194 lines
19 KiB
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194 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734" ID-GBIF-Dataset="48671e75-dd24-4e6d-8514-b0546ffd3fe3" ID-PMC="PMC4816990" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-60-49" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFC26762742EFFBDFFAD0867FFB3FFBB" ID-PubMed="27081344" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576336" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2003-60-49" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 60" ModsDocTitle="Vernonieae (Asteraceae) of southern Africa: A generic disposition of the species and a study of their pollen" checkinTime="1455253102424" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Robinson, Harold, Skvarla, John J. & Funk, Vicki A." docDate="2016" docId="2A8404FC8E1A474E9F8633070C6B1BD3" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 60: 49-126" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 60" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734" docTitle="Distephanus Cass. 1817" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFC26762742EFFBDFFAD0867FFB3FFBB" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="FFC26762742EFFBDFFAD0867FFB3FFBB" masterDocTitle="Vernonieae (Asteraceae) of southern Africa: A generic disposition of the species and a study of their pollen" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1668141640099" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Vernonieae (Asteraceae) of southern Africa: A generic disposition of the species and a study of their pollen</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Robinson, Harold</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Skvarla, John J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Funk, Vicki A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>60</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>49</mods:start>
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<mods:end>126</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-60-49</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFC26762742EFFBDFFAD0867FFB3FFBB</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576336</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127870788" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2A8404FC8E1A474E9F8633070C6B1BD3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A8404FC8E1A474E9F8633070C6B1BD3" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName LSID="2A8404FC-8E1A-474E-9F86-33070C6B1BD3" authority="Cass., 1817" authorityName="Cass." authorityYear="1817" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Distephanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Distephanus" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="61" start="start">Distephanus</pageBreakToken>
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Cass., 1817
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</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of acetolyzed pollen of echinolophate Bothriocline and Cyanthillium and sublophate-lophate Distephanus. A-C Bothriocline schimperi Oliv. & Hiern ex Benth. A Equatorial view, note incipient colpus of 3 connected lacunae centered on pore B Near polar view C Fractured grain D-F Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H. Rob. D Equatorial view E Lateral view with apertures on sides F Lateral view G-I Distephanus angustifolia (DC.) H Rob. & B. Kahn. G Polar view H Equatorial view I Lateral view. (A-C, F. Meyer 8159; D-F, Evans 344; G-I, Sidley 2211)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77476" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">
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Figures 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs of Distephanus: A-F Distephanus divaricatus (Steetz) H. Rob. & B. Kahn; G-H Distephanus anisochaetoides (Sond.) H. Rob. & B. Kahn. Note the variable flower color in Distephanus divaricatus. Note: trinervate veination, lack of lavender corollas and presence of yellow and orange. See Appendix C for citation details." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77478" pageId="12" pageNumber="61">
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; 6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–H">A-H</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="62" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Distephanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Distephanus" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="62" start="start">Distephanus</pageBreakToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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Cass. Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1817: 151. 1817.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gongrothamnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gongrothamnus" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Gongrothamnus</taxonomicName>
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Steetz in Peters, Reise Mossamb., Bot.: 336. 1864. - Type:
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gongrothamnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gongrothamnus divaricatus" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="divaricatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">Gongrothamnus divaricatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Steetz in Peters
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Newtonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Newtonia" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Newtonia</taxonomicName>
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O. Hoffm. in Engler & Prantl,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Natürl">Natuerl</normalizedToken>
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. Pflanzenfam. 4(5): 285. 1892, nom. illeg., non Baill. 1888. - Type:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="O. Hoffm" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="O. Hoffm" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Newtonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Newtonia angolensis" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angolensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">Newtonia angolensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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O. Hoffm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Antunesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Antunesia" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Antunesia</taxonomicName>
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O. Hoffm., Bolet. Soc. Brot. 10" 178. 1893 (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“1892”">"1892"</normalizedToken>
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), nom. nov. for
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Newtonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Newtonia" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">Newtonia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="62" type="resources">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="62">Resources.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="62">
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For discussion and numerous transfers of species see treatment by
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<bibRefCitation author="Robinson, H" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="52" pageNumber="101" pagination="493 - 501" publicationUrl="10.1098/rspb.1986.0036" refId="B44" refString="Robinson, H, Kahn, B, 1986. Trinervate leaves, yellow flowers, tailed anthers and pollen variation in Distephanus Cassini (Vernonieae: Asteraceae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 99 (3): 493 - 501, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1986.0036" title="Trinervate leaves, yellow flowers, tailed anthers and pollen variation in Distephanus Cassini (Vernonieae: Asteraceae)." url="10.1098/rspb.1986.0036" volume="99" year="1986">Robinson and Kahn (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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. For a recent treatment of the genus in southern Africa see
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<bibRefCitation author="Swelankomo, N" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Botany" pageId="52" pageNumber="101" pagination="38 - 48" publicationUrl="10.1016/j.sajb.2014.07.007" refId="B52" refString="Swelankomo, N, Manning, JC, 2014. The genus Distephanus (Asteraceae: Vernonieae) in southern Africa. South African Journal of Botany 94: 38 - 48, DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2014.07.007" title="The genus Distephanus (Asteraceae: Vernonieae) in southern Africa." url="10.1016/j.sajb.2014.07.007" volume="94" year="2014">Swelankomo and Manning (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="62" type="descriptions">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="62">Descriptions.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="62">
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Shrubs or vines; hairs arachnoid, contorted or asymmetrically T-shaped. Leaves alternate; petioles short; blades ovate to rounded, often with truncate to subcordate bases, less often narrow with cuneate bases, margins usually entire or subentire, venation usually with stronger more ascending basal pair or strongly triplinervate, less often irregularly pinnate. Inflorescences terminal on stems or branches, with single heads or usually branching, corymbiform with minute bracts or thyrsoid with foliose bracts; peduncles usually short. Heads with campanulate involucres; bracts 21
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–24(–">-24(-</normalizedToken>
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75) in 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–6(–">-6(-</normalizedToken>
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7) gradate series, without appendaged tips; receptacles epaleaceous. Florets 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–16(–">-16(-</normalizedToken>
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75) in a head; corollas usually yellow, purplish in a few continental African species; anther thecae with distinct broad often sclerified basal appendages; endothecial cells with simple, broad, non-contiguous, sclerified shields; apical appendages without glands; style base with large abruptly distinct node; style branches with obtuse sweeping hairs. Achenes cylindrical to prismatic, sometimes subtriquetrous or quadrangular, with 5-12 ribs, usually 10, setulae or glands present or absent, raphids elongate; carpopodium turbinate; pappus of many capillary bristles, outer series of squamellae. Chromosome numbers n = 9, 10, 15 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Jones, SB" editor="Loeve, A" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="119 - 128" publicationUrl="http://www.jstor.org/stable/1219710?seq=1page_scan_tab_contents" refId="B22" refString="Jones, SB, 1982. . In: Loeve, A, Ed., IOPB Chromosome number reports LXXIV. Taxon 31: 119 - 128, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1219710?seq=1page_scan_tab_contents" url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/1219710?seq=1page_scan_tab_contents" volume="31" volumeTitle="IOPB Chromosome number reports LXXIV." year="1982">Jones 1982</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Gill, LS" journalOrPublisher="Compositae Newsletter" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="12 - 16" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48998page/14/mode/1up" refId="B12" refString="Gill, LS, Omoigui, DI, 1992. Chromosome numbers in some Nigerian Compositae. Compositae Newsletter 20/21: 12 - 16, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48998page/14/mode/1up" title="Chromosome numbers in some Nigerian Compositae." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48998page/14/mode/1up" volume="20 / 21" year="1992">Gill and Omoigui 1992</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="62">
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Pollen: 30-36
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter (dry); tricolporate, sublophate to lophate; lophate forms with muri projecting as spurs into colpus, with echinate or with nearly psilate ridges; tectum continuous in intercolpi and at poles, or in pockets surrounded by ridges, with distinct perforations; with columellae under spines or with muri granular inside, without distinct baculae (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of acetolyzed pollen of echinolophate Bothriocline and Cyanthillium and sublophate-lophate Distephanus. A-C Bothriocline schimperi Oliv. & Hiern ex Benth. A Equatorial view, note incipient colpus of 3 connected lacunae centered on pore B Near polar view C Fractured grain D-F Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H. Rob. D Equatorial view E Lateral view with apertures on sides F Lateral view G-I Distephanus angustifolia (DC.) H Rob. & B. Kahn. G Polar view H Equatorial view I Lateral view. (A-C, F. Meyer 8159; D-F, Evans 344; G-I, Sidley 2211)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77476" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">
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4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="974379" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.60.6734.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/77478" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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Photographs of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Distephanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Distephanus" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">Distephanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob. & B. Kahn" authorityYear="1986" baseAuthorityName="Steetz" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Distephanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Distephanus divaricatus" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="divaricatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">Distephanus divaricatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Steetz) H. Rob. & B.Kahn;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob. & B. Kahn" authorityYear="1986" baseAuthorityName="Sond." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Distephanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Distephanus anisochaetoides" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anisochaetoides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">Distephanus anisochaetoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Sond.) H. Rob. & B.Kahn. Note the variable flower color in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob. & B. Kahn" authorityYear="1986" baseAuthorityName="Steetz" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Distephanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Distephanus divaricatus" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="divaricatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">Distephanus divaricatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Note: trinervate veination, lack of lavender corollas and presence of yellow and orange. See Appendix C for citation details.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="62">
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Notable secondary metabolites: sesquiterenes, elemanolides (Bohlmann and Jakupovic, as
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gongrothamnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gongrothamnus aurantiaca" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">Gongrothamnus aurantiaca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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N.E. Br.), guaianolide (as
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gongrothamnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gongrothamnus sublutea" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sublutea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">Gongrothamnus sublutea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Elliot., guaianolides (
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<bibRefCitation author="Bohlmann, F" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="3 - 43" publicationUrl="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" refId="B5" refString="Bohlmann, F, Jakupovic, J, 1990. Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 4: 3 - 43, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" title="Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae)." url="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" volume="4" year="1990">Bohlmann and Jakupovic 1990</bibRefCitation>
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, as
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia anisochaetoides" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anisochaetoides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">Vernonia anisochaetoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Sond., glaucolides/hirsutanolides (
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<bibRefCitation author="Bohlmann, F" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="50" pageNumber="99" pagination="3 - 43" publicationUrl="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" refId="B5" refString="Bohlmann, F, Jakupovic, J, 1990. Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 4: 3 - 43, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" title="Progress in the chemistry of the Vernonieae (Compositae)." url="10.1007/978-3-7091-6928-5_2" volume="4" year="1990">Bohlmann and Jakupovic 1990</bibRefCitation>
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, as
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia angulifolia" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angulifolia">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">Vernonia angulifolia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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DC.,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Compositae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vernonia tufrnellae" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tufrnellae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="62">Vernonia tufrnellae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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S. Moore).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |