221 lines
21 KiB
XML
221 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353130" ID-ISBN="1-56098-217-9" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7353130" approvalRequired="3" approvalRequired_for_document="2" approvalRequired_for_originalDoi="1" checkinTime="1667534074823" checkinUser="GgServerImporter" docAuthor="Robert S. Hoffmann & Charles G. Anderson" docDate="1993" docId="03EF8108FF8DFFBCCB9DAEBA3766FA31" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.1993.Sciuridae.419-465.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press" docTitle="Spermophilus F. Cuvier 1825" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="444" masterDocId="FFD6F970FF94FFA5CB40AC773518FF86" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Sciuridae" masterLastPageNumber="465" masterPageNumber="419" pageNumber="444" updateTime="1669257188589" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Order Rodentia - Family Sciuridae</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Robert S. Hoffmann</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Charles G. Anderson</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|
<mods:originInfo>
|
|
<mods:dateIssued>1993</mods:dateIssued>
|
|
<mods:publisher>Smithsonian Institution Press</mods:publisher>
|
|
<mods:place>
|
|
<mods:placeTerm>Washington and London</mods:placeTerm>
|
|
</mods:place>
|
|
</mods:originInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>DeeAnn M. Reeder</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition)</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start>419</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end>465</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353130</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">1-56098-217-9</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7353130</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7287587" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7287587" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF8108FF8DFFBCCB9DAEBA3766FA31" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF8108FF8DFFBCCB9DAEBA3766FA31" lastPageNumber="444" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" rank="species">
|
|
<subSubSection box="[221,1280,717,756]" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="25.[221,1855,717,1463]" box="[221,1280,717,756]" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">
|
|
<treatmentCitation author="F. Cuvier" authority="F. Cuvier, 1825" authorityName="F. Cuvier" authorityYear="1825" box="[221,1270,717,756]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="255" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" title="Spermophilus" volumeTitle="Dentes des Mammiferes" year="1825">
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="F. Cuvier, 1825" authorityName="F. Cuvier" authorityYear="1825" box="[221,712,717,756]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[221,440,717,756]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">Spermophilus</emphasis>
|
|
F. Cuvier, 1825
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<bibCitation author="F. Cuvier" box="[733,1270,717,756]" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" pagination="255" title="Spermophilus" volumeTitle="Dentes des Mammiferes" year="1825">Dentes des Mammifères, p. 255</bibCitation>
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection box="[304,997,759,795]" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" type="type_taxon">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="25.[221,1855,717,1463]" box="[304,997,759,795]" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">
|
|
TYPE SPECIES:
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus, 1766" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" box="[518,987,759,795]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citellus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[518,718,759,795]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">Mus citellus</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Linnaeus, C." box="[732,987,759,795]" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" refId="ref213994" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1766 - 1768. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. Regnum Animale. pt. 1, pp. 1 - 532 [1766]; vol. 3, Appendix pp. 223 - 235 [1768]. 12 th ed. [Vol. 3, Regnum Lapideum, pp. 1 - 222, rejected for nomenclatural purposes, ICZN, opinion 296]. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 3 vols." year="1766">Linnaeus, 1766</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="444" type="synonym_list">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="25.[221,1855,717,1463]" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">
|
|
SYNONYMS:
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Rafinesque, 1817" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1817" box="[488,950,801,839]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Anisonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[488,642,801,839]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">Anisonyx</emphasis>
|
|
Rafinesque, 1817
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Schreber, 1780" authorityName="Schreber" authorityYear="1780" box="[970,1385,801,839]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Arctomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[970,1122,801,839]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">Arctomys</emphasis>
|
|
Schreber, 1780
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Merriam, 1897" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Callospermophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1407,1706,801,839]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">Callospermophilus</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Merriam, C. H." box="[389,644,843,879]" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" refId="ref238343" refString="Merriam, C. H. 1897. The generic names Ictis, Arctogale, and Arctogalidia. Science, 5: 302." year="1897">Merriam, 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Oken, 1816" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1816" box="[665,996,843,879]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citellus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[665,789,843,879]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">Citellus</emphasis>
|
|
Oken, 1816
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Lichtenstein, 1830" authorityName="Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[1017,1465,843,879]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Citillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1017,1137,843,879]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">Citillus</emphasis>
|
|
Lichtenstein, 1830
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1486,1638,843,879]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Colobates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1486,1638,843,879]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">Colobates</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
MilneEdwards, 1874;
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Brandt, 1844" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1844" box="[666,1045,884,922]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Colobotis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[666,813,884,922]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">Colobotis</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Brandt, J. F." box="[827,1045,884,922]" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" refId="ref39936" refString="Brandt, J. F. 1844 [1843]. Observations sur les differentes especes de sousliks de Russie, suivies de remarques sur l'arrangement et la distribution geographique du genre Spermophilus, anse que sur la classification de la familie des ecureuils (Sciurina) en general. Bulletin Scientifique l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de Saint-Petersbourg, 1844: col. 357 - 382." year="1844">Brandt, 1844</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
<emphasis box="[1066,1266,884,922]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">Ictidomoides</emphasis>
|
|
Mearns, 1907;
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="J. Allen, 1877" authorityName="J. Allen" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Ictidomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1533,1689,884,922]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">Ictidomys</emphasis>
|
|
J. Allen, 1877
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="A. Howell, 1938" authorityName="A. Howell" authorityYear="1938" box="[491,976,926,963]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Notocitellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[491,735,926,963]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">Notocitellus A.</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Howell, A. H." box="[749,976,926,963]" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" refId="ref159913" refString="Howell, A. H. 1938. Revision of the North American ground squirrels, with a classification of the North American Sciuridae. North American Fauna, 56: 1 - 256." year="1938">Howell, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Brandt, 1844" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1844" box="[997,1406,926,963]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Otocolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[997,1173,926,963]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">Otocolobus</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Brandt, J. F." box="[1188,1406,926,963]" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" refId="ref39936" refString="Brandt, J. F. 1844 [1843]. Observations sur les differentes especes de sousliks de Russie, suivies de remarques sur l'arrangement et la distribution geographique du genre Spermophilus, anse que sur la classification de la familie des ecureuils (Sciurina) en general. Bulletin Scientifique l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de Saint-Petersbourg, 1844: col. 357 - 382." year="1844">Brandt, 1844</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Brandt, 1844" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Otospermophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1428,1701,926,963]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">Otospermophilus</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Brandt, J. F." pageId="25" pageNumber="444" refId="ref39936" refString="Brandt, J. F. 1844 [1843]. Observations sur les differentes especes de sousliks de Russie, suivies de remarques sur l'arrangement et la distribution geographique du genre Spermophilus, anse que sur la classification de la familie des ecureuils (Sciurina) en general. Bulletin Scientifique l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de Saint-Petersbourg, 1844: col. 357 - 382." year="1844">Brandt, 1844</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="A. Howell, 1938" authorityName="A. Howell" authorityYear="1938" box="[492,980,968,1005]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Poliocitellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[492,690,968,1005]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">Poliocitellus</emphasis>
|
|
A.
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Howell, A. H." box="[753,980,968,1005]" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" refId="ref159913" refString="Howell, A. H. 1938. Revision of the North American ground squirrels, with a classification of the North American Sciuridae. North American Fauna, 56: 1 - 256." year="1938">Howell, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Wagler, 1830" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[1001,1485,968,1005]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermatophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1001,1249,968,1005]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">Spermatophilus</emphasis>
|
|
Wagler, 1830
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Richardson, 1825" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1825" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1506,1705,968,1005]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">Spermophila</emphasis>
|
|
Richardson, 1825
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
<emphasis box="[708,915,1008,1046]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">Spermophilis</emphasis>
|
|
Richardson, 1839;
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Obolenskij, 1927" authorityName="Obolenskij" authorityYear="1927" box="[1247,1724,1008,1046]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Urocitellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1247,1423,1008,1046]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">Urocitellus</emphasis>
|
|
Obolenskij, 1927
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Merriam, 1892" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1892" box="[390,941,1051,1088]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Xerospermophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[390,680,1051,1088]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">Xerospermophilus</emphasis>
|
|
Merriam, 1892
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="444" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="25.[221,1855,717,1463]" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">
|
|
COMMENTS: Tribe
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="(Moore, 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[593,1028,1091,1129]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Marmotini">
|
|
Marmotini (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Moore, J. C." box="[801,1017,1091,1129]" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" refId="ref246108" refString="Moore, J. C. 1959. Relationships among the living squirrels of the Sciurinae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 118 (4): 157 - 206." year="1959">Moore, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Oken, 1816" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1816" box="[1047,1377,1091,1129]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citellus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1047,1171,1091,1129]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">Citellus</emphasis>
|
|
Oken, 1816
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has been widely used, but is invalid (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Corbet, G. B." box="[577,865,1133,1171]" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" refId="ref67548" refString="Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp." year="1978">Corbet, 1978c:82</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Hershkovitz, P." box="[885,1221,1133,1171]" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" refId="ref148751" refString="Hershkovitz, P. 1949 b. Status of names credited to Oken, 1816. Journal of Mammalogy, 30: 289 - 301." year="1949">Hershkovitz, 1949b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Includes
|
|
<emphasis box="[1411,1720,1133,1171]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1897" box="[1411,1709,1133,1171]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Callospermophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Callospermophilus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis box="[390,1319,1175,1213]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">
|
|
<taxonomicName authority=", Otospermophilus, Poliocitellus" authorityName="Otospermophilus, Poliocitellus" box="[390,1070,1175,1213]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Ictidomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ictidomys, Otospermophilus, Poliocitellus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, Spermophilus,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis box="[1409,1698,1175,1213]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">Xerospermophilus</emphasis>
|
|
as subgenera (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Hall, E. R." box="[593,843,1217,1255]" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" refId="ref137310" refString="Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90." year="1981">Hall, 1981:382</bibRefCitation>
|
|
);
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Gromov, I. M. & D. I. Bibikov & N. I. Kalabukhov & M. N. N. Meier" box="[875,1226,1217,1255]" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" refId="ref130487" refString="Gromov, I. M., D. I. Bibikov, N. I. Kalabukhov, and M. N. N. Meier. 1965. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 2 [Fauna of the U. S. S. R. Mammals. vol. 3, No. 2]. Nazemnye belich'e [Ground Squirrels]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 467 pp. (in Russian)." year="1965">Gromov et al. (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
gave the first three taxa generic rank. North American species revised by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Howell, A. H." box="[1110,1350,1259,1297]" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" refId="ref159913" refString="Howell, A. H. 1938. Revision of the North American ground squirrels, with a classification of the North American Sciuridae. North American Fauna, 56: 1 - 256." year="1938">Howell (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. Eurasian species revised by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Gromov, I. M. & D. I. Bibikov & N. I. Kalabukhov & M. N. N. Meier" box="[389,743,1301,1339]" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" refId="ref130487" refString="Gromov, I. M., D. I. Bibikov, N. I. Kalabukhov, and M. N. N. Meier. 1965. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom. 3, vyp. 2 [Fauna of the U. S. S. R. Mammals. vol. 3, No. 2]. Nazemnye belich'e [Ground Squirrels]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 467 pp. (in Russian)." year="1965">Gromov et al. (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
who also recognized
|
|
<emphasis box="[1122,1269,1301,1339]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">Colobotis</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis box="[1361,1537,1301,1339]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">Urocitellus</emphasis>
|
|
as subgenera; but see
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Hall, E. R." box="[456,720,1344,1382]" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" refId="ref137310" refString="Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90." year="1981">Hall (1981:382)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, who included them in subgenus
|
|
<emphasis box="[1304,1531,1344,1382]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="444">Spermophilus.</emphasis>
|
|
Holarctic species reviewed by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Nadler, C. F. & R. S. Hoffmann & N. N. Vorontsov & J. W. Koeppl & L. Deutsch & R. I. Sukernik" box="[613,936,1384,1423]" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" refId="ref255779" refString="Nadler, C. F., R. S. Hoffmann, N. N. Vorontsov, J. W. Koeppl, L. Deutsch, and R. I. Sukernik. 1982. Evolution in ground squirrels. II. Biochemical comparisons in Holarctic populations of Spermophilus. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 47: 198 - 215." year="1982">Nadler et al. (1982</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Nadler, C. F. & E. A. Lyapunova & R. S. Hoffmann & N. N. Vorontsov & L. L. Shaitarova & Y. M. Borisov" box="[958,1041,1384,1423]" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" refId="ref255842" refString="Nadler, C. F., E. A. Lyapunova, R. S. Hoffmann, N. N. Vorontsov, L. L. Shaitarova, and Y. M. Borisov. 1984. Chromosomal evolution in Holarctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus). II. Giemsa-band homologies of chromosomes and the tempo of evolution. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 49: 78 - 90." year="1984">1984</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). A key to the genus was given by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Rickart, E. A. & E. Yensen" pageId="25" pageNumber="444" refId="ref304136" refString="Rickart, E. A., and E. Yensen. 1991. Spermophilus washingtoni. Mammalian Species, 371: 1 - 5." year="1991">Rickart and Yensen (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |