99E5D81F9DD" author="Stichel" pageId="0" pageNumber="68" refString="Stichel, W. (1958) Illustrierte Bestimmungstabellen der Wanzen. II. Europa. (Hemiptera-Heteroptera Europae) 2. Stichel, Berlin-Hermsdorf, pp. 705 - 907." type="journal article" year="1958">Stichel, 1958</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255321FFFDFF26F9B35C22F9DD" author="Wagner" box="[220,371,1594,1617]" pageId="0" pageNumber="68" refString="Wagner, E. (1974) Die Miridae Hahn, 1831, des Mittelmeerraumes und der Makaronesischen Inseln (Hemiptera, Heteroptera), Teil 1. Entomologische Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Staatlichen Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 37, Suppl. (1970 - 1971), i - ii, 1 - 484." type="journal article" year="1974">Wagner, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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) it runs to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575321FFFDFDA6F9B35EDDF9DD" authority="Reuter, 1896" authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1896" box="[604,908,1594,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Camptozygum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65321FFFDFDA6F9B35FA7F9DD" box="[604,758,1594,1617]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Camptozygum</emphasis>
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Reuter, 1896
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</taxonomicName>
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, from which it can be easily distinguished by its coloration given above, the short distance between the calli, and the male genitalia.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="C93036D45321FFFCFF3FF9F65E44FF23" blockId="0.[151,1437,1455,2033]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65321FFFDFF3FF9F65C32F91B" bold="true" box="[197,355,1663,1687]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Redescription</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65321FFFDFE8BF9F65CF9F91A" box="[369,424,1663,1686]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Male</emphasis>
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||
(Fig. 1). Coloration: Uniform pale green to pale reddish brown, sometimes with diffuse brown markings; head with apex of clypeus dark brown, sometimes more extensive mark on clypeus and centrally on mandibular plate; first antennal segment pale yellow, often with a longitudinal brown streak dorsally, sometimes brown; second segment usually all brown, third and fourth segments dark brown, narrowly pale at joints; labium pale green to pale reddish brown with apex black. Pronotum uniform pale green to pale reddish brown; each callus with central dark brown spot; collar and posterior margin pale yellow; mesoscutum pale green to pale yellow; scutellum pale green to pale yellow with side margins and tip yellowish, sometimes with diffuse brown pair of bilateral marks. Hemelytra uniform pale green to pale yellow, sometimes corium widely brown apically; membrane pale with veins pale green to pale yellow, sometimes base of anal vein and membrane distal to large areole dusky brown. Legs pale yellow; femora usually with two brown subapical bars dorsally; tibiae brown basally, often with short brown dash dorsally in basal half; last tarsomere apically dark brown. Venter pale green to pale reddish brown; thoracic pleura dorsally reddish brown to brown. Surface and vestiture: Dorsum closely and coarsely
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFF335E47FF5D" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,790,186,209]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">punctate; with dense, short, golden, decumbent vestiture;</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFF545E44FF78" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,789,221,244]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">antennal segment I glabrous, other segments with both short</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFE895E47FE9B" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,790,256,279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">and long semidecumbent setae. Head ventral to antennal</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFEAB5E47FEB5" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,790,290,313]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">insertion, frons laterally, and temporal areas smooth,</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFECC5E47FED0" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,790,325,348]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">otherwise closely punctate. Pronotum strongly punctate;</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFEE15E47FEF3" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,790,360,383]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">punctate between calli and collar; calli and collar</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFE035E46FE2D" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,791,394,417]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">impunctate; scutellum closely punctate with apex less</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFE245E44FE48" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,789,429,452]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">punctate; hemelytra strongly punctate. Structure:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFE595E47FE6B" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,790,464,487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Moderately large, obovate. Head short and vertical,</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFE7B5E47FD85" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,790,498,521]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">transverse basal carina distinct; eyes large and prominent,</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFD9C5E47FDA0" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,790,533,556]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">projecting well beyond pronotal anterior angle; antennal</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFDB15E47FDC3" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,790,568,591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">segment about half width of scutellum, antennal segment I</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFDD35E46FDFD" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,791,602,625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">slender; labium reaching to hind coxae, first segment</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFDF45E47FD18" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,790,637,660]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">swollen. Pronotum trapeziform, collar prominent, lateral</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFD295E44FD3B" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,789,672,695]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">margins of pronotum rounded or carinate; ostiolar peritreme</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFD4B5E47FD55" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,790,706,729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">large. Male genitalia (Figs 2–5): genital segment without</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFD6C5E47FD70" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,790,741,764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">tubercles dorsal to paramere insertions; phallotheca with</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFC815E47FC93" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,790,776,799]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">well sclerotized, prominent flange projection from right</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFCA35E47FCCD" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,790,810,833]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">dorsal margin; endosoma with ductus seminis expanded</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFCC45E47FCE8" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,790,845,868]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">subdistally, secondary gonopore wide, oval, large trough</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFCF95E47FC0B" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,790,880,903]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">distal to secondary gonopore deep and forming apex of</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFC1B5E47FC25" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,790,914,937]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">broad basal process left of secondary gonopore; spinose</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFC3C5E47FC40" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,790,949,972]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">spicule right of secondary gonopore, straight and longer</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFC515E47FC63" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,790,984,1007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">than membrane; left paramere sparsely setose, sensory lobe</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFC735E47FB9D" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,790,1018,1041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">moderately prominent, steep-sided, apex narrow pointed;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFB945E44FBB8" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,789,1053,1076]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">right paramere elongate, slightly thickened medially, apex</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFBC95C1EFBDB" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,335,1088,1111]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">small, glaborous.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF3FFBEB5E47FBF5" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[197,790,1122,1145]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Measurements: (n = 2; average and range in mm): Total</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFB0C5E47FB10" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,790,1157,1180]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">length 4.75 (4.30–5.10); width 1.84 (1.73–2.00). Head</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFB215E46FB33" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,791,1192,1215]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">width 1.05 (1.00–1.07); vertex width 0.45 (0.42–0.48).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFB435E47FB6D" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,790,1226,1249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Length of antennal segment I, 0.41 (0.37–0.47); II, 1.10</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFB645E46FA88" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,791,1261,1284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">(1.00–1.38); III, 0.42 (0.37–0.47); IV, 0.34 (0.33–0.37).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFA995E47FAAB" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" box="[151,790,1296,1319]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Labium length 1.43 (1.35–1.53). Pronotal width 1.67</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF6DFABB5FAAFA03" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
|
||
(1.53–1.77). Note: measurements of the two males collected
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65320FFFCFCDEFAB35EC2FAC2" bold="true" box="[804,915,1338,1358]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575320FFFCFBC6FAB258C0FAC2" authority="Van Duzee" authorityName="Van Duzee" box="[1084,1425,1338,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tropidosteptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65320FFFCFBC6FAB25848FAC2" box="[1084,1305,1339,1358]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Tropidosteptes pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
(Van Duzee)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B19876445320FFFCFF48FADC5C32FAE0" box="[178,355,1365,1388]" name="Netherlands" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">The Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
fully match these measurements. from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B19876445320FFFCFCAFFADE5EB5FAE7" box="[853,996,1367,1387]" name="Netherlands" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Photo: Theodoor Heijerman, Wageningen).
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65320FFFCFF3FFAF15C44FA03" box="[197,277,1400,1423]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Female</emphasis>
|
||
: As in male except body larger, vertex wider.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF3FFA135F36F995" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
|
||
Coloration: Antennal segment II yellow basally and with up to apical third dark brown. Thoracic pleura dorsally less reddish brown to brown than in male; abdominal sterna often with fuscous C–shaped marks laterally. Structure: Abdomen flattened. Female genitalia: sclerotized rings as documented in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255320FFFCFC56FA695969FA7B" author="Slater" box="[940,1080,1504,1527]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" refString="Slater, J. A. (1950) An investigation of the female genitalia as taxonomic characters in the Miridae (Hemiptera). Iowa State College Journal of Science, 25, 1 - 81." type="journal article" year="1950">Slater (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575320FFFCFB9FFA695863FA7B" authority="Uhler" authorityName="Uhler" box="[1125,1330,1504,1527]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tropidosteptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cardinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65320FFFCFB9FFA695923FA7B" box="[1125,1138,1504,1527]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65320FFFCFB7AFA6959BAFA7B" box="[1152,1259,1504,1527]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">cardinalis</emphasis>
|
||
Uhler
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; posterior wall illustrated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255320FFFCFEA2F98B5F32F995" author="Slater" box="[344,611,1538,1561]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" refString="Slater, J. A. (1950) An investigation of the female genitalia as taxonomic characters in the Miridae (Hemiptera). Iowa State College Journal of Science, 25, 1 - 81." type="journal article" year="1950">Slater (1950; pl.1, fig. 8)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF3FF9AC5C4AF928" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Measurements: (n = 10; average and range in mm): Total length 4.70 (4.40–5.80); width 2.12 (2.00–2.30). Head width 0.99 (0.97–1.02); vertex width 0.53 (0.50–0.55). Length of antennal segment I, 0.43 (0.42–0.43); II, 1.14 (1.07–1.20); III, 0.42 (0.40–0.43); IV, 0.33 (0.30–0.33). Labium length 1.35 (1.33–1.37). pronotum width 1.56 (1.50–1.60).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45320FFFCFF3FF9265EABF850" blockId="1.[151,1438,152,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65320FFFCFF3FF9265CE1F94B" bold="true" box="[197,432,1711,1735]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Specimens examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65320FFFCFE44F9265E5EF94B" bold="true" box="[446,783,1711,1735]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B19876445320FFFCFE44F9265F67F94B" box="[446,566,1711,1735]" name="Canada" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">CANADA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B19876445320FFFCFD6FF9265E5BF94B" box="[661,778,1711,1735]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Victoria [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACBB50135320FFFCFC82F9395EAFF94B" box="[888,1022,1711,1735]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" precision="1" value="48.43333">48.43333°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACBB50135320FFFCFBFFF9395928F94B" box="[1029,1145,1711,1735]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" precision="555" value="-123.35">123.35°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="BD3110145320FFFCFB70F9395841F94B" box="[1162,1296,1712,1735]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" value="1927-10-10">10 Oct 1927</date>
|
||
, W. Downes,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575320FFFCFF6DF95B5DABF965" box="[151,250,1746,1769]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65320FFFCFF6DF95B5DABF965" box="[151,250,1746,1769]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Fraxinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575320FFFCFECAF95B5CCBF965" box="[304,410,1746,1769]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Oleaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), 3Ψ(CNCI);
|
||
<date id="BD3110145320FFFCFDCAF95B5FE5F965" box="[560,692,1746,1769]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" value="1931-07-10">10 Jul 1931</date>
|
||
, W. H. A. Preece,
|
||
<specimenCount id="DF89FD5D5320FFFCFC7BF95B5EF0F968" box="[897,929,1746,1769]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 5Ψ (CNC).
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65320FFFCFBCAF95B58CDF966" bold="true" box="[1072,1436,1746,1770]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B19876445320FFFCFBCAF95B593AF966" box="[1072,1131,1746,1770]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: California:
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65320FFFCFAFBF95B58CDF966" bold="true" box="[1281,1436,1746,1770]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Alameda Co.:</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Oakland Hills [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACBB50135320FFFCFEC6F97C5CE6F880" box="[316,439,1780,1804]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" precision="5" value="37.7581">37.7581°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACBB50135320FFFCFE44F97C5F1FF880" box="[446,590,1780,1804]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" precision="5" value="-122.1204">122.1204°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="BD3110145320FFFCFD9BF97C5FA5F880" box="[609,756,1781,1804]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" value="1950-05-21">21 May 1950</date>
|
||
, W. F. Barr,
|
||
<specimenCount id="DF89FD5D5320FFFCFC84F97C5ECCF88A" box="[894,925,1780,1804]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(CNCI).
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65320FFFCFBFFF97C59FDF881" bold="true" box="[1029,1196,1781,1805]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Humboldt Co.:</emphasis>
|
||
Shively [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACBB50135320FFFCFAEEF97C58CDF880" box="[1300,1436,1780,1804]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" precision="1" value="40.43083">40.43083°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACBB50135320FFFCFF6DF8915C65F8A3" box="[151,308,1815,1839]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" precision="1" value="-123.96861">123.96861°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="BD3110145320FFFCFEBCF8915C9CF8A3" box="[326,461,1816,1839]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" value="1959-06-19">19 Jun 1959</date>
|
||
, Kelton and Madge, 2Ψ (CNCI).
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65320FFFCFCC2F8915EB1F8BC" bold="true" box="[824,992,1816,1840]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Tuolumne Co.:</emphasis>
|
||
Oakland Recreation Camp [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACBB50135320FFFCFAEEF89158CDF8A3" box="[1300,1436,1815,1839]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" precision="1" value="38.00222">38.00222°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACBB50135320FFFCFF6DF8B35C15F8DD" box="[151,324,1850,1874]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" precision="1" value="-120.13611">120.13611°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="BD3110145320FFFCFEA3F8B35CBBF8DD" box="[345,490,1850,1873]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" value="1928-07-20">20 Jul 1928</date>
|
||
, R. L. Usinger,
|
||
<specimenCount id="DF89FD5D5320FFFCFD54F8B35F9FF8C0" box="[686,718,1850,1873]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 3Ψ (CNCI).
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65320FFFCFC8DF8B3592EF8DE" bold="true" box="[887,1151,1850,1874]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
|
||
Oregon:
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65320FFFCFC13F8B3592EF8DE" bold="true" box="[1001,1151,1850,1874]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Benton Co.:</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Corvallis [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACBB50135320FFFCFAFDF8B358CFF8DD" box="[1287,1438,1850,1874]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" precision="1" value="44.56472">44.56472°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACBB50135320FFFCFF6DF8D45C63F8F8" box="[151,306,1884,1908]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" precision="1" value="-123.26083">123.26083°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="BD3110145320FFFCFEBEF8D45C99F8F8" box="[324,456,1885,1908]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" value="1925-06-20">20 Jun 1925</date>
|
||
, W. Downes, 3Ψ;
|
||
<date id="BD3110145320FFFCFD72F8D45E49F8F8" box="[648,792,1885,1908]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" value="1941-05-15">15 May 1941</date>
|
||
, Schuh and Gray,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575320FFFCFC23F8D4596BF8F8" box="[985,1082,1885,1908]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65320FFFCFC23F8D4596BF8F8" box="[985,1082,1885,1908]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Fraxinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575320FFFCFB96F8D45982F8F8" box="[1132,1235,1885,1908]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Oleaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), 1Ψ (CNCI).
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65320FFFCFA90F8D45D99F814" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Polk Co.:</emphasis>
|
||
Independence [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACBB50135320FFFCFE83F8095F57F81B" box="[377,518,1919,1943]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" precision="1" value="44.85139">44.85139°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ACBB50135320FFFCFDF4F8095FE0F81B" box="[526,689,1919,1943]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" precision="1" value="-123.18556">123.18556°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 0
|
||
<date id="BD3110145320FFFCFD29F8095E1AF81B" box="[723,843,1920,1943]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" value="1934-07-03">3 Jul 1934</date>
|
||
, N. P. Larson, 1Ψ (CNCI).
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65320FFFCFB85F8F65C81F836" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B19876445320FFFCFB85F8F658C9F81B" box="[1151,1432,1919,1943]" name="Netherlands" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">THE NETHERLANDS</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65320FFFCFF6DF82B5C81F836" bold="true" box="[151,464,1954,1978]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Province of Noord-Brabant:</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Chaam, Nature Reserve Chaamse Beek,
|
||
<date id="BD3110145320FFFCFC76F82B5943F835" box="[908,1042,1954,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" value="2007-06-15">15 Jun 2007</date>
|
||
, K. den Bieman,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575320FFFCFB34F82B58C4F835" box="[1230,1429,1954,1977]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsior">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65320FFFCFB34F82B58C4F835" box="[1230,1429,1954,1977]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Fraxinus excelsior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="DF89FD5D5320FFFCFF6DF84C5DE7F85A" box="[151,182,1988,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(K. den Bieman);
|
||
<date id="BD3110145320FFFCFE87F84C5F53F850" box="[381,514,1989,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" value="2008-06-20">20 Jun 2008</date>
|
||
, K. den Bieman,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575320FFFCFD41F84C5E65F850" box="[699,820,1989,2012]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsior">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65320FFFCFD41F84C5E65F850" box="[699,820,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">F. excelsior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="DF89FD5D5320FFFCFCBBF84C5E31F85A" box="[833,864,1988,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(B. Aukema).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8195655F5323FFFFFF6DFB185EC1FB2A" box="[151,912,1169,1190]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45323FFFFFF6DFB185EC1FB2A" blockId="2.[151,912,1169,1190]" box="[151,912,1169,1190]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFF6DFB185C66FB2A" bold="true" box="[151,311,1169,1190]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">FIGURES. 2–5.</emphasis>
|
||
2. Endosoma. 3, 4. Left paramere. 5. Right paramere,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B19876445323FFFFFCB8FB185EDCFB2A" box="[834,909,1169,1190]" name="Canada" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8195655F5323FFFFFF3CFB7A5C50F942" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45323FFFFFF3CFB7A597AFAFF" blockId="2.[151,1438,1267,2019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFF3CFB7A5C00FA87" bold="true" box="[198,337,1267,1291]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. In North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B19876445323FFFFFE39FB7D5F4EFA87" box="[451,543,1268,1291]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
from British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B19876445323FFFFFD49FB7D5E4DFA87" box="[691,796,1268,1291]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
south in the Pacific northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B19876445323FFFFFB74FB7D584CFA87" box="[1166,1309,1268,1291]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
to northern California. The records from Arizona and Utah reported in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255323FFFFFCF0FA9E5976FAA2" author="Henry" box="[778,1063,1303,1326]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Wheeler, A. G. Jr. & Henry, T. J. (1974) Tropidosteptes pacificus, a western ash plant bug introduced into Pennsylvania with nursery stock (Hemiptera: Miridae). United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative Economic Insect Report, 24, 588 - 589." type="journal article" year="1974">Henry and Wheeler (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
should be confirmed in light of the discussion below. Reported as introduced into Pennsylvania with nursery stock from the Pacific Northwest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255323FFFFFAD9FAB05C4FFAFF" author="Wheeler" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Wheeler, A. G. Jr. & Henry, T. J. (1974) Tropidosteptes pacificus, a western ash plant bug introduced into Pennsylvania with nursery stock (Hemiptera: Miridae). United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative Economic Insect Report, 24, 588 - 589." type="journal article" year="1974">Wheeler & Henry, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In Europe introduced into
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B19876445323FFFFFDB0FAD55FAAFAFF" box="[586,763,1372,1395]" name="Netherlands" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">The Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
province of Noord-Brabant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45323FFFFFF3CFAF65C50F942" blockId="2.[151,1438,1267,2019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255323FFFFFF3CFAF65CB4FA1A" author="Wheeler" box="[198,485,1407,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Wheeler, A. G. Jr. & Henry, T. J. (1974) Tropidosteptes pacificus, a western ash plant bug introduced into Pennsylvania with nursery stock (Hemiptera: Miridae). United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative Economic Insect Report, 24, 588 - 589." type="journal article" year="1974">Wheeler and Henry (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575323FFFFFD0EFAF65E3FFA1A" box="[756,878,1407,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tropidosteptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFD0EFAF65E50FA1A" box="[756,769,1407,1430]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFCF4FAF65E3FFA1A" box="[782,878,1407,1430]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on specimens retained in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B19876445323FFFFFB51FAF65868FA1A" box="[1195,1337,1407,1430]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
National Museum. However, specimens housed in the CNCI from Arizona (Sierra Vista), California (Palo Cedro), Colorado (Colorado Nat’l. Mon.), and Durango,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B19876445323FFFFFDBDFA4D5FCAFA57" box="[583,667,1476,1499]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
- which superficially resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575323FFFFFC07FA4D592CFA57" box="[1021,1149,1476,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tropidosteptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFC07FA4D595BFA57" box="[1021,1034,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFBE3FA4D592CFA57" box="[1049,1149,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in general color and dark brown markings - are correctly identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575323FFFFFD94FA6E5E1DFA72" authority="Knight" authorityName="Knight" box="[622,844,1511,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tropidosteptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFD94FA6E5F2AFA72" box="[622,635,1511,1534]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFD7DFA6E5FB7FA72" box="[647,742,1511,1534]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">vittifrons</emphasis>
|
||
(Knight)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The overall size of the latter species is smaller (♂: 4.20 and Ψ:
|
||
<quantity id="0E779B315323FFFFFF1DF9805C1BF9AC" box="[231,330,1545,1568]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.50 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and more narrow (♂: 1.65 and Ψ:
|
||
<quantity id="0E779B315323FFFFFD34F9805E60F9AC" box="[718,817,1545,1568]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.80 mm</quantity>
|
||
) than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575323FFFFFC69F9835941F9AD" box="[915,1040,1545,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tropidosteptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFC69F9835EF1F9AD" box="[915,928,1546,1569]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFC54F9835941F9AD" box="[942,1040,1546,1569]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and in the endosoma of the former species, the trough is more narrow, the basal process is smaller, and the spicule is shorter (not reaching beyond the membrane). In
|
||
<typeStatus id="163488765323FFFFFEC4F9C65CF7F9EA" box="[318,422,1615,1638]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575323FFFFFE31F9C65F19F9EA" box="[459,584,1615,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tropidosteptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFE31F9C65C89F9EA" box="[459,472,1615,1638]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFE1DF9C65F19F9EA" box="[487,584,1615,1638]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">vittifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the frons is marked with a narrow black medial stripe, not found in the CNCI specimens nor in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575323FFFFFEAEF9FB5C9FF905" box="[340,462,1649,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tropidosteptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFEAEF9FB5C30F905" box="[340,353,1650,1673]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFE94F9FB5C9FF905" box="[366,462,1650,1673]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is our contention that the natural distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575323FFFFFC0DF9FB5923F905" box="[1015,1138,1649,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tropidosteptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFC0DF9FB5955F905" box="[1015,1028,1650,1673]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFBE8F9FB5923F905" box="[1042,1138,1650,1673]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more or less restricted to the Pacific Northwest and not in states of the intermountain west. Only reexamination of the USNM material will clarify this issue.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8195655F5323FFFEFF3CF9505EE2FED0" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45323FFFFFF3CF9505C4EF812" blockId="2.[151,1438,1267,2019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFF3CF9505C4BF97D" bold="true" box="[198,282,1753,1777]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. Collected on ash (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575323FFFFFE0FF9535F07F97D" box="[501,598,1754,1777]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFE0FF9535F07F97D" box="[501,598,1754,1777]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Fraxinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.) in British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B19876445323FFFFFCFBF9505E3FF97C" box="[769,878,1753,1776]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255323FFFFFC81F9505976F97C" author="Parshley" box="[891,1063,1753,1776]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Parshley, H. M. (1921) A report on some Hemiptera from British Columbia. Proceedings of the Entomology Society of British Columbia, 18, 13 - 24." type="journal article" year="1921">Parshley (1921)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255323FFFFFB9BF9505858F97C" author="Downes" box="[1121,1289,1753,1776]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Downes, W. (1927) A preliminary list of the Heteroptera and Homoptera of British Columbia. Proceedings of the Entomology Society of British Columbia, 23, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1927">Downes (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported this species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575323FFFFFEF0F9755C82F89F" authority="Reuter" authorityName="Reuter" box="[266,467,1788,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Neoborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoenus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFEF0F9755C46F89F" box="[266,279,1788,1811]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFEDEF9755CD2F89F" box="[292,387,1788,1811]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">amoenus</emphasis>
|
||
Reuter
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on poplar (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575323FFFFFDA8F9755FFBF89F" box="[594,682,1788,1811]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFDA8F9755FFBF89F" box="[594,682,1788,1811]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Populus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.) and maple (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575323FFFFFC9AF9755EC3F89F" box="[864,914,1788,1811]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFC9AF9755EC3F89F" box="[864,914,1788,1811]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Acer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.) trees near the docks in Victoria; this record was repeated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255323FFFFFEB1F8965F25F8BA" author="Henry" box="[331,628,1823,1846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Henry, T. J. & Wheeler, Jr., A. G. (1988) Family Miridae Hahn. In: Henry, T. J. & Froeschner, R. C. (Eds), Catalog of the Heteroptera, or true bugs of Canada and the continental United States. E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 251 - 507." type="book chapter" year="1988">Henry and Wheeler (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and clarified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255323FFFFFCCBF896592DF8BA" author="Schwartz" box="[817,1148,1823,1846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Schwartz, M. D. & Scudder, G. G. E. (2000) Miridae (Heteroptera) new to Canada, with some taxonomic changes. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 108, 248 - 267." type="journal article" year="2000">Schwartz and Scudder (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Found on Oregon ash (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575323FFFFFA7DF8965C11F8D4" authority="Benth." authorityName="Benth." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFA7DF89658C4F8BA" box="[1415,1429,1823,1846]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFF6DF8CB5DBFF8D5" box="[151,238,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">latifolia</emphasis>
|
||
Benth.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and velvet ash (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575323FFFFFE04F8CB5FE3F8D4" authority="Torr." authorityName="Torr." box="[510,690,1857,1881]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="velutina">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFE04F8CB5F5CF8D5" box="[510,525,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFDE1F8CB5F22F8D5" box="[539,627,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">velutina</emphasis>
|
||
Torr.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in California (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255323FFFFFCA6F8C85EABF8D4" author="Usinger" box="[860,1018,1857,1880]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Usinger, R. L. (1945) Biology and control of ash plant bugs in California. Journal of Economic Entomology, 38, 585 - 591." type="journal article" year="1945">Usinger, 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and introduced into Pennsylvania on green ash (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575323FFFFFEE8F8ED5F77F8F7" authority="Marsh." authorityName="Marsh." box="[274,550,1892,1915]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pennsylvanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFEE8F8ED5C70F8F7" box="[274,289,1892,1915]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFECAF8ED5C9EF8F7" box="[304,463,1892,1915]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">pennsylvanica</emphasis>
|
||
Marsh.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255323FFFFFDC7F8ED5E01F8F7" author="Wheeler" box="[573,848,1892,1915]" pageId="2" pageNumber="68" refString="Wheeler, A. G. Jr. & Henry, T. J. (1974) Tropidosteptes pacificus, a western ash plant bug introduced into Pennsylvania with nursery stock (Hemiptera: Miridae). United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative Economic Insect Report, 24, 588 - 589." type="journal article" year="1974">Wheeler & Henry, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Collected on European ash (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575323FFFFFB5BF8ED5872F8F7" box="[1185,1315,1892,1915]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsior">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFB5BF8ED59FEF8F7" box="[1185,1199,1892,1915]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFB44F8ED5872F8F7" box="[1214,1315,1892,1915]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">excelsior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.) in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B19876445323FFFFFA88F8ED5C4DF812" name="Netherlands" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">The Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45323FFFFFF3CF82358CFF86F" blockId="2.[151,1438,1267,2019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575323FFFFFF3CF8235C98F84D" box="[198,457,1962,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tropidosteptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65323FFFFFF3CF8235C98F84D" box="[198,457,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Tropidosteptes pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has two annual generations in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B19876445323FFFFFCC4F8205E25F84C" box="[830,884,1961,1984]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
and overwinters in the egg stage. Eggs are inserted in the petioles or along the midribs of the leaves (first generation) or in the woody tissue (second generation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45322FFFEFF6DFF115D98FF5D" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,591]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Overwintered eggs hatch in late February to early March and adults mature in April. The second generation disappears in July.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45322FFFEFF3CFF545EE2FED0" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,591]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
|
||
The species is known as a pest of ornamental ashes in the western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B19876445322FFFEFC6AFF545973FF78" box="[912,1058,221,244]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Feeding produces distinct spotting and bleaching of foliage (foliar chlorosis), curling of leaves, and wilting of branches. Temporarily defoliation may incidentally occur when populations are large (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255322FFFEFD53FEAB5E1DFEB5" author="Usinger" box="[681,844,290,313]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Usinger, R. L. (1945) Biology and control of ash plant bugs in California. Journal of Economic Entomology, 38, 585 - 591." type="journal article" year="1945">Usinger, 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255322FFFEFCA2FEAB5938FEB5" author="Wheeler" box="[856,1129,290,313]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Wheeler, A. G. Jr. & Henry, T. J. (1974) Tropidosteptes pacificus, a western ash plant bug introduced into Pennsylvania with nursery stock (Hemiptera: Miridae). United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative Economic Insect Report, 24, 588 - 589." type="journal article" year="1974">Wheeler & Henry, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255322FFFEFB8CFEAB584CFEB5" author="Wheeler" box="[1142,1309,290,313]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Wheeler, A. G. Jr. (2000) Plant bugs (Miridae) as plant pest. In: Schaefer, C. W. & Panizzi, A. R. (Eds), Heteroptera of economic importance. CRC Press, Boca Raton etc., pp. 37 - 83." type="book chapter" year="2000">Wheeler, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255322FFFEFAD3FEAB5834FEB5" author="Wheeler" box="[1321,1381,290,313]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Wheeler, A. G. Jr. (2001) Biology of the plant bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae). Pests, Predators, Opportunists. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, xv, 507 pp." type="book" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but apparently ash trees usually tolerate the sucking damage (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD1E4B255322FFFEFD07FECC5EF6FED0" author="Dreistadt" box="[765,935,325,348]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Dreistadt, S. H. (1994) Pests of landscape trees and shrubs: an integrated pest management guide. University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication, 3359, i - iv, 1 - 327." type="journal article" year="1994">Dreistadt, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8195655F5322FFFEFF3CFEEE5E48FDC3" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45322FFFEFF3CFEEE5935FD85" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,591]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65322FFFEFF3CFEEE5C14FEF3" bold="true" box="[198,325,359,383]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575322FFFEFEB7FEE15F03FEF3" box="[333,594,360,383]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Tropidosteptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65322FFFEFEB7FEE15F03FEF3" box="[333,594,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Tropidosteptes pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected in
|
||
<date id="BD3110145322FFFEFCEEFEE15EE4FEF3" box="[788,949,360,383]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" value="2007" valueMax="2008">2007 and 2008</date>
|
||
on the same European ash trees in a natural environment. The origin of the introduction is not clear, but the most probable pathway seems to be as eggs in imported plant material of North American ash trees. Ornamental trees of, for instance,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E8F4D575322FFFEFC2CFE245987FE48" box="[982,1238,429,452]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pennsylvanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65322FFFEFC2CFE245987FE48" box="[982,1238,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Fraxinus pennsylvanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are for sale in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B19876445322FFFEFA81FE245C4DFE6B" name="Netherlands" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but usually grown from seed or imported from nurseries in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B19876445322FFFEFC51FE595E8DFE6B" box="[939,988,464,487]" name="Italy" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
or
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B19876445322FFFEFBF8FE595913FE6B" box="[1026,1090,464,487]" name="Spain" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and not imported directly from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B19876445322FFFEFF44FE7B5DA2FD85" box="[190,243,498,521]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
or
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B19876445322FFFEFEEDFE7B5C3BFD85" box="[279,362,498,521]" name="Canada" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It remains to be seen if the species will spread and become a nuisance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C93036D45322FFFEFF3CFD9D5E48FDC3" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,591]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="FBFBEAC65322FFFEFF3CFD9D5CFBFDA0" bold="true" box="[198,426,532,556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Acknowledgements.</emphasis>
|
||
Natuurmonumenten gave permission for research in Nature Reseach De Chaamse Beek, and Theodoor Heijerman (Wageningen) made the habitus photo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |