318 lines
37 KiB
XML
318 lines
37 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="46FCC640B01537527B20046D49CD61D9">Biofouling hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from a Tropical Eastern Pacific island, with remarks on their biogeography</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F0FA04001B67994E188CF8700C07FF35">Ruiz, Gregory M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1D0F5DDC2ED2A382A3A38470789CFC21">Herrera, Esteban</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9B95CF037F38366EBF068F46C1CF7D3C">Golfin, Geiner</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="0F7901BCA3B3BA5191011C7EE484D37D">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C8AE51950E609EF0CB7C0E9C7FC9289F">9 - 12</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03A1BD34FFD0FFA589BBFCF215A1FE0B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012500" ID-GBIF-Taxon="199549872" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7012500" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A1BD34FFD0FFA589BBFCF215A1FE0B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A1BD34FFD0FFA589BBFCF215A1FE0B" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="581" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFD0FFBB89BBFCF214C8FCEF" ID-CoL="VGXP" authority="Kramp, 1959" authorityName="Kramp" authorityYear="1959" box="[411,904,800,827]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cirrholoveniidae" genus="Cirrholovenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tetranema">
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<emphasis id="B97CD030FFD0FFBB89BBFCF21597FCEF" bold="true" box="[411,727,800,827]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">Cirrholovenia tetranema</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFD0FFBB8AC0FCF214C8FCEF" author="Kramp PL" box="[736,904,800,827]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="223 - 259" refId="ref20780" refString="Kramp PL. 1959. Some new and little-known Indo-Pacific medusae. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening. 121: 223 - 259." type="journal article" year="1959">Kramp, 1959</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFD0FFBB8A69FC90159AFC89" blockId="14.[382,933,730,861]" box="[585,730,834,861]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">
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<emphasis id="B97CD030FFD0FFBB8A69FC90159AFC89" bold="true" box="[585,730,834,861]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">
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(
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<figureCitation id="133310A7FFD0FFBB8A72FC901590FC89" box="[594,720,834,861]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="15.[160,225,1534,1557]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,147,1502]" captionTargetId="figure-1@15.[163,1153,142,1502]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 5. Leptothecata: Phialellidae, Cirrholovenia, Clytiidae. (a) Phialellidae (undetermined): three hydrothecae and pedicels, #240565. (b) Cirrholovenia tetranema: two hydrothecae and stolons, and a nematotheca, #240629. (c) Clytia brevithecata: hydrotheca and distal end of pedicel, #240600. (d) Clytia brevithecata: proximal end of pedicel and stolon, #240600. (e) Clytia linearis: hydrotheca and distal end of pedicel, #307693. (f) Clytia linearis: gonotheca, #307693. (g) Clytia obliqua: hydrotheca and distal end of pedicel, #240629.(h) Clytia obliqua: hydrotheca and distal end of pedicel,#253541. (i) Clytia obliqua: gonotheca, #253541. (j) Clytia obliqua: gonotheca, #240629. Scale bars: a, c–j = 0.1 mm; b = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012498/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">Figure 5b</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFD0FFBB8880FCAA1425FC45" blockId="14.[160,979,888,982]" box="[160,869,888,913]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB182B0CFFD0FFBB8880FCAA1425FC45" box="[160,869,888,913]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA92A33FFD0FFBB8880FCAA1537FC45" author="Kramp PL" box="[160,631,888,913]" page="253" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" year="1959">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFD0FFBB8880FCAA1537FC45" ID-CoL="VGXP" authority="Kramp, 1959: 253" authorityName="Kramp" authorityPageNumber="253" authorityYear="1959" box="[160,631,888,913]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cirrholoveniidae" genus="Cirrholovenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tetranema">
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<emphasis id="B97CD030FFD0FFBB8880FCAA16E9FC45" box="[160,425,888,913]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">Cirrholovenia tetranema</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFD0FFBB8990FCAA1537FC45" author="Kramp PL" box="[432,631,888,913]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="223 - 259" refId="ref20780" refString="Kramp PL. 1959. Some new and little-known Indo-Pacific medusae. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening. 121: 223 - 259." type="journal article" year="1959">Kramp, 1959: 253</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 17a, b [medusa].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFD0FFBB8880FC491482FC60" blockId="14.[160,979,888,982]" box="[160,962,923,948]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB182B0CFFD0FFBB8880FC491482FC60" box="[160,962,923,948]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA92A33FFD0FFBB8880FC49144CFC60" author="Millard NAH & Bouillon J" box="[160,780,923,948]" page="40" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" year="1973">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFD0FFBB8880FC49144CFC60" authority="Millard and Bouillon, 1973: 40" authorityName="Millard and Bouillon" authorityPageNumber="40" authorityYear="1973" box="[160,780,923,948]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Egmundella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="amirantensis">
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<emphasis id="B97CD030FFD0FFBB8880FC4916F3FC60" box="[160,435,923,948]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">Egmundella amirantensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFD0FFBB899AFC49144CFC60" author="Millard NAH & Bouillon J" box="[442,780,923,948]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref21919" refString="Millard NAH, Bouillon J. 1973. Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, serie In- 8 ° Sciences Zoologiques. 206: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard and Bouillon, 1973: 40</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 5 [hydroid].
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<materialsCitation id="3B60067FFFD0FFBB8880FC6F148FFC02" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3891616396" box="[160,975,957,982]" country="Solomon Islands" elevation="29" location="Solomon Islands" longitude="160.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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Locality:
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: 9°25.416667°
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S, 160°E
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFD0FFBB8B1DFC6F1486FC02" author="Kramp PL" box="[829,966,957,982]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="223 - 259" refId="ref20780" refString="Kramp PL. 1959. Some new and little-known Indo-Pacific medusae. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening. 121: 223 - 259." type="journal article" year="1959">Kramp 1959</bibRefCitation>
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)
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.
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<emphasis id="B97CD030FFD0FFBB8880FBD9163FFBF1" bold="true" box="[160,383,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">Material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<location id="8ED75AF9FFD0FFBB8880FBFC1658FB93" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A1BD34FFD0FFA589BBFCF215A1FE0B:8ED75AF9FFD0FFBB8880FBFC1658FB93" box="[160,280,1070,1095]" latitude="5.54535" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-87.06185" name="Wafer Bay" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">Wafer Bay</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE3C6AE5FFD0FFBB8906FBFC16C0FB93" box="[294,384,1070,1095]" degrees="5.54535" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" precision="1" value="5.54535">5.54535</geoCoordinate>
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,
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, 1 colony, on a hydroid stem,
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high, without gonothecae, coll
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B60067FFFD0FFBB897DFB83163BFBBE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3891616379" box="[349,379,1105,1130]" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="5.54535" location="Wafer Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-87.06185" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" specimenCount="1">. G</materialsCitation>
|
||
. Ashton, #240629.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3125FA9FFD0FFA58880FB4C15A1FE0B" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="581" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFD0FFBB8880FB4C1646FB6C" blockId="14.[159,1156,1182,1728]" box="[160,262,1182,1208]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFD0FFBB8880FB4C1646FB6C" bold="true" box="[160,262,1182,1208]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFD0FFBB8880FB1017A0FA24" blockId="14.[159,1156,1182,1728]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">
|
||
This hydroid has been widely reported across shallow tropical marine waters of the world, mostly as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFD0FFBB8933FB37147AFB2A" authority="(Millard and Bouillon, 1973)" baseAuthorityName="Millard and Bouillon" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[275,826,1253,1278]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Lafoeina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="amirantensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFD0FFBB8933FB3716BCFB2A" box="[275,508,1253,1278]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">Lafoeina amirantensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFD0FFBB8A2BFB371470FB2A" author="Millard NAH & Bouillon J" box="[523,816,1253,1278]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref21919" refString="Millard NAH, Bouillon J. 1973. Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, serie In- 8 ° Sciences Zoologiques. 206: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard and Bouillon, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It was linked to the medusa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFD0FFBB88BFFAD5157EFAF4" authority="Kramp, 1959" authorityName="Kramp" authorityYear="1959" box="[159,574,1287,1312]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cirrholoveniidae" genus="Cirrholovenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tetranema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFD0FFBB88BFFAD516E5FAF4" box="[159,421,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">Cirrholovenia tetranema</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFD0FFBB8990FAD5157EFAF4" author="Kramp PL" box="[432,574,1287,1312]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="223 - 259" refId="ref20780" refString="Kramp PL. 1959. Some new and little-known Indo-Pacific medusae. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening. 121: 223 - 259." type="journal article" year="1959">
|
||
Kramp,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF0A1C7FFD0FFBB8A28FAD5157EFAF4" box="[520,574,1287,1312]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.975859999999999" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" unit="in" value="1959.0">1959</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in life cycle studies by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFD0FFBB8B72FAD5133FFAF4" author="Migotto AE & Cabral AS" box="[850,1151,1287,1312]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref21765" refString="Migotto AE, Cabral AS. 2005. Lafoeina amirantensis (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa, Campanulinoidea), the hydroid stage of the medusa Cirrholovenia tetranema (Cnidaria: hydrozoa, Lovenelloidea). Zootaxa. 919: 1 - 16. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 919.1.1" type="journal article" year="2005">Migotto and Cabral (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFD0FFBB8880FAF8162DFA97" author="Brinckmann A" box="[160,365,1322,1347]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="13 - 15" refId="ref17187" refString="Brinckmann A. 1965. The life cycle of the medusa Cirrholovenia tetranema Kramp 1959 (Leptomedusae, Lovenellidae) with a hydroid of the genus Cuspidella Hincks. Can J Zool. 43: 13 - 15. doi: 10.1139 / z 65 - 002" type="journal article" year="1965">Brinckmann (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had raised the polyp stage of the medusa even before the hydroid was described and named by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFD0FFBB89E8FA9F15BCFAB2" author="Millard NAH & Bouillon J" box="[456,764,1357,1382]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref21919" refString="Millard NAH, Bouillon J. 1973. Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, serie In- 8 ° Sciences Zoologiques. 206: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard and Bouillon (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, no nematothecae were observed on the hydrorhiza of her hydroids and she considered it to be referable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFD0FFBB8880FA4016DDFA7F" authority="Hincks, 1866" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1866" box="[160,413,1426,1451]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Cuspidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFD0FFBB8880FA40164BFA7F" box="[160,267,1426,1451]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">Cuspidella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFD0FFBB8933FA4016DDFA7F" author="Hincks T" box="[275,413,1426,1451]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="296 - 299" refId="ref20383" refString="Hincks T. 1866. On new British Hydroida. Ann Mag Nat Hist Ser. 3 (18): 296 - 299. doi: 10.1080 / 00222936608679646" type="journal article" year="1866">Hincks, 1866</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFD0FFBB898BFA40150BFA7F" author="Moreira GS" box="[427,587,1426,1451]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="556 - 558" refId="ref22078" refString="Moreira GS. 1975. Sobre duas Leptomedusae do litoral do estado de Sao Paulo. Ciencia e Cultura. 27: 556 - 558." type="journal article" year="1975">Moreira (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also undertook life cycle studies on the species by rearing planulae from known medusae, but did not attempt an identification of the polyp stage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFD0FFA588E0FA2813C4FF39" blockId="14.[159,1156,1182,1728]" lastBlockId="16.[160,1156,142,306]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="581" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFD0FFBB88E0FA281680F9C7" authorityName="Kramp" authorityYear="1959" box="[192,448,1530,1555]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cirrholoveniidae" genus="Cirrholovenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tetranema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFD0FFBB88E0FA281680F9C7" box="[192,448,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">Cirrholovenia tetranema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a minute hydrozoan, with hydroids less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CF0A1C7FFD0FFBB8BE8FA28135AF9C7" box="[968,1050,1530,1555]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
high and medusae reaching
|
||
<quantity id="4CF0A1C7FFD0FFBB8955F9CF168BF9E2" box="[373,459,1565,1590]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
high and wide (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFD0FFBB8AA7F9CF1450F9E2" author="Kramp PL" box="[647,784,1565,1590]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="1 - 469" refId="ref20805" refString="Kramp PL 1961. Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 40: 1 - 469. doi: 10.1017 / S 0025315400007347" type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFD0FFBB8B3EF9CF1414F9E2" author="Kramp PL" box="[798,852,1565,1590]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref20840" refString="Kramp PL. 1968. The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian oceans. Dana Rep. 72: 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Originally described from medusae collected in the Tropical Western Pacific (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F4CB2FFD0FFBB8AE0F9ED1436F98C" box="[704,886,1599,1624]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Strait of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F4CB2FFD0FFBB8BF8F9ED1372F98C" box="[984,1074,1599,1624]" name="Malaysia" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">Malacca</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F4CB2FFD0FFBB8880F9B01640F9AF" box="[160,256,1634,1659]" name="Thailand" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F4CB2FFD0FFBB8913F9B016EAF9AF" box="[307,426,1634,1659]" name="Philippines" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F4CB2FFD0FFBB89C1F9B0150CF9AF" box="[481,588,1634,1659]" name="Indonesia" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFD0FFBB8A7DF9B015A3F9AF" author="Kramp PL" box="[605,739,1634,1659]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="223 - 259" refId="ref20780" refString="Kramp PL. 1959. Some new and little-known Indo-Pacific medusae. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening. 121: 223 - 259." type="journal article" year="1959">Kramp 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), both stages of the species have now been reported from warm waters of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFD0FFBB8BD7F9571668F914" author="Migotto AE & Cabral AS" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref21765" refString="Migotto AE, Cabral AS. 2005. Lafoeina amirantensis (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa, Campanulinoidea), the hydroid stage of the medusa Cirrholovenia tetranema (Cnidaria: hydrozoa, Lovenelloidea). Zootaxa. 919: 1 - 16. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 919.1.1" type="journal article" year="2005">Migotto and Cabral 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the Tropical Eastern Pacific, the hydroid has been reported from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CCC2C0FFCEFFA58880FF5C162FFF73" box="[160,367,142,167]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="16" pageNumber="581">Galápagos Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
and from the coast of mainland
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F4CB2FFCEFFA58B31FF5C142CFF73" box="[785,876,142,167]" name="Ecuador" pageId="16" pageNumber="581">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFCEFFA58B5FFF5C1319FF73" author="Calder DR & Mallinson JJ & Collins K & Hickman CP" box="[895,1113,142,167]" pageId="16" pageNumber="581" pagination="1173 - 1218" refId="ref17525" refString="Calder DR, Mallinson JJ, Collins K, Hickman CP. 2003. Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria) of the Galapagos, with a list of species reported from the islands. J Nat Hist. 37: 1173 - 1218. doi: 10.1080 / 00222930110116039" type="journal article" year="2003">Calder et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFCEFFA58880FF63167EFF1E" baseAuthorityName="Millard and Bouillon" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[160,318,177,202]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Lafoeina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="581" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="amirantensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFCEFFA58880FF63167EFF1E" box="[160,318,177,202]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="581">L. amirantensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 2019, 2021). Its range is extended here to Cocos Island, and it will likely be found elsewhere in the region. The medusa has yet to be reported from the Eastern Pacific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF775CAAFFD1FFBA8880FA2C1668F936" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7012498" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7012498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7012498/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="580" startId="15.[160,225,1534,1557]" targetBox="[166,1149,147,1502]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFD1FFBA8880FA2C1668F936" blockId="15.[160,1156,1534,1762]" pageId="15" pageNumber="580">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFD1FFBA8880FA2C17BDF9C1" bold="true" box="[160,253,1534,1557]" pageId="15" pageNumber="580">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFD1FFBA8927FA2C16CBF9C1" authorityName="Cornelius" authorityYear="1992" box="[263,395,1534,1557]" class="Hydrozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="580" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="order">Leptothecata</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFD1FFBA89B7FA2C154AF9C1" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1953" box="[407,522,1534,1557]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Phialellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="580" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Phialellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFD1FFBA8A36FA2C15DBF9C1" authorityName="Kramp" authorityYear="1959" box="[534,667,1534,1557]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cirrholoveniidae" genus="Cirrholovenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="580" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Cirrholovenia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFD1FFBA8A87FA2C15BEF9C1" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1911" box="[679,766,1534,1557]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Clytiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="580" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Clytiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (a)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFD1FFBA8B0DFA2C14DDF9C1" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1953" box="[813,925,1534,1557]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Phialellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="580" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Phialellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(undetermined): three hydrothecae and pedicels, #240565. (b)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFD1FFBA8A14F9C9145DF9E6" authorityName="Kramp" authorityYear="1959" box="[564,797,1563,1586]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cirrholoveniidae" genus="Cirrholovenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="580" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tetranema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFD1FFBA8A14F9C9145DF9E6" box="[564,797,1563,1586]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="580">Cirrholovenia tetranema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: two hydrothecae and stolons, and a nematotheca, #240629. (c)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFD1FFBA89E5F9EA1539F99B" baseAuthorityName="Thornely" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[453,633,1592,1615]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="580" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brevithecata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFD1FFBA89E5F9EA1539F99B" box="[453,633,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="580">Clytia brevithecata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: hydrotheca and distal end of pedicel, #240600. (d)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFD1FFBA8880F9841614F9B9" baseAuthorityName="Thornely" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[160,340,1622,1645]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="580" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brevithecata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFD1FFBA8880F9841614F9B9" box="[160,340,1622,1645]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="580">Clytia brevithecata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: proximal end of pedicel and stolon, #240600. (e)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFD1FFBA8B77F9841499F9B9" box="[855,985,1622,1645]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="580" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFD1FFBA8B77F9841499F9B9" box="[855,985,1622,1645]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="580">Clytia linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: hydrotheca and distal end of pedicel, #307693. (f)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFD1FFBA89D8F9A1153AF95E" box="[504,634,1651,1674]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="580" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFD1FFBA89D8F9A1153AF95E" box="[504,634,1651,1674]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="580">Clytia linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: gonotheca, #307693. (g)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFD1FFBA8BA1F9A11347F95E" baseAuthorityName="Clarke" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[897,1031,1651,1674]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="580" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="obliqua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFD1FFBA8BA1F9A11347F95E" box="[897,1031,1651,1674]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="580">Clytia obliqua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: hydrotheca and distal end of pedicel, #240629. (h)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFD1FFBA8A37F94215DAF973" baseAuthorityName="Clarke" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[535,666,1680,1703]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="580" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="obliqua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFD1FFBA8A37F94215DAF973" box="[535,666,1680,1703]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="580">Clytia obliqua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: hydrotheca and distal end of pedicel, #253541. (i)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFD1FFBA8880F97C1663F911" baseAuthorityName="Clarke" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[160,291,1710,1733]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="580" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="obliqua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFD1FFBA8880F97C1663F911" box="[160,291,1710,1733]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="580">Clytia obliqua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: gonotheca, #253541. (j)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFD1FFBA8A3AF97C15DDF911" baseAuthorityName="Clarke" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[538,669,1710,1733]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="580" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="obliqua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFD1FFBA8A3AF97C15DDF911" box="[538,669,1710,1733]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="580">Clytia obliqua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: gonotheca, #240629. Scale bars: a, c–j = 0.1 mm; b = 0.05 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFCEFFA588E0FF2415D8FEE6" blockId="16.[160,1156,142,306]" pageId="16" pageNumber="581">
|
||
In concert with its status in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49CCC2C0FFCEFFA58A67FF241458FEDB" box="[583,792,246,271]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="16" pageNumber="581">Galapagos Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFCEFFA58B09FF241347FEDB" author="Carlton JT & Keith I & Ruiz GM" box="[809,1031,246,271]" pageId="16" pageNumber="581" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref18224" refString="Carlton JT, Keith I, Ruiz GM. 2019. Assessing marine bioinvasions in the Galapagos Islands: implications for conservation biology and marine protected areas. Aquat Invasions. 14: 1 - 20. doi: 10.3391 / ai. 2019.14.1.01" type="journal article" year="2019">Carlton et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we treat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0877A1FFCEFFA58880FECB166DFEE6" authorityName="Kramp" authorityYear="1959" box="[160,301,281,306]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cirrholoveniidae" genus="Cirrholovenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="581" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tetranema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFCEFFA58880FECB166DFEE6" box="[160,301,281,306]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="581">C. tetranema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as cryptogenic on Cocos Island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFCEFFA58880FE8C16DCFEAC" blockId="16.[160,1155,350,479]" box="[160,412,350,376]" pageId="16" pageNumber="581">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CD030FFCEFFA58880FE8C16DCFEAC" bold="true" box="[160,412,350,376]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="581">Reported distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFCEFFA58880FE5316FAFE4E" blockId="16.[160,1155,350,479]" box="[160,442,385,410]" pageId="16" pageNumber="581">Cocos Island: first record.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB70C22FFCEFFA588E0FE7615A1FE0B" blockId="16.[160,1155,350,479]" pageId="16" pageNumber="581">
|
||
Elsewhere: considered essentially circumglobal, in tropical and warm-temperate waters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFCEFFA58886FE141681FE0B" author="Migotto AE & Cabral AS" box="[166,449,454,479]" pageId="16" pageNumber="581" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref21765" refString="Migotto AE, Cabral AS. 2005. Lafoeina amirantensis (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa, Campanulinoidea), the hydroid stage of the medusa Cirrholovenia tetranema (Cnidaria: hydrozoa, Lovenelloidea). Zootaxa. 919: 1 - 16. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 919.1.1" type="journal article" year="2005">Migotto and Cabral 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9971D3FFCEFFA589EDFE1415D1FE0B" author="Calder DR & Carlton JT & Larson K & Mallinson JJ & Choong HHC & Keith I & Ruiz GM" box="[461,657,454,479]" pageId="16" pageNumber="581" pagination="21 - 58" refId="ref17698" refString="Calder DR, Carlton JT, Larson K, Mallinson JJ, Choong HHC, Keith I, Ruiz GM. 2019. Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from marine fouling assemblages in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Aquat Invasions. 14: 21 - 58. doi: 10.3391 / ai. 2019.14.1.02" type="journal article" year="2019">Calder et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2021).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |