treatments-xml/data/31/D5/FB/31D5FBF597245C7481CB5CB2231B3445.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.154.49615" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c86f103e-babe-46e6-a365-e3c667dc6f28" ID-PMC="PMC7419342" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-154-57" ID-Pensoft-UUID="3FD061C9330A5AADAAB6E037B9B0A8E9" ID-PubMed="32848499" ModsDocID="1314-2003-154-57" checkinTime="1596605196416" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Morales-Fierro, Vanezza, Munoz-Schick, Melica &amp; Moreira-Munoz, Andres" docDate="2020" docId="31D5FBF597245C7481CB5CB2231B3445" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 154: 57-102" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 154" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.154.49615" docTitle="Schizanthus porrigens subsp. porrigens" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="3FD061C9330A5AADAAB6E037B9B0A8E9" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="3FD061C9330A5AADAAB6E037B9B0A8E9" masterDocTitle="Synopsis of Schizanthus Ruiz &amp; Pav. (Solanaceae), a genus endemic to the southern Andes" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1668139912449" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Synopsis of Schizanthus Ruiz &amp; Pav. (Solanaceae), a genus endemic to the southern Andes</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Morales-Fierro, Vanezza</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Independent researcher. Avenida Vicuna Mackenna Oriente 6640, Santiago, Chile</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Munoz-Schick, Melica</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Casilla 787, Santiago, Chile</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Moreira-Munoz, Andres</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Geografia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Avenida Brasil 2241, Valparaiso, Chile</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-1391</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">andres.moreira@pucv.cl</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>154</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>57</mods:start>
<mods:end>102</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.154.49615</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.154.49615</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-154-57</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">3FD061C9330A5AADAAB6E037B9B0A8E9</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="166095736" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:31D5FBF597245C7481CB5CB2231B3445" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/31D5FBF597245C7481CB5CB2231B3445" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
13a. 
<taxonomicName LSID="31D5FBF5-9724-5C74-81CB-5CB2231B3445" authority="subsp. porrigens" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Schizanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schizanthus porrigens subsp. porrigens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="porrigens" subSpecies="porrigens">Schizanthus porrigens subsp. porrigens</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. A distribution of Schizanthus porrigens B illustration of S. porrigens published with the description of the species (Hooker 1824) C examples of S. porrigens in Putaendo D Cerro La Huinca (Limache) E Los Molles (Valparaiso Region) F distribution of Schizanthus porrigens subsp. borealis G-I examples of S. porrigens subsp. borealis in Cuesta Buenos Aires (north of La Serena). Photos by A. Cadiz (C), A. Moreira-Munoz (D, E, G-I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.154.49615.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/438837" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Fig. 6A-E</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Schizanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schizanthus porrigens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="porrigens">Schizanthus porrigens</taxonomicName>
Graham, Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. 11: 401. 1824.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Phil" authorityYear="1895" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Schizanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schizanthus tenuifolius" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenuifolius">Schizanthus tenuifolius</taxonomicName>
Phil., Anal. Univ. Chile 91: 118. 1895.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Phil" authorityYear="1895" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Schizanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schizanthus tenuis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenuis">Schizanthus tenuis</taxonomicName>
Phil., Anal. Univ. Chile 91: 124. 1895.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Phil" authorityYear="1895" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Schizanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schizanthus heterophyllus" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heterophyllus">Schizanthus heterophyllus</taxonomicName>
Phil., Anal. Univ. Chile 91: 125. 1895.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">United Kingdom. Scotland: Hort. Edin. [cultivated material at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh] (lectotype designated here: E! [E00089607]; isolectotype: E! E00089608]).</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.154.49615.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/438837" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A</emphasis>
distribution of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Schizanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schizanthus porrigens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="porrigens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Schizanthus porrigens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">B</emphasis>
illustration of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. porrigens" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="porrigens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">S. porrigens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
published with the description of the species (
<bibRefCitation author="Hooker, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung Muenchen" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" refId="B14" refString="Hooker, WJ, 1824. Schizanthusporrigens. Exotic flora 2(7): tab. 86." title="Schizanthusporrigens. Exotic flora 2 (7): tab. 86." year="1824">Hooker 1824</bibRefCitation>
) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">C</emphasis>
examples of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. porrigens" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="porrigens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">S. porrigens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Putaendo 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">D</emphasis>
Cerro La Huinca (Limache) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">E</emphasis>
Los Molles (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Valparaíso">Valparaiso</normalizedToken>
Region) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">F</emphasis>
distribution of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="V. Morales &amp; Munoz-Schick" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Schizanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schizanthus porrigens subsp. borealis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="porrigens" subSpecies="borealis">Schizanthus porrigens subsp. borealis</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">G-I</emphasis>
examples of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. porrigens subsp. borealis" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="subSpecies" species="porrigens" subSpecies="borealis">S. porrigens subsp. borealis</taxonomicName>
in Cuesta Buenos Aires (north of La Serena). Photos by A. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cádiz">Cadiz</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">C</emphasis>
), A. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Moreira-Muñoz">Moreira-Munoz</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">D, E, G-I</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="taxonomic notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Taxonomic notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
The name 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Schizanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schizanthus porrigens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="porrigens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Schizanthus porrigens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first used by 
<bibRefCitation author="Graham, R" journalOrPublisher="The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 401" refId="B10" refString="Graham, R, 1824. List of rare plants which have flowered in the Royal Botanic Garden at Edinburgh, during the last three months. The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal 1: 1 - 401" title="List of rare plants which have flowered in the Royal Botanic Garden at Edinburgh, during the last three months." volume="1" year="1824">Graham (1824)</bibRefCitation>
when he listed this rare plant growing outside at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. 
<bibRefCitation author="Grau, J" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung Muenchen" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="111 - 203" refId="B12" refString="Grau, J, Gronbach, E, 1984. Untersuchungen zur Variabilitaet in der Gattung Schizanthus (Solanaceae). Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung Muenchen 20: 111 - 203" title="Untersuchungen zur Variabilitaet in der Gattung Schizanthus (Solanaceae)." volume="20" year="1984">Grau and Gronbach (1984</bibRefCitation>
: 134) accepted this name as being validly published by Graham, but in our opinion, 
<bibRefCitation author="Graham, R" journalOrPublisher="The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 401" refId="B10" refString="Graham, R, 1824. List of rare plants which have flowered in the Royal Botanic Garden at Edinburgh, during the last three months. The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal 1: 1 - 401" title="List of rare plants which have flowered in the Royal Botanic Garden at Edinburgh, during the last three months." volume="1" year="1824">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Graham’s">Graham's</normalizedToken>
(1824)
</bibRefCitation>
is not a valid publication of the name, as it only provides a short comparison to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. pinnatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="pinnatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">S. pinnatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on the smaller first emerging leaves (&quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
This species may be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. pinnatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="pinnatus">S. pinnatus</taxonomicName>
even in the seed bed, but the seminal leaves being shorter.
</emphasis>
&quot;). Hence, the specimen cited by Grau and Gronbach (&quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">s.n. Graham</emphasis>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">E</emphasis>
)&quot;), should be not considered as type of the name validly published by W.J. Hooker and illustrated by R.K. Greville.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
Studying the original description, it is clear to us that the species was described based on cultivated material. 
<bibRefCitation author="Hooker, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung Muenchen" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" refId="B14" refString="Hooker, WJ, 1824. Schizanthusporrigens. Exotic flora 2(7): tab. 86." title="Schizanthusporrigens. Exotic flora 2 (7): tab. 86." year="1824">Hooker (1824)</bibRefCitation>
stated that the plants at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh were growing with individuals of another species, which was previously published by him (
<bibRefCitation author="Hooker, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung Muenchen" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" refId="B13" refString="Hooker, WJ, 1823. Schizanthuspinnatus. Exotic flora 1(5): tab. 73." title="Schizanthuspinnatus. Exotic flora 1 (5): tab. 73." year="1823">Hooker 1823</bibRefCitation>
) (as 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. pinnatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="pinnatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">S. pinnatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but represents 
<taxonomicName authority="var. litoralis" lsidName="S. litoralis subsp. var. var. litoralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="variety" species="litoralis" subSpecies="var." variety="litoralis">S. litoralis var. litoralis</taxonomicName>
). 
<bibRefCitation author="Hooker, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung Muenchen" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" refId="B13" refString="Hooker, WJ, 1823. Schizanthuspinnatus. Exotic flora 1(5): tab. 73." title="Schizanthuspinnatus. Exotic flora 1 (5): tab. 73." year="1823">Hooker (1823)</bibRefCitation>
stated that the seeds were collected by Mr. Cruikshanks [Cruckshanks] and sent to Dr. Graham in Edinburgh. 
<bibRefCitation author="Hooker, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung Muenchen" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" refId="B14" refString="Hooker, WJ, 1824. Schizanthusporrigens. Exotic flora 2(7): tab. 86." title="Schizanthusporrigens. Exotic flora 2 (7): tab. 86." year="1824">Hooker (1824)</bibRefCitation>
cited much information from Graham in his description of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. porrigens" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="porrigens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">S. porrigens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
In trying to locate the type material, we searched for specimens at E and K, as these are the herbaria which hold most of the type specimens by W.J. Hooker (see Taxonomic notes under 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. grahamii" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="grahamii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">S. grahamii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). At K, we could not find any specimens of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. porrigens" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="porrigens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">S. porrigens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but we found 15 samples at E (https://data.rbge.org.uk/search/herbarium/). Of these, only five were labelled as 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. porrigens" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="porrigens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">S. porrigens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[E00089607, E00089608, E00089609, E00089610, E00089611]. The first two sheets were identified as possible types of the name 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. porrigens" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="porrigens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">S. porrigens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Graham by Gronbach in 1983. We think these two specimens are part of the same collection, as both have 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Greville’s">Greville's</normalizedToken>
handwriting and show complementary parts of an individual plant: the specimen E00089607 shows the inflorescence while E00089608 comprises a branch with several leaves. We think these specimens could have been used by Greville for illustrating the description. On the other hand, sheets E00089609, E00089610, E00089611 originated from GL and have the handwriting of W.J. Hooker (H. Noltie 2019, pers. comm.). Additionally, we found two herbarium sheets at P that can be related to the description [P00477566, P00477611]. The first one says &quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Schizanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schizanthus porrigens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="porrigens">Schizanthus porrigens</taxonomicName>
Hook. Fl. Exot. E Chile
</emphasis>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
misit 
<bibRefCitation author="Hooker, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung Muenchen" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" refId="B14" refString="Hooker, WJ, 1824. Schizanthusporrigens. Exotic flora 2(7): tab. 86." title="Schizanthusporrigens. Exotic flora 2 (7): tab. 86." year="1824">Hooker 1824</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">4733</emphasis>
&quot;. The second sheet has the same information, except for the name of the species &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Schizanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schizanthus pinnatus" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Schizanthus pinnatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;. Both labels were handwritten by Hooker, except for the annotation &quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
misit 
<bibRefCitation author="Hooker, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung Muenchen" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" refId="B14" refString="Hooker, WJ, 1824. Schizanthusporrigens. Exotic flora 2(7): tab. 86." title="Schizanthusporrigens. Exotic flora 2 (7): tab. 86." year="1824">Hooker 1824</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
&quot;, which could have been added by E. Drake, former owner of the collection, meaning that the specimens were sent to him by Hooker in 1824 (H. Noltie 2019, pers. comm.). This data matches the year when Hooker described the species. Surely the specimens are duplicates and were part of an exchange of material between herbaria from the United Kingdom and France. We think specimens listed above should be treated as original material of the name 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Schizanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schizanthus porrigens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="porrigens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Schizanthus porrigens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Graham ex Hook. Following 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" author="Turland, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" refId="B54" refString="Turland, NJ, Wiersema, JH, Barrie, FR, Greuter, W, Hawksworth, DL, Herendeen, PS, Knapp, S, Kusber, WH, Li, DZ, Marhold, K, May, TW, McNeill, J, Monro, AM, Prado, J, Price, MJ, Smith, GF, 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashuetten, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" year="2018">Turland et al. (2018</bibRefCitation>
: Art. 9.3.), we select the sheet E00089607 as lectotype and E00089608 as isolectotype, as they are considered duplicates and the only sheets that we can clearly relate to the description by 
<bibRefCitation author="Hooker, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung Muenchen" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" refId="B14" refString="Hooker, WJ, 1824. Schizanthusporrigens. Exotic flora 2(7): tab. 86." title="Schizanthusporrigens. Exotic flora 2 (7): tab. 86." year="1824">Hooker (1824)</bibRefCitation>
, even though it seems that all other specimens were seen by him.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="key">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Key characters.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. porrigens" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Schizanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schizanthus porrigens subsp. porrigens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="porrigens" subSpecies="porrigens">Schizanthus porrigens subsp. porrigens</taxonomicName>
is a very variable species, especially in the colour of the flowers, which vary from intense rose and sometimes bluish to white. The spots are also variable; with two little ones at the sides of the upper middle lobe and two slightly larger at the upper lateral lobes (in the separation of the lateral and middle lobes). Sometimes, it has a purple irregular line above the yellow area. When the corolla is mostly white, the lower lip has a larger portion coloured light purple, but the same colour also occurs at the margin of the upper lateral lobes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
Endemic to Chile, between the Regions of Coquimbo (Province of Choapa, 32°5' lat. S) and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Higgins">O'Higgins</normalizedToken>
(Province of Cachapoal, 34°20' lat. S). 20-1800 m a.s.l.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">One of the most widespread species inhabiting from the coast to the cordillera, in different types of substrates; in shrubby and sclerophyllous communities.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="protected areas">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Protected areas.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
Chile. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Valparaíso">Valparaiso</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: La Campana National Park, BioParque 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Puquén-Los">Puquen-Los</normalizedToken>
Molles Private Reserve, Acantilados Federico Santa 
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
Natural Sanctuary, Palmar El Salto Natural Sanctuary, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Serranía">Serrania</normalizedToken>
El 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ciprés">Cipres</normalizedToken>
Natural Sanctuary; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Metropolitana</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Clarillo National Reserve, Cerro El Roble Natural Sanctuary, Yerba Loca Natural Sanctuary, Altos de Cantillana Natural Sanctuary.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Selected specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Chile. Coquimbo: [Choapa Province</emphasis>
] Pichidangui, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="9" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-32.15">32°9'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.51667">71°31'W</geoCoordinate>
, 15 m a.s.l., 18 Nov 1960, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">J. Petersen s.n.</emphasis>
(CONC); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Valparaíso">Valparaiso</normalizedToken>
: [Petorca Province
</emphasis>
] 3 km al S de Papudo, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-32.516666">32°31'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.46667">71°28'W</geoCoordinate>
, 50 m a.s.l., 10 Nov 2001, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">C. Aedo 6817</emphasis>
(CONC); Caleta Los Molles, inicio sendero al 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Puquén">Puquen</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="11.3" value="-32.236473">32°14'11.3&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="59.7" value="-71.51659">71°30'59.7&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 217 m a.s.l., 19 Oct 2008, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
M. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muñoz">Munoz</normalizedToken>
5070
</emphasis>
(SGO); [
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Quillota Province</emphasis>
] Cuesta El 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Melón">Melon</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-32.666668">32°40'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.25">71°15'W</geoCoordinate>
, 500 m a.s.l., 10 Feb 1990, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">C. von Bohlen 650</emphasis>
(CONC); Parque Nacional La Campana, sector Ocoa, sobre la cascada, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="40.428" value="-32.96123">32°57'40.428&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="3" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="13.86" value="-71.053856">71°3'13.86&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 10 Dec 2000, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A. Moreira 487</emphasis>
(SGO); [
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">San Felipe Province</emphasis>
] Cuesta Las Chilcas, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="1.5" value="-32.850414">32°51'1.5&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="32.8" value="-70.85911">70°51'32.8&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 508 m a.s.l., 19 Oct 2008, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
M. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muñoz">Munoz</normalizedToken>
5065
</emphasis>
(SGO); Santuario 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Serranía">Serrania</normalizedToken>
El 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ciprés">Cipres</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-32.68667">32°41'12&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="14" value="-70.803894">70°48'14&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 1167 m a.s.l., 5 Oct 2013, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
A. Madrid &amp; J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Larraín">Larrain</normalizedToken>
79
</emphasis>
(CONC); [
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Valparaíso">Valparaiso</normalizedToken>
Province
</emphasis>
] 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Viña">Vina</normalizedToken>
del Mar (El Salto) langs de weg, 11 Nov 1937, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">C. Andreas 24</emphasis>
(L, U); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Quilpué">Quilpue</normalizedToken>
, Teniente Serrano - Poza Larga, coord. UTM 274802E - 6337967W, 19 Nov 2004, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
O. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
1092
</emphasis>
(CONC); Cuesta Zapata, 300 m a.s.l., 27 Oct 1990, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">C. von Bohlen 834</emphasis>
(SGO); [
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">San Antonio Province</emphasis>
] El Quisco, Nov 1976, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">H. Gunckel &amp; H. Vergara s.n.</emphasis>
(CONC); El Tabo, Quebrada de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Córdoba">Cordoba</normalizedToken>
, 33°25'S, 7 Oct 1980, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
C. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Villagrán">Villagran</normalizedToken>
2878
</emphasis>
(SGO); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Metropolitana: [Chacabuco Province</emphasis>
] Altos de Chicauma, sector Loma Blanca, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-33.2">33°12'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.933334">70°56'W</geoCoordinate>
, 750 m a.s.l., 29 Sep 2002, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
N. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">C. Valdivia &amp; F. Salinas 3294</emphasis>
(CONC); Montenegro, UTM 19H 0327491-6351928, 12 Oct 2002, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
M. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muñoz">Munoz</normalizedToken>
4155
</emphasis>
(SGO); [
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Santiago Province</emphasis>
] Santuario de la Naturaleza Yerba Loca, laderas al borde del estero de la Yerba Loca, cerca de la confluencia con el 
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
San Francisco, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-33.316666">33°19'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.316666">70°19'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1800 m a.s.l., 16 Dec 1999, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">M.T.K. Arroyo</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">C. Valdivia &amp; P. McPherson 994740</emphasis>
(CONC, SGO); [
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Cordillera Province</emphasis>
] San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
de Maipo, 12 Oct 1969, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A. Cid 13</emphasis>
(CONC); La Obra, 820 m a.s.l., 20 Nov 1927, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">G. Montero 481</emphasis>
(F); [
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Maipo Province</emphasis>
] Cerro Lo Chena, 780 m a.s.l., 26 Nov 1950, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">H. Gunckel s.n.</emphasis>
(CONC); Fundo Cullipeumo, Cerro Cullipeumo, Champa, 21 Nov 1976, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">I. Gallardo s.n.</emphasis>
(SGO); [
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Melipilla Province</emphasis>
] Camino entre Chorombo y Casablanca, en la cuesta, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-33.45">33°27'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.316666">71°19'W</geoCoordinate>
, 280 m a.s.l., 17 Sep 2009, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">I. Escobar 202</emphasis>
(CONC); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alhué">Alhue</normalizedToken>
, lado del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
, 18 Nov 2002, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A. Brinck s.n.</emphasis>
(SGO); Cuesta de Barriga, between Marruecos and Los Cerrillos, 850 m a.s.l., 3 Nov 1948, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">E.P. Killip &amp; E. Pisano 39675</emphasis>
(US); [
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Talagante Province</emphasis>
] Talagante, Sep 1969, J Salas s.n. (CONC); Mallarauco, 31 Oct 1988, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">J.P. Schiappacase s.n.</emphasis>
(F); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Higgins">O'Higgins</normalizedToken>
: [Cachapoal Province
</emphasis>
] 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Palmería">Palmeria</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cocalán">Cocalan</normalizedToken>
, 2 Sep 2004, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fundación">Fundacion</normalizedToken>
Philippi 89
</emphasis>
(SGO); Angostura de Paine, 25 Oct 1969, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">O. Zoellner 3461</emphasis>
(CONC); Camino de Rancagua a Caletones, km 14, 1000 m a.s.l., 17 Nov 1970, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">C. Marticorena &amp; E Weldt 639</emphasis>
(CONC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>